KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan mengucapkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa,
penulis dapat

menyelesaikan penulisan laporan kasus ini yang berjudul

Retinopati Hipertensi Penulisan laporan kasus ini diharapkan berguna sebagai

khasanah ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam bidang kesehatan yang memberikan
gambaran mengenai Retinopati Hipertensi dapat bermanfaat untuk institusi
pendidikan sebagai sarana pendidikan untuk mempersiapkan peserta didik
dilingkungan pendidikan kesehatan.
Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dr. Hondrizal Sp.M
selakupembimbing sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan penulisan laporan kasus
ini tepat waktu demi memenuhi tugas perkuliahan. Penulisi menyadari bahwa
penulisan laporan kasus masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Karena itu, penulis
mengharapkan masukan dan saran dari pembaca penulisan laporan kasus untuk
penyempurnaan dimasa yang akan datang. Semoga jerih payah dalam penulisan
menghasilkan karya yang lebih baik dan memberikan manfaat bagi semua
kalangan pembaca terutama dibidang kesehatan.

Solok, januari 2016

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR
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DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................
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ii
DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................
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BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN................................................................................
1
1.1. Latar Belakang.....................................................................................
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1.2. Tujuan..................................................................................................
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1.3. Manfaat...............................................................................................
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BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................
4
2.1 Hipertensi .............................................................................................
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2.1.1 Definisi..............................................................................................
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2

2.1.2 klasifikasi ..........................................................................................

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2.1.3 Faktor Resiko.....................................................................................
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2.1.4 Patogenesis........................................................................................
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2.1.5 patofisiologi...............
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2.1.6 Diagnosa ...........................................................................................
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2.1.7 Penatalaksanaan ................................................................................
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2.1.8 Komplikai..........................................................................................
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2.2 Retinopati Hipertensi............................................................................
2.2.1 Definisi .............................................................................................
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2.2.2 Anatomi dan fisiologi Retina.............................................................
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2.2.3 Epidemiologi......................................................................................
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2.2.4 Etiologi..............................................................................................
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2.2.5 Klasifikasi..........................................................................................
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2.2.6 Patogenesis.......................................................................................
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2.2.7 Diagnosa...........................................................................................
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2.2.8 Diagnosa Banding .............................................................................
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2.2.9 Penatalaksanaan.................................................................................
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2.2.10 Komplikasi ......................................................................................
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2.2.10 Prognosis..........................................................................................
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BAB V PENUTUP

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..................................................................................
30

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 : Retinopati Hipertensi.....................................................................
12
Gambar 2 : fundus okuli...................................................................................
12
Gambar 3 : sudut bilik mata depan...................................................................
13

Gambar 4 : lapisan retina..................................................................................

14
Gambar 5 : vaskularisasi retina.........................................................................
15
Gambar 6 : fundus okuli normal.......................................................................
16
Gambar 7 : Mild Hypertensive Retinopathy.....................................................
20
Gambar8 : Moderate Hypertensive Retinopathy..............
20
Gambar 9 : Multipel cotton wool spot......................................
20

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 : Klasifikasi tekanan darahmenurut JNC VII.......................................
5
Tabel 2 :klasifikasi retinopati hipertensi berdasarkan berat..............................
11
Tabel 3 : obat hipertensi parenteral yang dipakai di Indonesia ........................
11

Table 4 : komplikasi hipertensi.........................................................................

12
Table 5 : klasifikasi retinopati .........................................................................
21