(international): 31 41
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
1
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 1
* flat M-D
*disal apex inclination
*pointed apex
*flat root L-L
*narrow root M-D
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1 (60%) or 2 (40%)
*wide canal buccolingually
*narrow canal mesiodistally
*40% have 2 canals
-facial & lingual
*flat mesiodistally
*mand incisors: most likely to
have 1 or 0 pulp
horns
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
6-7 yo
M: incisal 1/3
D: incisal 1/3
"I/I, I/I, I/M"
Buccolingually:
in mandibular arch
*develolps from 4 lobes
*3 mamelons
*incisal edge lingual to long axis
*root longer than maxi cental
*tooth always wider B-L than M-D
*succedaneous tooth replace primary mand cental
*most symmetrical tooth
*mand centrals & canines
show greatest variation
in root incline
< 1 yo
4-5 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: cerv 1/3 (like all anteriors)
Embrasure Information:
8-9 yo
M: smallest in mouth
D: second smallest in mouth
Order of Eruption
Eruption Path:
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
to deciduous tooth;
lingual eruptive path
wear
more apical CEJ
on lingual
(international): 32 42
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
2
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of roots: 1
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1 or two
*wide B-L
*narrow M-D
*40-50% have 2 canals
m
chamber
m
mid root
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
7-8 yo
M: incisal 1/3
D: incisal 1/3
"I/I, I/I, I/M"
< 1 yo
Buccolingually:
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
F: cerv 1/3
4-5 yo
Embrasure Information:
M: second smallest in mouth
D: second largest incisal emb
9-10 yo
Order of Eruption
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
Eruption Path:
First Molars
*cingulum placement:
d CCD m
d DDC m
depression
canines
centrals
flatter
(international): 33 43
(palmar): 3
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
3
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*wider BL than MD
*cusp tip distally displaced
# of Roots: 1
*most often bifurcated of all
anterior teeth (buc/lin)
*root apex often mesial
pulp horns: 1
canals: 1 or 2 (6%)
*root canal irregularly oval
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
9 - 10 yo
M: Incisal 1/3
D: Middle 1/3 "I/I, I/I,I/M"
< 1 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: cerv 1/3 (like all anteriors)
6 - 7 yo
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
12 - 14 yo
crown
continuous
arc
Order of Eruption
Eruption Path:
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
d
Pictures
Occlusion:
mesial
depression
is deeper
Tooth:
Number (universal): 21 , 28
(international): 34 44
(palmar): 4
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
4
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 1
*apex very slightly distal
*pointed apex
*shorter root than mand canine
and mand 2nd pre
*some cavitation on M & D
root surfaces
*very rare bifurcation
pulp horns: 1
canals: 1
*all incisors ovoid (cent round)
*canal wider BL than MD
*not unusual to have 2 canals
b
d
m
m
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
10-12 yo
M: middle 1/3
1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)
1 3/4 - 2 yo
D: middle 1/3
"all posteriors: M/M"
5-6 yo
Buccolingually:
M: middle 1/3
12-13 yo
D: middle 1/3
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
Embrasure Information:
who knows
10-12 yo
Eruption Path:
huge
Pictures buccal
lobe
Number (universal): 20 , 29
(international): 35 45
(palmar): 5
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
* 3 cusp type
*square shape
*Y shaped groove form
*larger ML cusp
*M and L triangular fossa
*central pit and groove
* 2 cusp type
*round shape
*straight or crescent shape
central groove
*mesial & distal fossa
# of Roots: 1
*rare bifurcation
*apex more blunt than 1st
mandibular premolar
*cross section more round
than most other teeth
*apex near mental foramen
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
11 - 12 yo
M: middle 1/3
1998 exam
says
pentagonal
D: middle 1/3
2 1/4 - 2 1/2 yo
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
6 - 7 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
13 - 14 yo
L: Occlusal 1/3
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
Identification hints
*a premolar with strong lingual cusp development
but without typical pentalgonal occlusal shape seen in
maxillary premolars
*roundish root in cross section
*lingual cusp tip in line with lingual outline of root
when viewed mesially
Order of Eruption
Second Premolars
Embrasure Information:
11-12 yo
Eruption Path:
(international): 36 46
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
6
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 2
mesial and buccal
pulp horns: 5
pulp canals: 3
ML canal
curves more
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
6-7 yo
"6 yo molar"
at birth
Buccolingually:
F: junction
L: middle 1/3
2 1/2 - 3 years
Embrasure Information:
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
9-10 yo
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
MB groove
MB
M! fossa
DB
DB groove
D! fossa
ML
DL
MB cusp
largest
Pictures
Occlussion hint:
W C N
max: IB OL IL
mand: OB IL IB
*5th cusp in distal pit of max 1st
molar
"cornerstone of permanent
dentition"
*mandibular molars have
the greatest degree of
facial HOC
*mandibular molars have roots
to facial & crowns to lingual
>
(international): 37 47
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*crown is rhomboid
*lingual cusp tip in line with
outline of root
# of Roots: 2
-mesial & distal
horns: 4
canals: 3
MB
biggest
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
M: junction of mid/occlusal
D: mid 1/3
11-13 yo
"12 yo molar"
*grooves form an
2 1/2 - 3 yo
Buccolingually:
F: junction or mid/cerv
L: middle 1/3
buccal groove
*non-succedaneous
MB
DB
ML
DL
M" fossa
*most symmetrical molar
D" fossa
7-8 yo
Lingual groove
Embrasure information:
--
14-15 yo
Eruption Pathway:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Z
max 1st
max 2nd
Pictures
+
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
12 yo
mand 1st
mand 2nd
(international): 38 48
(palmar):
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
8
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
horns: 3, 4, or 5
canals: 2 or 3
*many variations, but if well
formed, pulp anatomy looks
very similar to mand 2nd
molar
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
17-21 yo
M: junction of mid/occlusal
8-10 yo
Buccolingually:
F: junction of mid/cerv
D: mid 1/3
12-16 yo
Embrasure information:
18-25 yo
Eruption path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
l
(international): 11, 21
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
1
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*concave fossa
*convex cingulum
*crown & root taper lingually
*mesial & distal marginal ridges
# of roots: 1
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1
B
D
MMR
DMR
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
7-8 yo
M: incisal 1/3
D: junction 1/3
"I/J, J/M, J/M"
*a large incisor
*blunt root
< 1 yo
*3 mamelons at erution
*curvature of CEJ on mesial surface steepest of any
4-5 yo
Buccolingually: (HOC)
F: cervical 1/3
L: cervical 1/3
10 yo
Order of Eruption
Embrasure Information:
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
7-8 yo
M: very small
D: small, but larger than mesial
Eruption Path:
13.5 mm
Occlusion:
10 mm
syphilis:
Number (universal): 7, 10
(international): 12 22
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
2
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 1
*centered cingulum
palatal
curve
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
8-9 yo
1 yo (10 mos)
Buccolingually:
4-5 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: cerv 1/3 (like all anteriors)
Embrasure information:
10-11 yo
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Eruption Path:
Centrals / Laterals
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
erupts lingually to it
"lingual postural eruption path:
Occlusion:
*peg shaped
*pit / groove
Number (universal): 6, 11
(international): 13 23
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*labiolingual dimension
greater than mesiodistal
*cusp tip positioned facial
and slightly mesial to center
of tooth in this view
*slightly narrower lingually
than facially
*cingulum centered
*arc wider on M flatter on D
*MMR, DMR, and tip pretty
much in line w/ each other
# of Roots: 1
pulp horns: 0 or 1
canals: 1, usually never 2
*pointed at incisal end
*shape in cross section:
elliptical with long end
labiolingually
*widest pulp in B-L in a long
section is seen at cervical
bulge area
LR
M
Widest B-L of
all
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
11 - 12 yo
4 - 5 yo
Buccolingually:
6 - 7 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: cerv 1/3
Embrasure Information:
13 - 15 yo
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Eruption Path:
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
D: more
concave
Pictures
Occlusion:
Number (universal): 5, 12
(international): 14, 24
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 2
*buccal and lingual
*buccal is longer
*roots shorter than max
canines; longer than max
anteriors
pulp horns: 2
root canals: 2
*roundest canals near
root apex
*buccal is longer
*lingual is larger
*kidney cross section
(only one)
*greatest constriction
from pulp chamber
to apex
dist pit
mes pit
*longer central groove than 2nd
but less supplementals
*no central pit; nice transverse
ridge
D
ling
bucc
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
10 - 11 yo
M: mid 1/3
D: mid 1/3
*all posterior teeth are "MM"
Buccolingually:
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
5-6 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: mid 1/3
*mesial more lingual
12-13 yo
Embrasure Information:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
Eruption Path:
steepest
premolar
cusp inclines
Identification hints
Number (universal): 5 12
(international): 15
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
25
(palmar):
Incisal/Occlusal
5
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 1
*same root length as
max 1st pre, but only 1
*no concavity
*One distinct root, rare
bifurcation
*wider BL than ML
pulp horns: 2 or 3
canals: usually 1
sometimes 2 (14%)
*much wider BL
than MD
*not kidney bean
shaped
*more oval at
cervical
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
10 - 12 yo
M: middle 1/3
D: middle 1/3
2 - 2 1/4 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: middle 1/3
6 - 7 yo
Embrasure Information:
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
12 - 14 yo
Eruption Path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Occlusion:
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
Number (universal): 3 14
(international): 16 26
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*ML>MB>DB>DL>Carabelli
*rhomboid outline
*primary cusp triangle:
MLC, MBC, DBC
*DLC is secondary cusp triange
*major fossae: central & distal
*minor fossae: M!, and D!
*oblique ridge ML to DB
*transverse ridge groove of
oblique ridge
*cusps thought: L>B and M>D
*ML groove has 2 " ridges
*ML: two triangular ridges
# of Roots: 3
*no groove on distal of distal
*palatal is longest, biggest,
and strongest
*palatal concavities on lingual
and facial surfaces
*distobuccal is smallest
*MB root widest/flattest, &
concavities on M & D
*roots incline distally
horns: 5
canals: 3 or 4 (15%)
*mesial sometimes has 2
*chamber below CEJ (all mol)
*palatal canal long and open
*DB canal small and straight
*MB pulp horn biggest
*orafaces form triangle;
M-B to lingual side is longest
buccal developmental
groove
db
Eruption
at birth
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
3-4 yo
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
9-10 yo
Order of Eruption
after mand 1sts
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
shortest: d
longest: p
mb most
acute <
Special features
Identification hints
*not succedaneous
*largest, strongest maxillary tooth
M: juction of mid/occ 1/3s
D: middle 1/3
*first permanent maxillary tooth to erupt
*erupts posteriorly to all 20 primaries
Buccolingually:
*DL cusp is largest on 1st max molar, gets smaller as you go
F: cerv 1/3
back
L: middle 1/3
*crown wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
(opposite of mand 1st molar)
Embrasure Information:
*devleops from 5 lobes
*because tooth is wider on the
*concavity on distal surface of crown
lingual side M-D, the faical
*widest facio-lingual tooth
embrasures are very small
*biggest tooth in mouth
(bwtn 1st & 2nd molar is biggest) *wider M-D on lingual - big facial embrasures
Eruption Path:
*enamel rods to apex at CEJ
Occlussogingivally:
6 yo molar
First Molars
db obtuse
dl acute
Important Dates
maxillary molar
sinus
*3 5-lobe teeth:
-max 1st mol
-mand 1st mol
-mand 2nd pre Y-type
occlusion:
*cusp of Carabelli
*roots more spread apart than other max molars
*never heart-shaped from occlusal like others might be
*rhomboid
*widest B-L in mouth
**max: pits/grooves on occ & ling
**mand: pits/grooves on occ & bucc
*total pit # = mand 1st molar & Y-type
mand 2nd premolar
dissured groove
lingual
groove
Number (universal): 2, 15
(international): 17 27
(palmar): 7
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*2 forms
# of Roots: 3
mesiobuccal
distobuccal
palatal
horns: 4
canals: 3
**4 cusp
*rhomboidal occlusal
*similar to 1st max molar
*more common
**3 cusp
*only has primary cusp triangle
(MB, ML, & DB)
*resembles 3rd molar
*DL cusp poorly developed
*more secondary grooves
transverse
groove crosses
oblique
ridge
MB
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
12- 13 yo
"12 year molars"
2 1/2 - 3 yo
Bucclingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: mid 1/3
7-8 yo
Ebrasure information:
14-16 yo
distal axis
Eruption Path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
facial axis
Number (universal): 1 16
(international): 18 28
(palmar):
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*usually heart-shaped
with 3 cusps
# of Roots: 3
horns: 3
canals: 3
mesiobuccal
distobuccal
palatal
Important Dates
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
17 - 21 yo
7 - 9 yo
Bucclingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: mid 1/3
12 - 16 yo
Ebrasure information:
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
18 - 25 yo
Eruption Path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
varied
Occlusion:
random thought:
enamel rods incline
apically at CEJ for
permanent teeth (in
primary teeth, aim
occlusally)
common
fused roots
permanent eruption:
1st molar
central incisor
lateral incisor
canine
1st premolar
2nd premolar
2nd molar
3rd molar
mand
6-7 yo
6-7 yo
7-8 yo
9-10 yo
10-12 yo
11-12 yo
12 yo
18 yo
max
6-7 yo
7-8 yo
8-9 yo
10-11 yo
10-12 yo
11-12 yo
12 yo
18 yo
1st molar
central incisor
lateral incisor
1st premolar
2nd premolar
canine
2nd molar
3rd molar
cusp tips
canine
incisors
facial
centered
centered or lingual
lingual
cingulum alignment
central
lateral
distal
central
central
distal
max
mand
canine
central
maxillary
distal mandibular
canine
J/M
I/M
1st pre
M/M
M/M
2nd pre
M/M
M/M
1st molar
J/M
J/M
2nd molar
J/M
J/M
3rd molar
J
max
J
mand
canine
C/C
C/C
1st pre
C/M
C/M
2nd pre
C/M
C/O
1st molar
C/M
J/M
2nd molar
C/M
J/M
3rd molar
C/M
max
J/M
mand
o
p
d
g
7
6
n
q
c
h
b
i
a
j
8 14 18 24 max
9 12 16 20 mand
m
r
l
s
k
t
(B/I)
Facial / Buccal
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 3
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals:
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
13-19 mos
1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)
pictures
Primary teeth:
*lighter in color than permanent teeth
*pulp cavities proportionately larger than permanents
*crowns of primary teeth more bulbous and constricted
*crown surfaces are much smoother (less pits and grooves)
*wider M-D and narrower inciso-cervically than permanent counterparts
*shorter crowns and more narrow M-D at cervical third than counterparts
*roots taper more rapidly than permanent counterparts
*roots longer and more slender than permanent counterparts
*enamel ends abruptly at CEJ
*buccal and lingual surfaces are flatter above HOC than permanents
*all primaries begin calcification in mos. 4-6 in utero
Molar differences:
*primary crowns are shorter and more bulbous and very
prominent buccal and lingual cervical ridges (constricted cervical area)
*roots longer and more slender
*more shallow occlusal anatomy
*promanent mesial cervical ridge
5 - 6 mos in utero
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
9-11 yo
(A/J)
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# of Roots: 3
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals: 4
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
25-33 mos
1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)
5 - 6 mos in utero
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
10-12 yo
pictures
(S/L)
Facial / Buccal
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
14-18 mos
1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)
5 - 6 mos in utero
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals:
pictures
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
9-11 yo
(T/K)
Mesial/Distal
*narrow MD at CEJ
*promenant facial HOC
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*5 cusps
*distal cusp is smallest
*MB, DB, and distal almost
equal in size (permanent
distal is small)
*2nd primary molars and widest
primary teeth
# of Roots: 2
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals: 3
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
23-31 mos
1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)
5 - 6 mos in utero
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
10-12 yo
*mesial is bigger
*mesial root has 2 canals
*quite divergent to make room
for the future 2nd premolar
pictures
Special features
Important Dates
Important Dates
Eruption
Eruption
16-22 mos
17-23 mos
Exfoliation
Exfoliation
10-12 yo
9-12 yo
Facial
Special features
Facial
(D/G)
Special features
*no mamelons
*when being absorbed, the
facial aspect reamains the
most attached to gingiva
Important Dates
Important Dates
Eruption
Eruption
8-12 mos
9-13 mos
Exfoliation
Enamel Complete
6-7 yo
Root complete
Exfoliation
7-8 yo
Order of Eruption
(O/P)
Special features
*smallest tooth in the whole world
*shortest root
Facial
*more dramatic incisal edge cusp slope
than the permanent mand lateral
Important Dates
Important Dates
Eruption
Eruption
10-16 mos
Enamel Complete
Root complete
Enamel Complete
18 mos
Exfoliation
Root complete
6-7 yo
Order of Eruption
Exfoliation
7-8 yo
longest tooth
Order of Eruption
(N/Q)
Special features