Jurusan Teknik Elektro FT UNAND

DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. i
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... ix

BAB I: PENDAHULUAN
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1

Tujuan ................................................................................................... 1
Batasan Masalah .................................................................................. 2
Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan......................................................... 2
Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 3
Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 3

BAB II: TINJAUAN UMUM P3B SUMATERA

2.1 Profil Perusahaan ................................................................................. 5
2.2 Visi, Misi, Motto, dan Tugas P3B Sumatera
2.2.1 Visi ................................................................................................ 7
2.2.2 Misi ............................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Motto ............................................................................................ 7
2.2.4 Budaya 5R .................................................................................... 7
2.2.5 Tugas P3B Sumatera ................................................................... 8
2.3 Tata Nilai/Budaya Perusahaan ............................................................ 8
2.4 Lokasi P3B Sumatera ........................................................................... 9
2.5 Wilyah Kerja ......................................................................................... 9
2.6 Struktur Organisasi P3B Sumatera .................................................... 11
2.7 Struktur Organisasi PT. PLN (Persero) P3B Sumatera Unit
Pelayanan Transmisi (UPT) Padang
2.7.1 Struktur Organisasi UPT Padang ............................................. 11
2.7.2 Tugas Pokok ................................................................................ 13
BAB III: TINJAUAN UMUM GARDU INDUK INDARUNG
3.1 Pengertian Umum Gardu Induk ......................................................... 15
3.2 Klasifikasi Gardu Induk ...................................................................... 15
Haristian Moriva
1210952014

Jurusan Teknik Elektro FT UNAND

3.3 Sistem Kelistrikan Gardu Induk ......................................................... 18

3.4 Peralatan-Peralatan Utama Gardu Induk ......................................... 19
3.5 Fungsi Peralatan Utama Gardu Induk
3.5.1 Transformator Daya .................................................................... 19
3.5.2 Pemutus Tenaga (PMT) ............................................................... 23
3.5.3 Pemisah (PMS) ............................................................................. 24
3.5.4 Transformator Instrumental ....................................................... 26
3.5.5 Ligthning Arrester ....................................................................... 28
3.5.6 Busbar (Rel Daya) ........................................................................ 29
3.5.7 Panel Kontrol ............................................................................... 30
3.5.8 Baterai ........................................................................................... 31
3.6 Sistem Pengoperasian Gardu Induk Indarung .................................. 31
3.7 Pemeliharaan Gardu Induk Indarung ................................................ 34
BAB IV: PEMELIHARAAN PERALATAN TRAFO ARUS DI GARDU INDUK
INDARUNG
4.1 Transformator Arus
4.1.1 Pengertian Trafo Arus ................................................................. 36
4.1.2 Fungsi Trafo Arus ........................................................................ 38
4.1.3 Jenis Trafo Arus ........................................................................... 40
4.1.4 Komponen Trafo Arus ................................................................. 47
4.1.5 Pengenal (Rating) Trafo Arus ..................................................... 49
4.1.5.1 Pengenal Beban (Rated Burden) ........................................ 50
4.1.5.2 Pengenal Arus Kontinyu .................................................... 50
4.1.5.3 Pengenal Arus Sesaat ......................................................... 51
4.1.5.4 Pengenal Arus Dinamik ..................................................... 51
4.1.6 Kesalahan Trafo Arus
4.1.6.1 Kesalahan Perbandingan/Rasio .......................................... 51
4.1.6.2 Kesalahan Sudut Fasa ........................................................ 51
4.1.7 Kesalahan Komposit (Composite Error)...................................... 52
4.1.8 Ketelitian/Akurasi Trafo Arus
4.1.8.1 Batas Ketelitian Arus Primer ............................................. 53
4.1.8.2 Faktor Batas Ketelitian ...................................................... 53
4.1.9 Kelas Ketelitian Trafo Arus Metering ........................................ 53
4.1.10 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ............................. 54
4.2 PEDOMAN PEMELIHARAAN
4.2.1 Konsep Assesmen ......................................................................... 55
4.2.2 In Service Inspection
4.2.2.1 Dielectric ............................................................................ 56
Haristian Moriva
1210952014

Jurusan Teknik Elektro FT UNAND

4.2.2.2 Grounding (Pentanahan) Trafo Arus .................................. 57

4.2.3 In Service Measurement
4.2.3.1 Thermovision ..................................................................... 57
4.2.4 Shutdown Testing/Measurement
4.2.4.1 Tahanan Isolasi ................................................................... 58
4.2.4.2 Tan Delta ............................................................................ 59
4.2.4.3 Pengukuran Kualitas Isolasi SF6 ....................................... 63
4.2.4.4 Pengujian Kualitas Minyak Isolasi .................................... 64
4.2.4.5 Tahanan Pentanahan ........................................................... 66
4.2.4.6 Ratio ................................................................................... 66
4.2.4.7 Pengujian Eksitasi atau Vknee............................................ 67
4.2.5 Shutdown Treatment ................................................................... 68
4.3 EVALUASI PEMELIHARAAN DAN REKOMENDASI
4.3.1 In Service Inspection .................................................................... 69
4.3.2 In Service Measurement
4.3.2.1 Thermovisi dan Klem Konduktor ...................................... 71
4.3.2.2 Thermovisi Isolator dan Housing CT ................................. 72
4.3.3 Shutdown Testing/Measurement
4.3.3.1 Tahanan Isolasi ................................................................... 73
4.3.3.2 Tan Delta ............................................................................ 73
4.3.3.3 DGA ................................................................................... 75
4.3.3.4 Tahanan Pentanahan ........................................................... 76
4.3.3.5 Kualitas Gas SF6 ................................................................ 76
4.3.4 Shutdown Inspection.................................................................... 78
4.4 TABEL URAIAN KEGIATAN PEMELIHARAAN ......................... 79
BAB V: PENUTUP .................................................................................................. 83
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 85
LAMPIRAN

Haristian Moriva
1210952014

Jurusan Teknik Elektro FT UNAND

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Unit bisnis PT. PLN (Persero) ............................................................. 6
Gambar 2.2 Wilayah Kerja P3BS (s.d. Mei 2008)..................................................... 11
Gambar 3.1 Transformator Daya .............................................................................. 20
Gambar 3.2 Pemutus Tenaga Jenis SF6 .................................................................... 23
Gambar 3.3 Pemisah (PMS) ..................................................................................... 25
Gambar 3.4 Transformator Arus ............................................................................... 27
Gambar 3.5 Transformator Tegangan ....................................................................... 27
Gambar 3.6 Arrester .................................................................................................. 29
Gambar 3.7 Sistem Double Busbar Sederhana ......................................................... 29
Gambar 3.8 Panel Kontrol ........................................................................................ 30
Gambar 3.9 Baterai Pada Gardu Induk ..................................................................... 31
Gambar 4.1.1 Rangkaian Pada Trafo Arus ................................................................ 36
Gambar 4.1.2 Rangkaian Ekivalen ........................................................................... 37
Gambar 4.1.3 diagram Fasor Arus dan Tegangan Pada Trafo .................................. 38
Gambar 4.1.4 Kurva Kejenuhan CT Untuk Pengukuran dan Proteksi ..................... 39
Gambar 4.1.5 Lusa Penampang Inti Trafo Arus ....................................................... 40
Gambar 4.1.6 Bar ...................................................................................................... 41
Gambar 4.1.7 Wound Primary .................................................................................. 41
Gambar 4.1.8 Trafo Arus Pemasangan Luar Ruangan .............................................. 43
Gambar 4.1.9 Trafo Arus Pemasangan Dalam Ruangan ........................................... 43
Gambar 4.1.10 Trafo Arus dengan 2 Inti .................................................................. 44
Gambar 4.1.11 Trafo Arus dengan 4 Inti .................................................................. 45
Gambar 4.1.12 Primer Paralel ................................................................................... 46
Gambar 4.1.13 Primer Seri ....................................................................................... 46
Gambar 4.1.14 CT Sekunder 2 Tap ........................................................................... 47
Gambar 4.1.15 CT Sekunder 3 Tap ........................................................................... 47
Gambar 4.1.16 CT Tipe Cincin ................................................................................. 47
Haristian Moriva
1210952014

Jurusan Teknik Elektro FT UNAND

Gambar 4.1.17 Komponen CT Tipe Cincin .............................................................. 48

Gambar 4.1.18 Komponen CT Tipe Tangki .............................................................. 48
Gambar 4.1.19 Komponen CT Tipe Tangki .............................................................. 50
Gambar 4.1.20 Kesalahan Sudut Trafo Arus ............................................................ 52
Gambar 4.1.21 Kurva Faktor Batas Ketelitian .......................................................... 54
Gambar 4.2.1 Diagram Konsep Detail Assesmen Kondisi Trafo Arus ..................... 56
Gambar 4.2.2 Alat Ukur Mega Ohm Meter .............................................................. 58
Gambar 4.2.3 Alat Ukur Tahanan Isolasi CT ............................................................ 59
Gambar 4.2.4 Rangkaian Ekivalen dan Diagram Fasor ............................................ 60
Gambar 4.2.5 CT Tanpa Test Tap .............................................................................. 60
Gambar 4.2.6 Pengujian Mode GST-G pada CT Tanpa Test Tap ............................. 61
Gambar 4.2.7 CT dengan Test Tap ............................................................................ 61
Gambar 4.2.8 Pengujian Mode GST-G pada CT dengan Test Tap ........................... 62
Gambar 4.2.9 Pengujian Mode UST pada CT dengan Test Tap ............................... 62
Gambar 4.2.10 Pengujian Mode GST-Guard pada CT dengan Test Tap .................. 63
Gambar 4.2.11 Pengujian Ratio Dengan Metode Tegangan ..................................... 66
Gambar 4.2.12 Pengujian Ratio dengan Metode Arus .............................................. 66
Gambar 4.2.13 Rangkaian Pengujian Eksitasi .......................................................... 67
Gambar 4.2.14 Karakteristik Eksitasi ....................................................................... 68

Haristian Moriva
1210952014

Jurusan Teknik Elektro FT UNAND

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4-1-1 Batas Kesalahan Trafo Arus Metering ................................................... 54
Tabel 4-1-2 Batas Kesalahan Trafo Arus Metering ................................................... 54
Tabel 4-2-1 Shutdown Treatment Pada CT ............................................................... 68
Tabel 4-3-1 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi In Service Inspection CT ........................... 69
Tabel 4-3-2 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Thermovisi Klem ...................................... 72
Tabel 4-3-3 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Themovisi Isolator dan Housing CT ......... 73
Tabel 4-3-4 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Pengujian Tahanan Isolasi ......................... 73
Tabel 4-3-5 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Pengujian Tan Delta .................................. 74
Tabel 4-3-6 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Pengujian DGA ......................................... 75
Tabel 4-3-7 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Pengujian Tahanan Pentanahan.................. 76
Tabel 4-3-8 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Pengujian Kualitas Gas SF6....................... 76
Tabel 4-3-9 Evaluasi dan Rekomendasi Hasil Shutdown Inspection ....................... 78
Tabel 4-4-1 Uraian Kegiatan Pemeliharaan In Service Inspection ........................... 79

Haristian Moriva
1210952014