There are many methods for determining the in-situ density of soils. These
include: (a) The Sand Cone method, (b) The Rubber Balloon method
------Field density. Common methods are based on excavating a hole at the site and
measuring the volume of the hole and the mass of the excavated soil. Field
density is the ratio of the excavated soil to the volume of the hole. The volume
of the hole is measured in a variety of ways using mostly sand or water
replacement methods.
References:
[1]https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=BzBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80&dq=determining+the+density+and+unit+weight+by
+rubber+balloon&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=determining%20the%20density%2
0and
%20unit%20weight%20by%20rubber%20balloon&f=false
[2]https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=zSwpSlSMfEMC&pg=PA328&dq=field+density+t
est+using+rubber+balloon+and
+sand+cone&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=
y#v=onepage&q=field%20density%20test%20using%20rubber%20balloon%20and%20sand%20c
one&f=false