SAMO Junior 2015 To 1998 Questions

SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS FOUNDATION
2015 FIRST ROUND

JUNIOR SECTION: GRADE 8
12 March 2015
Time: 60 minutes
Number of questions: 20
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and
13E.
March
2014
Time: 60 minutes
Only one
of these is correct.
2. Scoring rules:
2.1. Each correct answer is worth 5 marks.
2.2. There is no penalty for an incorrect answer or any unanswered question.
3. You must use an HB pencil. Rough work paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted. Calculators and
geometry instruments are not permitted.
4. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
5. Indicate your answers on the sheet provided.
6. The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear out the page for your own use.
7. Start when the invigilator tells you to do so.
8. Answers and solutions will be available at www.samf.ac.za
Do not turn the page until you are told to do so.
Draai die boekie om vir die Afrikaanse vraestel
PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001

TEL: (012) 392-9372 Email: info@samf.ac.za
Organisations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society,

SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns
Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng
1.
The value of 2 (0 (1 5)) is

(A) 3
2.
(B) 1
If
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D)
(E) 8
(B)
12
(C)
15
(D)
18
(E)
20
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
If today is Thursday, what day of the week will it be in 150 days from now?
(B) Monday
(C) Tuesday
(D) Wednesday (E) Thursday
It is said that you can only fold a piece of paper in half 7 times. Harold folds a sheet of
paper in half 5 times and then makes a hole in the folded paper. How many holes does the
sheet of paper have after it is unfolded again?
(A)
8.
(E) 120 000
The last digit of 2011 2013 2015 2010 2012 2014 is
(A) Sunday
7.
(D) 12 000
20 120
then y equals
3
y
(A)
6.
(C) 1 200
12
is a natural number and x is a natural number, how many possible values are there
x
for x?
(A)
5.
(B) 120
If
(A) 4
4.
(E) 2
Human hair grows at a rate of about 1 centimetre per month. This is equivalent to about
how many millimetres every ten years?
(A) 12
3.
(D) 1
(C) 0
32
(B)
36
(C)
81
(D)
50
(E)
64
Alfred and four other people want to be in a group photograph. In how many different
ways can they be arranged in a row with Alfred in the middle?
(A) 4
(B) 8
(C) 12
(D) 24
(E) 40
9.
If a b means the value of ab + a + b, and 5 x = 35, the value of x must be

(A) 5
10.
22
(D) 12
(E) 15
(B)
27
(C)
30
(D)
45
(E)
60
Ten cubes are glued together as shown in the diagram

and then the entire figure is painted.
How many of the cubes are painted on exactly four faces?
(A) 10
12.
(C) 9
In the figure, triangle ABC is

inscribed in the circle with centre O
and diameter AC. If AB = AO, the
is
size of angle BCO
(A)
11.
(B) 7
(B) 8
(C) 6
(D) 5
(E) 4
Children were asked about their favourite juice. The results of the survey are shown in
the bar graph and also in the pie chart, drawn to scale. The size of the angle in the shaded
sector is
(A) 45
(B) 60
(C) 72
(D) 75
(E) 90
13.
The diagram shows three intersecting

straight line segments. The average of
a , b , c and d is
(A) 45
14.
70
(D) 75
(E) 85
(B)
80
(C)
90
(D)
10
(E)
A tick and a cross are to be placed in the grid of 16

blocks alongside, no more than one in a block. No
column of four blocks may contain both symbols and no
row of four blocks may contain both symbols. In how
many ways can this be done?
(A) 24
16.
(C) 65
The shaded area in the diagram is formed when

a square and a circle overlap. The shaded area is
5
1
of the area of the circle and the area of the
8
2
square. If the area of the circle is 80 cm2, the length
of a side of the square, in cm, is
(A)
15.
(B) 55
(B) 36
(C) 42
(D) 108
(E) 144
ABCD is a square. M is the midpoint

is
of BC, and of AP. The size of CBP
(A) 22,5
(B) 30
(C) 36
(D) 45
(E) 50
120
17.
ABCD is a rectangle and P is a point on BC.

If the area of triangle ABP is one third of the
area of the rectangle, then the ratio BP : PC is
(A) 5 : 2
18.
(D) 3 : 1
(E) 9 : 4
(B) 2 : 1
(C) 4 : 3
(D) 5 : 3
(E) 5 : 4
How many of the integers between 97 and 199 are multiples of 2 or 3?

(A) 33
20.
(C) 2 : 1
The midpoints of the sides of a square are joined to form a new

square. Inside that one a third square is formed by joining the
midpoints of the second square. The ratio of the area of the
triangle marked a to the area of the triangle marked b is
(A) 3 : 2
19.
(B) 3 : 2
(B) 40
(C) 55
(D) 60
(E) 68
If t toffees cost c cents, the number of toffees that can be bought for r rands is
(A)
100rc
t
(B)
100rt
c
(C)
100r
ct
(D)
rt
100c
(E)
100c
rt

Organised by the
2015 FIRST ROUND

12 March 2015
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and
13E.
March
2014
Time: 60 minutes
Only one
2. Scoring rules:


1.
The value of 2 (0 (1 5)) is

(A) 3
2.
(E) 2
(B) 120
(C) 1 200
(D) 12 000
(E) 120 000
(B) 30%
(C) 25%
(D) 20%
(E) 10%
Ten cubes are glued together as shown in the diagram

and then the entire figure is painted. How many of the
cubes are painted on exactly four faces?
(A) 10
5.
(D) 1
One of the factors of 48 is chosen at random. What is the probability that the chosen factor
is NOT a multiple of 4?
(A) 40%
4.
(C) 0
Human hair grows at a rate of about 1 centimetre per month. This is equivalent to about
how many millimetres every ten years?
(A) 12
3.
(B) 1
(B) 8
(C) 6
(D) 5
(E) 4
Children were asked about their favourite juice. The results of the survey are shown in
the bar graph and also in the pie chart, drawn to scale. The size of the angle in the shaded
sector is
(A) 45
(B) 60
(C) 72
(D) 75
(E) 90
6.
It is said that you can only fold a piece of paper in half 7 times. Harold folds a sheet of
paper in half 5 times and then makes a hole in the folded paper. How many holes does the
sheet of paper have after it is unfolded again?
(A)
7.
32
(B) 16
(D)
50
(E)
64
(C) 24
(D) 48
(E) 80
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 8
(E) 9
(B) 255
(C) 270
(D)
(E) 300
295
A hiker walks 1 km East, then 2 km North, then 3 km West, then 4 km South, then 5 km
East and finally 6 km North. The hikers straight-line distance in km from the starting
point is
(A) 4
11.
81
In the diagram, w x y z equals
(A) 240
10.
(C)
The digits from 1 to 9 are added, in order, over and over again until the total is 460.
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+1+2+3+.
The last digit that was added is
(A) 2
9.
36
Mollie, Alfred and four other people want to be in a group photograph. In how many
different ways can they be arranged in a row with Mollie and Alfred together in the
middle?
(A) 8
8.
(B)
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D)
(E) 8
When a is increased by 20% and b is decreased by 20% the resulting values are
equal. The ratio of a to b is
(A)
1
2
(B) 1
(C)
2
3
(D)
3
4
(E)
4
3
12.
A tick and a cross are to be placed in the grid of 16

blocks alongside, no more than one in a block. No
column of four blocks may contain both symbols and
no row of four blocks may contain both symbols. In
how many ways can this be done?
(A) 144
13.
(B) 108
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
(B)
(C)
(D)
10
12
(E) 4
ABCD is a rectangle and P is a point on BC.

If the area of triangle ABP is one third of the
area of the rectangle, then the ratio BP : PC is
(A) 5 : 2
16.
(E) 24
ABC is right-angled at A, and ABP is equilateral

with AB = 2 . The length of AC is
(A)
15.
(D) 36
If a + 2b = 13 and 5a 2b = 5, the value of b is

(A) 1
14.
(C) 42
(B) 3 : 2
(C) 2 : 1
(D) 3 : 1
The number of different positive integers such that

(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(E) 9 : 4
n
4
is
n4 9
(D)
(E) 4
17.
ABCD is a square. M is the midpoint of

is
BC, and of AP. The size of CBP
(A) 22,5
18.
(D) 45
(E) 50
(B) 40
(C) 55
(D) 60
(E) 68
Two squares are adjacent to each other as shown.

One has sides of length of 5 cm and the other has sides
of length 7 cm. The area in cm2 of the shaded region is
(A)
20.
(C) 36
How many of the integers between 97 and 199 are multiples of 2 or 3?

(A) 33
19.
(B) 30
35
(B)
35,5
(C)
36
(D)
36,5
(E)
37
Two circles have the same centre O, and the

radius of the smaller one is 1. The radii OA
and OB are such that the area of the shaded
region is equal to one quarter of the area of the
sector OAB.
The length of PA is
(A)
3 2
2
(B)
2 3
3
(C)
5 3
(D)
3 5
(E)
3 5
2

Organised by the
2015 SECOND ROUND

JUNIOR SECTION: GRADE 8 & 9
13 May 2015
Time: 120 minutes
Instructions
1. The answers to all questions are integers from 0 to 999. Each question has only one correct answer.
2. Scoring rules:
2.1. Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in Part A, 5 marks in Part B and 6 marks in Part C.
Draai die boekie om vir die Afrikaanse vraestel.

HOW TO COMPLETE THE ANSWER SHEET
The answers to all questions are integers from 0 to 999. Consider the following
example question:
21.
If 3x 216 = 0, determine the value of x.
The answer is 72, so you must complete the block for question 21 on the answer
sheet as follows: shade 0 in the hundreds row, 7 in the tens row, and 2 in the units
row:
Write the digits of your answer in the blank blocks on the left of the respective rows,
as shown in the example; hundreds, tens and units from top to bottom. The three
digits that you wrote down will not be marked, since it is only for your convenience
only the shaded circles will be marked.
Part A (4 marks each)

1.
What is the value of (5 1) + (0 2) ?
2.
How many positive factors of 128 are not factors of 120?
3.
Marks are drawn on a thin strip of paper dividing the strip into 4 equal lengths. Marks are
also drawn dividing the strip into 3 equal lengths. After the strip has been cut at each mark,
how many pieces will there be?
4.
For how many positive values of n are both
5.
When simplified, the fraction
2
5
n and 2n two-digit integers?
equals
1
2
2
0
1
5
Part B (5 marks each)

6.
In a group of 108 people, 1 in 4 of them has a pen and 1 in 3 has a pencil. What is the
minimum possible number of people that have something to write with?
7.
The smallest number bigger than 2015 that is divisible by all of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is
8.
If
9.
The circle centre O has radius 4 cm. If the area of

sector OPQ is 12 , and if the probability that a point
chosen randomly in the circle lies in the shaded sector
1
is
, then the value of n is
n
10.
The diagram shows a 6 cm by 8 cm

rectangle ABCD. The diagonals intersect
at point E. The midpoints of AE, BE, CE
and DE are joined with straight line segments.
The area of the shaded trapezium in cm2 is
11.
When a water-tank is 30% empty it has 30 litres more in it than when it is

30% full. How many litres can the tank hold when it is full?
n3
is a positive integer, then the remainder when n is divided by 13 is
13
12.
A shape consisting of 1000 small squares

is made by continuing the arrangement
shown.
If each small square has a side length of 1 cm, find the perimeter of the whole shape in cm.
13.
Points A1, A2, A3 are constructed as

A = 90
follows: the length OA1 is 4, OA
1 2
and the length A1A2 = 1; then a right angle is
constructed at A2 to find A3, and so on as
shown in the diagram.
The length of OA21 is
14.
If p, q, r and s are different prime numbers less than 20, what is the greatest possible value
pq
of
?
2r s
15.
The largest integer value of x such that 4 x divides exactly into 10 9 8 ... 3 2 1 is
Part C (6 marks each)

16.
Three circles and a rectangle touch each other

as shown. The radius of the larger circle is 9,
and the two smaller circles both have radius 4.
The length of a longer side of the rectangle is
17.
How many pairs of non-negative integers and are solutions of
18.
Black bricks, white bricks and grey bricks are laid to form
the pattern in the diagram. The three squares have the same
centre, and the diagonals of the squares have lengths 3, 4
and 5 respectively. If 120 bricks are needed for the central
grey area, then the number of black bricks needed is
19.
In the diagram, A, B, C, D and E must each

be replaced by one of five consecutive positive
integers, not necessarily in that order.
The numbers inside the triangle add up to 29.
The numbers inside the circle add up to 47.
The numbers inside the square add up to 30.
All five numbers add up to 75.
The value of C is
20.
The large quadrilateral shown has

2 right angles, and two of the sides
have lengths 7 cm and 10 cm. B and D are
on the other sides so that AB = 2 cm and
DC = 6 cm.
The area of the shaded quadrilateral
ABCD in cm2 is
x
y
1?
20 15

Organised by the
2015 THIRD ROUND

JUNIOR SECTION: GRADES 8 AND 9
29 July 2015
Time: 4 Hours
TOTAL: 100
Instructions
Answer all the questions.
All working details and explanations must be shown. Answers alone will not be
awarded full marks.
The neatness in your presentation of the solutions may be taken into account.
Diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale.
No calculator of any form may be used.
Use your time wisely and do not spend all your time on one question.
Answers and solutions will be available at: www.samf.ac.za

TEL: (012) 392-9372 FAX: (012) 392-9312
E-mail:info@samf.ac.za
Question 1
The diagram shows a 5 by 5 table.
M A T
M A
The top row contains the letters M, A, T, H and S.

The fourth row contains the letters M, A and T as shown.
The remaining squares must be filled with the
letters M, A, T, H and S such that such that no row,
column or diagonal contains the same letter
more than once.
Redraw and complete the table in your answer book.
[4]
Question 2
If the average of four different positive integers is 8, what is the largest possible
value of any one of these integers?
[4]
Question 3
How many zeroes will there be in the answer if the following number is divided by 111?
1110222222003333333330004444444444440000
[4]
Question 4
Eskom announces that there is a 60% chance of Stage 1 load shedding for a specific week.
In a specific suburb Stage 1 load shedding is from 10:00 to 12:30 on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday
and Sunday. What is the probability that in that specific suburb there will be load shedding at a
moment in the week, without knowing the day, or time or whether or not it is day or night?
[4]
Question 5
If we place a 3 at both ends of a number, its value is increased by 3372.
Find the original number.
[6]
1
Question 6
a)
What is the side-length of the largest solid cube you can build, using at most 500 unit cubes?
b)
By gluing some of the unit cubes together, you can build a cube that looks solid from any
point on the outside, but is hollow on the inside.
What is the side-length of the largest such cube you can build, using at most 500 unit cubes?
[6]
Question 7
Let A, B, and C be distinct points on a
straight line with AB = AC = 1.
Square ABDE and equilateral
triangle ACF are drawn on

the same side of line BC.
Lines EC and BF cut in G.
What is the size of EGB ?
C
[6]
Question 8
A rectangular sheet of paper can be
used to form a cylinder by joining
two opposite sides together:
OR
Should the short edges or the long edges be joined together to obtain the largest volume of the
cylinder?
NB: Show all your working!
[6]
2
Question 9
A stack of cubes are built such that there is 1 cube in the first layer, 3 in the second layer, 6 in the
third layer, and so on, as shown:
Stack 1
Stack 2
Stack 3
When these stacks are viewed as shown, we can see 9 edges in the first stack and 24 edges in the
second stack.
a)
How many edges are visible in the third stack?
b)
How many edges would be visible in a stack of 20 layers?
[8]
Question 10
Two players alternate placing 2 1 tiles, with no overlap,
on a 5 5 chessboard until no player can place a tile.
A number of 11 squares remain empty.
a)
Prove that there must be an odd number

of empty squares remaining.
b)
Of the empty squares remaining,

are more coloured black or white?
c)
What is the maximum number

of remaining squares?
[8]
Question 11
A new sequence is formed by deleting numbers from the sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, , 500 such that the
sum of any two numbers of the new sequence is never a multiple of seven.
What is the maximum length of the new sequence?
[8]
3
Question 12
Find three prime factors of:
52015 + 5 2016 + 52017 + 312016
NB: Show all your working!

[8]
Question 13
Prove that the alphanumeric below does not have a solution.

Note: Different letters represent different digits.
TWENTY
+TWENTY
CR I CKET
[8]
Question 14
Note:
The floor function x is defined as the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
E.g. 3, 6 = 3;
-3,5 = -4
3 = 3 .
and
7
x
If + = 2 , find all real solutions for x.
x
7
[10]
4
Question 15
DABE and DBCF are equilateral triangles
and ABCD is a square.
Prove that DDEF is an equilateral triangle.
[10]
Total: 100
THE END
NICE TO KNOW!
PLEASE NOTE: DO AT HOME NOT FOR THIS PAPERS PURPOSE!
See if you can figure out what (if anything) went wrong.
A farmer died leaving his 17 horses to his three sons.
When his sons opened up his last will and testament, it read:
My eldest son must get one half of my horses;

My middle son must get one third of my horses;
My youngest son must get one ninth of my horses.
As it is impossible to divide 17 into 2, 3 or 9, the three sons started to fight with each other.
So, they decided to go to a farmer friend who they considered quite smart, to see if he could
work it out for them.
The farmer friend read the farmers last will and testament patiently and after given it due
thought, he brought one of his own horses over and added it to the 17. That increased the total
to 18 horses.
Now, he divided the horses according to their fathers last will and testament.
1
of 18 = 9. So he gave the eldest son 9 horses.
2
1
of 18 = 6. So he gave the middle son 6 horses.
3
1
of 18 = 2. So he gave the youngest son 2 horses.
9
Here is the horses each son got:

Eldest son:
Middle son:
Youngest son:
TOTAL:
17.
Now this leaves one horse over, so the farmers friend took his own horse back to his farm.
Problem Solved! Or is it?

Organised by the
2014 FIRST ROUND

13 March 2014
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D
and E. Only one of these is correct.
2. Scoring rules:
3. You must use an HB pencil. Rough work paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted. Calculators and geometry
instruments are not permitted.


Grade 8 First Round 2014
1.
The value of
(A) 0
2.
(D) 4
(E) 5
(B) 3
5
6 7
(C) 7
(D) 8
(E) 9
(B) 240
(C) 72
(D) 36
(E) 0
Some squares in a grid have been filled in. If the picture

must be symmetrical about the diagonal line, more squares need
to be shaded. When that has been done the maximum number of
small squares not shaded is
(A) 3
5.
(C) 2
360 20 24 300 =
(A) 360
4.
(B) 1
In the grid the three numbers in each horizontal row,

vertical column and diagonal add up to 15. The
value of x is
(A) 0
3.
2 0 1 4
is
2 0 1 4
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D)
(E) 7
Two identical squares meet at a vertex

as shown. The size of the angle marked x is
(A) 105
(B) 120
(C) 130
(D) 150
(E) 160
6.
Which of the following is an odd number?

(A)
2+014
(B)
20+14
(D) 2 + 0 1 + 4
7.
2+0+14
The product of three prime numbers is 42. The sum of these three numbers is
(A) 12
8.
(E)
(C) 2 0 + 1 + 4
(B) 13
(C) 14
(D) 15
(E) 16
If the pattern shown is continued, the number that will appear directly below 49 is
1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
.......
(A) 63
9.
Let
(B) 64
be defined as ab c. The value of
(A) 17
10.
(C) 65
(B) 18
(C) 19
(D) 66
(E) 67
is
(D) 20
(E) 21
(D) 21
(E) 23
Some arrangements of blocks are

shown in the diagram:
The number of blocks in Pattern 10 is
(A) 15
11.
(B) 17
(C) 19
A 10 8 grid is made up of squares each with side 1 cm.

The area of the shaded region is
(A) 10 cm2
(B) 16 cm2
(C) 20 cm2
(D) 24 cm2
(E) 28 cm2
12.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Boris has been training for four weeks. Each week

he records the total distance he ran that week in a
bar graph. How far must he run in the fifth week
for his average distance per week to be 60 km?
(A) 20 km
13.
1
6
(E) 100 km
(B)
1
12
(C)
1
18
(D)
1
36
(E)
1
72
(B) 30 cm2
(C) 32 cm2
(D) 36 cm2
(E) 40 cm2
(D) 30
(E) 36
A cube has all its corners cut off as shown.

How many edges does the solid have now?
(A) 12
16.
(D) 80 km
A rectangle of length 10 cm has a triangle shaded in

it, as shown. The length CP is 2 cm and the shaded
area is 12 cm2. The area of the rectangle is
(A) 28 cm2
15.
(C) 60 km
Three normal dice are rolled. The probability that they all show the same number is
(A)
14.
(B) 40 km
(B) 18
(C) 24
A rectangle is divided into four smaller rectangles by

lines parallel to its sides. The areas of three of the
small rectangles are given in the diagram, which is
not drawn to scale. The area of the fourth small
rectangle is
(A) 25
(B) 30
(C) 35
(D) 40
(E) 45
17.
The value of
(A) 4
18.
(B) 9
is
(C) 27
(D) 36
(E) 81
(B) 27 cm2
(C) 30 cm2
(D) 36 cm2
(E) 40 cm2
A square is divided into four identical rectangles as shown.

The perimeter of each of the four rectangles is 20 units.
The perimeter of the square is
(A) 28 units
20.
P is the midpoint of side BC of a rectangle, and Q is the

midpoint of side DC. The area of rectangle ABCD is
72 cm2. The area of triangle APQ is
(A) 21 cm2
19.
(B) 32 units
(C) 36 units
(D) 40 units
(E) 48 units
Four points are on a line segment as shown below. If AB : BC = 1 : 3 and BC : CD = 9 : 5

then AB : BD is
(A) 3 : 14
(B) 1 : 4
(C) 2 : 9
(D) 1 : 5
(E) 1 : 6

Organised by the
2014 FIRST ROUND

13 March 2014
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
2. Scoring rules:


Grade 9 First Round 2014

1.
Two identical squares meet at a vertex

as shown. The size of the angle marked x is
(A) 105
2.
(B) 13
Let
(B) 3
The value of
(A) 4
6.
(D) 150
(E) 160
(C) 6
(B) 18
(B) 9
(D) 15
(E) 16
60.01
3.96 ?
0.98
be defined as ab c. The value of
(A) 17
5.
(C) 14
Which integer is nearest in value to

(A) 0
4.
(C) 130
The product of three prime numbers is 42. The sum of these three numbers is
(A) 12
3.
(B) 120
(D) 8
(E) 9
is
(C) 19
(D) 20
(E) 21
(C) 27
(D) 36
(E) 81
is
A 10 8 grid is made up of squares each with side 1 cm.

The area of the shaded region is
(A) 10 cm2
(B) 16 cm2
(C) 20 cm2
(D) 24 cm2
(E) 28 cm2
7.
A rectangle has one corner placed at the centre of a quarter-circle and

the opposite corner on the circumference of the circle. If the rectangle
has width 6 cm and length 8 cm, then the shaded area in cm2 is
(A) 9 48
8.
(D) 36 48
(E) 49 48
(B) 36
(C) 40
(D) 45
(E) 46
If x = w + 5, w = y 3 and y = 2, then the value of x is

(A) 0
10.
(C) 25 48
In ABC, AC = AB. P is a point on AC so that

BP = BC. If C = 70, then the size of the angle marked x is
(A) 30
9.
(B) 16 48
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
Boris has been training for four weeks. Each week

he records the total distance he ran that week in a
bar graph. How far must he run in the fifth week
for his average distance per week to be 60 km?
(E) 4
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1
(A) 20 km
11.
(B) 40 km
(C) 60 km
(D) 80 km
(E) 100 km
Three normal dice are rolled. The probability that they all show the same number is
(A)
1
6
(B)
1
12
(C)
1
18
(D)
1
36
(E)
1
72
12.
A rectangle is divided into four rectangles by two perpendicular

lines. The perimeters of these smaller rectangles are 4, 5, 6 and 7.
The perimeter of the original rectangle is
(A) 11
13.
(D) 20
(E) 22
(B) 29 m
(C) 31 m
(D) 33 m
(E) 35 m
P is the midpoint of side BC of a rectangle, and Q is the

midpoint of side DC. The area of rectangle ABCD is
72 cm2. The area of triangle APQ is
(A) 21 cm2
15.
(C) 17
A school corridor has three

sections at right angles. Some
dimensions are given. The length
of the dashed line down the centre
of the corridor is
(A) 27 m
14.
(B) 14
(B) 27 cm2
(C) 30 cm2
(D) 36 cm2
(E) 40 cm2
Four points are on a line segment as shown below. If AB : BC = 1 : 3 and BC : CD = 9 : 5

then AB : BD is
(A) 3 : 14
(B) 1 : 4
(C) 2 : 9
(D) 1 : 5
(E) 1 : 6
16.
The value of 202 (652 632) is

(A) 120
17.
(C) 169
(D) 180
(E) 200
(D) 103
(E) 104
The last digit of 5n 2n is 7, so n could be

(A) 100
18.
(B) 144
(B) 101
(C) 102
The shape alongside, made up of seven equal squares, is

divided into two parts of equal area by the line shown.
The line cuts the shape at points E and F.
If the sum of the lengths AE and CF is 56 cm, the area of
each individual square is
(A) 144 cm2
19.
(C) 189 cm2
(D) 225 cm2
(E) 256 cm2
A two-digit number is chosen and its digits are added together. When this original number is
increased by 5, the new sum of digits is double what it was originally. The number of two-digit
numbers for which this is possible is
(A) 6
20.
(B) 169 cm2
(B) 5
(C) 4
(D) 3
(E) 2
The diagram shows a rectangle PQRS with a

semicircle on PQ as diameter. The length of PQ
is 2 units.
The area that is inside the rectangle but outside
the semicircle is equal to the area that is
inside the semicircle but outside the rectangle.
The length of PS is
(A)
2
3
(B)
(C)
(D)
2
5
(E)

SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD
Organisedbythe
2014SECONDROUND
JUNIORSECTION:GRADE8&9
13May2014
Time:120minutes Numberofquestions:20
Instructions
1. Theanswerstoallquestionsareintegersfrom0to999.Eachquestionhasonlyonecorrectanswer.
2. Scoringrules:
2.1. Eachcorrectanswerisworth4marksinPartA,5marksinPartBand6marksinPartC.
2.2. Thereisnopenaltyforanincorrectansweroranyunansweredquestion.
3. YoumustuseanHBpencil.Roughworkpaper,arulerandaneraserarepermitted.Calculatorsandgeometry
instrumentsarenotpermitted.
4. Figuresarenotnecessarilydrawntoscale.
5. Indicateyouranswersonthesheetprovided.
6. Startwhentheinvigilatortellsyoutodoso.
7. Answersandsolutionswillbeavailableatwww.samf.ac.za
Donotturnthepageuntilyouaretoldtodoso.
DraaidieboekieomvirdieAfrikaansevraestel.

HOWTOCOMPLETETHEANSWERSHEET
Theanswerstoallquestionsareintegersfrom0to999.Considerthefollowing
examplequestion:
21.
If3x216=0,determinethevalueofx.
Theansweris72,soyoumustcompletetheblockforquestion21ontheanswer
sheetasfollows:shade0inthehundredsrow,7inthetensrow,and2intheunits
row:
Writethedigitsofyouranswerintheblankblocksontheleftoftherespectiverows,
asshownintheexample;hundreds,tensandunitsfromtoptobottom.Thethree
digitsthatyouwrotedownwillnotbemarked,sinceitisonlyforyourconvenience
onlytheshadedcircleswillbemarked.
201 4 (2 0 1) 4 ?
1.
What is the value of
2.
O is the centre of the circle through A, B and C.

CB is parallel to OA and
What is the size of
3.
= 70.
OAB
in degrees?
COB
and ABC
are right angles. What is the length of AB? A
ADC
4
D
4.
What is the smallest natural number K so that 315 K is a perfect square?
5.
How many times in a 24-hour day do the hands on a 12-hour clock point
in exactly the same direction?
B
1
C

6.
In the diagram, SAMF is a parallelogram. Point R cuts SA in the ratio 1:3 while point P cuts FM in
the ratio 3:1. The length of RP is 8. If the perimeter of SAMF is 52, find the perimeter of RAMP.
A
8
F
7.
What is the smallest prime number that divides exactly into 312 + 513 + 714 + 1115 ?
8.
Divide 77 into three parts so that one of the parts is one-and-a-half times each of the other two.
What is the value of the largest part?
9.
8 pieces of string are lying on the floor and I pick up two of the ends at random.
1
If the probability that I am holding the two ends of the same piece of string is , what
k
is the value of k?
10.
Identical rectangles of length 4 and breadth 1 are arranged on a plane as shown. Find the total
perimeter of the shape.
11.
In the figure shown, ABCD and CDEF are rectangles, AB = 9 and BC = 6. Determine the area of
the shaded region in square units.
12.
In the sequence of numbers 1, 4, 3, each term after the first two is calculated as the term
preceding it minus the term preceding that. So, for example, the third term is the second term
minus the first term, i.e. 3 = 4 1. Find the sum of the first 2014 terms of the sequence.
13.
How many positive two-digit numbers become bigger when their digits are reversed?
14.
A circle starts with a radius of 5 cm and its circumference is increasing at a rate of cm each
minute. How many minutes will it take for the area to become four times as big as at the start?
15.
How many two-digit numbers N have the property that the sum of N and the number formed by
reversing the digits of N is a perfect square?

16.
A game requires an L-shaped piece to be placed on

a 33 grid and then a round piece to be placed in any
one of the remaining squares. The L-shaped piece can
be picked up and turned over or rotated but must exactly
cover 4 squares.
In how many different ways can the pieces be placed?
17.
In the grid alongside, the sum of each row and of each

column is the same.
What must be the value of x y?
18.
The square SAMF has an area of 169. It contains two

overlapping squares. The smaller of these squares has
an area that is one quarter of the larger of them, and the
area of their overlap is 4. What is the area of the shaded
region?
19.
Four people put their hats on the table as they arrive. When they leave, each person picks up one hat.
It so happens that no-one has picked up his own hat. In how many ways can this have happened?
20.
The numbers 1 to 2014 are arranged in columns as shown:

a
b
c
d
e
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
9
10
11
12
16
15
14
13
How many multiples of 3 are in column e?

Organised by the
2014 THIRD ROUND

12 September 2014
Time: 4 Hours
TOTAL: 100
Instructions
awarded full marks.
This paper consists of 15 questions for a total of 100 marks as indicated.

TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 392-9312
E-mail:ellie@samf.ac.za
Question 1
What is the largest 5-digit number that is a multiple of 9, but which has no two digits the same?
[4]
Question 2
Find the area of the shaded region.
The grid is made up of 1 cm 1 cm squares.
Vertices of the shape lie on the corners of squares.
1 cm
[4]
1 cm
Question 3
5 factorial, written as 5! is defined as 5! = 5 4 3 2 1 ; also 3! = 3 2 1 .
In general: n! = n (n - 1) (n - 2) ... 3 2 1.
If 10! = ( a !) (b !) (c !) and a b c 0, find a, b and c.
[6]
Question 4
3
On the six-by-six (6 6) grid we need to place
One (3 1) rectangle
Two (2 1) rectangles and
Three (1 1) squares, so that none of the
above figures touch each other,
1
4
not even diagonally.

The rectangles may be placed vertically
One
rectangle
Two
rectangles
Three
squares
or horizontally within the grid.

The numbers at the bottom and on the right
of the grid show how many squares in the
corresponding rows and columns are occupied by the figures.
One square, which is part of a rectangle or one of the square figures is indicated on the grid.
Show on the grid where all six figures are located by colouring in the squares.
[6]
1
Question 5
The sum of four positive integers is 396. If 5 is added to the first number, 5 is subtracted from the
second, the third is multiplied by 5 and the fourth is divided by 5, we get four equal positive integers.
Find the four original integers.
[5]
Question 6
You are given a set of scales.

The black and white rods on which the pans are hanging are all of exactly the same length and the
weight of the rods and pans can be ignored.
Assign the weights of 3 kg; 4 kg; 5 kg; 6 kg and 7 kg to the scales A, B, C, D and E
such that the scales balance.
C
[5]
Question 7
Bangkok is East of Johannesburg and New York is West of Johannesburg.
New York
Bangkok
Johannesburg
Flight time from Johannesburg to Bangkok is 11 hours and 40 minutes and the time difference is
7 hours.
Flight time Johannesburg to New York is 15 hours and the time difference is 8 hours.
Flight time New York to Bangkok is 17 hours.
If I depart from Johannesburg at 06h00 (SA time) and fly to New York, stop over there for 24 hours
and then fly to Bangkok, what will the local Bangkok time be when I arrive there?
[6]
Question 8
The diagram shows two squares A and B inside
a bigger square.
Find the ratio of the area of A to the area of B.
B
[6]
Question 9
The number N is the product of two primes.
The sum of the positive divisors of N that are less than N is 2014.
Find the value of N.
[6]
Question 10
Jack and Gill play a game on a grid of white squares. They take turns in colouring in any size
squares (i.e. 1 1 or 2 2 or 3 3 etc. ) which are still white.
The last player who is able to colour in a square, wins.
(a)
If Gill starts the game on a 5 by 3 board, can she definitely win?

If so, what is her strategy to force a win?
(b)
If Gill starts, can she always win on a 20 by 14 grid?

If so, describe her strategy.
(c)
Show that on an odd-by-odd grid of squares, if Gill starts, she can always win.
Describe the strategy she will use to force a win.
[10]
Question 11
For a positive integer n, the n th triangular number is T (n) =
(a)
n( n + 1)
.
2
There is one positive integer, k, such that:

T (4) + T ( k ) = T (10)
Determine k.
(b)
Determine the smallest value of the integer b, where b > 2014, such that
T (b + 1) - T (b) = T ( x) for some positive integer x.
[8]
Question 12
Spider
In a rectangular room (a cuboid) with dimensions
2,5 m
Fly
11 m by 2,5 m by 2,5 m, a spider is located in the

middle of one 2,5 m by 2,5 m wall 0,5 metres below
2,5 m
the ceiling.
11 m
A fly is in the middle of the opposite wall, 0,5 metres above the floor.
If the fly remains stationary, what is the shortest total distance the spider must crawl along the
walls, ceiling, and/or floor in order to capture the fly?
Note: The answer is NOT 13,5 m
[8]
Question 13
Y
Ten points, P, Q, R, , Y, are equally spaced around
X
a circle of radius one unit.

What is the difference in the lengths
of the lines PQ and PS?
V
T
U
[8]
Question 14
In the sum
a c
+ each letter represents a distinct digit picked from 1 to 9.
b d
Find the biggest sum less than 1.

[8]
Question 15
The table cloth in the picture consists of squares with differently coloured circles at their vertices.
In black indicated, you can see a 3-by-3 square containing 8 yellow circles.
How many yellow circles are there on a n-by-n square?
[10]
Total: 100
THE END
6

OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2013 FIRST ROUND

14 March 2013
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and E. Only one
2. Scoring rules:


TEL: (012) 392-9323 Email: ellie@samf.ac.za
1.
If January 1st 1985 was a Tuesday, how many Tuesdays were there in 1985?
(A) 50
2.
(E) 54
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 4
(B) 2
(C) 6
(D)
(E) 9
(B) 25
(C) 40
(D)
99
(E) 100
1
4
(B)
1
3
(C)
n+2
gets closer and closer to
2n + 1
1
2
(D) 1
(E) 1,5
A bathroom floor is covered by square tiles: the floor is 5 tiles wide and 8 tiles long. If one of the
floor tiles is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is at the edge of the floor?
(A)
7.
(B) 1
As n gets larger and larger the value of
(A)
6.
53
(2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 50) (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 49) =

(A) 23
5.
(D)
The three digit number 7d2 is divisible by 3 and by 11. The digit d must be
(A) 1
4.
(C) 52
When 30012 is written as a normal number (in the decimal system), the number of times
the digit 0 appears is
(A) 0
3.
(B) 51
19
40
(B)
1
2
(C)
21
40
(D)
11
20
(E)
23
40
A circle is divided into four sectors. Angle A is 23 the angle C

while angle D is twice angle B. Angles B and C are supplementary.
The size of angle C is
(A) 100
(B) 110
(C) 120
(D) 135
(E) 145
8.
ABCD is a rectangle, and BP = 2 units with AD = 7 units.

= CAD
.The length of AP is
PAC
(A)
9.
15
1
50
(B) 2
(C) 8
(D) 5
(E) 7
(B) 1
(C) 1,5
(D) 2
(E) 2,1
(B)
1
100
(C)
(D)
(E)
99
100
49
50
1
25
(B) 47
(C) 48
(D) 49
(E) 50
A set of 12 numbers has average 18, but the smallest and largest have average 28. What is the
average of the others?
(A) 14
14.
(E) 5
A petrol tank weighs 34 kg when empty and 58 kg when full. Its weight in kg when it is two-thirds
full is
(A) 46
13.
18
1
(1 13 )(1 14 )(1 51 )...(1 100
)=
(A)
12.
(D)
The diagram shows two concentric circles. If the circumference of one

exceeds the circumference of the other by 6 cm, then its radius exceeds
the other radius by approximately (in cm)
(A) 0,5
11.
(C) 4
The decimal form of 37 is the recurring decimal 0.428571428571........ The digit in the 2013th
decimal place is
(A) 4
10.
(B) 3
(B) 15
(C) 16
(D) 17
(E) 18
Four teams play in a knock-out tournament (which means that two pairs compete, and the two
winners then play each other). Team A beat Team D, and Team B beat Team A.
Who beat Team C?
(A) B only
(B) A only
(C) D only
(D) B and A
(E) B and D
15.
In the sequence 5; 11; 17; ...... how many terms are smaller than 1000?
(A) 163
16.
(B) 90
(C) 80
(D) 70
(E) 60
(B) 5m f
(C) m 5f
(D)
5m f
(E) m + f 5
(B) 16
(C) 18
(D) 19
(E) 20
How many factors does the product 11 13 17 19 have?

(A) 8
20.
(E) 175
The positive integers are written in a long sequence 12345678910111213........ When the sequence
contains 100 digits, how many of those are 1s?
(A) 14
19.
(D) 172
It has been observed that in a herd of gazelle there is always at least one male for every 5
females. If m is the number of males and f the number of females, which is true?
(A) m 5f
18.
(C) 169
M is the midpoint of AB and is joined to the third vertex

of ABC, with MC = AM = MB. The value of x + y is
(A) 100
17.
(B) 166
(B) 10
(C) 12
(D) 16
(E) 24
A certain value increases by a fixed amount each year. If the increase during the first year
was 10%, then the percentage increase during the third year was
(A) 7.5
(B) 8
(C) 8.33
(D) 9
(E) 9.5
The SA Mathematics Olympiad Training Programme is a free distance-learning

problem solving course for high school learners, presented by the SAMF. All you
have to do to participate is to complete an application form online at
http://www.samf.ac.za/SAMO_Training or phone 012 392 9362 for an application
form.

OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2013 FIRST ROUND

14 March 2013
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
2. Scoring rules:


1.
10,1 + 1,01 =
(A) 11,01
2.
19
40
(C) 52
(D)
53
(E) 54
(B) 2
(C) 6
(D)
(E) 9
(B) 2
(C) 8
(D)
(E) 7
(B) 25
(C) 40
(D)
99
(E) 100
(B)
(C)
1
2
21
40
(D)
11
20
(E)
23
40
A circle is divided into four regions by radii. Angle A is 23 the angle

C while angle D is twice angle B. Angles B and C are supplementary.
Angle C is
(A) 100
8.
(B) 51
A bathroom floor is covered by square tiles: the floor is 5 tiles wide and 8 tiles long. If one of
the floor tiles is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is at the edge of the floor?
(A)
7.
(E) 10,01
(2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 50) (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 49) =

(A) 23
6.
1,1001
The decimal form of 37 is the recurring decimal 0,428571428571........ The digit in

the 2013th decimal place is
(A) 4
5.
(D)
The three digit number 7d2 is divisible by 3 and by 11. The digit d must be
(A) 1
4.
(C) 11,11
If 1st January 1985 was a Tuesday, how many Tuesdays were there in 1985?
(A) 50
3.
(B) 10,11
(B) 110
(C) 120
(D) 135
(E) 145
(D)
(E) 60
ABCD is a parallelogram. BP = DP = BC.

The size of x is
(A) 52
(B) 54
(C) 56
58
9.
How many zeros are there in the result of 56752 43252?

(A) 2
10.
(B) 3
A+a
1
4
(C) 40
(D) 39
(E) 38
A
2
(B)
(B)
1
3
(C)
(C)
( A a)
a
2
(D)
(E)
n+2
gets closer and closer to
2n + 1
1
2
(D) 1
(E) 2
The sequence 123456789123456789123... is continued until the sum of all the

digits used is 460. The last digit in the sequence is
(A) 3
14.
(B) 41
As n gets larger and larger the value of
(A)
13.
(E) 6
Two semicircles are placed in a rectangle of length A. The

shortest distance between the semicircles is a. The total area
of the semicircles (shaded) is
(A)
12.
(D) 5
P is a point on side AB of the right-angled triangle ABC.

The distances of P from the vertices of the triangle are as
shown. The length of BC is
(A) 42
11.
(C) 4
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D)
(E) 7
P and M are points on side AC of the right-angled triangle ABC. AB = BM, and
BP is perpendicular to AC. Which statement is not necessarily true?
A
P = PB
M
AB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(A) 1
= BM
A
A
P = MB
C
AB
P
M
= PB
M
C
APB = BPM
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
Aa
15.
I have five books, one of each colour red, yellow, green, blue, white. In how many ways can I
place them in a row?
(A) 5
16.
(B) 10
(B) 3
2 1
(D) 5
(E) 6
2 +1
(B)
(C)
2 22
3 1
(D)
(E)
52
(B) 15
(C) 16
(D) 17
(E) 18
Five identical rectangles are placed to form a new rectangle.

The width of the new rectangle is 15 cm. The area of the
big rectangle (in cm2) is
(A) 270
20.
(C) 4
A set of 12 numbers has an average of 18, but the smallest and largest have an average of 28.
What is the average of the others?
(A) 14
19.
(E) 120
A rectangular sheet of paper with sides 2 and 1 has

been folded as shown, so that one corner meets the
opposite long edge. The length d is
(A)
18.
(D) 60
The number in each box is the product of the numbers in the two boxes below it.
In this case the value of xy is
(A) 2
17.
(C) 30
(B) 300
(C) 330
(D) 360
(E) 450
The long sides of a rectangle are divided into four equal

parts and the short sides are divided into three equal parts.
One point on a short side is joined to all the others. The
fraction of the original rectangle that is shaded is
(A)
3
4
(B)
1
2
(C)
7
12
(D)
6
11
(E)
13
24

OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2013 SECOND ROUND

JUNIOR SECTION: GRADE 8 & 9
14 May 2013
Time: 120 minutes
Instructions
1. The answers to all questions are integers from 0 to 999. Each question has only one correct answer.
2. Scoring rules:
2.1. Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in Part A, 5 marks in Part B and 6 marks in Part C.


HOW TO COMPLETE THE ANSWER SHEET

The answers to all questions are integers from 0 to 999. Consider the following
example question:
21.
If 3x 216 = 0, determine the value of x.
The answer is 72, so you must complete the block for question 21 on the answer
sheet as follows: shade 0 in the hundreds row, 7 in the tens row, and 2 in the units
row:
Write the digits of your answer in the blank blocks on the left of the respective rows,
as shown in the example; hundreds, tens and units from top to bottom. The three
digits that you wrote down will not be marked, since it is only for your convenience
only the shaded circles will be marked.

problem solving course for high school learners, presented by the SAMF.
All you have to do to participate is to complete an application form online at
http://www.samf.ac.za/SAMO_Training or phone 012 392 9362

1.
What is the value of (1 + 74 ) (1 143 ) ?
2.
Oleg thinks of a number, doubles it and adds 1. Ravi starts with the same number, but subtracts 2
and then multiplies by 3. If Oleg and Ravi have the same final result, what was the original
number?
3.
Twelve identical wooden cubes are packed on one level in a rectangular tray. What is
the minimum perimeter that tray can have if the cubes have a side length of 2 units?
4.
The proper factors of a number are those factors of it that are not 1 or the number itself.
What is the sum of the two largest proper factors of 2013?
5.
Bottles are packed in boxes of either 6 or 12. The number of small boxes must be at least
half the number of big boxes. If 240 bottles are to be boxed, what is the minimum
number of boxes needed?

6.
What is the value of 1032 + 1012 1002 1022 ?
7.
If ab = 2, bc = 12 and ac= 6 with a, b and c all natural numbers, what is the value
of a + b + c?
8.
If x and y are whole numbers between 39 and

x + y have?
9.
If 2A + 3B = 8 and 3A + 2B = 12, what is the value of 4A + 4B ?
10.
Jane has three shirts, four skirts and some belts. Every combination of shirt, skirt and belt is
an outfit, and Jane knows she can wear at least 50 different outfits. What is the minimum
number of belts she must have?
11.
ABC is a right-angled triangle, and points P,Q R are chosen on

the sides so that AP = AQ, CP = CR. What is the value of x ?
12.
How many numbers in the sequence 6; 66; 666; 6666; ... are perfect squares?
224 , then how many different values can
21000 + 21008
?
21001 + 21001
13.
Which integer is closest in value to
14.
The figure shows five straight lines all

passing through the same point, with some
segments joined to form five triangles.
What is the value of a + b + c + ... + j ?
15.
When two identical rectangles overlap as shown, the area

of the overlap is exactly half the total area covered by the
two rectangles. If AD has a length 2 cm, what is the value of
AC2 in cm2?

16.
In the figure the square with side length 8 has two vertices on
the circle, and one side touching the circle.
What is the length of the radius of the circle?
17.
How many multiples of 4 less than 1000 (excluding 4 itself) do not contain any of the
digits 6, 7, 8, 9 or 0?
18.
The natural numbers are written in seven columns:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17
If the number of columns is changed to m, then 114 appears in the same column as 70, and
208 is one column to the right of 152. What is the value of m?
19.
Equal arcs with centres at the ends of a diameter of a circle intersect

each other on that same circle. If the length of the radius of the whole
circle is 4 m, what is the area of the shaded region in m2?
20.
Some positive integers have cubes whose last two digits are 88. What is the sum of the
two smallest such integers?
HARMONY SOUTH AFRICAN

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD
Organised by the SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS FOUNDATION

THIRD ROUND 2013
9 SEPTEMBER 2013
TIME: 4 HOURS
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 15
TOTAL: 100
Instructions
awarded full marks.
DO NOT TURN THE PAGE

UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 392-9312
Organizations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society, SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns
Question 1
How many digits does the number 2013 have?
[4]
Question 2
A palindromic number is a number that reads the same when its digits are reversed,
e.g. 1623261.
What is the largest palindromic 8-digit number which is exactly divisible by 45?
[6]
Question 3
a)
68o
Calculate the value of P + Q.

90o
Q
P
54o
45o
b)
Prove that P + Q = a + b + c + d.
b
a
Q
P
c
[6]
Question 4
This is a real image of a Zimbabwean bank note:
The thickness of one of these Zimbabwean bank notes is 0,1 mm. If we stack twenty trillion (short
scale see below) such notes on top of each other, how high would the pile be?
a) To the roof of your classroom?
b) As high as the Telkom tower in Pretoria?
c) As high as Table Mountain?
d) As high as Mount Everest?
e) As high as a 747 Jet flies from King Shaka International to Oliver Thambo International
airport?
f) Higher than to the moon?
Explain your answer.
[4]
Nice to know:
There are different number naming systems which sometimes create confusion.
Value in
Scientific
notation
10 6
10 9
1012
1015
1018
etc.
Value in
numerals
Short Scale
Name
1 000 000
1 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000 000
etc.
Logic
million
1 0001 0001
billion
1 0001 0002
trillion
1 0001 0003
quadrillion
1 0001 0004
quintillion
1 0001 0005
To get from one named order of
magnitude to the next:
multiply by 1 000
Long Scale
Name
million
thousand million or milliard
billion
thousand billion or billiard
trillion
To get from one named order of
magnitude to the next:
multiply by 1 000 000
Logic
1 000 0001
1 000 0002
1 000 0003
The word milliard, or its translation, is found in many European languages and is used in those
languages for 109. However, it is unknown in American English, which uses billion, and not used in
British English, which preferred to use thousand million.
The root mil in "million" refers to the Latin word for "thousand" (milia).
The word million derives from the Old French milion from the earlier Old Italian milione, an
intensification of mille, a thousand.
2
Question 5
The Fibonacci sequence is given by 1; 1; 2; 3; 5; 8; 13; 21; , where the next number is
generated by summing the previous two. Fibonacci numbers were made famous by the rabbit
problem, because it explained rabbit breeding. It is less well-known that one can also use Fibonacci
numbers to convert miles to kilometers.
To do so, one must realise that every positive integer can be uniquely expressed as the sum of
different, non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. To convert integer miles into kilometres, miles are
expressed as the unique sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers, then each Fibonacci number is
changed to the next Fibonacci number. The new sum approximately gives the kilometres.
For example, 50 miles = 34 + 13 + 3 miles, where each number on the right hand side is a Fibonacci
number. Using the conversion above, the right-hand side becomes
55 + 21 + 5 km = 81 km.
Now use this method to convert 120 miles into kilometres. Show your working.
[6]
[You might want to check your answer
by using the conversion on the cartoon.]
Question 6
All boxes in a 3 3 table are occupied by zeroes. Suppose that we can choose any
2 2 sub-table and increase all the numbers in it by 1.
Example:
Possible next two moves:
Prove that we cannot obtain the table below using these operations.
4
10
18
12
13
7
[6]
3
Question 7
a) Find all integers a and b such that
(a b 15)2 31 8 15
b) Find the value of

31 8 15 31 8 15
[6]
Question 8
The game of TacTic is a board game for two people.
i) During a turn, a player selects a row or column and removes at least one stone,
or any number of adjacent stones from that row or column.
ii) The player, who removes the last stone(s) from the board, wins.
It is your turn.
a) Describe all possible first moves to guarantee a win for this configuration.
b) Find a winning move for this configuration and explain why it works.
[8]
Question 9
In a certain city all the skyscrapers are arranged in a square grid and each has either one, two, three
or four storeys. Jonathan is surveying 4 4 sections of the city and noting how many skyscrapers he
can see from a certain position in a certain direction. For example, Jonathan came across the
following section of the city (viewed from the top):
Each number represents the number of storeys in

the building located there.
He jots down the following data:
E.g. Viewing from the circled position Jonathan

can see three buildings, one with 2 storeys,
one with 3 storeys and one with 4 storeys.
The building with 1 storey is hidden behind
the building with 2 storeys.
Suppose Jonathan jots down the following data for a different city:
4
Jonathan knows that each row and each column in

the grid contains exactly one of each of the
numbers 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 (storeys of the buildings).
Complete the grid by filling in the missing
numbers (storeys).
1
[6]
Question 10
Molly and Fred had an argument about the next term in the sequence:
2; 4; 6;
Molly says it is 8.
Fred says it is 4, which he got by using the formula:
Tn 2n k (n 1)(n 2)(n 3) , where k = 2.
a) What is the fifth term in Freds sequence?

b) Find a formula that defines the sequence:
2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 38 ; ?
[6]
Question 11
a) The number 15 can be written as 7 + 8 or 4 + 5 + 6 or 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 (the sum of 2
consecutive integers, 3 consecutive integers and 5 consecutive integers).
Find a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of 3 consecutive integers,
5 consecutive integers and 7 consecutive integers.
b) Prove that if an integer n can be written as the sum of p consecutive integers
where p is odd, then n is divisible by p.
[8]
Question 12
Four regular dodecagons (12-sided shapes) are placed as shown.
If each side has length 1, what is the area of the black region?
You will be given four

Canadian 1c coins
(dodecagons) which you
may use.
You may keep the coins
as a souvenir.
[6]
6
Question 13
Let A be any set of 19 numbers chosen from the arithmetic progression
1; 4; 7; 10; 13; 16: ; 100.
Prove that there will always be two numbers in A whose sum is 104.
[8]
Question 14
a) The numbers 1 through 12 must be filled into
the circles such that the sum along each line
is 32. Do it!
b) Prove that it is impossible to arrange the numbers 1 through 12 such that each sum is 31.
c) The numbers 1 through 12 are arranged in the circles such that each sum is S.
What are the possible values of S?
[10]
Question 15
If ABC has sides of length a, b and c,
then we define the semi-perimeter, s, by:
s
abc
2
c
b
B
C
The area of ABC is given by Herons Formula: K s(s a)(s b)(s c)

a) If ABC has sides of lengths with the consecutive integers 13, 14, and 15, show that the
area is twice the perimeter.
b) Find all sets of 3 consecutive even integers such that the triangle with sides of these lengths
has an area exactly equal to its perimeter.
[10]
Total: 100
THE END

OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2012 FIRST ROUND

19 March 2012
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and E.
Only one of these is correct.
2. Scoring rules:


1.
Which of the following is the largest?

(A) 2,010
2.
(E) 202,312
(B) 31
(C) 15
(D) 13
(E) 25
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 6
(B) 30
(C) 34
(D) 38
(E) 40
(B) 18
(C) 19
(D) 20
Another One Free!

(E) 21
(B) 11
(C) 12
(D) 13
(E) 14
(D) 6
(E) 5
The number 41x356 is divisible by 9. The digit x is

(A) 9
9.
(D) 203,212
If the square roots of the natural numbers from 1 to 200 are written down, how many of
them are whole numbers?
(A) 10
8.
(C) 201,32
A shop promoting soap bars encourages you to Buy Three Get

If you want 23 bars, what is the least number you have to pay for?
(A) 17
7.
(B) 203,032
The value of x is
(A) 28
6.
(E) 2,101
The number of positive even factors of 18 is

(A) 0
5.
(D) 2,011
23 + 32 is equal to
(A) 17
4.
(C) 2,100
2,012 + 201,2 =
(A) 203,32
3.
(B) 2,001
(B) 8
(C) 7
South America and Africa are drifting apart at 30 cm per century. Approximately how
many millimetres is that per week?
(A) 60
(B) 30
(C) 6
(D) 0,6
(E) 0,06
10.
Two primes add up to 36. Their product is not

(A) 323
11.
(E) 161
(B) 4
(C) 3
(D) 2
(E) 1
(B) 11
(C) 13
(D) 15
(E) 17
A racing cyclist circles the cycling track every 2 minutes and 40 seconds. How many full
laps will he complete in four hours at the same rate?
(A) 80
14.
(D) 203
If n* means 2n + 1, then the value of (3*)* is

(A) 9
13.
(C) 155
John says a number out loud; Jane doubles it but Rebecca multiplies it by 5 and then
subtracts 6. Both girls get the same result. The number John mentioned was
(A) 5
12.
(B) 299
(B) 85
(C) 90
(D) 95
(E) 100
My friend and I both bought the same thing at a shop. We both paid using R5 and R2 coins
only, but each of us paid with a different number of each of the coins, and each of us used
R5-coins as well as R2-coins. The least possible price of the item we bought is
(A) R 11
(B) R 13
(C) R 15
(D) R 17
(E) R 23
15.
If M and N are natural numbers, and if only one of the following sentences is true, which is
it?
(A)
M is odd
(B)
N2 is even
(C)
M N is odd
(D)
N is odd
(E)
M, N have no common factors other than 1
16.
The diagram shows part of a regular polygon, and the size of one of the interior angles. The
number of sides of the polygon is
(A) 8
17.
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 12
(E) 15
Anne is now three times as old as she was three years before she was half as old as she is
now. Annes age now is
(A) 9
(B) 12
(C) 15
(D) 16
(E) 18
18.
M is the midpoint of the side DC of rectangle ABCD.

The fraction of the rectangle that is shaded is
(A)
19.
2
5
1
2
(C)
1
4
(D)
3
5
(E)
1
3
How many three-digit odd numbers become bigger when their digits are reversed?
(A) 120
20.
(B)
(B) 145
(C) 200
(D) 260
(E) 360
The perfect squares are written as a sequence of digits 149162536.. The 85th digit in this
sequence is
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
(E) 8

problem solving course for high school learners, presented by the SAMF. All you have
to do to participate is to complete an application form online at
http://www.samf.ac.za/SAMO_Training or phone 012 392 9362 for an application
form.

OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2012 FIRST ROUND

19 March 2012
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and E.
Only one of these is correct.
2. Scoring rules:


1.
1 1
+ =
2 3
(A)
2.
1
5
(C)
3
5
(D)
4
5
(B) 30
(C) 34
(D) 38
(B) 32 mm
(C) 64 mm
(C) 920
P3
(D) 930
(E) 940
(D) 203
(E) 161
P4
(B) 299
(C) 155
South America and Africa are drifting apart at 30 cm per century. Approximately how
many millimetres is that per week?
(A) 60
(B) 30
(C) 6
(D) 0,6
(E) 0,06
A racing cyclist circles the cycling track every 2 minutes and 40 seconds. How many full
laps will he complete in four hours at the same rate?
(A) 75
8.
(B) 910
P2
Two primes add up to 36. Their product is not

(A) 323
7.
(E) 160 mm
Betty makes patterns of dots as shown. If she continues

like this, the number of dots in P30 will be
(A) 900
6.
(E) 40
(D) 128 mm
P1
5.
(E) 1
A sheet of paper has been folded 4 times, and now has thickness 2,5 mm. If it were possible
to fold it 10 times its thickness would become
(A) 25 mm
4.
5
6
The value of x is
(A) 28
3.
(B)
(B) 80
(C) 85
(D) 90
(E) 95
My cellphone costs me a monthly subscription plus a charge per minute of talking. If I talk
for 12 minutes the total cost is R25, and if I talk for 15 minutes the total cost is R 28. The
total cost if I talk for 25 minutes will be
(A) R 34
(B) R 38
(C) R 42
(D) R 46
(E) R 50
9.
If n* means 2n + 1, then the value of (3*)* is

(A) 9
10.
(B) 11
(C) 13
(D) 15
OQ is parallel to SR and PS = PQ.

S is
In terms of x, the size of R Q
x
S
(A)
11.
x
3
5
9
(D) 45 x
(E) 45 + x
(B) 14
(C) 16
(D) 18
(E) 20
(B)
1
3
(C)
2
3
(D)
7
9
(E)
4
9
Anne is now three times as old as she was three years before she was half as old as she is
now. Annes age now is
(A) 9
14.
x
2
ABCD is a square of side 3 units. Points that divide its

sides in the ratio 2:1 are joined to form a new, shaded,
square. The proportion of the original square which is
shaded is
(A)
13.
(C)
In order to achieve a total of 400 the number of terms in the sum 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ....
must be
(A) 12
12.
(B) 90 x
(E) 17
(B) 12
(C) 15
(D) 16
(E) 18
The shaded quarter-circle has area 9. The perimeter of the

shaded region is
(A) 3
(B) 3( + 4)
(C) 6
(D) 6 + 4
(E) 6 + 12
15.
How many three-digit odd numbers become bigger when their digits are reversed?
(A) 120
(B) 145
(C) 200
(D) 260
(E) 360
16.
If M and N are natural numbers, and if exactly one of the following sentences is true, which
is it?
(A)
M is odd
(B)
N2 is even
(C)
M N is odd
(D)
N is odd
(E)
M, N have no common factor other than 1
17.
M is the midpoint of the side DC of rectangle ABCD.

The fraction of the rectangle that is shaded is
(A)
18.
2
5
(B)
1
4
(C)
1
2
(D)
3
5
(E)
1
3
Shona has already scored a practical mark of 82%, and will also write a test. If
mark is obtained from the practical and the other
1
4
3
4
of her final
from the test, then if she wants a final
mark of exactly 80% the score she needs to get in the test is
(A) 70 %
19.
(B) 72 %
(C) 74%
(D) 76 %
The remainder when 12 + 32 + 52 + 72 + . + 10132 is divided by 8 is

(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 4
20.
(E) 78 %
The rectangle ABCD is folded about the line CP

so that D falls on AB in the position marked D.
BC = 6 cm and CD = 10 cm. The distance DP
is (in cm)
D'
(A)
10
3
(B) 3
(C)
8
3
(D)
13
10
(E)
10

OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2012 SECOND ROUND

JUNIOR SECTION
23 May 2012
Time: 120 minutes
Instructions
2. Scoring rules:
2.1. Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in part A, 5 marks in part B and 6 marks in part C.
2.2. For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty for unanswered questions.


Part A: (Each correct answer is worth 4 marks)

1.
Arthur takes 8 subjects at school, and for each one receives a code from 1 to 7. If the sum of his codes is
50, then the least number of 7s he must have received is
(A)
2.
(C)
(D) 3
(E) 2
25
(B)
30
(C)
35
(D) 40
(E) 45
13
(B)
10
(C)
(D) 5
(E) 4
The vertex P of a regular hexagon is joined to the other vertices.

(marked x in the diagram) is
The size of RPS
(A)
5.
The five-digit number 24X8Y is divisible by 4 and by 5 and by 9. The sum of the digits X and Y is
(A)
4.
(B)
A man gives away half of his money to his friend, and after that 10% of what he has left to charity. The
percentage of his original amount that he keeps is
(A)
3.
20
(B)
30
(C)
40
(D) 45
(E) 50
(D)
(E) 99
The value of 1 (2 (3 ( (100))) is

(A)
50
(B)
50
(C)
100
100
Part B: (Each correct answer is worth 5 marks)

6.
The natural numbers are written in seven columns:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17
A square is drawn around a block of four numbers, and the sum of those four numbers is 312. The
number at top left of the square is
(A)
7.
If
(B)
69
(C)
72
(D)
74
(E) 76
x 1
y 1
y and
x then the value of x y is
x
y
(A)
8.
67
(B)
(C)
(D) 3
(E) 1
A positive integer N has exactly three different prime factors (1 is not a prime) and is not divisible by
any square. How many different factors does N have?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 7
(E) 8
9.
a, b, c, d, e are five positive numbers, with bd < cd < ab < bc < ae. The smallest of the five numbers is
(A)
10.
(D) d
(E) impossible
to tell
(B)
(C)
(D) 6
(E) 9
1
3
(B)
2
3
(C)
3
4
(D)
4
5
(E)
5
6
12 13 min
(B)
13 13 min
(C)
14 min
(D) 14 13 min
(E) 15 13 min
20
(B)
24
(C)
28
(D) 34
(E) 36
John spent R 19.00 at the tuck shop: he bought 2 chocolate bars and 3 packets of chips. The amount he
spent on chips was R3 greater than the amount he spent on chocolate. Jane wants to buy 3 chocolate
bars and 3 packets of chips: how much will that cost her?
(A)
15.
100 cards are placed face down in a line. Alice turns every second one over, starting with the second in
line. Brenda then turns over every third card that is still face down (so starts with the fifth card in the
line). After this, how many cards remain face down?
(A)
14.
(C)
Dimitri can travel from P to Q in 10 minutes at constant speed; Olga can make the same journey in 20
minutes, also at constant speed. Boris goes from P to Q at the average of Dimitris and Olgas speeds:
how long will it take him?
(A)
13.
Everyone in my class has toffees or chocolates, but half of them have both. Twice as
many people have toffees only as have chocolates only. The proportion of people with
chocolates who also have toffees is
(A)
12.
(B)
A circular logo is made up of three circles with the same centre and radii in
the ratio 1:2:3. A point is chosen randomly inside the logo. How many times
more likely is the point to be in the outer ring than in the shaded centre?
(A)
11.
R 24.40
(B)
R 23.60
(C)
R 23.00
(D) R 22.60
(E) R 21.40
Peter travels along the circle and Quentin along the square; both travel at
the same speed. If they both start at A, moving clockwise, then where is
Quentin when Peter reaches A again for the first time?
(A)
at B
(B)
somewhere
on AB
(C)
somewhere
on BC
(D)
somewhere
on CD
(E)
somewhere
on DA
Part C: (Each correct answer is worth 6 marks)

16.
The 81st term of the sequence 1; 2; 2; 3; 3; 3; 4; 4; 4; 4; ... is

(A)
17.
(C)
13
(D) 14
(E) 15
40
(B)
45
(C)
48
(D) 60
(E) 120
1
2 2
(B)
1
3
(C)
2 1
(D)
3 2
(E)
1
3
A three-digit number X has its digits reversed to become Y. The sum of X and Y is 1535. The sum of
the digits of X is
(A)
20.
12
Squares APQS and ABCD both have sides of length 1 unit.

P lies on the diagonal AC. The shaded area that is common to
both squares is (in square units)
(A)
19.
(B)
Among the pupils at a school, the ratio of seniors to juniors is exactly 5 : 3. Among the juniors the ratio
of boys to girls is exactly 3 : 2, and among the seniors it is exactly 2 : 3. What is the minimum number of
pupils in the whole school?
(A)
18.
11
11
(B)
12
(C)
13
(D) 15
Points P and Q are chosen on sides of the square

ABCD so that the lines AP and AQ divide the
square into three regions of equal area. The sides of
the square have length 1. The ratio of the lengths
AQ:QC is
(A)
(B)
13
(C)
(E) 16
(D)
15
(E) 3

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD

THIRD ROUND 2012
6 SEPTEMBER 2012
TIME: 4 HOURS
TOTAL: 100
Instructions
awarded full marks.
For Question 9 and Question 13 you need a number of rings that will be provided.
There is an Answer Sheet at the end of the paper on which you need to do Question 1 and
which you need to hand in.

TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 392-9312
Question 1
(This question must be done on the answer sheet)
The figure is made up of squares.

Draw a straight line through P to divide
the shape into two equal parts and
explain why your line in fact works.
P
[4]
Question 2
This string of beads was
made according to a certain
pattern. How many beads
are hidden in the box?
[4]
Question 3
In the right-angled triangle ABC, BC = 12 and AC = 5. DC is perpendicular to AB.
Find x.
B
12
(This answer will of course

get you no marks)
D
x
C
A
[6]
1
Question 4
Calculate each of the following and thus state which of them are integers.
(a)
((1 2) 3) 4
(b)
(1 2) (3 4)
(c)
1 ((2 3) 4)
(d)
(1 (2 3)) 4
(e)
1 (2 (3 4))
[6]
Question 5
When you travel from A to B, you

can either travel along the big
semi-circle (i.e. via C) or you can
travel along all the smaller
semi-circles.
Which is the shorter route and why?

[6]
Question 6
The Luhn algorithm is used in computer systems to check the validity of a
credit card number as follows:
Starting from the right, colour each second digit in the number red.
Count the number of red digits that are 5 or greater. Let this number be R.
Add up all the digits in the number, and add each red digit again.
Finally add the number R.
If the final sum is divisible by 10, then the credit card number is valid.
For example:
4532 0972 5042 9185
R=4
Sum = (4+5+3+2+0+9+7+2+5+0+4+2+9+1+8+5) + (4+3+0+7+5+4+9+8) + 4 = 110

Since 110 is divisible by 10 we have a valid credit card number.
Find the missing digit in the following valid credit card numbers.
(a) 4565 3328 9132 662X
(b) 5232 7198 3402 Y781
(2)
(4)
[6]
2
Question 7
Fred cycles up a hill at a constant speed of 5 km/h (Yes its very steep). He cycles down the
hill at a constant speed of 45 km/h.
(a)
What is his average speed?
(4)
(b)
If he is able to increase his speed on the downhill, what is the

maximum average speed he will be able to achieve?
(2)
[6]
Question 8
The picture shows a gift that you can buy in curio shops. It is
a calendar which tells you the date and consists of two loose
cubes which can be moved and rotated in any way. There
must always be two numbers on display and in this case the
date is 16 February.
(Dont worry about the month which is displayed below the
cubes)
What numbers must be on the six faces of each of the cubes
so that all the necessary days of any month can be displayed?
[6]
Question 9
A certain type of ring has an outer diameter of
58 mm and an inner diameter of 40 mm and a
thickness of 1 mm.
If one stacks enough rings on top of each other, it
is possible to stand another ring vertically on top
of the pile in such a way that the ring doesnt
touch the ground.
What is the minimum number of rings you need to stack on top of each
other so that the vertical ring just doesnt touch the ground?
(You have been given some rings (washers) to help you with this question. They do not have the
same dimensions as in the question but you can build the model with them if you need to)
[8]
3
Question 10
Did you know that if you form a four digit number using any four
non-zero digits on the corners of any rectangle on a calculator the
number will always be divisible by 11!!
In the example in the picture we have 7128.
Look :
7128
= 648 which is an integer.
11
5236 also works:
5236
= 476 which is an integer.
11
It even works if you rotate your calculator!!

(i.e. if you use numbers like 2365 or 4697)
(a)
Prove it.
(b)
Prove that it even works if you rotate the calculator 90 degrees clockwise.
[8]
Question 11
N students are playing an elimination game with a paintball gun. The one student that doesnt get
shot is the winner! The method of elimination works as follows: All students stand in a circle. A
paintball gun is given to student 1, and he has to shoot the student to his left (who is then
eliminated). He then passes the paintball gun to the next alive student on his left, who, in turn
will shoot the student on his left, and pass the paintball gun to the next alive student on his left,
and so on.
For example, let N = 5. Call them students 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
1 shoots 2, and passes the paintball gun to 3.
3 shoots 4, and passes the paintball gun to 5.
5 shoots 1, and passes the paintball gun to 3 (2 is already dead)
3 shoots 5, and 3 is the last one left and so he is the winner!
Who will be left with the paintball gun (not shot) and therefore the winner for N = 100?
[8]
Question 12
Put the positive integers from 5 to 9 into the blocks (with no repeats)
such that the resulting product will be the greatest.
4
[8]
Question 13
The age-old game of NIM is a game for two

players. Three piles of rings lie on the table with
5
4
any number of rings in each pile. The players take

it in turns to take any number of rings from any
pile and the last player to take a ring loses. There
is a winning strategy for this game.
If the piles have 3, 4 and 5 rings in them respectively, explain the winning strategy and
whether you should go first or second.
[8]
Question 14
(a)
A goat is tethered to the corner of a shed which

consists of a square and an equilateral triangle. The
square has side length 2 m and the rope is 5 m long.
Top
view
What is the maximum area that the goat can graze

outside of its shed?
Give your answer in terms of .
(5)
(b)
This time the goat is tethered to the corner of a rectangular shed

4m by 5m, but with two ropes of length 4 2 m and 4 m as shown.
What is the area the goat can graze?
Again, give your answer in terms of .
(5)
5m
4m
4m
Top view
4 2m
[10]
5
Question 15
2012 is a special number. Look at its property in terms of powers of two:
20 12 = 8 = 23
and
20 + 12 = 32 = 25
Which is the next year with this property?

[8]
Total: 100
THE END
Please turn over for the Answer Sheet to answer Question 1
6
ANSWER SHEET
This Answer Sheet needs to be handed in!
Question 1
Practice Grid
Final answer
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Name:
School:
Grade:
SOUTH AFRICAN
MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD
Organised by the
2011 FIRST ROUND

16 March 2011
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
2. Scoring rules:
3. You must use an HB pencil. Rough work paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted. Calculators
and geometry instruments are not permitted.


1.
2 + 3 10 =
(A) 15
2.
(B) 32
(B) 0.56
(B) 4
If
(C) 5 years
(D) 6 years
(E) 7 years
(C) 1.25
(D) 1.50
(E) 1.75
(C) 5
(D) 8
(E) 9
(B) 2020
(C) 2030
(D) 2040
means a + b c , then the value of
(B) 13
(C) 15
(D) 18
(E) 2050
is
(E) 22
Which one of the following fractions is nearest to 1?

(A)
9.
(E) 0.00056
Which one of the following numbers is a multiple of 7?
(A) 9
8.
(D) 0.0056
The square of an integer never has a last digit equal to
(A) 2010
7.
(B) 4 years
(B) 1.15
(A) 1
6.
(C) 0.056
The value of 4 14 3.25 is

(A) 1.00
5.
(E) 50
A child is 1 500 days old. How old will he become on his next birthday?
(A) 3 years
4.
(D) 45
The value of 0.014 0.4 is

(A) 5.6
3.
(C) 42
9
10
(B)
14
13
(C)
19
20
(D)
121
120
(E)
211
212
2011 201.1 is
(A) 180.99
(B) 1809.9
(C) 1908.9
(D) 180
(E) 190.9
x
10.
The size of the angle marked x is
140
(A) 50
11.
(B) 60
(D) 80
(E) 90
A nurse gives 3 patients their medicines at different intervals. Cherry has to take
her medication every 3 hours. Sandy has to take his medication every 4 hours.
Nishi has to take her medication every 6 hours. All three were given their
medication at 06:00. When will all three next take their medication at the same
time?
(A) 09:00
12.
(C) 70
300
(B) 12:00
(C) 15:00
(D) 18:00
(E) 21:00
The graph shows the heights of four girls.

175
Height in cm
150
125
100
75
50
25
Names of Girls
The names are missing from the graph. Debbie is the tallest. Amy is the shortest.
Dawn is taller than Sarah. How tall is Sarah?
(A) 50 cm
(B) 75 cm
(C) 100 cm
(D) 125 cm
A
13.
P 2 cm
The fraction of rectangle ABCD that is

shaded is
(A)
14.
(E) 150 cm
1
8
(B)
1
6
(C)
1
5
4 cm
(D)
1
4
(E)
1
3
Assume that 5 miles is 8 kilometres. Then a speed of 120 km per hour expressed
in miles per hour is
(A) 60
(B) 75
(C) 90
(D) 105
(E) 192
15.
A pattern of numbers is arranged in columns

as shown. In which column does
the number 163 lie?
(A) A
16.
(D) D
C
7
22
etc
D
10
19
E
13
16
(E) E
(B) 20
(C) 22
(D) 24
(E) 26
The sum of the numbers in the series 1 2 + 3 4 + 5 .. + 2011 is

(A) 1002
18.
(C) C
B
4
25
34
The 11 numbers in a list have an average of 18. When the number 42 is added to
the list, the new average of all twelve numbers is
(A) 18
17.
(B) B
A
1
28
31
(B) 1004
(C) 1006
(D) 1008
(E) 1010
Which one of the following is not divisible by 5?
(A) 2312 2112
(B) 2132 2122
(C)
2132 + 2312
(D)
2132 + 2112
(E)
2132 + 2122
19.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
A crystal grows as illustrated. How many polygons are there in Stage 100?
(A) 290
20.
(B) 298
(C) 299
(D) 301
(E) 305
A soccer ball is made up of 12 pentagons (5-sided figures) and 20 hexagons (6sided figures) which are stitched together along their edges to form seams. How
many seams does the soccer ball have?
(A) 30
(B) 60
(C) 90
(D) 120
(E) 150
SOUTH AFRICAN
Organised by the
2011 FIRST ROUND

16 March 2011
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
2. Scoring rules:


1.
2 + 3 10 =
(A) 15
2.
9
10
(D) 0.0056
(E) 0.00056
(B)
14
13
(C)
19
20
(D)
121
120
(E)
211
212
(B) 2020
(C) 2030
(D) 2040
(E) 2050
(B) 75
(C) 90
(D) 105
(E) 192
(B) 13
(C) 14
(D) 15
(E) 16
The 11 numbers in a list have an average of 18. When the number 42 is added to
the list, the new average of all twelve numbers is
(A) 18
8.
(C) 0.056
A cricket ball and a soccer ball roll in a straight line along the ground and cover
the same distance. The cricket ball rotates 27 times while the soccer ball rotates
only 9 times. If the radius of the cricket ball is 4 cm, the radius of the soccer ball
(in cm) is
(A) 12
7.
(B) 0.56
Assume that 5 miles is 8 kilometres. Then a speed of 120 km per hour expressed
in miles per hour is
(A) 60
6.
(E) 50
Which one of the following numbers is a multiple of 7?

(A) 2010
5.
(D) 45
Which one of the following fractions is nearest to 1 ?

(A)
4.
(C) 42
The value of 0.014 0.4 is

(A) 5.6
3.
(B) 32
(B) 20
(C) 22
The angle marked y is equal to
(D) 24
y
x + 10
(A) 3x 40
(B) 2x 30
(E) 26
(C) x 20
(D) x 50
2x 40
(E) x + 20
9.
The Olympics are held every four years, and the Holympics every six years. They
were held in the same year in 1968. How many times will they be held in the
same year between the years 2000 and 2200?
(A) 11
10.
(C) 12
(D) 16
(E) 20
(B) 1004
(C) 1006
(D) 1008
(E) 1010
(B) 2132 2122
(C)
2132 + 2312
(B) B
(C) C
2132 + 2112
(D)
A
1
28
31
B
4
25
34
(D) D
C
7
22
etc.
(E)
D
10
19
2132 + 2122
E
13
16
(E) E
If the number x is increased by 50% and the number 2x is decreased by 30%, then
the difference between the first new number and the second new number is
(A) 0
15.
(B) 8
A pattern of numbers is arranged in

columns as shown. In which column does
the number 163 lie?
(A) A
14.
(E) 17
Which one of the following is not divisible by 5?
(A) 2312 2112
13.
(D) 15
The sum of the numbers in the series 1 2 + 3 4 + 5 .. + 2011 is

(A) 1002
12.
(C) 14
The longer side of a rectangle has a length of 63 cm and the diagonals both have a
length of 65 cm. The width of the rectangle (in cm) is
(A) 4
11.
(B) 13
(B) 0.05x
(C) 0.1x
(D) 0.15x
(E) 0.2x
A number from 1 to 99 (including 1 and 99) is chosen at random. The probability

that exactly one of its digits is 3 is
(A)
1
9
(B)
2
9
(C)
1
11
(D)
2
11
(E)
3
11
16.
In the diagram, AB = AC, BC = BD and DE = AD.

is equal to
= 30, then BAC
If EDB
30
(A) 24
17.
(E) 60
(B) 15
(C) 18
(D) 24
(E) 30
(B) 29 : 16
(C) 30 : 15
(D) 31 : 14
(E) 32 : 13
(D)
(E)
Three equal arcs of circles are drawn centred on

the vertices of an equilateral triangle; they touch
but do not intersect. The sides of the triangle
are of length 2 units. The shaded area is
(A)
20.
(D) 48
A 45-litre tank is filled with wine. Nine litres are removed and replaced with
water. Then ten litres of the mixture are removed and replaced by water. What is
the ratio of wine to water in the final mixture?
(A) 28 : 17
19.
(C) 40
A man is now twice as old as his son. Fifteen years ago he was three times as old
as his son was then. How old is the son now?
(A) 12
18.
(B) 32
(B)
2 2
(C)
2 3
2 3 2
A soccer ball is made up of 12 pentagons (5-sided figures) and 20 hexagons (6sided figures) which are stitched together along their edges to form seams. How
many seams does the soccer ball have?
(A) 30
(B) 60
(C) 90
(D) 120
(E) 150
Formula and Information Sheet
1.1
The natural numbers are 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
1.2
The whole numbers are 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
1.3
The integers are
2.
3.1
In the fraction
a
,
b
; 4; 3; 2; 1; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
a is called the numerator and b the denominator.
Exponential notation:
2 2 2 2 2 = 25
3 3 3 3 3 3 = 36
a a a a . .. a = a n
(n factors of a )
(a is the base and n is the index (exponent))
3.2
Factorial notation:
2!= 2 x 1 = 2
3! = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6
4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24
1 x 2 x 3 x . x n = n!
4
4.1
4.2
Area of a
triangle is:
1
1
(base height) = (b.h)
2
2
rectangle is:
length
square is:
width = lw
length breadth = lb
side side = s2
4.3
4.4
rhombus is:
4.5
trapezium is:
4.6
circle is:
1
(product of diagonals)
2
1
(sum of parallel sides) height
2
r 2 (r = radius)
Surface area of a:
5.1
rectangular prism is:
2lb + 2lh + 2bh (h = height )
5.2
sphere is:
4 r 2
Perimeter of a:
6.1
rectangle is:
2 length + 2 breadth
2l + 2b
( w = width)
or 2l + 2 w
6.2
square is:
7.
Circumference of a circle is:
8.
Volume of a:
8.1
cube is:
s s s = s3
8.2
l bh
cylinder is:
r 2h
Volume of a right prism is:
area of cross-section
8.3
9.1
4s
2 r
or
perpendicular height
area of base perpendicular height
(perimeter of base h) + (2 area of base)
9.2
Surface area of a right prism is:
10.
Sum of the interior angles of a polygon is: 180 (n 2)
11.
Distance
Speed =
Time =
12
13.
speed
distance
distance
Pythagoras:
time
(d = s
speed
d = st
t)
d
(s = )
t
d
(t = )
s
time
[n = number of sides]
d
s
B
c
If ABC is a right-angled
triangle, then a 2 = b 2 + c 2
Conversions:
1 cm3 = 1 m ;
1000 cm3 = 1
1000 m = 1 km
1000 g = 1 kg ;
100 cm = 1 m
d
t
d
t=
s
s=
1.1
1.2
The whole numbers are 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
1.3
The integers are
2.
3.1
In the fraction
a
,
b
; 4; 3; 2; 1; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
2 2 2 2 2 = 25
3 3 3 3 3 3 = 36
a a a a . .. a = a n
(n factors of a )
3.2
Factorial notation:
2!= 2 x 1 = 2
3! = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6
4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24
1 x 2 x 3 x . x n = n!
4
4.1
4.2
Area of a
triangle is:
1
1
2
2
rectangle is:
length
square is:
width = lw
length breadth = lb
side side = s2
4.3
4.4
rhombus is:
4.5
trapezium is:
4.6
circle is:
1
2
1
2
r 2 (r = radius)
Surface area of a:
5.1
2lb + 2lh + 2bh (h = height )
5.2
sphere is:
4 r 2
Perimeter of a:
6.1
rectangle is:
2l + 2b
( w = width)
or 2l + 2 w
6.2
square is:
7.
8.
Volume of a:
8.1
cube is:
s s s = s3
8.2
l bh
cylinder is:
r 2h
Volume of a right prism is:
area of cross-section
8.3
9.1
4s
2 r
or
perpendicular height
(perimeter of base h) + (2 area of base)
9.2
Surface area of a right prism is:
10.
Sum of the interior angles of a polygon is: 180 ( n 2)
11.
Distance
[ n = number of sides]
d = st
Speed =
Time =
12
speed
distance
distance
Pythagoras:
time
(d = s
d
(s = )
t
d
(t = )
s
time
t)
speed
d
s
A
13.
B
c
Conversions:
1 cm3 = 1 m ;
1000 cm3 = 1
1000 m = 1 km
1000 g = 1 kg ;
100 cm = 1 m
d
t
d
t=
s
s=
SOUTH AFRICAN
Organised by the
2011 SECOND ROUND

JUNIOR SECTION
17 May 2011
Time: 120 minutes
Instructions
2. Scoring rules:
2.2. For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty for unanswered
questions.


1.
Which fraction is closest to 2?

(A)
2.
29
19
49
39
(D)
59
49
(E)
69
59
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 10
(E) 20
(B) 344
(C) 364
(D) 384
(E) 404
When 2011 is calculated, the number of digits in the result is

(A) 11
5.
(C)
The diagram shows part of some scaffolding which

consists of many equal rods joined together by
connectors. The diagram shows a structure of length
2 units. The number of rods required to make a
structure of length 40 units is
(A) 324
4.
39
29
When Johan added the factors of 40 he left one out by mistake and thus arrived at
a total of 70. The factor he left out was
(A) 4
3.
(B)
(B) 12
(C) 13
(D) 14
(E) 15
Rebecca has some money. She gives 10% of it to her sister, and then 20% of what
is left to her brother. The percentage of the money that she kept for herself is
(A) 80
(B) 72
(C) 66
(D) 50
(E) 30

6.
The formula for converting F into C is C =
5
(F 32) . The temperature in C
9
which is twice as big when converted to F is

(A) 80
7.
(B) 100
(C) 120
(D) 140
(E) 160
Boris is 4 km West of a fixed point O, travelling towards O at a steady speed of 10

km per hour. Otto is 8 km East of O, travelling away from O at a steady speed of
6 km per hour. When Boris reaches O, the distance of Otto from O will be
(A) 5,6 km
(B) 9,6 km
(C) 9,8 km
(D) 10,4 km
(E) 23 km
8.
The diagram shows a triangular area that has

been covered using identical square tiles of
size 1 unit. If the triangle has sides of length 3
units and 6 units, and if each square tile can
be cut at most once, then the minimum
number of tiles needed to cover this triangle is
(A) 7
9.
(B) 8
(C) 9
3
6
(D) 10
(E) 11
(D) 20
(E) 25
The value of 1 12 1 13 1 14 ... 1 191 is

(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 15
A
10.
The area of ADP is 15 of the area of the rectangle.

The proportion of the rectangle that is shaded is
D
(A)
11.
3
10
(B)
2
5
(C)
4
15
(D)
1
3
P
(E)
2
7
Four different natural numbers all leave a remainder of 6 when divided by 7. If no

two of them have a common factor, what is the least possible value of their sum?
(A) 87
(B) 101
(C) 115
(D) 125
(E) 145
12.
A leap year has 366 consecutive days. What is the probability that a leap year has
53 Sundays in it?
53
1
2
2
4
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A)
366
366
7
53
7
13.
Avril has cards: whenever an even number is on one side of the card, there must
be an odd number on the other side. Six of her cards lie on a table, and four of
those show an odd number. What is the maximum number of odd numbers we
might see if we were able to look at both sides of each of those six cards?
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 10
(E) 12
2
14.
A square piece of paper has squares cut off its corners.

The sides of the removed squares have lengths 1 cm, 2 cm,
3 cm and 6 cm. Because of this the area of the piece of
paper has been halved. The perimeter of the remaining
piece of paper is
1
(A) 36 cm
(B) 40 cm
(C) 44 cm
(D) 48 cm
(E) 52 cm
15.
Among the pupils at a school, the ratio of boys to girls is 2 : 3. If 5 more boys
joined the school that ratio would become 7 : 10. The number of girls in the
school is
(A) 50
(B) 75
(C) 100
(D) 125
(E) 150
16.
When two circles of radius 2 cm each pass through the

centre of the other, the distance in cm between the points
of intersection A and B is
B
(A)
17.
(C)
3 +1
(D)
2 3
(E)
2 5
(B) 2 4
(C) 2
(D)
(E) 4 2
A three-digit number is written down; then the same digits are reversed to give a
new three-digit number. The smaller of these numbers is subtracted from the
larger. Which of the following might be the result?
(A) 729
19.
3+ 2
The figure shows a square with semicircles drawn on its

sides. The length of a side of the square is 2 units.
The area of the four-leaf shaded region is
(A) 4 8
18.
(B)
(B) 189
(C) 198
(D) 459
(E) 759
A rectangular sheet of paper has a square removed from one end.

The remaining rectangle has a square removed from one end.
The rectangle now remaining has perimeter 83 that of the original
rectangle. The ratio of the shorter side of the original rectangle to
its longer side is
(A) 3 : 5
20.
(B) 1 : 3
(C) 3 : 8
(D) 1 : 2
(E) 5 : 8
Three-digit numbers are formed that use only different odd digits (so not 551, for
instance). The sum of all the possible numbers is
(A) 22 200
(B) 33 300
(C) 44 400
(D) 55 500
(E) 66 600

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD

THIRD ROUND 2011
7 SEPTEMBER 2011
TIME: 4 HOURS
TOTAL: 100
Instructions
awarded full marks.
For Question 4 and Question 12 you need two Pula and two rulers that will be provided.
There is a Working Sheet at the end of the paper to help you to answer Question 4 and 12
which you dont need to hand in unless you have done work on it that needs to be marked.
Answers and solutions are available at: www.samf.ac.za

TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 320-1950
Question 1
One millionth of a second is called a micro second. Roughly how long is a micro century?
[4]
Question 2
N is a positive integer such that N2 200 is a perfect square.
How many possible values are there for N?
Explain how you got to your answer.
[4]
Question 3
Prove that there is only one right angled triangle
whose sides are consecutive integers.
[6]
Question 4
(You may use the Working Sheet to help you to answer this question)
A Botswana 1 Pula coin is not circular, but nevertheless has a

constant diameter. Two Pula coins and 2 rulers are given to you.
Place the Pula coins on the space provided with the rulers besides
them (see worksheet). Move the rulers back and forth so that the
Pula coins roll between them. Wow no bumps?!!
If this constant diameter of the coin is Q, what is the perimeter?
[6]
Question 5
The diagram shows a rectangular piece of paper
with a circular hole cut through it.
(a) Explain how to cut the shaded area exactly
in half with a single straight cut.
(b) Is this always possible for any location of
any circle that fits into the rectangle?
Explain.
[6]
Question 6
Potatoes are made up of 99% water and of 1% solid "potato matter." Vladimir bought 100 kg
of potatoes and left them outside in the sun for a while. When he returned, he discovered that
the potatoes had dehydrated and were now only made up of 98% water. How much did the
potatoes now weigh?
[6]
1
Question 7
ABCDE 4 = EDCBA. Find A, B, C, D, and E where each is a unique integer from 1 to 9.
[6]
Question 8
Some years ago the Old Mutual Math 24 game was very popular in South Africa. You are
given a card with 4 numbers on it and you have to get the number 24 by using the 4 numbers.
All the numbers have to be used but each only once. You can use any of the operations:
addition, subtraction, multiplication or division.
(a) Make 24 from 2; 6; 8; 4.
6
2
4
8
(b) Make 24 from 8; 8; 3; 3.
8
3
3
8
[6]
Question 9
A car travels downhill at 72 km/h. On level ground it travels at 63 km/h, and uphill at only
56 km/h. The car takes 4 hours to travel from town A to town B. The return trip takes 4
hours and 40 minutes. Find the distance between the two towns.
[8]
Question 10
These were scenes from the first
democratic election in South Africa.
A number of men and women are
standing in single file in a row to
enter the tent to cast their vote.
Saskia arrives a little late, and wants
to join the queue.
Prove that Saskia can always join a
queue of any length in such a way
that the number of men in front of her is the same as the number of women behind her.
2
[8]
Question 11
A 5-by-5 square consists of 25 1-by-1 small squares.
(a) Is it possible to tile this square with the non-overlapping
shown in the figure?
- shapes
(b) If the shaded square is removed, is it possible to cover the rest of the
square using 8 of the - shapes shown above?
(If it is possible, draw a solution. If it is not possible, prove it)
(c) If one corner square is removed, prove that it is not possible to cover
the rest of the squares by eight 3-by-1 rectangles as shown in the figure.
[8]
Question 12
(You may use the Working Sheet to help you to answer this question)
A row of blocks is provided in your worksheet. Place the 2 Pula coins you have been given
on any two squares on the grid. For example:
The Moving coins game is an interesting game in which players take it in turns to move any
one of the two coins any number of blocks to the right. You are not permitted to move back,
or to jump over another coin. The first player who cannot move loses.
Play the game a couple of times to make sure you understand it.
Can Player 1 (i.e. the player who makes the first move) always force a win?
[8]
Question 13
On a 26 question test, 5 points are deducted for each incorrect answer, 2 points are scored for
each unanswered question and 8 points are scored for each correct answer. Susan writes the
test and obtains a final score of 0 (zero).
How many questions did she correctly answer if:
(a) Susan answered all the questions?
(b) Susan did not answer all the questions?
3
[8]
Question 14
Funnels of Death
Legend has it that an ancient king used these
funnels to determine by lot which of his captives
should die. They contained white sugar-pills and
black poison-pills. Each had a spring-release at the
end to let one pill fall out at a time. Fig. 1 shows a
black pill just about to fall.
Each captives fate depended upon the second pill
which fell into his hand. He had to replace the first
pill in the funnel, no matter what its colour, and
swallow the second one.
Referring to the picture and description, answer the

following questions:
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
12
12
11
11
10
10
(a)
Fig. 1 shows 12 pills ready to be drawn by 9 captives. Captive #1 draws the black pill
first, replaces it at the top and eats Pill #2. Then captive #2 draws Pill #3, replaces it at
the top and eats Pill #4. Which one of the 9 captives will be the first to die?
(b)
Fig. 2 shows no poison-pills. Again supposing there are 9 captives, where would you
put the 3 black pills so that none would be drawn as a second choice?
Show your solution by drawing the funnel in your answer book and blackening in three
of the pills.
[8]
Question 15
Find the largest positive integer which for all positive integers, n, is a factor of
n(n 1)2 (n 2)3 (n 3)4
[8]
Total: 100
THE END
Please turn over for the Working Sheet to help you to answer
Questions 4 and 12
4
WORKING SHEET
Question 4
RULER 1
RULER 2
Name:
School:
Grade:
Question 12
Use this working sheet to help you to answer Questions 4 and 12
SOUTH AFRICAN
Organised by the
2010 FIRST ROUND

17 March 2010
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
1. Do not open this booklet until told to do so by the invigilator.
2. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B,
C, D and E. Only one of these is correct.
3. Scoring rules:
4. You must use an HB pencil. Rough paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted.
Calculators and geometry instruments are not permitted.
5. Diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale.
7. The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear it out for your use.
8. Start when the invigilator tells you to do so. You have 60 minutes to complete the question
paper.
Do not turn the page until you are told to do so


TEL: (012) 392-9323 E-mail: ellie@samf.ac.za
1.
4 5 + 3 6 is equal to
(A) 18
2.
When
(C) 3
(D) 5
(E) 7
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
(B) 15
(C) 20
(D) 25
(E) 30
(D) 4
(E) 5
The sum of the digits of the product 5104 452 is

(A) 1
7.
(B) 2
The smallest number which must be added to 2010 to arrive at a perfect square is
(A) 10
6.
(E) 360
The number of two-digit prime numbers that can be written using only digits from
the list 2; 3; 5; 7 is
(A) 1
5.
(D) 192
19
is written as a recurring decimal, how many different digits appear?
11
(A) 1
4.
(C) 80
The units digit of the product 29 37 21 55 43 39 is

(A) 1
3.
(B) 38
(B) 2
(C) 3
How many different arrangements of the letters A C T O R are there if the O and
the R must be next to each other?
(A) 4
(B) 8
(C) 16
(D) 48
(E) 256
8.
Did you know
2! = 2 1 = 2
3! = 3 2 1 = 6
4! = 4 3 2 1 = 24 ?
This means that the value of
(A)
9.
109
111
56
65
(C)
25
26
138
137
(D)
(E)
150
151
A jug was 60% full of water. After 20% of that water is removed the jug contains
192 ml.
The maximum amount of water (in ml) that the jug could contain is
(A) 275
10.
(B)
11! 9!
is
11! + 9!
(B) 300
(C) 325
(D) 350
(E) 400
P M Q
Five equal squares each with side 2 cm

are used to make the figure alongside.
M is the midpoint of PQ.
The area of the shaded region
(in cm2) is
(A) 14
11.
(B) 12
(C) 10
(D) 8
(E) 6
In the given diagram, the number in any box is

equal to the sum of the numbers in the two boxes
immediately below it.
The value of A is
21
10
(A) 88
12.
If
(B) 67
(C) 21
(D) 97
15
(E) 12
a
b
1
=6;
=
and a + c = 30 then the value of b is
b
c
4
(A) 3
(B) 18
(C) 12
(D) 60
(E) 10
x cm
13.
A square of side length 5 cm is removed from

each corner of a square piece of cardboard of
side length x cm. The sides are then turned up to
make an open box. If the volume of the box is
605 cm3, the length of a side (in cm) of the
original piece of cardboard is
(A) 5
14.
(B) 605
(C) 16
5 cm
(D) 10
(E) 21
A car takes 2 hours to travel from Apetown to Beeville. If its speed is reduced by
30 km/h, it will take 3,2 hours.
The distance from Apetown to Beeville (in km) is
(A) 30
(B) 90
(C) 120
(D) 140
(E) 160
A
15.
In the figure, AB = 8 cm, AC = 10 cm, BD = 3 cm,

CD = 7 cm and BC = 2x + 1 cm.
If x is an integer, the sum of the possible values of x is
10
2x + 1
B
3
C
7
D
(A) 10
16.
(B) 9
(C) 8
(D) 7
(E) 6
Identical matchsticks are used to make the different figures shown.

4 matchsticks make figure 1,
28 matchsticks would make figure 4, and so on.
(1)
(2)
(3)
The number of matchsticks required to make figure 20 is

(A) 420
(B) 440
(C) 460
(D) 480
(E) 500
17.
In a grade of 100 learners, 40% of the boys scored A symbols and 50% of the girls
scored A symbols. Four more boys than girls scored A symbols.
The number of boys in the grade is
(A) 80
(B) 70
(C) 60
(D) 50
(E) 40
L
8 cm
18.
ABCD and BJKL are two identical squares

with sides of length 8 cm. M is the midpoint
of AD and also of JK.
The area of the hexagon BCDMKL (in cm2) is
8 cm
J
C
(A) 64
19.
(C) 96
(D) 112
(E) 128
The sum of eleven consecutive even numbers is p.

The largest of the numbers, in terms of p, is
(A)
20.
(B) 80
p
+5
5
(B)
p
+5
11
(C)
p
+ 10
5
(D)
p
+ 10
11
(E)
p
+ 10
6
Anne says Barbara is lying.

Barbara says Catherine is lying.
Catherine says Barbara is lying.
Diane says Anne is lying.
How many girls are lying?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 4
The Mathematical Talent Search is a free correspondence based problem solving course
for high school learners, presented by the SAMF. All you have to do to participate is to
complete an application form and to solve four questions. The application form and
questions are available on
www.samf.ac.za/MathTalentSearch
SOUTH AFRICAN
Organised by the
2010 SECOND ROUND

18 May 2010
Time: 120 minutes
Instructions
1. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C,
D and E. Only one of these is correct.
2. Scoring rules:
2.2. For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty for unanswered
questions.
3. You must use an HB pencil. Rough paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted. Calculators
paper.



1.
The number 2010 has the property that the number formed by its first two digits is
twice the number formed by its last two digits. The number of four-digit numbers
with this property is
(A) 9
(B) 10
(C) 40
(D) 45
(E) 50
A
2.
ABCDE is a regular pentagon. The size of the angle marked x is

E
(A) 18
3.
(D) 36
(E) 42
(B) 50
(C) 53
(D) 55
(E) 60
Today John has X CDs. Tomorrow he will give Jane four of them, and then she
will have twice as many as he will have. The number of CDs that Jane has today is
(A) 2X 4
5.
(C) 33
A rectangular tank has dimensions 2 m by 2 m by 4 m.

Water fills the tank at a rate of 5 litres per second.
The number of minutes required to fill the tank is nearest to
(A) 3
4.
(B) 27
(B) 2(X 4)
(C) 2X + 4
(D) 2(X 6)
(E) 2X + 8
(D) 0
(E) b
If a + b = c d and a + c = b d, then a + d is
(A) b
(B) c
(C) c

6.
Charlie is now twice as old as Arthur, and four years older than Bernard. In six
years time the sum of all their ages will be 69. Bernards age now is
(A) 11
(B) 13
(C) 18
(D) 22
(E) 26
7.
Some of the natural numbers less than 1000 leave a remainder of 1 when divided
by 21. The number of these that also leave a remainder of 1 when divided by 35 is
(A) 8
8.
(B) 17 : 21
(C) 15 : 19
(D) 5 : 3
(E) 5 : 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
(E) 8
(B) 30
(C) 48
(D) 36
(E) 32
(D) 375
(E) 325
The value of 1 4 + 9 16 + 25 + + 625 is

(A) 725
12.
(E) 12
If 4x 6y = 4812 then the value of x + y is

(A) 24
11.
(D) 11
John cycles 10 km/h faster than Dave, and takes one third of the time that Dave
takes. They both cover the same distance. Daves speed in km/h is
(A) 4
10.
(C) 10
Among the pupils at a school, the ratio of seniors to juniors is 5 : 3. Among the
juniors the ratio of boys to girls is 3 : 2, and among the seniors it is 2 : 3. The ratio
of boys to girls in the whole school is
(A) 19 : 21
9.
(B) 9
(B) 575
(C) 425
Lebo is asked to find a four-digit number such that the first digit leaves a
remainder of 1 when divided by 2, the second digit leaves a remainder of 2 when
divided by 3, the third digit leaves a remainder of 3 when divided by 4 and the last
digit leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by 5. The number of different four-digit
numbers he can find with this property is
(A) 48
(B) 60
(C) 80
(D) 120
(E) 180
13.
The midpoint M of a square ABCD

is joined to a point P on the side BC.
If the square has sides of length 1
unit, and the area of BMP is 15 that
M
P
of the square, then the length BP is
(A)
3
5
(B)
4
5
5
9
(C)
(D)
7
9
(E)
7
10
Q x
14.
ABCD is a square of side 3 units. PQ is a line through O, the

centre of the square, meeting AB at a distance x units from B.
The shaded area in terms of x is
(A)
15.
x +9
4
(B)
2x + 3
2
(C)
3
( x + 3)
4
(D)
9
(5 x )
4
9
(4 x )
16
The figure shows a square with a circle

just fitting into it and another circle
fitting into the corner. The sides of the
square are of length 2 units. The radius
of the smaller circle is
(A)
2 1
2
(B)
2 1
2 +1
(C)
2 1
(D)
1
2
(E)
(E)
2
1+ 2 2

16.
At the beginning of the day I have 1 000 cm3 of a mixture that is 90% water and
10% oil. Evaporation during the day means that we lose 50% of the water and
none of the oil. The percentage of water in the remaining mixture is approximately
(A) 82%
17.
(C) 50%
(D) 45%
The figure shows an equilateral triangle with a

square fitting inside it: all four vertices of the
square lie on sides of the triangle. The value of
a
is
b
(A)
18.
(B) 78%
3(
2
3 1)
3 +1
2
(B)
(C)
1
4
(E) 35%
(4 + 3)
2
3
(D)
(E)
Four circles of equal size lie in a circle so that

each touches the larger circle and also passes
through its centre. The arrangement is
symmetrical, with the centres of the smaller
circles all on the vertices of a square. The
larger circle has radius 2 units. The difference
in area between the two shaded parts is
(A)
1
8
(B)
12
(C)
18
(D)
24
(E) 0
19.
8 cards all show different numbers; four of those numbers are even, the others are
odd. If two of the cards are chosen at random, the probability that the sum of their
numbers is even is
(A)
20.
3
8
(B)
3
7
(C)
1
2
(D)
5
8
Adam, Bob and Chris play different sports. Four statements are true:
(1)
If Bob plays soccer, Adam plays cricket.
(2)
If Bob plays rugby, Adam plays soccer.
(3)
If Adam plays soccer or cricket, Chris does not play rugby.
(4)
If Chris does not play rugby, Bob does not play rugby.
Which one of the following statements must be correct?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Bob plays soccer

Bob plays rugby
Adam plays rugby
Chris plays cricket
Adam plays soccer
(E)
5
7

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD

THIRD ROUND 2010
8 SEPTEMBER 2010
TIME: 4 HOURS
TOTAL: 100
Instructions
All working details and explanations must be shown. Answers alone will
not be awarded full marks.
For Question 9 you need a strip of paper that will be in your answer book.
The neatness in your presentation of the solutions may be taken into
account.

TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 320-1950
Question 1
One of the following five numbers is the average of the other four.
Which one is it?
26
30
37 ;
28
29
[4]
Question 2
2
Place a single digit in each empty square in
the diagram so that each row, each column
and each jigsaw piece contains all numbers
from 1 to 5.
1
(Fill in the numbers on the answer sheet)
5
[4]
Question 3
Find the size of the smaller angle between the hands of a clock when the time is 19:30.
[6]
Question 4
Nine 2 x 2 squares of paper, each labelled
with a different letter, are placed on a table
F
E
after each other, resulting in the 4 by 4

square shown.
I
H
In what order were the 9 squares of paper

placed from first to last?
[6]
Question 5
(a)
Find 28 consecutive integers that add up to 294.
(b)
Prove that it is not possible to find 3 consecutive integers that add up to 50.
[6]
1
Question 6
22
true or false? Why?
7
(a)
Is the statement =
(b)
The figure shows a circle drawn into a square.

If the perimeter of the shaded region is 25 cm,
estimate the area of the circle taking to be
22
.
7
[6]
Question 7
In ABC point D is on AC,
AB = AD,
and
ABC ACB = 30 .
Find CBD .
[6]
Question 8
Find the smallest positive integer K which, when successively divided by 6 ; 5 ; 4 ; 3 ; 2,

leaves remainders of 5 ; 4 ; 3 ; 2 ; 1 respectively.
[6]
Question 9
You have been given 2 strips of paper in your answer book.
Tie a knot into one of the strips of paper and pull tight (The
second strip is just if you dont get it right the first time)
(a)
What shape do you get? Cool hey!!
(b)
You will see that in some places your shape is 2

layers, 3 layers or 4 layers thick.
Describe the shape that is 4 layers thick.
[8]
2
Question 10
Consider the following pattern.
Row 1:
1 +
5 +
7 +
+ 10 + 11 + 12
13 + 14 + 15
Row 2:
4 +
Row 3:
Row
Row n:
(a)
Give a formula, in terms of n, for the last term on the right-hand side of row n.
(b)
Give a formula, in terms of n, for the last term on the left-hand side of row n.
(c)
Find a formula for the sum of either side of the equation of row n.
[8]
Question 11
n
Loop 1
Loop 2
Does n end in an even

number?
No
Sum of the digits of n.
Yes
Does n end in a 0?
No
n
2
Yes
Stop
(a)
If n = 49 997 how many times does it go through each loop and what is the final output?
(b)
Some positive even numbers go through both loops at least once. Describe these numbers.
(c)
Some positive odd numbers less than 150 go through both loops at least once. Describe
these numbers.
[8]
3
Question 12
Before his last Maths test, Bonganis average for Maths was 33%. In his last test he scored 40%
which increased his average to 34%.
What must he score in his next test to increase his average to 35%?
[8]
Question 13
Fred puts 11 plastic bags inside another plastic bag. Each of the 11 bags is either empty or itself
contains another 11 bags. All together 6 bags contain other bags.
Of all the bags, how many remain empty?
[8]
Question 14
On a far-away planet in a far-away galaxy the people have 13 fingers and so they count a little
differently they have three extra letters: x, y, z.
Our numbers:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14
Their numbers: 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; x ; 4 ; 5 ; y ; 6 ; 7 ;
8 ;
z ;
9 ; 10 ; 11
Our 20 is represented by 1y and our 100 by y7 and so on.

What will the square of 1x be written like on that far-away planet?
[8]
Question 15
Mr Mahlanyana had 9 children and 31 grandchildren. In his last will and testament he left an
amount of money to each grandchild. Each girl was to get R7 more than each boy. All 31
grandchildren were alive when Mr Mahlanyana died and their legacies totaled R470. Of this amount
R74 went to Mrs Zwenis children (she was Mr Mahlanyanas eldest daughter).
How many daughters did Mrs Zweni have?
[8]
Total: 100
THE END
Please turn over for the answer sheet for questions 2
4
ANSWER SHEET
Please hand in together with your answer booklet.
Name:
School:
Question 2
4
1
5
Grade:
SOUTH AFRICAN
Organised by the
2009 FIRST ROUND

18 March 2009
Time: 60 minutes
Instructions
3. Scoring rules:
paper.


1. Which of the following numbers is the smallest?

(A) 0,2009
(B) 0,209
(C) 0,029
(D) 0,02009
(E) 0,0209
2. Themba and James sell cakes at school socials. At the first social they
sold 50 cakes, and at the second social they sold 58 cakes. The percentage
increase in their sales was:
(A) 14
(B) 15
3. The value of 3
(A) 3
3
8
(C) 16
(D) 17
(E) 18
(C) 7
(D) 8
(E) 9
is
(B) 6
4. A group of children see a herd of cattle in the veld. They count the total
number of legs and the total number of ears of the cattle. The difference
between these two numbers is 92. The number of animals in the herd is:
(A) 23
(B) 46
(C) 92
(D) 184
(E) Impossible to tell
5. The desks in a classroom are lined up in straight rows. Vusanis desk is

in the third row from the front and the fourth row from the back of the
classroom. His desk is also the fourth from the left and the sixth from
the right.
The total number of desks in the classroom is:
(A) 24
(B) 70
(C) 40
(D) 72
(E) 54
6. Pieter and Jacob share a packet of sweets in the ratio 7 : 5. Pieter gets
14 sweets more than Jacob. The number of sweets that was in the packet
is:
(A) 84
(B) 24
(C) 56
(D) 49
1
(E) 26
7. In the given diagram, the two shapes which are reflections of each other
in the line y = x are:
(A) P and Q (B) P and S (C) R and S (D) Q and R
(E) P and R
8. The perimeter of the figure ABCDEF is:
(A) 75
(B) 80
(C) 85
(D) 90
(E) 95
9. Points P , Q, R, and S are marked on the sides of square ABCD so that

each side is divided in the ratio 2 : 1, and therefore P QRS is a square.
The ratio of the area of P QRS to the area of ABCD is:
(A)
6
9
(B)
4
9
(C)
5
9
(D)
5
9
2
(E)
2
3
10. A fraction that lies between

(A)
19
56
(B)
4
7
and
32
56
5
8
(C)
is:
33
56
(D)
35
56
37
56
(E)
11. Liesl has three types of toys: teddybears, cars and jets.
All her toys except 21 are jets.
All her toys except 23 are teddybears.
All her toys except 26 are cars.
The number of jets she has is:
(A) 14
(B) 13
(C) 12
(D) 11
(E) 10
12. 1287a45b is an 8-digit number, where a and b are not zero. The number
is divisible by 18. The maximum possible difference between a and b is:
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
(E) 8
13. The value of h in the figure is:
(A)
24
5
(B)
5
3
(C)
61
(D)
18
5
(E)
10
3
14. A beadworker is threading beads onto a straight wire; he has four green
beads and two red beads and will use them all. The number of different
arrangements he can make is:
(A) 13
(B) 14
(C) 15
(D) 16
(E) 17
3
15. A small wheel of radius 2 cm rolls around the circumference of a larger

wheel of radius 5 cm without slipping. The small wheel has a black spot
on it at the point marked P. If the small wheel starts rolling from the
position shown in the diagram, how many times will the point P touch
the circumference of the larger wheel before P comes back to its original
position (and the small circle comes back to its original position)?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
16. ABD is a triangle with points C and E on its sides so that

CB = AB = AC = CE = ED.
The size of D is:
(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 30
(E) 35
17. A field is in the shape of a rhombus; the length of any one side is 80 m.
A path of constant width 2 m goes all round the field. The area of the
path, in m2 , is:
(A) 320 + (B) 320 + 2 (C) 640 + 2 (D) 640 + 4
(E) 4(80 + )
4
18. Part of Pascals Triangle is shown:

1
Row
Row
1
2
1
Row
1
3
3
1
Row
1
4
6
4
1 Row
1
1
2
3
4
5
If this pattern is continued, in which row does the 2009th number appear?
(A) Row 60
(B) Row 61
(C) Row 62
19. The sum of the digits of (111 111)2 is:

(A) 25
(B) 36
(C) 49
(D) Row 63
(E) Row 64
(D) 64
(E) 81
20. The number of positive integers n for which 3n 6 is divisible by n 1

is:
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 4
5
SOUTH AFRICAN
Organised by the
2009 SECOND ROUND

21 May 2009
Time: 120 minutes
Instructions
3. Scoring rules:
3.1. Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in part A, 5 marks in part B and 6 marks in
part C.
3.2. For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty for
unanswered questions.
7. Start when the invigilator tells you to do so. You have 120 minutes to complete the
question paper.


1.
Andrew thinks of a natural number, reduces it by 3, squares the result and then adds 1. If he
ends up with 10, the number he thought of was:
(A) 6
2.
(D) 3
(E) 2
(B) 5 : 4
(C) 9 : 20
(D) 20 : 9
(E) 4 : 9
The smallest positive integer which must be added to 2009 in order to get a perfect
square is:
(A) 7
4.
(C) 4
If the ratio x : y is 3 : 4 and the ratio y : z is 3 : 5, then the ratio x : z is:

(A) 4 : 5
3.
(B) 5
(B) 9
(C) 16
(D) 25
(E) 41
(D) 16
(E) 17
ABC is a three-digit number such that

ABC
ABC
+ ABC
CCC
The sum of the digits A, B and C is:
(A) 13
5.
(B) 14
(C) 15
If ab = a + b then we say that b is the sumprod partner of a. The sumprod partner of 5 is:
(A)
6
5
(B)
5
6
(C)
4
5
(D)
5
4
(E) 4
6.
A rectangle has an area which is numerically equal to its perimeter, where both the
length and the breadth are integers. The rectangle is not a square.
The length of the shortest side of the rectangle is:
(A) 8
7.
(B) 6
(C) 5
(D) 3
(E) 1
The integers greater than 1 are written in a pattern as shown:

Row 1:
Row 2:
Row 3:
Row 4:
2
3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10 11
etc
What is the last number in the 20th row?
(A) 210
(B) 211
(C) 212
(D) 213
(E) 214
B
8.
This map shows a grid of one-way streets.

How many different routes are there from A to B?
(A) 10
9.
(C) 7
(D) 5
(E) 3
Alan leaves Cape Town at 9 a.m. travelling at a constant speed of 20 km/h. Half an hour later
Beatrice sets out from the same place along the same road, but at a constant speed of 18
km/h.
At 1 p.m. Alan is ahead of Beatrice by:
(A) 8 km
10.
(B) 8
Did you know
(B) 17 km
(C) 63 km
(D) 80 km
(E) 143 km
2! = 2 1
3! = 3 2 1
4! = 4 3 2 1 ?
Therefore 100! 98! is equal to

(A)
9889(98!) (B) 9899(98!) (C) 9900(98!) (D) 9901(98!) (E) 9902(98!)
11.
The figure shows a rectangle made up of three squares.

If the side of each square is 2 units, and ATUC is a
diagonal of the rectangle, the length of TU is:
10
3
(B)
10
3
(C)
10
3
(D)
10
2
DFGH is a small rectangle inside a larger square ABCD,

with GF = 2GH and G is on the diagonal AC.
The ratio of the areas of CGH and square ABCD is:
(E)
(A) 1 : 18
13.
(C) 1 : 8
(D) 2 : 9
(E) 1 : 12
(B) 01
(C) 49
(D) 43
(E) 07
Which one of the following is prime?

(A) 992 972
15.
The last two digits of 72009 are:

(A) 56
14.
(B) 1 : 9
10
4
C
G
12.
C
U
T
A
(A)
(B) 992 982
(C) 992 + 982 (D) 982 + 962 (E) 992 + 972
The digits of 20098 can be arranged in any order. For each arrangement, the score is the
sum of the positive differences between successive digits. The maximum score that can be
achieved is:
(A) 24
(B) 27
(C) 28
(D) 32
(E) 34
16.
In a certain game a player can score either 12 or 13 points. Vusani plays this game more than
once and adds all his scores to get a total score. The number of total scores less than 100
which are possible is:
(A) 15
17.
(B) 25
(B) 1
(E)
2 2
2
2 1
(D) 1
2
(E) 39
2 2
2
2
1
2
(C) 1 2 2
(B) 7/3
(C) 4/3
(D) 5/3
The diagram shows a square, with one diagonal drawn.

A second line is drawn which passes through the
centre of the square and meets two sides at a distance x
from a corner. The square has sides of length 4 cm.
The letters a and b represent the areas of the regions,
and b = 2a. The value of x is:
(A) 8/3
19.
(D) 37
Quarter circles are drawn centred on opposite

vertices of a square, just touching each other. One of
the arcs goes through two vertices of the square. If
the square has sides of length 1 unit, then the shaded
area is:
(A) 1
18.
(C) 31
(E) 2/3
Some three-digit numbers have a special property. For each of these numbers, when its digits
are reversed the new number is bigger than the original by 297. How many different threedigit numbers have this property?
(A) 24
(B) 36
(C) 54
(D) 60
(E) 72
20.
A pattern goes as follows:

2; 5; 8; 11; 14; 17; 20; 23; 26; 29; .
The numbers in the pattern are added in groups of four as shown. The difference between
the sum of the numbers in the sixth group and the sum of the numbers in the first group is:
(A) 266
(B) 260
(C) 254
(D) 248
(E) 240

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD

THIRD ROUND 2009
8 SEPTEMBER 2009
TIME: 4 HOURS
Instructions
Questions 4, 5 and 11 should be done on the Answer Sheet provided
(Please remember to write your Name and School on the answer sheet)
account.

TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 320-1950
Question 1
A
Grasp the two loose ends of each rope firmly in your mind. Then imagine yourself pulling them
until you have a straight piece of rope either with a knot or without one.
Which of these four ropes will give you a knot?
[4]
Question 2
A structure is built with identical cubes. The top view, the front view and the side view are shown
below.
What is the least number of cubes required to build this structure?
Top view
Front view
Side view
[4]
Question 3
The digits of a two-digit number AB are reversed to give the number BA. These two numbers are
added. For what values of A and B will the sum be a square number?
[6]
1
Example
Question 4
Much like crossword puzzles, there are also
19
Cross Number puzzles in which numbers from 1
to 9 need to be filled into the blocks in such a way
14
that each vertical column and horizontal row adds
12
up to the number shown above that column or to

the left of that row. A number may not be
14
repeated in any row or column.
26
An example is given.
12
16
Now complete this Cross Number puzzle.

(Fill in the numbers on the answer sheet)
27
USE
13
ANSWERSHEET
3
Question 5
[6]
Correct Example
Connect adjacent dots with vertical or
horizontal lines so that a single closed loop is

formed with no crossings or branches. Each
number indicates how many lines surround it,
2
3 3 2
1
Incorrect Examples
while empty cells may be surrounded by any

number of lines.
One correct and three incorrect examples are
2
2 2
1
given.
Use the Answer Sheet to complete this question.
1 2
3 0
2
3
2
0
1
3
3
3
(Two closed loops)
2
3 3 2
1
(Not a closed loop)
3 2
2 0
2
3 3 3
1
(Has branches)
2
[6]
Question 6
Nine squares are arranged to form a rectangle as shown in the diagram.
Square P has an area of 1.
a)
Find the area of square Q.
b)
Prove that the area of square R
is 324 times that of square P.
P
[6]
Question 7
In the figure the small rectangles are identical and each has an area of 8 cm2.
C and D are points on the line segment AB as shown.
If CD =
2
AB , find the shaded area in cm2.
3
E
D
B
[6]
3
Question 8
On a distant planet, railway tracks are built using one solid railway bar. A railway is built between
two towns 20 km apart on a big flat section of the planet. Unfortunately the bar was made one metre
too long and the constructor decided to lift it in the middle to try to make the ends fit.
Approximately how high does he have to lift it in the middle?
Is it 1 cm, 10 cm, 1 m, 10 m, 100 m or 1 km?
a)
Guess one of the above, without doing any calculations.
(1)
b)
Calculate the answer and comment on how it compares with your guess.
(5)
[6]
Question 9
Two candles of the same height are lit at the same time. The first candle is completely burnt up in 3
hours while the second candle is completely burnt up in 4 hours. At what point in time is the height
of the second candle equal to twice that of the first candle?
[8]
Question 10
Nick and John play the following game. They put 100 pebbles on the table. During any move, a
player takes at least one and not more than eight pebbles. Nick makes the first move, then John makes
his move, then Nick makes a move again and so on. The player who takes the last pebble is the
winner of the game.
a)
What strategy can you offer Nick to win the game?
b)
Can you offer John, as the second player, such a strategy?

(Give reasons for your answers)
[8]
4
Question 11
Example
The numbers 1 to 9 must be placed in the
squares on the grid. The numbers in the circles
are the positive differences between the

numbers in adjacent squares.
S is the sum of the numbers in the circles.
An example is given.
1
4
2
1
4
5
1
S = 34
a)
Show how to arrange the numbers 1 to 9 in the squares so that S is a maximum.
b)
Explain clearly why no other arrangement could give a larger total than yours.
Use the diagram on the Answer Sheet to complete the above question
[8]
Question 12
Place algebraic operations + ; ;
or between the numbers 1 to 9 in that order so that the
total equals 100. You may also freely use brackets before or after any of the digits in the expression
and numbers may be placed together, such as 123 and 67 (see example).
Two examples are given below:
i)
123 + 45 67 + 8 9 = 100
ii)
1 + [(2 + 3) 4 5] [(6 7) (8 9)] = 100
Four solutions will be awarded 2 marks each. Any other solution will get a bonus of 1 mark each to
a maximum of 3 bonus marks.
[8]
Question 13
(a)
Find three different positive integers, the sum of any two of which is a perfect square.
(3)
(b)
Find a general formula that will help generate other such triplets.
(5)
[8]
5
Question 14
An age-old problem states the following:
A camel sits next to a pile of 3 600 bananas at the edge of a desert. He has to get as many bananas
as possible, across this desert which is 1 000 km wide. He can only carry a maximum of 1 200
bananas at any one time. To survive he has to eat one banana for each kilometer he travels.
What is the maximum number of bananas that he can get to the other side of the desert?
Desert
1 000 km
[8]
Question 15
a)
Prove that 328 + 751 is not a prime number.
(2)
b)
Prove that 22009 + 52010 is not a prime number.
(6)
[8]
Total: 100
THE END
Please turn over for the answer sheet for questions 4, 5 and 11
6
ANSWER SHEET
Please hand in together with your answer booklet.

School:
Name:
Question 4
14
7
Grade:
26
12
16
27
13
3
Question 5
1 2
3 0
2
3
2
0
1
3
3
3
3
1
3 2
2 0
Question 11

Organised by the SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS FOUNDATION.
Sponsored by HARMONY GOLD MINING.
FIRST ROUND 2008

18 MARCH 2008
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
Do not open this booklet until told to do so by the invigilator.
2.
This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by
answers marked A, B, C, D and E. Only one of these is correct.
3.
Each correct answer is worth 5 marks. There is no penalty for an incorrect or
an unanswered question.
4.
You must use an HB pencil.
Rough paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted.
5.
6.
The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear it out for
your use.
7.
Indicate your answers on the sheet provided.
8.
Start when the invigilator tells you to do so.
You have 60 minutes to complete the question paper.
9.
Answers and solutions will be available at www.samf.ac.za

DRAAI DIE BOEKIE OM VIR DIE AFRIKAANSE VRAESTEL
PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001 TEL: (012) 392-9323
E-mail:
ellie@samf.ac.za
Organisations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society, SA Akademie vir
Wetenskap en Kuns
1.
The value of 0,4 4 is

A. 0,1
2.
B. 0,2
C. 0,4
D. 0,8
E. 1,2
D. 1020
E. 1000
Give an estimate of the following:

2008 x 1710
3421
A. 1080
3.
B. 1060
Find the value of 3% x R2008 + 7% x R2008.

A. R2008,00 B. 200,80
4.
E. R200,08
B. 434 792
C. 434 882 D. 434 786 E. 434 888
B. 20
C. 21
D. 22
E. 23
How many triangles of different sizes are there in the following

figure ?
A. 7
7.
D.280,00
How many numbers between 100 and 500 are divisible by both 6
and 9 ?
A. 19
6.
C. 20,08
If 2918 x 13 278 = 38 745 204

and 2918 x 13 129 = 38 310 422,
then find the value of 2 918 x 149.
A. 434 782
5.
C. 1040
B. 16
C. 20
D. 22
E. 24
Five protractors cost the same as seven set squares. The cost of five
protractors and a set square is equal to R62,00.
What would one pay for 28 such set squares?
A. R197
B. R207
C. R217
D. R227
E. R237
8.
A group of girls share 150 apples equally and 105 doughnuts

equally. The largest number of girls in this group is...
A. 6
9.
B. 9
C. 12
D. 15
E. 18
How many natural numbers n are there such that n2 lies between 101
and 300 ?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
10. Consider the following numbers:16; 13; 10; 8.

Two numbers are selected from the above set and added.
The remaining two numbers are selected from the above set and
added. These possible sums are subtracted. How many different
positive answers are possible?
A. 7
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4
E. 3
11. Consider the following 4 numbers:

a; b; c; d
b is greater than a by
1
,
5
1
and
6
1
d is greater than a by .
2
1
If a +b + c + d = 9 then find the value of a.
15
b is less than c by
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
12. Tickey and Sixpense collected money for charity in the ratio of 5:2
respectively. If Sixpense collected R600 less than Tickey then what
was the total amount collected by Tickey and Sixpense ?
A. R1050
B. R1120
C. R1400
D. R1750
E. R1820
13. The digit 5 is written between the digits of a two-digit number to

form a three-digit number. This number is 410 more than the
original two-digit number. If the sum of the digits of the three-digit
number is 12, then what is the difference between the digits of the
two-digit number ?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 3
D. 5
E. 7
14. Find the value of 399 397 + 395 393 + .. + 83 81.

A. 154
B. 156
C. 158
D. 160
E. 162
15. What is the smallest positive integer n such that the following
product ends in six zeros?
16 x 34 x 75 x 21 x 13 x n
A. 125
B. 625
C. 1250
D. 10 000
E. 1 000 000
16. Determine the value of

(1
A.
1
50
B.
1
40
1
1
1
1
)(1 )(1 )....(1
).
5
6
7
400
C.
1
20
D.
1
10
E.
1
5
17. The dimensions of a rectangular floor are 710cm by 430cm. What is

the maximum number of whole tiles with dimensions 25cm by 20cm
which will fit onto this floor without changing the direction of the
tiles ?
A. 588
18. Consider:
B. 590
C. 595
D. 596
E. 598
1
3 5 7
9 11 13 15 17
19 21 23 25 27 29 31
..
What is the middle number of the 61st row?

A. 7121
B. 7221
C. 7321
D. 7421
E. 7521
19. #[652]= #[4 225] = 4+2+2+5=13 and #[6652]= 19, where

# [x2] gives the sum of the digits of x2 (x consists of a certain
number of 6's followed by a 5).
Find x if #[x2]= 49.
A. 66 665
C. 6 666 665
E. 666 666 665
B. 666 665
D. 66 666 665
20. The net of a cube is given:
Some of the cubes below can be obtained by folding the above net
(ignoring the orientation of the pictures).
Which one of the following statements is true?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Only cube (3) can be obtained.

Only cube (4) cannot be obtained.
Cubes (1), (3) and (4) can be obtained.
Cubes (1), (2), (4) cannot be obtained.
Cubes (2), (4) and (5) cannot be obtained.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD
_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
SECOND ROUND 2008
22 MAY 2008
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions
1) Do not open this booklet until told to do so by the invigilator.
2) This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers
marked A, B, C, D and E. Only one of these is correct.
3) Scoring rules:
a) Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in part A, 5 marks in part B and 6 marks
in part C.
b) For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty for
4) You must use an HB pencil. Rough paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted.
5) Diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale.
6) The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear it out for your
use.
7) Indicate your answers on the sheet provided.
8) Start when the invigilator tells you to do so. You have 120 minutes to complete the
question paper.
9) Answers and solutions will be available at www.samf.ac.za in June.
____________________________________________________________________________
DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
____________________________________________________________________________
Organisations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society, SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns
Part A: Four marks each.

1. How many of the following numbers are divisible by 48?
1008;
(A) 0
2008;
(B) 1
3008;
4008;
(C) 2
5008
(D) 3
(E) 4
2. How many pairs of positive integers (m, n) satisfy mn = 16?

(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
3. Evaluate:
3
(A) 53
2
(B) 11
(D) 3
2
3
(C)
(E) 4
2
3
11
6
(D)
15
7
(E)
28
11
4. Sipho buys shares in the stock market for R500. Over the next three
years, the value of the shares increases by 40% and Sipho sells his shares
at that price. If he pays a 7% transaction fee on both his purchase price
and sale price, then how much profit does Sipho make?
(A) R116
(B) R130
(C) R151
(D) R172
(E) R193
b = C BD.
b
5. In the given triangle, AB = BD = DC and ABD
Find the size
b
of B AC.
A
(A) 36
(B) 45
(C) 60
(D) 72
2
(E) 75
Part B: Five marks each.

6. A three digit number has (2x + 1) as its hundreds digit, (x 1) as its tens
digit and x as its units digit. The three digit number, in terms of x, is
(A) 4x
(B) 2x3 x2 x
(C) 211x + 90
(D) 211 + 90x
2
(E) 211x + 90x
7. If a + b = 23 and a2 b2 = 23, then what is the value of a?
(A) 12
(B) 13
(C) 14
(D) 15
(E) 16
8. What is the smallest value of n such that the product n! = 123 n

ends in at least 10 zeroes?
(A) 30
(B) 35
(C) 40
(D) 45
(E) 50
9. You are given a rectangular piece of perspex measuring 50cm 32cm,
which is then cut into several pieces and rearranged into a square. What
is the length of the side of the square?
(A) 182
(B) 40
(C) 41
(D) 120
(E) 1600
10. John drives from Johannesburg to Cape Town at an average speed of
90 kilometers per hour, and he drives back at an average speed of 110
kilometers per hour. What is Johns average speed for the whole journey
(in km/h)?
(A) 98 (B) 99 (C) 100 (D) 101
(E) Impossible to determine.
11. If a is smaller than b, c is smaller than d and b is smaller than d, then
which number is the smallest?
(A) a
(B) b
(C) c
(D) d
(E) Impossible to determine.
12. ABCD is a parallelogram, F is the midpoint of AD and E is a point on
BC such that BE : EC = 1 : 3.
of 4BEF
Calculate the value of area of area
.
parallelogram ABCD
F
(A)
1
8
(B)
E
1
4
(C)
1
3
(D)
3
7
(E)
1
2
13. There are five sticks measuring 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm and 5cm. How many
different triangles can one form using three sticks at a time?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 7
(E) 9
3
14. The radius r of the small circle is 1cm. Determine the radius R of the
large (quarter) circle.
(A)
3 2
2
(B) 1 +
(C)
(D) 2 2
5
2
(E) 3
15. The set of odd numbers are arranged as follows:

1
3 5 7
9 11 13 15 17
..
..
..
.
.
.
What is the middle number of the 20th row?
(A) 759
(B) 761
(C) 763
(D) 765
4
(E) 767
Part C: Six marks each.

16. In the sequence of numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2008, it is possible to choose
two (different) numbers whose sum is divisible by 11. A new sequence is
formed by excluding some numbers from the original sequence in such a
way that it is impossible to choose two numbers from the new sequence
whose sum is divisible by 11. What is the maximum number of numbers
in this sequence?
(A) 910
(B) 911
(C) 915
(D) 916
(E) 1097
17. Two intersecting straight lines divide the 2-dimensional plane into 4 parts,
and three straight lines (intersecting in different points) divide the plane
into 7 parts. How many lines will divide the plane into 172 parts? (Assume that no two lines are parallel and that no three lines pass through
the same point.)
(A) 11
(B) 16
(C) 17
(D) 18
(E) 19
18. In a certain suburb, the power supply is interrupted during peak hours
on average once every 7 days, and the power supply is interrupted during
off-peak hours on average once every 17 days. On some days, the power
supply is interrupted both during peak hours and off-peak hours. Peak
hours are between 6am and 9am and again between 5pm and 9pm. What
is the probability that the suburbs power supply is interrupted on a given
day?
1
11
1
23
24
(A) 119
(B) 288
(C) 12
(D) 119
(E) 119
19. Jeremy can build a wall in 16 hours if he works alone. Mpume can build
the same wall in 12 hours if she works alone. If they work together they
can build the wall in 8 hours, but because they sometimes get in each
others way, they build 16 bricks less per hour than they would if they
did not get in each others way. How many bricks are there in the wall?
(A) 867
(B) 687
(C) 876
(D) 678
(E) 768
20. A rectangular box with integral dimensions (i.e. its side-lengths are integers) has a volume of 288 cubic units and a surface area of 288 square
units. What is the sum of the side-lengths of the box (in units)?
(A) 16
(B) 21
(C) 22
(D) 23
5
(E) 31
Formula and information sheet

1. (a) The natual numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .
(b) The whole numbers (counting numbers) are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .
(c) The integers are . . . , 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .
2. In the fraction ab , a is called the numerator and b the denominator.
3. (a) Exponential notation:
2 2 2 2 2 = 25
3 3 3 3 3 3 = 36
a a a a a = an (n factors of a)
(b) Factorial notation:
1 2 3 4 = 4!
1 2 3 n = n!
4. The area of a
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
triangle is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 (base height) = 12 (b h);

rectangle is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length breadth = lb;
square is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . side side = s2 ;
rhombus is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (product of diagonals);
(e) trapesium is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (sum of parallel sides) height;

(f) circle is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r2 (r = radius).
5. The surface area of a

(a) rectangular prism is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2lb + 2bh + 2hl (h = height);
(b) sphere is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4r2 ;
(c) right prism is: . . . . . . . . . (perimiter of base h) + (2 area of base).
6. The perimiter of a
(a) rectangle is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2length + 2breadth = 2l + 2b;
(b) square is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4s;
(c) circle (its circumference) is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2r.
7. The volume of a
(a) cube is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s s s = s3 ;
(b) rectangular prism is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l b h;
(c) cylinder is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r2 h;
(d) right prism is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (area of base)(perpendicular height)
= (area of cross-section)(perpendicular height).
8. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is equal to 180 (n 2),

where n = number of sides.
9. Distance = speed time
Speed = distance time
Time = distance speed
(d = s t)
(s = dt )
(t = ds )
10. Pythagoras: if 4ABC is a right angled triangle, then a2 = b2 + c2 .

B
c
A
11. Conversions:
1 cm3 = 1 m`
1000 m = 1 km
1000 cm3 = 1 `
1000 g = 1 kg
100 cm = 1 m

MATHEMATICS
OLYMPIAD

THIRD ROUND 2008
4 SEPTEMBER 2008
TIME: 4 HOURS
Instructions
Questions 2, 4 and 5 should be done on the Answer Sheet provided
see last page.
(Please remember to write your Name and School on the answer sheet)
account.

TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 320-1950
Question 1
A teacher has to buy exactly 106 sweets. The sweets are sold in packs of 5 which cost
R6 per pack, or packs of 7 which cost R7 per pack. What is the lowest cost at which the
teacher can buy the sweets?
(4)
Question 2
Without rotating the small squares on the right, arrange them into the pattern shown in the
diagram on the left, so that the number next to each large triangle equals the sum of the four
numbers in that triangle.
32
11
26
28
5
4
30
13
17
15
9
(4)
Question 3
The same pile of blocks is seen from 2 different sides. It is made from only two types of
blocks (A and B). How many of each type are there in the pile?
Back
Block A
Front
Front
Block B
Back
(6)
1
Question 4
Draw a star (*) in 10 empty squares in
the diagram alongside so that each
numbered square accurately indicates

1
how many immediately adjacent

squares (horizontally, vertically or
diagonally) contain a star.
4
2
An example is given below:

0
(6)
Question 5
In the faraway land of Mathopillis, along the south coastal road, lies a string of eight beautiful
little villages. They are, in the order one would pass through them when travelling from
West to East, Alpha, Beta, Circa, Dode, Epsilon, Flora, Gamma and Hexa.
The chart below indicates the distances in km between some of the villages. (For example,
the distance between Alpha and Dode is 28km.) Find the distance between each village and
the next one and complete the chart on the answer sheet.
Alpha
28
43
Beta
27
Circa
25
38
Dode
22
Epsilon
24
Flora
Gamma
Hexa
2
(6)
Question 6
On a wooden rod, there are markings for three different scales. The first set of markings divides
the rod into 10 equal parts; the second set of markings divides the rod into 12 equal parts; the
third set of markings divides the rod into 15 equal parts. If one cuts the rod at each marking,
how many pieces of wood does one get?
(6)
Question 7
A fish tank is 100 cm long, 60 cm wide and 40 cm high.
If it is tilted, as shown, resting on the 60 cm edge,
then the water reaches the midpoint of the base.
If it is then put down so that the base is
horizontal again, what is
the depth of the water?
40 cm
100 cm
60 cm
(6)
Question 8
A cuboctohedron is a polyhedron that can be formed
by slicing a cube at the midpoints of all its edges.
In the diagram, one of the vertices has been sliced off.
Find the surface area of the cuboctohedron formed
from a cube having a side of length 4 cm.
4 cm
(6)
Question 9
Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle in terms of its area A and its perimeter P.
(8)
3
Question 10
Find the smallest two digit number that satisfies the following conditions:
The number is not an odd number.
It has exactly four factors, including itself and 1.
If you reverse the digits, a prime number is formed.
The sum of the digits is a two digit prime number.
One of the digits is a square number.

(8)
Question 11
Find the smallest integer that is divisible by all integers from 2 to 13 except for
one pair of two consecutive integers in this range.
(8)
Question 12
Consider the following sequence in which t1 is the first term, t2 is the second term
and tn is the nth term: t1 = 1; t2 = 2 and tn =
(a)
Find t2007 .
(b)
Find t2008 .
n3
tn 2 , where n > 2 .
n 1
(8)
Question 13
Observe that 39 = 3 9 + 3 + 9 .
(a)
Find all other two-digit numbers which are equal to the product of their digits
plus the sum of their digits.
(b)
Prove that there are no three-digit numbers which are equal to the product of
their digits plus the sum of their digits.
(8)
4
Question 14
4 3 2 1 + 1 .
(a)
Calculate:
(b)
Using the above, determine 51 50 49 48 + 1 without actually multiplying out 51 50 49 48 .
(c)
Find and prove the general formula for the square root of the product of four consecutive
integers plus 1.
(8)
Question 15
In a killer Sudoku, just like in a conventional Sudoku, the aim is to fill each row, each column
and each 3-by-3 block with all the numbers from 1 to 9. Your clues in a Killer Sudoku are the
caged numbers that represent the sum of the numbers within that cage. Duplicate numbers
cannot exist within a cage.
11
Keep in mind that
16
16
A
4
19
23
15
13
C
18
11
11
16
E
20
could be any of the following combinations:
11
11
11
12
17
11
15
15
19
12
6
11
16
23
10
13
11
11
In the Sudoku above find the numbers represented by A, B, C, D and E.
THE END
(8)
Total: 100
Please turn over for the answer sheet for questions 2, 4 and 5
5
ANSWER SHEET
FOR QUESTIONS 2, 4 AND 5
Name:
Please hand in together with

Answer booklet.
School:
Grade:
Question 2
32
28
26
30
Question 4
0
2
2
1
4
1
4
2
Question 5
Alpha
28
43
Beta
27
Circa
25
38
Dode
22
Epsilon
24
Flora
Gamma
Hexa
THE HARMONY SOUTH AFRICAN

FIRST ROUND 2007

20 MARCH 2007
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules:
Each correct answer is worth 5 marks. There is no penalty for an incorrect
or an unanswered question.
4.
Rough paper, a ruler and a rubber are permitted.
5.
6.
your use.
7.
8.
9.

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001. TEL: (012) 392-9323
E-mail:
ellie@samf.ac.za
Wetenskap en Kuns
1.
2.
1
1 2 is equal to:
2
1
1
B.
A.
4
2
D. 2
E. 1
B. 10,31
C. 9,51
D. 9,84
E. 9,78
B.
1
4
C.
3
8
D.
2
11
E. 11%
B. 330
C. 345
D. 360
E. 375
B. 20
C. 30
D. 50
E. 60
A lady has 17 buttons in a bag. She has 8 green ones, 5 blue ones and 4
red ones. What is the minimum number of buttons she must take out of
her bag, without replacing them, in order to ensure that she has one of
each colour?
A. 4
8.
C. 3
Vusi invests R2500 at the beginning of the year. He is promised that his
investment will grow by 5% of the original investment per year. After how
many years will his investment have doubled?
A. 10
7.
B. 5
During a 3-day festival, the number of visitors trebled each day. If the
festival ended on day 3 with 3105 visitors on that day, then how many
visitors attended on day 1?
A. 315
6.
E. 1
Which of the following numbers is the smallest?

A. 0,125
5.
3
4
Green missed the 100 metre sprint record by 0,03 seconds. What is the
record, in seconds, if Greens time was 9,81 seconds?
A. 10,00
4.
D.
Write down the units digit of 36 26

A. 7
3.
C. 0
B. 8
C. 12
D. 14
E. 16
( 6 y 10 )( 3 y + 4 )
and ( 6 y + 2 )( 3 y 4 ) are both even numbers on a number

line with one even number between them. The larger of the two numbers
is:
A. 98
B. 100
C. 102
D. 104
E. 106
9.
Dan bought a box of apples. While unpacking he found that 12 apples,

which is the same as 15% of all bought apples, had gone bad. How many
apples would represent 35% of all bought apples?
A. 5
10.
B. 12
C. 28
D. 33
E. 62
ABCD is a rectangle with mid-point of DC at E, as shown. What fraction of

the area of the rectangle does the area of BEG (the shaded region)
represent if GE BC?
B
G
D
E
A.
11.
1
5
1
8
C.
1
4
D.
2
7
E.
2
9
Semi-circles with diameter of 28cm are drawn on AD and BC, as shown. If

AB=DC=77 cm, then the perimeter of the figure is:
A. 154
12.
B.
B. 154+14
C. 154+28
D. 182
E. 154+56
Joy found that two numbers added up to 20. Five times the one number is
ten more than four times the other number. What is the product of the two
numbers?
A. 84
B. 91
C. 96
D. 99.
E. 100
13.
If p=5q and 10q = 3t, then t =.

A.
14.
1
p
3
C. p
D.
3
p
2
E. 3p
B. 60
C. 66
D. 72
E. 78
1
2
times the standard wage rate. In the first week of the month she worked
10 hours overtime and received total wages of R2 750.
What amount does she earn in a week if she does not work overtime?
Linda works a 40-hour week (standard). The overtime wage rate is 1
A. R1 000
16.
2
p
3
The total number of triangles in the diagram below is:
A. 54
15.
B.
B. R1 500
C. R2 000
D. R2 500
E. R3 000
A group of girls shared 54 red beads, 90 green beads and 108 blue beads
such that each girl gets an equal number of beads of each colour.
What is the maximum number of girls in this group?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 15
D. 18
E. 21
17.
In the above Cartesian plane, 1 cm represents 1 unit on both axes, which

are not shown. If Bs co-ordinates are (9;4), then which of the following coordinates would represent point A?
A. (3;-1)
18.
D. (-9;4)
E. (-1;6)
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
E. 1
In a sports club 32 do not play soccer, 50 do not play volleyball and 40

play volleyball. How many play soccer?
A. 8
20.
C. (5;9)
Sipho makes 33 straw hats in 4 days. Pretty makes 33 straw hats in 6

days. Abongile makes 33 straw hats in 3 days. If all 3 work together and
at their usual rate, how many days will it take to make 99 straw hats?
A. 5
19.
B. (9;7)
B. 32
C. 40
D. 50
E. 58
A large solid cube is built of identical smaller cubes such that more than
half of the small cubes are not visible from outside. What is the smallest
number of small cubes that are used to build the large cube?
A. 1728
B. 1331
C. 1000
D. 729
E. 125

SECOND ROUND 2007

15 MAY 2007
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers
3.
Scoring rules:
3.1
Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in Part A, 5 marks in part B and 6 marks in
part C.
3.2
For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty for
4.
Rough paper, a ruler and an eraser are permitted.
5.
6.
The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear it out for your
use.
7.
8.
9.
Answers and solutions will be available at www.samf.ac.za/samo/

Wetenskap en Kuns
PART A: 4 MARKS EACH

1.
A two-digit number is divisible by 18; 30 and 45. The smallest such number is:
A) 60
B) 90
C) 120
D) 150
E) 180
If the 29th day of a month falls on a Thursday, what is the date of the second
Saturday in that month?
2.
A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
E) 13
3.
10
135
5
The length of y in trapezium ABCD is given by:

A) 15
4.
C) 25
D) 30
E) 35
Sipho is three times as old as Pam, Pam's age can be found by adding the digits of
Siphos age. The sum of their ages is
(A) 48
5.
B) 20
(B) 56
(C) 32
(D) 36
(E) 60
An angle x is 30 more than half of its complement. What is the supplement of x?

A) 70
B) 80
C) 135
D) 160
E) 130
PART B: 5 MARKS EACH

6.
x, y and z are three integers such that
(A) 3
7.
(B) 54
(C) 32
xy = 2 and
(D) 4
xyz = 6 . The value of z is

(E) 60
If the sum of a two-digit number is subtracted from the number, then the answer is
45. How many two digit numbers have this property?
(A) 10
(B) 15
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 18
8.
A collection of 25 coins, whose total value is R2.75, is composed of 5c, 10c, and
20c coins. If the 5c coins were 10c coins, the 10c coins were 20c coins, and the
20c coins were 5c coins, the total would be R3.75. How many 20c coins are there
in the collection?
(A) 3
9.
(E) 7
B) 70
C) 75
D) 80
E) 85
(B) 75
(C) 85
(D) 168
(E) 196
Maggie rolls an ordinary six-sided die repeatedly, keeping track of each number
as she rolls, and stopping as soon as any number is rolled for the fifth time. If
Maggie stops after her ninth roll, and the sum of these numbers she has rolled is
20, then how many combinations of numbers could she have rolled?
(A) 10
12.
(D) 6
Steve was at a party and knew that three guests were born on the same day of the
week and in the same month of the year. He also knew that all the guests were
born in the first six months of the year. What is the least number of people
(including Steve) that could have been at the party?
(A) 70
11.
(C) 5
Study the pattern below and find the value of n if n is a natural number:
62 + 82 = 102
82 + 152 = 172
102 + 242 = 262
122 + 352 = 372
.
.
.
182 + n2 = x2
A) 65
10.
(B) 4
(B) 12
(C) 14
(D) 15
(E) 16
D) 260
E) 270
Observe the following computations:

2+4=6
2 + 4 + 6 = 12
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 20
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 = 30
The value of:
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + .+ 30 is given by:
A) 230
B) 240
C) 250
13.
The lengths of three consecutive sides of a quadrilateral are equal. If the angles
included between these sides have measures of 60 and 100 , then what is the
measure of the largest angle of the quadrilateral?
(A) 130
14.
(B) 145
(C) 155
(D) 160
(E) 165
A squared rectangle is a rectangle whose interior can be divided

into two or more squares. An example of a squared rectangle is
shown. The number written inside a square is the length of a
side of that square. Determine the area of the squared rectangle
shown.
15
(A) 1024
15.
(B) 1056
(C) 2005
(D) 2120
(E) 2475
A giant watermelon weighs 50 kg of which 98% is water. After lying in the sun
some of the water evaporates so that the water now makes up 96% of the weight.
The new weight of the watermelon in kg is:
(A) 30
(B) 44
(C) 32
(D) 22
(E) 25
PART C: 6 MARKS EACH
16.
P is the remainder when each of the numbers 478, 392, and 263 is divided by N,
where N is an integer greater than 1. The value of N P is:
(A) 5
17.
(B) 28
(C) 33
(D) 38
(E) 43
27 = 9 3 = 9 3 = 3 3 ?
Did you know
If the numbers below are arranged from smallest to largest, then the number in the
middle is
(A) 3 + 3 + 10
(D) 3 + 27
(B) 5 + 12
(E) 48 + 3
(C)
78
18.
80 switches in a row operate 80 lights. The on and off switches operate

automatically, in the following sequence:
All lights are switched on
Every second light is switched off
Every third light is switched either on or off
Every fourth light is switched either on or off

And so the pattern goes on until every 80th light is switched either on or off
How many lights will be off after the last operation?
A) 60
B) 64
C) 72
D) 78
E) 80
19.
B
The above diagram from A to D represents a flat passageway at an international

airport. Each of the eight sections is 80m long. The shaded sections represent a
conveyor system, on which a person stands if she/he wants to be moved from, for
example B to C (80 metres). When the conveyor system is operational it takes
Jessie 8 minutes to completely cover the passageway. When the conveyor system
is not working it takes Jessie, by walking at the same average speed, 10 minutes
to cover the distance. Approximately how many minutes will it take Jessie to
move from A to D if the conveyor system is working and in addition, she walks
on the conveyor system maintaining the same constant speed?
A) 4.5
20.
B) 5
C) 5.5
D) 6
E) 7
Consider the following addition pattern:
1
+ 1 1
+ 11 1
+ 111 1
+
.
.
+ 1 1 1 1..1 1
row 63
_________________________
(Answer)
In the 63rd row there are 63 '1s'. The sum of the digits in the answer is:
A) 1953
B) 2016
C) 136
D) 261
E) 276
Organised by the SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS FOUNDATION in collaboration

with the SUID-AFRIKAANSE AKADEMIE VIR WETENSKAP EN KUNS, AMESA and
SAMS. Sponsored by HARMONY GOLD MINING.
Third Round 2007

Junior Section: Grades 8 and 9
Date: 6 September 2007
Instructions
All working details and explanations must be shown.
Answers alone will not be awarded full marks.
This paper consists of 15 questions for a total of 100 marks
as indicated.
The neatness in your presentation of the solutions may be
taken into account.
The time allocated is 4 hours.
Answers and solutions are available at:
www.samf.ac.za

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001 TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 320-1950
Question 1
Find the 2007th letter in the sequence:
(4)
ABCDEFGFEDCBAABCDEFGFEDCBAABCD..
Question 2
Given that AB = AF,
find the relationship
between a, b and c.
B
F
c
(4)
Question 3
The figure shows four circles with the same
centre and radii of 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
Ring 1
(a)
Calculate the area of ring 3 in terms of
(b)
If there are 2007 rings, find the

area of the outside ring in terms of
Ring 2
Ring 3
.
(6)
Question 4
Water drips at a constant rate into a container, as shown
in the diagram.
(a) Draw a graph of the height of the water in
the container against time, until the container is full.
Height of water
(b) Describe your graph in words.
(6)
Time
1
Question 5
The sum of the factors of 120 is 360. Find the sum of the reciprocals of the factors of 120.
(6)
Question 6
In the right angled triangle below, for which positive integer value(s) of x is the
hypotenuse y an integer?
y
12
(6)
Question 7
The following question was given to a class
for homework:
"In the diagram, find the length of x "

Saskia did it as follows:
15
p
8
p 2 + x 2 = 64
(1)
q + x = 225
2
8 + 15 = ( p + q )
p + q = 17
2
15
(2) (1)
(2)
2
q p = 161
(q p )(q + p ) = 161
161
q p =
17
450
(3) + (4) :
2q =
17
450
q =
34
450 2
From (2) :
225 (
) = x2
34
120
x =
17
2
(3)
(4)
Anil did it in a far quicker and elegant way. Find Anil's solution to the problem.
2
(6)
Question 8
In the diagram, the log A

has radius R. A hole of
radius r is drilled through
the centre of log A at right
angles to the axis.
Another log B of radius r
passes through the hole.
Find the length S in terms
of R and r .
Log A
Length S in
terms of R and r
Log B
2r
S
2R
(6)
Question 9
Two rugby teams (thirty players) have been selected to play for their school. Five of the
players speak Sotho, Afrikaans and English. Nine of them speak only Sotho and English.
Twenty speak Afrikaans, of which twelve also speak Sotho. Eighteen speak English.
No one speaks only Sotho. How many players speak only English?
(8)
Question 10
Molly is in Grade 3 and in a test on fractions she wrote the following:
1 1 2
+ =
2 3 5
(a)
If Molly used the same method, what would her answer to the following sum be?
2
5
+
=
3
4
(b)
Prove that there are no integer values for a and b such that
1 1
2
+ =
a b a+b
(c)
There are however integer values for a, b, c and d such that

a
c
a+c
+ =
b d
b+d
Find a set of values for a, b, c and d (a b c d ) that make the
equation above true.
3
(8)
Question 11
Find the value of 1 + 2(1 + 2(1 + 2(1 + 2)))
(b)
Find the value of 1 + 2(1 + 2(1 + ) ))))
(a)
(8)
2007 brackets
Question 12
In the game Move out, two players take it in turns to move any one of the three
counters on the board any number of squares to the right, beginning from their start blocks,
until all three counters are in the end blocks. The last player to move a counter loses.
Start
End
Start
Start
(a)
(b)
10
End
10
End
10
If it was your turn to play in the game above, which counter would you move and to which
position, to guarantee you a win.
Question 13
(a)
23 28 = 20 31 + 3 8 = 620 + 24 = 644
51 59 = 50 60 + 1 9 = 3000 + 9 = 3009
Calculate 65 69 in the same way.
(b)
Prove that the pattern holds for any two 2-digit numbers that have the same tens-digit.
(8)
Observe the following patterns:
(8)
Question 14
In a computer game, you have to score the largest possible number of points. You score 9 points
each time you find a jewel and 5 points each time you find a sword. There is no limit to the number
of points you can score. Of course it is impossible to score 6 or 11 points.
(a) What is the largest number of points impossible to score?
(b) Prove that this is in fact the largest number.
(8)
Question 15
(a) Is the following divisible by 3?
20073 20063 + 20053 20043 23 + 13
(b) Prove your answer.
THE END
4
(8)
Total: 100

FIRST ROUND 2006

23 MARCH 2006
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules:
Each correct answer is worth 5 marks. There is no penalty for an
incorrect or an unanswered question.
4.
5.
6.
The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear it out
for your use.
7.
8.
9.

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001. TEL: (012) 392-9323
E-mail: ellie@samf.ac.za
Organisations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society, SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en
Kuns
1.
6 111 3 111 is equal to:
(A) 222
2.
(B) 333
(C) 444
(D) 555
(E) 666
If the fractions are arranged from lowest to highest then the middle
fraction is:
1
3
; 31%;
; 0, 313; 0, 303
3
10
(A)
3.
1
3
(B) 0,313
The number
(A)
5.
1
2
(D) 31%
(E) 0, 303
(C) R525
(D) R600
(E) R675
1 1 1
is equal to:

2 2 3
(C) 2
(D)
1
4
(E)
A three-digit number is divisible by 8, 12 and 30.

possible number is:
(B) 120
(C) 240
(D) 360
3
4
The smallest
(E) 480
The hundreds digit of the product 7777 9999 is:

(A) 2
7.
(B) R450
(B) 1
(A) 108
6.
3
10
Diamond Stores gives its customers four points for every R75
spent.
Sipho earned 36 points.
How much did Sipho spend at Diamond Stores?
(A) R375
4.
(C)
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
Each child of the Robertson family has at least three sisters and at
least one brother.
The minimum number of children in this family is:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8.
The number of whole numbers that lie between 42 and 43 is:

(A) 45
9.
(B) 46
(C) 47
(D) 48
(E) 49
A watch keeps exact time, but it has only an hour hand. When the
2
hour hand is
of the distance between the 4 and the 5, the correct
5
time is:
(A) 04:10
(B) 04:20
(C) 04:22
(D) 04:24
(E) 04:26
_______________________________________________________________
10.
A protest march goes through town from the mall (M) to the
community centre (CC).
S
CC
If the march can only travel east or south, then the number of
different possible routes is:
(A) 6
(B) 10
(C) 4
(D) 8
(E) 9
_______________________________________________________________
11.
If the number 122 4 3 is written in the form n3 , where n is a natural

number, then n is:
(A) 12
12.
(B) 24
(C) 36
(D) 48
(E) 60
A bag contains six white beads, eight black beads and two green
beads.
A lady draws beads out of the bag without looking at them and
without putting them back.
What is the least number of beads that she must take out of the bag
to ensure that she has taken out three beads of the same colour?
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9
(E) 11
13.
The graph below represents the motion of a car. The graph shows
us that the car is:
Distance
Time
(A) accelerating
(C) travelling north-east
(E) travelling at a constant speed
(B) standing still

(D) travelling uphill
_______________________________________________________________
14.
The product of two consecutive whole numbers is p. The square of

the larger number minus the smaller number is:
(A)
15.
p
2
(B)
p 1
(C)
p2
(D)
p +1
(E) 2 p + 1
A vendor has an equal arm balance and four weights that she uses
to weigh her fruit. The weights are 1kg, 2k, 4kg and 8kg. If the
weights are only placed on one end of the balance and the fruit is
placed on the other end, how many different weight combinations
can she use?
(A) 15
(B) 13
(C) 11
(D) 9
(E) 7
16.
In the given regular octagon, the size of angle x in degrees, is:
(A) 22
17.
(B) 45
(C) 67
(D) 90
(E) 112
Find the value of:

1
1
1
1
1
L
1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
49 50
(A)
18.
(B)
1
49
1
51
(C)
(D)
1
40
1
50
(E)
Consider the following triangular arrangement of numbers.

1
2
4
7
11
3
5
8
12
6
9
13
10
14
15
The middle number of the 51st row is:

(A) 1352
19.
(B) 1301
(C) 1251
(D) 1275
(E) 1326
42 equal sized matchsticks are used to make the figure below. The
figure is a parallelogram, which includes the longer diagonal. In
how many different ways can you make matching figures using all
42 matchsticks?
(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 10
(D) 12
(E) 14
20.
The area of the shaded triangle, written as a fraction of the regular

hexagon is:
(A)
1
6
(B)
1
5
(C)
1
4
(D)
1
3
(E)
1
2

SECOND ROUND 2006

17 MAY 2006
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules:
3.1
Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in Part A, 5 marks in part B and 6
marks in part C.
3.2
For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no penalty
for unanswered questions.
4.
5.
6.
your use.
7.
8.
9.
Answers and solutions will be available at www.samf.ac.za/samo/

E-mail:
ellie@samf.ac.za
Wetenskap en Kuns
PART A: 4 MARKS EACH

1.
15% of R560 15% of R500 is:

(A)
R13
(B)
R12
(C)
R11
(D)
R10
(E)
R9
2.
Y
V
X
A piece of paper is cut out and labeled as shown in the diagram. It is
folded along the dotted lines to make an open box. If the box is placed on
a table so that the top of the box is open, then the label at the bottom of
the box is:
(A)
3.
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
If the numbers 3 9 ; 5 ; 1; 2; 3 are arranged in order of magnitude, then

the middle number is :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
4.
Oudsthoorn
Uniondale
x
A
T
George
The map shows roads joining Uniondale, George and Oudtshoorn via the
T-junction at T. At point A there is a sign which shows that A is 34 km
from T, 60 km from George, and 68 km from Oudtshoorn via T. The
distance, in kilometres, via T, from Oudtshoorn to George is:
(A)
148
(B)
122
(C)
60
(D)
78
(E)
52
5.
A motor has a sequence of 3 wheels that drive a windmill. Wheel P has radius
36 cm, wheel Q has radius 12 cm and wheel R has radius 6 cm. The wheels all
touch each other and rotate without slipping.
If wheel P turns 360 in a clockwise direction, then wheel R will turn:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
6 x 360
3 x 360
2 x 360
3 x 360
6 x 360
in an anti-clockwise direction
in a clockwise direction
in a clockwise direction
PART B: 5 MARKS EACH

6.
A popular puzzle game is called Harmony. In this game, you are given a
4 x 4 grid which is further divided into four bordered 2 x 2 squares. You
are given some letters in the grid. You have to fill in the letters G, O, L and
D in each row, column and 2 x 2 square such that no letter appears more
than once in each row, each column and each 2 x 2 square.
L
X
L
The letter marked X is:

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7.
8.
On earth there are about 10 000 000 000 000 000 ants and
6 000 000 000 humans. The ratio of humans to ants is approximately equal
to:
(A)
60 000 to 1
(B)
1 666 667 to 1
(D)
1 to 1 666 667
(E)
1 to 60 000 000
50 x < 60
80 x < 90
(B)
(E)
60 x < 70
90 x < 100
(C)
70 x < 80
x y
43
, for example, 4 3 =
= 1 remainder 5 .
x+ y
4+3
If 5 x = 2 remainder 5 , then x is:
Let x y =
(A)
10.
1 to 6000
It takes a car 11 minutes to travel a distance of 15 kilometers.

If the car travels at an average speed of x km/h, then:
(A)
(D)
9.
(C)
(B)
(C)
(D)
12
(E)
The arrangement below is called Pascals Triangle

1
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
3
1
4
..
The sum of the numbers in the first row is 1.
The sum of the numbers in the first 2 rows is 3.
The sum of the numbers in the first 3 rows is 7, etc.
If this triangle arrangement is continued then the sum of the numbers in
the first 15 rows is:
(A) 214 1
(B) 215 +1
(C) 215 1
(D) 216 +1
(E) 214 +1
11.
The number n is a perfect square. What is the next perfect square bigger
than n ?
(A) n 2 + 1
(D)
12.
(C) n 2 + n
(E) n 2 + 2 n + 1
n 2 + 2n + 1
If the fraction
then ,
2 n +1
(B)
3
is written as an infinite decimal fraction,
7
3
= 0, a1 a 2 a3 ,... where a1 , a 2 , a 3,.... are digits.
7
The digit in the a2006 position is:
(A)
13.
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The six-digit number 4m61n2 is divisible by both 11 and 4. The number of

different combinations of m and n that satisfy the above condition is:
(A)
14.
(B)
(C)
(D)
10
(E)
12
Three different digits are used to make all possible three-digit numbers.
Of the three digits, one is 4 and one is three more than another. If the sum
of all such three-digit numbers is 2886, then the three digits are:
(A)
1; 2; 4 (B)
4; 5; 7 (C)
3; 4; 6 (D)
2; 4; 5 (E)
4; 6; 9
15.
In the diagram, lengths are shown. The area of the shaded region is:
(A)
x2
4
3x 2
2
(B)
(C)
2x
x2
3
(D)
(E)
5x2
2
PART C: 6 MARKS EACH

16.
The four-digit integers from 1994 to 2006 are written consecutively and the
number, N=1994199519..20052006 is formed.
If 3k is the highest power of 3, by which N is divisible, then k is equal to:
(A)
17.
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
132x is the notation to show that we are working in base x.

The number 30 (in base 10), can be expanded as
1 x 42 + 3 x 4 + 2 x 1. Therefore 30 can be written as 1324.
If it is true that 14y x 14y = 232y , then y is:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
18.
The sum of the lengths of edges of a rectangular prism is 68 cm.

If the lengths of the sides are whole numbers and the area of the base is 18
cm2, then the possible volumes of the prism are:
19.
(A)
54 and 72
(B)
(D)
108 and 144 (E)
108 and 72
(C)
27 and 144
216 and 288
15 one centimetre cubes with all blue faces, 16 one centimetre cubes with
all yellow faces, and 33 one centimetre cubes with all black faces are glued
together to form one large cube.
What is the least number of one centimetre squares on the surface of the
larger cube that are black?
(A)
22
20.
(B)
24
(C)
26
(D)
32
(E)
34
Nine points lie in a plane, as shown above. If any 3 points are joined to
form a triangle, then the number of all possible triangles that can be
drawn are:
(A)
72
(B)
84
(C)
64
(D)
78
(E)
76

with the SUID-AFRIKAANSE AKADEMIE VIR WETENSKAP EN KUNS, AMESA and
SAMS. Sponsored by HARMONY GOLD MINING.
Third Round 2006

Instructions
This paper consists of 15 questions for a total of 100 marks
as indicated.
The neatness in your presentation of the solutions may be
taken into account.
www.samf.ac.za

PRIVATE BAG X11, ARCADIA, 0007 TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 320-1950
1.
Write the number 1 000 000 as the product of two positive integers
neither of which has any zeros in it.
(4)
2.
Find the product of 968 880 726 456 484 032 and 125.
(4)
3.
(a)
Find five positive integers, not necessarily different, whose

sum is equal to their product.
(b)
Show that the problem in (a) has at least three solutions.
(6)
1 1 1
+ = .
x y 2
(6)
4.
Find all integer solutions of the equation:
5.
In the figure below, AD = DC; ED = BD and BDC = 40 .
E
40o
Find the size of ABE .

D
6.
(6)
Evaluate the following sum:

1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
2
3
99
1
+ + + + + + + + + ++
+
+
+ +
.
2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
100
100 100 100
(6)
7.
Write the numbers
a = 0,16;
b = 3 0, 063;
c = 5 0, 01025 and d = (0, 2) 2
in increasing order.
8.
(6)
An equilateral triangle of side 2

is rolled along the inside of a square
of side 6 until the vertex A returns
to its original position, as shown.
Determine the length of the path
the point A has travelled.

Leave your answer in terms of .
(6)
2
1
9.
The letters M, A, T, H, S denote positive real numbers such that M A = 12 , T H = 30 ,

A H = 24 , A T = 20 and H S = 42 . Find the value of M A T H S .
(6)
10.
A string of 2006 digits begins with the digit 6. Any number formed
by two consecutive digits is divisible by 17 or 23.
Write down the last five digits.
11.
(6)
Show that it is possible to fill in a 5 by 5 table

using numbers such that the sum of all of them
is positive, but the sum of any four numbers
forming a 2 by 2 block is negative.
(6)
12.
The figure alongside has 3 oblique lines and

5 horizontal lines and contains 15 triangles
of different shapes and sizes.
How many triangles (of any size) does a similar
figure with s oblique lines and h horizontal lines have?
Copy this table into your answer book and fill in

as many numbers as you need to find the number
of triangles with s oblique lines and h horizontal lines.
Number of oblique
Number of horizontal
Number of triangles
lines
lines
15
?
(8)
2
13.
In the alphanumeric puzzle OAK + OAK + + OAK = PINE,

equal letters correspond to equal digits and different letters
correspond to different digits, and O does not stand for 0.
Find the maximum possible number of OAKs that will satisfy
the equation and explain why the number you have found is in
fact a maximum.
14.
(8)
Pizza
Andy and Bongi order pizza. The pizza is divided

into four pieces with two straight perpendicular cuts
that do not pass through the centre. Andy can choose
either P and R or Q and S.

Which pieces should Andy choose in order to get
more pizza than Bongi? Justify your answer.
(8)
15.
(a)
Find the sum of the digits of the product
99999 66666.
(b)
Find an expression in n and/or k for the sum of the digits of
(2)
the product below and prove that it holds for all n and/or k:
n 9' s
(c)
999 ... 9 kkk ... k
(where n, k and 0 < k < 10)
(8)
n k 's
Find an expression for the sum of the digits of
n 9' s
999 ... 9 kkk ... k
(where n, m, k and 0 < k < 10)

(4)
m k 's
TOTAL: 100
THE END
3

FIRST ROUND 2005

15 MARCH 2005
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules:
incorrect or an unanswered question.
4.
5.
6.
for your use.
7.
8.
9.
Answers and solutions will be available at http://science.up.ac.za/samo/

E-mail:
ellie@saasta.ac.za
Wetenskap en Kuns
Calculate: 2 2 2 + 2 .
1.
A)
2.
B)
C)
D)
E)
In 2004, 16 June falls on a Wednesday. On what day of the week

will 16 June fall in 2010?
A)
D)
Monday
Thursday
B)
E)
Tuesday
Friday
C)
Wednesday
3. In a magic square the sum of the numbers in each row, in each

diagonal and in each column are equal.
In this magic square the value of x is:
9
A)
4.
C)
11
D)
12
E)
13
39
B)
40
C)
42
D)
45
E)
48
E)
45
The sum of the digits of the following product is:

999 555
A)
6.
B)
If half of a number is 30, then three-quarters of that number is:

A)
5.
14
10
6
B)
18
C)
27
D)
36
In the given figure the area of the shaded region, in cm2 , is

6 cm
12 cm
10 cm
A)
40
B)
44
C)
50
D)
54
E)
60
7. Three positive integers have a sum of 28.

product that these integers can have is:
A)
720
B)
756
C)
792
D)
The greatest possible

810
8. Jack was trying to tessellate regular pentagons.

following figure.
E)
852
He managed the
The size of angle a is:

A)
36
B)
30
C)
24
D)
18
E)
12
E)
21
9. In what follows, and are different numbers.

When 503 is divided by the remainder is 20.
When 503 is divided by the remainder is 20.
When 493 is divided by x the remainder is :
A)
B)
C)
10
D)
20
10. If the area of the shaded region of the regular hexagon in the diagram
below is 36 cm2, the area of the whole hexagon in cm2 is:
A)
90
B)
108
C)
117
D)
126
E)
144
11. The distance on a map between Harmony town and Sterling is 24 cm.
The actual distance between these two towns is 360km. The scale of
the map is:
A)
D)
1 : 1 500 000
1 : 1 500
B)
E)
1 : 150 000
1 : 150
C)
1 : 15 000
12. In the given figure, the length of AC, in cm, is:
A)
35
B)
50
C)
60
D)
70
E)
90
13. In a certain code S A T ; S E T and T E N are written as 1 5 4 ; 3 1 4;

3 2 1 respectively. The codes are not necessary in the order of the
letters. Using the same code in the correct order, how would the
word S E N T be represented?
A)
3421
B)
3451
C)
1234
D)
4123
E)
4321
14. The following information is given for a box with integer valued
dimensions:
Area of face A is 24 cm2
Area of face B is 40 cm2
The volume of the prism is 240 cm3.
Find the area of face C in cm2.
A)
40
B)
48
C)
60
D)
72
E)
80
15. In the adjacent figure six squares make up the rectangle ABCD.
The perimeters of all six squares were added to give 72 cm.
The area of ABCD, in cm2, is:
A
D
A)
54
B)
48
C)
36
D)
30)
E)
24
16. In the following addition problem, each of the letters a ; b and c

stands for a digit.
+
The value of
A)
20
a
a
c
b
c
4
c
b
a
a + b + c is:
B)
19
C)
18
D)
17
E)
16
17.
x
x and y are the digits of a two digit number. x is greater than y by 3.

When this two digit number is divided by the sum of its digits the
quotient is 7 with a remainder of 3.
The sum of the digits of this two digit number is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
18. The number of al possible triangles in the given figure is:
A)
34
B)
30
C)
26
D)
24
E)
20
19. If you continue the given number pattern, in what row and in what
position in that row will the number 320 be?
1
2
4
7
3
5
8
6
9
-------------- row 1
-------------- row 2
-------------- row 3
-------------- row 4
10
The answers are given in the order of row ; position.

A)
D)
18 ; 15
24 ; 20
B)
E)
20 ; 20
25 ; 20
C)
27 ; 25
20. A lady, her brother, her son and her daughter (all related by birth)
played volleyball.
The worst players twin (who is one of the four players) and the best
player are of opposite sex.
The worst player and the best player are of the same age.
Who cannot be the worst player(s)?
A)
C)
E)
brother only
son and daughter only
lady only
B)
D)
daughter only
lady and daughter only
1.1
1.2
The whole numbers (counting numbers) are 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
1.3
The integers are
2.
3.1
In the fraction
a
,
b
; 4; 3; 2; 1; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5;
2 2 2 2 2 = 25
3 3 3 3 3 3 = 36
a a a a . .. a = a n
(n factors of a )
3.2
Factorial notation:
1 2 3 4 = 4!
1 2 3 . .. n = n !
4
4.1
4.2
Area of a
triangle is:
rectangle is:
square is:
4.3
4.4
rhombus is:
4.5
trapezium is:
4.6
circle is:
1
1
2
2
length width = lw
length breadth = lb
side side = s2
1
2
1
2
r 2 (r = radius)
Surface area of a:
5.1
5.2
sphere is:
Perimeter of a:
6.1
rectangle is:
2lb + 2lh + 2bh (h = height)

4 r 2
2l + 2b
or 2l + 2 w
6.2
square is:
7.
8.
Volume of a:
8.1
cube is:
8.2
8.3
9.1
cylinder is:
9.2
( w = width)
4s
2 r
s s s = s3
l bh
r 2h
Volume of a right prism is: area of cross-section perpendicular height

or
Surface area of a right prism is: (perimeter of base h) + (2 area of
base)
10.
Sum of the interior angles of a polygon is: 180o (n 2)
11.
Distance
speed time
Speed
distance time
Time =
distance speed
12
13.
(d = s t)
d
(s = )
t
d
(t = )
s
[n = number of sides]
d = st
d
s
d
t
d
t=
s
s=
Pythagoras:
Conversions:
1 cm3 = 1 ml
1000 m = 1 km
b
;
;
1000 cm3 = 1 l
1000 g = 1 kg
100 cm = 1 m

SECOND ROUND 2005

10 MAY 2005
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules:
3.1
Each correct answer is worth 4 marks in Part A, 5 marks in part B
and 6 marks in part C.
3.2
For each incorrect answer one mark will be deducted. There is no
penalty for unanswered questions.
4.
You must use an HB pencil. Rough paper, a ruler and a rubber are
permitted.
5.
6.
for your use.
7.
8.
9.
Answers and solutions will be available in June 2005 at www.samf.ac.za

E-mail:
ellie@samf.ac.za
Wetenskap en Kuns
PART A: four marks each

1.
1 1
Calculate: 1
2 2
A)
2.
1
4
B)
1
2
C)
A)
3
8
11
B)
12
x
10
C)
13
D)
14
E)
15
44%
B)
40%
C)
36%
D)
32%
E)
28%
The sum of any two-digit number and the number formed by

interchanging the digits of that number is always a multiple of:
A)
5.
E)
Terry received an initial discount of 20% on the marked price of a

used car. The salesman, who was very sympathetic, then gave
Terry a further discount of 10% on the already discounted price.
According to Terry's calculations, this was the same as a single
discount of:
A)
4.
1
8
D)
In the magic square below, the sum of the numbers in each of the
rows, in each of the diagonals and in each of the columns is equal.
Find x.
9
8
3.
3
4
B)
C)
11
The sum of two numbers is 8.

numbers is 7.
The numbers are:
A)
(1 and 7)
D)
(1 and 7)
B)
E)
D)
13
E)
15
The product of the same two
(1 and 7)
(1 and 9)
C)
(1 and 7)
PART B: five marks each

6.
Evaluate:
4,32 2 3,32 2 + 1,36
A)
B)
C)
D)
10
E)
11
7.
Calculate:
A)
8.
1
2004
B)
1 1 1
1 1
3 4 5
3
2004
C)
1
L 1 2005
1
2005
2
2005
D)
3
2005
E)
A rocket is travelling towards Mars at 60 000 km/h. If Mars is

1,2 10 8 km away, how long will the rocket take to get there?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Just less than 1 month.

Just less than 2 months.
9.
In the figure B H C is equal to:
A)
3A
E)
B)
10.
3600 A
C)
Given 6 < x < 10, 2 < y <
1800 A
D)
2A
1
x
and a < < b
2
y
Find: a b
A)
B)
50
C)
60
D)
120
E)
240
11.
Veli looks at a calendar for the year 20xy. He notices that April
20xy has exactly four Mondays and four Fridays. 28 April 20xy
would then fall on a:
A)
D)
12.
Saturday
Friday
B)
E)
Sunday
Wednesday
A)
402
B)
400
C)
(100 cubes)
202
D)
200
E)
50
Consider a rhombus. If the sizes of any two angles that are not
opposite to each other differ by 400, what is the size of one of the
smaller angles?
A)
14.
Monday
The surface area of a cube is 6 cm2. If 100 cubes are put together
end to end as shown, what is the surface area of the resulting
shape (in cm2)?
---
13.
C)
700
B)
800
C)
900
D)
1000
E)
1100
The average amount a waitress earns in tips is worked out by

dividing the total amount earned over a certain period by the
number of days worked. Marianne earned an average of R78 over
a 20 day period.
What is the total amount she must earn in tips over the next five
days if she wishes to achieve an average of R90 per day for the
25 day period?
A)
R600
B)
R690
C)
R780
D)
R510
E)
R90
15.
A and B are the digits of a two-digit number. A > B; A and B

differ by x. When this two-digit number is divided by the sum of
its digits, the quotient is 7 and the remainder is x.
What is the value of x?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
PART C: six marks each

16.
A three-digit number has (2 x 1) as its units digits and x as its

hundreds digit. This number is represented by 112 x + 29 . Find, in
terms of x, the tens digit.
A)
17.
x +1
B)
x+2
C)
x+3
D)
x+4
E)
x+5
In the following multiplication, each * stands for a digit. These

digits are not necessarily different.
**5
1* *
2**5
13*00
***00
**77*
The second three-digit number is:
A)
133
B)
189
C)
181
D)
145
E)
147
18. Sipho purchased six identical Mandela gold coins from a nonreputable dealer. He discovered that there were three counterfeit
(false) coins, which were lighter in mass than the real coins.
Using only the coins that he has bought and a scale balance,
what is the least number of weighings that Sipho must do, to
identify at least one counterfeit coin?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
19. Eric finds the sum of the digits for every possible eight-digit number.
Which sum does he find occurs most often?
A)
D)
Both 27 and 28
Both 36 and 37
B)
E)
41
39
C)
32
20. A quadrant of a circle, with centre 0 and radius 4 cm is drawn.
Two semi-circles are drawn as shown. What is the area of the

shaded region?
A)
E)
B)
4
4 8
4 2
C)
4 4
D)
4 6
THE HARMONY
SOUTH AFRICAN
with, AMESA, SAMS and the SUID-AFRIKAANSE AKADEMIE VIR WETENSKAP EN
KUNS
Sponsored by HARMONY GOLD MINING
Third Round 2005

Instructions
This paper consists of 15 questions for a total of 100 marks:
!
Questions 1 to 10 are worth 6 marks each.
!
Questions 11 to 15 are worth 8 marks each.
The neatness in your presentation of the solutions will be
taken into account.
www.samf.ac.za

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001 TEL: (012) 392-9323 FAX: (012) 392 9312
1.
The area of one side of a rectangular box is 126 cm2. The area of another side of the
rectangular box is 153 cm2. The area of the top of the rectangular box is 238 cm2.
What is the volume of the box?

(6 Marks)
2.
In a Hockey tournament, each team played each other team once.

The final league table was:
WINS
DRAWS
LOSSES
POINTS
BULLS
CHEETAHS
LIONS
SHARKS
If Sharks beat Cheetahs, then which of the statements are true?
(i)
Lions defeated Cheetahs, but lost to Sharks.
(ii)
Bulls won against either Cheetahs or Lions.
(iii) In matches against Sharks, Cheetahs were more successful than Lions.
(iv)
In matches against Lions, Bulls were more successful than Cheetahs.
(v)
Lions were undefeated, except against Cheetahs.

(6 Marks)
3.
A sequence has first term 12, after which every term is the sum of the squares of the digits of
the preceding term. Thus the second term is 12 + 22 = 5 , the third term 52 = 25 , the fourth term
22 + 52 = 29 , and so on.
Find the 2005th term of the sequence.

(6 Marks)
1
4.
A 4 by 4 Antimagic square is an arrangement of the numbers
13
some order. The diagram shows an incomplete antimagic square.
11
12
Complete the square.
10
14
1 to 16 in a square grid such that the totals of each of the four rows
and columns and the main diagonals are 10 consecutive numbers in
(6 Marks)
5.
Each letter in the addition sum shown below stands for a different digit, with S standing for 3.
SO
+ MANY
SUMS
What is the value of Y O ?
(6 Marks)
6.
A circle of radius 2 cm with centre O , contains three smaller circles

as shown in the diagram; two of them touch the outer circle, and touch
each other at O, and the third touches each of the other circles.
Determine the radius of the third circle, in centimeters.
(6 Marks)
7.
Find the smallest natural number which when multiplied by 123

yields a product that ends in 2005.
(6 Marks)
8.
Let A = 200420042004 2005200520052005

and B = 200520052005 20042004
Find the value of
A
in simplest form.
B
(6 Marks)
2
9.
Alfred, Brigitte, Carodene, Dolly, and Effie play a game in which each is either a dog or a
mouse. A dogs statement is always false while a mouses statement is always true.
Alfred says that Brigitte is a mouse.
Carodene says that Dolly is a dog.
Effie says that Alfred is not a dog.
Brigitte says that Carodene is not a mouse.
Dolly says that Effie and Alfred are different kinds of animals.
How many dogs are there?
(6 Marks)
10. We have assigned different positive integers to different letters and then multiplied their values
together to make the values of words.
For example, if C = 4; A = 8 and T = 12, then CAT = 4 8 12 = 384 .
Given that
HILL = 15
PHOTO = 8470
HILLS = 195
HIPHOP = 3300
Find the value of PITSTOP.

(6 Marks)
11. Consider the following number pattern using only the odd natural numbers:
1
3
7
13
5
9
15
11
17
19
(Row 1)
(Row 2)
(Row 3)
(Row 4)
and so on.
Numbers
C
are taken from the pattern, where A and B are two
adjacent numbers in a certain row, and C is the number in the next row, directly below, and
between, A and B. If A + B + C = 2093, find the value of C.
(8 Marks)
3
12. In the diagram, A + B+ C+ D+ E + F+ G = p 90o .
Find p.
C
G
D
F
E
(8 Marks)
13. Paul and James go out for a cycle and are 16 km from home when Paul runs into a tree
damaging his bicycle beyond repair. They decide to return home and that Paul will start on
foot and James will start on his bicycle. After some time, James will leave his bicycle beside
the road and continue on foot, so that when Paul reaches the bicycle he can mount it and cycle
the rest of the distance. Paul walks at 4 km per hour and cycles at 10 km per hour, while James
walks at 5 km per hour and cycles at 12 km per hour. For what length of time should James
ride the bicycle, if they are both to arrive home at the same time?
(8 Marks)
14. The diagram shows a large rectangle whose perimeter is 300 cm. It is divided up
as shown into a number of identical rectangles, each of perimeter 58 cm. Each
side of these rectangles is a whole number of centimeters. Show that there are
exactly two ways of splitting up the rectangle as described above.
(8 Marks)
15. A complete sentence of 20 words is concealed was
here. If you start with Sal and then follow the
jumps of a chess knight from word to word
now
old
was
now
as
Sue
Sal
half
as
is
old
is
when
as
Sue
Sal
third
as
along the correct route, a simple problem will

be revealed. Sue is in her teens,
so how old is Sal?
(8 Marks)
Total: 100
THE END
4

organised by the SUID-AFRIKAANSE AKADEMIE VIR WETENSKAP EN KUNS
in collaboration with HARMONY GOLD MINING, AMESA and SAMS
FIRST ROUND 2004

18 MARCH 2004
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions :
1.
2.
This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed
by answers marked A, B, C, D and E. Only one of these is correct.
3.
Scoring rules :
incorrect answer or an unanswered question.
4.
5.
6.
The centre page is an information and formula sheet. Please tear it
out for your use.
7.
Indicate your answer on the sheet provided.
8.
Start when the invigilator tells you to.
9.
Answers and solutions are available at http://science.up.ac.za/samo/

PRIVATE BAG X11, ARCADIA, 0007 TEL: (012) 328-5082 FAX (012) 328-5091
E-mail:ellie@akademie.co.za
1.
Which one of the following numbers is the smallest?

A) 0,068
2.
4.
B) 0,96
Find the value of
1008
= 24
A) 32
B) 42
D) 0,087
E) 0,2443
C) 1,9
D) 9
E) 0,9
C) 52
D) 62
E) 72
if
In the diagram, four equal circles fit perfectly

inside a square; their centres are the vertices
of the smaller square. The area of the smaller
square is 4.
The area of the larger square is
A) 4
5.
C) 0,2
0,9 ( 0,4 + 0,6 ) equals

A) 0,09
3.
B) 0,07
B) 8
C) 12
D) 16
E) 20
Jackie said that 12% of the oranges were not sold.

Pam said that is the same as 360 oranges!
How many oranges were sold?
A) 2 400
6.
B) 2 640
C) 3 000
D) 3 600
E) 4 320
If b = 3a and c = 2b, then a + b + c is equal to

A) 6a
B) 8a
C) 10a
D) 12a
E) 14a
1
7.
A regular six point star is formed by extending

the sides of a regular hexagon.
If the perimeter of the star is 96 cm then the
perimeter of the hexagon (in cm) is
A) 30
8.
C) 42
D) 48
E) 54
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
The last digit of 22004 2 is

A) 0
9.
B) 36
B) 1
The game Pyramaths works as follows: 2 adjoining blocks' sum is

equal to the block above the 2 adjoining blocks, e.g. a + b = c.
25
Row 1
c
a
Row 2
Row 3
If the sum of the numbers in row 3 is 17, then the value of a is

A) 2
10.
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 7
In a mathematics class, the learners voted to have a new operation on

numbers called super op and used the symbol # for the operation.
1 1
They defined it as: a ( # ) b = + + ab
a b
1
The value of ( # ) 6 is
3
A) 5
1
6
B) 18
C) 2
1
2
D) 2
E) 8
2
1
3
11.
Vishnu has displayed his technology project as a mobile and hung it

from the classroom ceiling. It is perfectly balanced (figure 1).
Ceiling
20 cm
10 cm
Figure 1
10 g
60 g
20 g
Sipho wants to display his project in the same way (figure 2).
Ceiling
25 cm
x cm
Figure 2
25 g
16 g
15 g
What must the length (x) of the wire be for his mobile to be perfectly
balanced? [Ignore the mass of the wire]
A) 5
12.
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25
In the diagram, the numbers occupying opposite sectors are related in

the same way.
The relationship of y in terms of x is
y
A) y = 3x 1
11
5
B) y = 2x + 1
C) y = 2x + 2
2
4
D) y = x 1
x
E) y = 2x 1
3
13.
Kelly took 60 minutes to cycle 25 kilometres after which she

increased her average speed by 5 kilometres per hour.
How long will it take her to cover the next 25 kilometres if she
maintains the new average speed?
A) 35 min
14.
B) 40 min
C) 45 min
The area of the shaded triangle

P
1 2
is 4 cm . Angles PQR and QAB
2
are right angles (90o).
QR = 4 and AB = 3.
The size of angle ABQ is
Q
o
A) 15
15.
D) 50 min E) 55 min
B) 30
C) 45
(Figure NOT drawn to scale)
4
D) 60o
R
E) 75o
Two 3-digit numbers are multiplied. A star (*) represents any digit.
1st 3-digit number
**5
1**
2**5
13*00
***00
**77*
2nd 3-digit number
The second 3-digit number is

A) 140
B) 189
C) 180
D) 155
E) 147
4
16.
Below is a list of numbers with their corresponding codes. Determine

the three digit number w.
Number
589
724
1346
w
A) 945
17.
B) 543
Code
524
386
9761
485
C) 425
D) 623
E) 925
A rectangular right prism has the

dimensions x cm by x cm by h cm.
The surface area of the prism is 14 x 2 cm2
x
Find h in terms of x.
h
x
A) 3x
18.
B)
x
2
C) 4 x
D) 2 x
E) x
Zama used six digits, 3; 7; 4; 6; 2 and 5 to make two-digit numbers

e.g. 37; 44 etc.
If 7 cannot be used as the tens digit and 3 cannot be used as the
units digit, then the sum of all possible two digit numbers is
A) 1 000
B) 1 040
C) 1 080
D) 1 120
E) 1 160
5
19.
Four one-centimetre squares

are joined as in the figure
alongside. One or two
one-centimetre squares may
be added to this figure.
Example:
The sides of the added blocks must fit

against the sides of a block in the original
figure.
A
A
Line of symmetry
What is the maximum number of ways this can be done to create

different figures which are symmetrical about a line of symmetry?
A) 8
20.
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
ABCD is a rectangle. N is the

midpoint of AB. F is the midpoint of DA.
DA produced meets CN produced at M.
E) 12
F
A
The area of FNM , as a fraction

of the area of rectangle ABCD is
A)
1
8
B)
3
8
C)
5
8
D)
1
4
E)
THE END
6
1
2

SECOND ROUND 2004

13 MAY 2004
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Scoring rules :
For each correct answer
in Part A:
4 marks
in Part B:
5 marks
in Part C:
6 marks
For each wrong answer:
1 mark
For no answer:
0 marks
your use.
Answers and solutions will be available in June at
http://science.up.ac.za/samo/

E-mail:ellie@akademie.co.za
PART A
1.
If
6
0,06
= 1,2 , then the value of
is
5
0,5
A) 1, 2
2.
C) 0,012
D) 0,0012 E) 0,00012
If x ! y is defined to be the remainder when x is divided by y (for

example 8 ! 5 = 3 ), then the value of 13 ! (11 ! 3) is
A) 0
3.
B) 0,12
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
If 10 x 10 y 10z = 106 , then the average of x, y and z is

A) 1
B)
5
3
C) 2
D)
7
3
E) 3
4.
The length of the broken line, in metres, down the middle of a road is
A) 67
5.
B) 67,5
C) 68
D) 69
E) 70
In an isosceles triangle ABC , AB = 2BC. If the perimeter of triangle

ABC is 300 mm , then the length of AC in millimetres is.
A) 40
B) 60
C) 80
D) 100
2
E) 120
PART B
6.
Half of 22004 is
A) 21002
7.
B) 22002
C) 22003
D) 12004
E) 11002
You are given four fractions

5
; a; b; c
12
Two fractions a and b are equally spaced between

a+b =
A)
8.
7
12
5
and c .
12
If
4
, then find the value of c.
3
B)
2
3
C)
3
4
D)
5
6
E)
11
12
What is the sum of the digits of the following product?

999 999 666 666
A) 54
9.
B) 63
C) 72
D) 81
E) 90
A lady travels by car at a uniform speed, from A to B and then from C

to D. Determine the average travelling speed of the vehicle from A to
D in km/h.
A) 92
B) 96
C) 100
D) 104
3
E) 120
10.
The maximum number of integer values that could be obtained from

100
where n is a natural number, is
2n 1
A) 9
11.
B) 7
C) 5
D) 3
E) 1
In the Harmony South African Mathematics Olympiad the scoring rules

are as follows:For each correct answer in Part A: 4 marks,
in Part B: 5 marks,
in Part C: 6 marks.
-1 mark.
For no answer:
0 marks.
There are five questions in Part A, ten questions in Part B and five
questions in Part C.
Jessie answered every question on the paper. She had four Part A
questions correct and seven Part B questions correct. How many Part C
questions were correct if she scored 63% for the Olympiad?
A) 1
12.
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
In the diagram, AB : BC = 1: 3 and BC : CD = 5 : 8. The ratio AC : CD in

the sketch is
A) 3 : 4
B) 3 : 5
C) 5 : 6
D) 4 : 5
4
E) 2 : 3
13.
Twenty 1 centimetre cubes all have white sides. Forty four 1

centimetre cubes all have blue sides. These 64 cubes are glued together
to form one large cube. What is the minimum surface area that could
be white?
A) 20
14.
B) 16
C) 14
D) 12
E) 8
Four matchsticks are used to construct the first figure, 10 matchsticks

for the second figure, 18 matchsticks for the third figure and so on.
How many matchsticks are needed to construct the 30th figure?

A) 900
15.
B) 990
C) 1080
D) 2700
E) 3000
After careful observation, the value and location of one number of

every triangle is derived. Determine the missing number at the apex of
triangle D.
A) 9
B) 8
C) 7
D) 6
5
E) 5
PART C
16.
The product of the HCF and LCM of two numbers is 384. If one
number is 8 more than the other number, then the sum of the two
numbers is
A) 48
17.
B) 40
C) 36
D) 24
E) 18
! = 20o. DE, DC, EF and FC are joined

In the given figure ABC , A
such that AD = DE = EF = FC = BC.
! is
The size of ACD
A) 10o
18.
B) 20o
C) 30o
D) 40o
E) 60o
The value of
1002 982 + 962 942 + L + 82 62 + 42 22
is
A) 5 200
B) 5 100
C) 5 000
D) 4 900
6
E) 4 800
19.
20.
In the diagram, EBA is an equilateral triangle. ABCD is a square of

sides 6. E is the centre of the circle which passes through points A and
B. The area of the shaded region is
A) 9 27
B)
6 27
D) 6 3 27
E)
4 3 27
C)
9 3 27
The diagram is a non-traditional magic square that totals 105. This

total can be obtained by adding the 4 numbers along a diagonal. There
are other sets of 4 numbers giving the same total. The maximum
number of other combinations that give a total of 105 is
12
16
18
13
A) 16
B) 18
19
23
25
20
28
32
34
29
C) 20
35
39
41
36
D) 22
THE END
7
E) 24
The South African Mathematics Olympiad

Third Round 2004
Question 1
P
PQRS is a rectangle.
Determine which, if any, of the
shaded rectangles A and B
has the larger area.
Q
B
A
R
(6 Marks)
Question 2
The diagram shows a long room.

An ant wants to walk from A to B.
It can walk along the walls
and ceiling of the room.
What is the shortest distance
it could walk?
3m
5m
A
15m
(6 Marks)
Question 3
Fred added up all the positive integers from 1 to p on his calculator and obtained a
total of 2004. By mistake, however, he had entered one number twice. Find the
correct total that Fred should have obtained and the number that he added twice.
(6 Marks)
Question 4
All six faces of a cube of side length n are painted. The cube is then cut up into n3
cubes of the same size. Among these small cubes, there are some that do not have
paint on any of their faces, some have one, two or three faces painted.
For what value of n is the number of small cubes that do not have any paint on them
equal to the number of small cubes that have exactly one painted face?
(6 Marks)
Question 5
In a class of 30 learners, five take Maths, Geography and Biology. Nine take Maths
and Biology. Twenty learners take Geography, of whom twelve also take Maths.
Eighteen take Biology. Every learner takes at least one subject, and no one takes only
Maths. How many learners take only Biology?
(6 Marks)
2
Question 6
In the addition sum below, different letters stand for different digits. (For example, if
T is 3, then S cannot be 3.) Find what each letter stands for.
WHO
I S
T H I S+
I D I O T
(6 Marks)
Question 7
ABC is an isosceles right-angled triangle
with AC = AB = 2. A circular arc of radius 2
with centre C meets the hypotenuse at D,
and a circular arc of radius 2 with centre B
meets the hypotenuse at E.
Find the area of the shaded region ADE
in terms of .
B
D
C
(6 Marks)
Question 8
Two cars race around a circular track at constant speeds starting at the same point. If
they travel in opposite directions, then they meet every 30 seconds. If they travel in
the same direction, then they meet every two minutes. If the track is 1800m long,
what is the speed of each car?
(6 Marks)
Question 9
Sakhile, Danny, Nelly and Pravin are manager, coach, captain and goalkeeper for a
social hockey team, but not necessarily in that order.
1)
Sakhile is the brother of the manager.
2)
The coach and the manager are not related.
3)
Nelly is an only child.
4)
The captain is older than Danny, but is in the same class.
5)
Pravin is in the same class as Nelly.
6)
The goalkeeper is not in the same class as Pravin or Danny.
7)
Danny is Nelly's cousin.
8)
Pravin was disappointed not to have got the position of coach.
Determine which person has which position.
(6 Marks)
Question 10
All possible four-digit numbers are formed using the digits 1, 2 and 4, for example
2441 and 1112. How many of these numbers are divisible by three?
(6 Marks)
3
Question 11
(a)
Show how to place the numbers

1 to 8 at the vertices of a cube so
that the sum of the four numbers
at the corners of each face is
the same.
(b)
Explain why the two numbers at A and B

and the two numbers at C and D must
always have the same sum.
(8 Marks)
Question 12
We write out all the integers from 1 to 30, and cross out some of these so that in the
remaining list no number is equal to twice any other. Find the maximum number of
integers that can appear in this remaining list and justify why this is the maximum.
(8 Marks)
Question 13
Here is an example of five consecutive positive integers whose sum is 1000:
198 + 199 + 200 + 201 + 202 = 1000.
Find the largest number of consecutive positive integers whose sum is exactly 1000
and justify why you think this must be the largest number.
(8 Marks)
Question 14
(a)
Is it possible to cover a 7 by 7 square with

non-overlapping 3 by 1 rectangles?
(b)
Is it possible to cover a 10 by 10 square

with non-overlapping T-shaped pieces
of the kind shown on the right? Explain.
(8 Marks)
Question 15
X, Y and Z are three different digits from 1 to 9 forming the number XYZ.
For example, the digits 2, 6 and 4 would form the number 264.
Find the smallest value of

and explain why the value you have found is
++
in fact the smallest.
(8 Marks)
4

organised by the SUID-AFRIKAANSE AKADEMIE VIR WETENSKAP EN
KUNS
FIRST ROUND 2003

18 MARCH 2003
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions :
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules :
4.
5.
6.
for your use.
7.
8.
9.

E-mail:ellieo@mweb.co.za
1.
The value of 1,1 10 is

A) 1
2.
C) 1,1
D) 11,1
E)
110
C) 4
D) 16
E)
32
43 2 2 is equal to
A) 2
3.
B) 11
B) 3
Did you know? In the decimal number system (base 10) ten
different digits, 0 to 9, are used to write all the numbers. In the binary
number system (base 2) two different digits are used, i.e. 0 and 1.
Which one of the following numbers is not a valid number in the

octal number system (base 8)?
A) 128
4.
B) 127
D) 125
E) 124
At a recent Athletics Championship Sipho broke the old record of

11,01 seconds for the 100 metre race by 0,04 seconds.
The new record for the race in seconds is
A) 10,01 B) 10,04
5.
C) 126
C) 10,61
D) 11,05
E) 10,97
D) 6
E) 8
What is the units digit of 42003 ?

A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
6.
The following net is given:
Which one of the following cubes cannot be folded from this net?
B)
A)
D)
E)
Susans average mark for the four terms (numbered 1 to 4 on the

horizontal axis) of 2002 was 70%. The mark for each term is out of
50 and carries the same weight when calculating the average. Use the
graph to determine what her percentage was for the first term of 2002.
Average mark
7.
C)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2
3
Terms
equal to or more than 70%
equal to or less than 20%
between 20% and 30%
between 40% and 50%
between 50% and 70%
If 20 x 25 is expressed in the form a (4 x + b) ,

then the value of a + b is
8.
A) 20
B) 10
C) 0
D) 10
E)
20
Did you know? In a magic square the sum of the numbers in every
horizontal row, vertical column and diagonal are all the same.
9.
In this magic square,

the row total is equal to 15.
6
5
The value of x is
A) 1
10.
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 8
How many numbers between 800 and 1000 are divisible by

both 7 and 8?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6
11.
Isosceles triangles have been drawn between AB and AC with BAC = 9o .

B
9o
What is the size of the largest angle in the shaded triangle?

A) 72o
B) 81o
C) 90o
D) 126o
E) 144o
12.
A)
13.
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
2 3 4 5
1
2003
B)
2
2003
C)
202
2003
1
is equal to
2003
D)
24
2003
E)
2002
2003
Nomava visits a shop with one 20c coin and ten 50c coins. The
shopkeeper can offer change but has only two 20c coins and nine
R1 coins. She buys one item and receives the correct change.
Which one of the following is a possible price for this item?
A) R4,60
14.
B) R5,40
C) R1,40
D) R4,40
E) R5,10
Did you know?

i) A regular polygon with five
ii) A regular polygon with six
sides (pentagon) has five diagonals,

indicated by the dotted lines.
sides (hexagon) has nine diagonals,

indicated by the dotted lines.
The number of diagonals that can be drawn in a regular polygon with

twenty sides (icosagon), is
A)
190
B)
180
C)
170
D)
380
E)
19
15.
Did you know?
average speed =
Formula for speed:
total distance
total time
The distance from Siphos home to Harmony Gold mine is 120 km.
Sipho travels at 60 km/h from his home to the mine.
He is in a hurry to get back to his home in the afternoon, and travels at
120 km/h.
What is his average speed for the journey there and back in km/h?
A) 110
16.
B) 100
C) 95
D) 90
E) 80
A store sold 213 bicycles during the year 2002. For the first few months
they sold 20 bicycles per month, then for some months they sold 16
bicycles per month and in the remaining month(s) they sold 25 bicycles per
month. For how many months did they sell only 16 bicycles per month?
A)
17.
B)
C)
D)
E)
Did you know?

1 litre is the same as 1000 cm3.
The area of the cross-section of a pipe is 250 cm2. Water flows through
the pipe at a rate of 3 litres per second.
250 cm2
The speed at which the water flows through the pipe in cm/s is
A) 15
B) 1,2
C) 8
D) 6
E) 12
18.
The areas of the faces of the rectangular box are A, B and C.
B
C
A
If the volume of the box is V,
then A B C is equal to
A)
19.
2V 2 C)
B)
In the formula M =
V2
D)
E)
10n
, n is any positive integer.
1 + 2n
If n increases (gets bigger and bigger), M will
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
20.
decrease
increase
stay the same
first increase and then decrease
first decrease and then increase
A meal made with four eggs and 60 g cheese contains 560 calories.
Another meal made with six eggs and 20 g cheese also contains
560 calories.
How many calories does one (1) egg contain?
A)
60
B)
70
C)
80
D)
90
E)
THE END
100

SECOND ROUND 2003

20 MAY 2003
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Scoring rules :
in Part A:
4 marks
in Part B:
5 marks
in Part C:
6 marks
1 mark
For no answer:
0 marks
your use.

PART A:
1.
Two consecutive natural numbers add up to 2003.

The smaller of these two numbers is
A) 1001
2.
(Each correct answer is worth 4 marks)
B) 1002
C) 1003
D) 1004
E)
1000
I recently returned from a trip. Today is Friday. I returned four days

before the day after tomorrow.
On which day did I return?
A) Monday B) Tuesday C) Wednesday D) Thursday E) Friday
3.
The pie chart shows the breakdown

of the 500 runs scored by one of the
South African batsmen over the
last three years.
2003
2002
225
runs
20%
2001
The percentage of runs in 2003 is

A) 45 %
4.
B) 20 %
C) 15 %
D) 65 %
E)
35 %
Consider the following pattern:

1st row:
2nd row:
3rd row:
4th row:
1
1
1
.
3
3
.
5
.
The difference between the sums of the numbers in the 9th and 10th
rows is
A) 17
5.
B) 18
C) 19
D) 21
E)
Which one of the following is an odd number?

A) 20012 + 3
B) 20022 + 10
C) 20032 + 7
D) 20042 + 1
E) 20052 + 9
22
PART B:
6.
The measurement of is . . .
100o
30o
B
A) 30
7.
9.
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
70
E)
A supermarket always prices its goods at so many Rands and ninetynine cents. If a shopper who has bought different items has to pay
R41,71, how many items did she buy?
A) 41
8.
B) 39
C) 30
D) 19
E)
29
If a and b are integers, and a b =
b2 b
, then 3 6 is equal to
a a
A) 12
D) 8
B) 4
C) 6
E)
10
The regions marked A are equal in area, and the regions marked B
are equal in area.
6
2
B
area A
The ratio of
is
area B
A
0
A)
1
5
B)
1
4
C)
1
3
D)
1
2
E)
1
1
10
10.
If x + y = 4 , y + z = 7 and x + z = 5 the value of ( x + y + z ) is

2
A) 36
11.
B) 64
C) 100
D) 144
E)
256
ABC has D on BC such that BD = 2 and DC = 3 .
If AB = m and AD = n
then the value of m 2 n 2 is
m
n
2
B
A) 4
12.
C) 16
D) 25
E)
36
If 1 2 3 ... 199 200 is calculated, then the number of zeros at

the end of the product is
A) 42
13.
B) 9
B) 43
C)
46
D) 49
E)
52
A tank that is in the form of an inverted cone contains a liquid. The

height h, in metres, of the space above the liquid is given by the formula
7
h = 21 r where r is the radius of the liquid surface, in metres.
2
The circumference of the top of the tank, in metres is

A) 9
B) 12
C) 15
D) 18
E)
21
14.
In this diagram, there is a total of 14 squares of all sizes.
What is the total number of squares of all sizes on the board below?
A) 49
15.
D) 91
E)
105
E)
12
53
1
can be expressed as 3 +
.
1
17
x+
y
If x and y are integers the value of x + y is
PART C:
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. When 4 is added to each number

the ratio changes to 5 : 7.
The sum of the two original numbers is
A) 20
17.
C) 77
The fraction
A) 8
16.
B) 63
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35
E)
40
A local council consists of 4 female members and 3 male members.

The number of different 3-member committees consisting of 2 female
members and 1 male member which can be formed by the council is
A) 18
B) 15
C) 12
D) 9
E)
18.
Lee gave Petrus a 10 metre lead in a 100 metre race and Lee was
beaten by four metres.
What lead should Lee give Petrus in order that both finish the race
together, if their respective speeds stayed the same in both races?
A) 5,75 m B) 5,9 m C) 6,1 m
19.
6,5 m
In the addition problem TSR + PSR + RSP, Themba substitutes the

four letters with the four digits 2, 7, 5, and 3, in any order. Different
letters stand for different digits. The largest value of the sum
TSR + PSR + RSP is
A) 1579
20.
D) 6,25 m E)
B) 1499
C) 1571
D) 1701
E)
1537
Colleen, Jakes, Hendrik, Vishnu and Tandeka play a game of cops and
robbers. The robbers statements are always false while the cops
statements are always true.
a) Colleen says that Jakes is a cop.

b) Hendrik says that Vishnu is a robber
c) Tandeka says that Colleen is not a robber
d) Jakes says that Hendrik is not a cop.
e) Vishnu says that Tandeka and Colleen play on different sides.
How many robbers are there?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E)
THE END
+ $5 0 2 1 <
THE HARMONY GOLD SOUTH AFRICAN

organised by the SOUTH AFRICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ARTS
FIRST ROUND 2002

19 MARCH 2002
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions :
1.
2.
3.
Scoring rules :
4.
5.
6.
7.

1.
Find the missing number if 182 = 2002 .

A) 8
2.
D) 11
E) 12
B) 15
C) 17
D) 19
E) 20
If n = 5 then the value of (7n 5)(n 5)(3n + 5) is
A) 0
4.
C) 10
The answer to 5 2 + 4 3 is
A) 12
3.
B) 9
B) 50
C)
500
D) 5000
E) 50000
An ant covers a distance of 90 metres in 3 hours.

The average speed of the ant in centimetres per minute is
A) 30
5.
Given that
then
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
E) 70
C)
D) 36
E) 360
9
= 0,36
25
0,9
is equal to
0,25
A) 0,036
B) 0,36
3,6
6.
A square is divided into 4 identical rectangles

as shown in the diagram. The perimeter of
each of the four rectangles is 30 units.
What is the perimeter of the square?
A) 36
7.
B) 40
C)
44
D) 48
E) 52
Allison, Nomsa and Jan shared a sum of money in the ratio of 4 : 3 : 1

respectively. Allison received R70 more than Nomsa.
The total amount that was shared initially was
A) R640
8.
B) R560 C)
R480 D) R400
E)
R 320
Which of the following nets will NOT form a closed triangular prism?
A)
D)
B)
C)
E)
9.
The product of two numbers is 504 and each of the numbers is

divisible by 6. Neither of the two numbers is 6. What is the larger of
the two numbers?
A) 48
10.
B) 84
C)
72
D) 60
E) 42
Two windmills pour water into a 1 000 ) tank. One windmill pours
water into the tank at a rate of 20 ) per minute. The other windmill
pours water into the tank at 20 ) in 3 minutes.
How many minutes will it take to fill the tank?
A) 37
11.
1
2
B) 75
C) 112
1
2
D) 150
E) 175
The Ancient Romans used the following different numerals in their

number system:
I = 1
C = 100
V = 5
D = 500
X = 10
M = 1 000, etc.
L = 50
They used these numerals to make up numbers as follows:
I = 1
VI = 6
II = 2
VII = 7
III = 3
VIII = 8
IV = 4
IX = 9
V = 5
X = 10, etc.
So, for example, XCIX is 99.
What is the value of XLVI?
A) 42
B) 44
C)
46
D) 64
E) 66
12.
Did you know?
An equilateral triangle is a regular polygon with 3 equal sides,

and each interior angle is 60o.
A square is a regular polygon with 4 equal sides, and each

interior angle is 90o.
If a regular polygon has n sides, then the formula to find the size of
( n 2) 180D
. If each interior angle of a
each interior angle is
n
regular polygon measures 150, then the number of sides (n) is

A) 6
13.
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
E) 12
A solid right prism has a square base. The height

is twice the length of the side of the base. The
surface area of this prism is 160 cm2.
If 1 cm of the prism has a mass of 250 grams,

then the mass of the prism in kilograms is
A) 28
B) 32
C)
36
D) 40
E) 44
14.
The diagrams show three scales. On each scale there are different
objects on each side which balance each other, as shown.
Diagram 1
How many
A) 3
15.
1
;
3
a;
Diagram 2
-shaped objects will balance a
B) 4
b;
Diagram 3
C) 5
-object?
D) 6
E) 7
1
2
These numbers are arranged from smallest to largest. The difference

between any two adjacent (next to each other) numbers is the same.
The value of b is
A)
16.
5
12
B)
7
18
C)
4
9
D)
5
6
E)
1
4
Given the set of six numbers below:

11; 31; 19; 3; 10; 6
Three numbers are selected from the above set and added together.
The remaining three numbers are also added together. These possible
two sums are then multiplied to get a product. The maximum product is
A) 1 200
B) 1 400
C) 1500
D) 1 600
E) 1800
17.
The digit 3 is written at the right of a certain 2-digit number forming a

3-digit number. The new number is 372 more than the original 2-digit
number. The sum of the digits of the original 2-digit number is
A) 4
18.
B) 5
C)
D) 7
E) 8
Matchsticks of equal length are used to make the following figures:

i)
ii)
iii)
3 matchsticks are used for figure i).

9 matchsticks are used for figure ii).
18 matchsticks are used for figure iii).
How many matchsticks are needed for a similar figure which has 10
matchsticks along each side?
A) 84
B) 108
C) 135
D) 165
E) 180
19.
In a certain town some people were affected by a flu epidemic. In

the first month 20% of the population contracted the flu whilst 80%
were healthy.
In the following month 20% of the sick people recovered and 20% of
the healthy people contracted the disease.
What fraction of the population is healthy at the end of the second

month?
A) 0,68
20.
B) 0,60
C)
0,52
D) 0,44
E) 0,36
Mpho, Barry, Sipho, Erica and Fatima are sitting on a park bench.
Mpho is not sitting on the far right. Barry is not sitting on the far left.
Sipho is not sitting at either end. Erica is sitting to the right of Barry,
but not necessarily next to him. Fatima is not sitting next to Sipho.
Sipho is not sitting next to Barry.
Who is sitting at the far right?

A) Mpho
B) Barry
C) Sipho
D) Fatima
E) Erica
THE END
+ $5 0 2 1 <
THE HARMONY GOLD SOUTH AFRICAN

SECOND ROUND 2002

21 MAY 2002
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by answers
Scoring rules:
in Part A: 4 marks
in Part B: 5 marks
in Part C: 6 marks
1 mark
For no answer:
0 marks
Rough paper, ruler and rubber are permitted.
You will have 120 minutes working time for the question paper.

PART A:
1.
The value of 1 001 99 99 is
A) 99
2.
The value of
A)
3.
1
2
B) 990
C) 9 900
D) 99 000
E) 990 000
3 1 1
is
4 2 2
B)
1
4
C)
D)
3
4
E)
1
8
A truckload of books contains x cartons. Each carton contains y boxes and each
box contains z books. The number of books in the truckload is
A) x + y + z
4.
B) x ( y + z )
C) xy + xz + yz
The smallest integer x, for which
A) 29
B) 14
D)
xy
z
15
is an integer, is
x 1
C) 4
D) 0
E) 2
E) xyz
5.
Rand per US $
14
13
12
11
10
9
15/10/01
Oct 01
15/11/01
Nov 01
15/12/01
Dec 01
15/01/02
Jan 02
Feb 02
Date
The above graph represents the value of one United States Dollar (US $) in
South African Rand. At point X, on 15 October 2001 one US $ cost
approximately R9,31. Use the graph to determine the approximate Rand value
of one US $ on 15 January 2002.
A) less than R10
B) between R10 and R11
C) between R11 and R12
D) between R12 and R13
E) more than R13
PART B:
6.
Of the 28 Tshirts in a drawer, six are red, five are blue, and the rest are
white. If Bob selects Tshirts at random whilst packing for a holiday, what is
the least number he must remove from the drawer to be sure that he has three
Tshirts of the same colour?
A) 4
B) 13
C)
D) 19
E) 7
7.
Virginia is making 5-digit arrangements from the digits 2 and 4. An example

of such an arrangements is 22442. She was told that the first digit cannot be
a 4. How many such arrangements are there?
A)
8.
16
B)
24
C)
20
D)
E)
32
Two friends Petros and Sammy have pocket money in the ratio 3 : 5. Each
one spends R30. The ratio changes to 1 : 2. The total amount the two friends
started off with is
A) R210
9.
B) R240 C)
R270 D) R300
E)
R330
There are ten learners in an environmental club. They have decided to go on

shell collection trips. The vehicle with which they undertake the trips, can
only take eight learners at a time. Each learner goes at least once. What is the
minimum number of trips the vehicle must make so that each learner goes on
the same number of trips?
A) 2
B) 3
10.
C)
D) 5
E) 6
Q
y
2x
y
P
C
In the above diagram, ABC is equilateral. APQ is isosceles with
AQ = AP and AQ || BC. If P A C = 2x , then the size of Q in terms of x is

A) 60D + x B) 180D + 3x
D) 2 x
120D x
C)
E) 60D x
4
11.
The units digit of 2 2000 + 2 2001 + 2 2002 is

A) 0
12.
B) 2
C)
D) 6
E) 8
The total number of different

triangles in the diagram,
including ABC , is
B
A) 21
13.
B) 42
C) 63
D) 84
E) 105
A 3-digit number has x as its units digit; ( x 1) as the tens digit and
1
x as its
2
hundreds digit. The number in terms of x is
14.
A) 5x 1
B)
7x 1
D) 61x 10
E)
5
x 1
2
111x 1
C)
A company makes solid blocks with square bases.

The volume of this block is 640 cm3. Its height is
10 cm. The cost of painting all the faces of this
10 cm
block at 15c per cm2 is

A) R64,00 B) R67,20 C) R70,40 D) R73,60
E) R60,20
15.
In an alien language, jalez borg farn means good maths skills. Nurf klar
borg means maths in harmony and darko klar farn means good in gold.
What is harmony gold in this language?
A)
klar darko
B)
borg nurf
C)
jalez klar
D)
darko nurf
E)
farn borg
PART C:
16.
As a result of poor attendance at soccer matches it was decided to decrease

the ticket price by 20%. At the next match the number of tickets sold
increased by 20%. Compared to the previous match, the income from the sale
of tickets
17.
A)
increased by 20%
B)
decreased by 20%
C)
increased by 4%
D)
decreased by 4%
E)
remained the same
The mean (average) of n numbers is p . When the number q is removed

from the list of numbers averaged, then the mean (average) increases by 2.
The value of q is
A)
p 2n
B)
pn+2
C) 2 p n
D) 2 p n + 2
E)
p 2n + 2
6
18.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
10
11
23
24
12
13
25
26
In the above table each letter of the alphabet is given a value.

The algebraic expression 4 x 3 is used as a key to convert the letters
P S R X B O E into the word H A R M O N Y. Which one of the following
keys is used to convert S R X B into G O L D ?
A) x + 2
19.
B) 2 x 1
C) 3x + 2 D) 5x + 1
E) 2 x + 1
ABC is an equilateral triangle with sides

of 2 units. Using A, B and C as centres of
circles, arcs BC, AC and AB are drawn.
The shaded area is
A) 2 3 3
20.
B) 3
C)
D) 2 3
B
E)
Five children, Amelia, Bongani, Charles, Devine and Edwina, were in the
classroom when one of them broke a window. The teacher asked each of them
to make a statement about the event, knowing that three of them always lie
and two always tell the truth. Their statements were as follows:
Amelia:
Bongani:
Charles:
Devine:
Edwina:
Charles did not break it, nor did Devine.

I didnt break it, nor did Devine.
I didnt break it, but Edwina did.
Amelia or Edwina broke it.
Charles broke it.
Who broke the window?

A) Amelia
B)
Bongani
D) Devine
E)
Edwina
C) Charles
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

in collaboration with OLD MUTUAL, AMESA and SAMS
SPONSORED BY OLD MUTUAL
FIRST ROUND 2001

28 MARCH 2001
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
2. This is a multiple choice question paper. Each question is followed by
3. Scoring rules:
4. You must use an HB pencil.
7. When the invigilator gives the signal, start the problems.

KEER DIE BOEKIE OM VIR AFRIKAANS
E-mail:
akademie@mweb.co.za
1.
When 2001 is divided by 200 the remainder is

(A) 0
2.
( B) 1
( D) 10
( E) 99
( C) 9,399
( D) 93,99
( E) 939,9
If 241 39 = 9399 then

2,41 3,9 is equal to
(A) 0,09399
3.
( C) 9
( B) 0,9399
A solid triangular pyramid has six edges such as AB.

Each corner is cut off.
A
(see new figure)
How many edges will

the new figure have?
B
(A) 24
4.
( B) 9
( C) 12
( D) 15
( E) 18
( D) 16
( E) 9
If a b = a 2 b2 then 5 3 is equal to
(A) 2
( B) 15
( C) 4
5.
ABCD is a square and EAB and CFB

are equilateral triangles.
A
B
F
The size of BEF is

D
$
(A) 7,5
6.
( B) 10
( C) 11,25
C
$
( D) 12,5
A sewing machine stitches 0,6 kilometres of cloth

in one hour.
The rate of stitching of the machine in metres per
minute is
(A) 0,01
( D) 10
( B) 0,1
( E) 100
( C) 1
2
( E) 15
7.
The value of the fraction

(A)
8.
If
1
30
1
2
( E)
1
3
1 7 5
+
= then the value of x is
x 3x 6
(A) 2
9.
( B)
10 + 20 + 30 + 40 +... + 400
is
30 + 60 + 90 + 120 + ... + 1200
1
2
( C)
( D)
6
3
( B) 5
( C) 6
( D) 4
( E) 3
Did you know? A palindrome is a number which reads the same forwards
as backwards e.g. 35453.
Next year 2002 is an example of a palindromic number. What is the
difference between 2002 and the number of the previous palindromic year?
(A) 10
( B) 11
( C) 101
( D) 121
( E) 1001
10. 2001 people stand in a queue at a voting station.

There are at least 3 women between any two men.
The largest possible number of men in the queue is
(A) 500
( B) 501
( C) 502
( D) 667
( E) 668
1
6
When two dice are rolled the chance of obtaining a sum
less than 5 is
11. When a die is rolled the chance of obtaining a 5 is
(A)
1
6
( B)
1
3
( C)
5
6
( D)
2
9
( E)
5
36
12. The volume of a rectangular prism with length

a cm, width b cm and height c cm is 240 cm3.
a + b + c = 19 . Each side is 3 cm or more in
length. a, b and c are whole numbers.
The largest possible area of a face in cm2 is
b
a
(A) 15
( B) 30
( C) 40
( D) 48
3
( E) 60
13. The value of 499 497 + 495 493 + ... + 3 1 is

(A) 2
( B) 250
( C) 496
( D) 498
( E) 500
14. Did you know? The sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle is always
greater than the third side.
Twenty matchsticks of equal

length are placed to form a
triangle, as shown. The total
number of different triangles that
can be made with a perimeter of
20 matchsticks is
(A) 9
( B) 8
7
9
( C) 6
( D) 7
( E) 10
15. The sum of two consecutive numbers is S. The square of the larger number
minus the square of the smaller number is
(A) S2
( B) 2S
( D) S + 1
( C) S
( E) S 1
16. The sum of the digits of the product 999 999 777 777 is
(A) 54
( B) 63
( C) 52
17. In the adjacent figure C + D = 150
( D) 48
( E) 50
The value of A + B + E + F is
(A) 210
( B) 300
( E) 570
( D) 390
( C) 360
F
D
E
4
18. A solution containing water and a

liquid concentrate has 60%
concentrate. By adding 20 litres of
water to the solution the concentrate
is reduced to 40% of the solution.
How many litres of the original
solution is concentrate?
(A) 36
( D) 16
( B) 30
( E) 12
Concentrate
water
Solution
( C) 24
19. The odd integers are arranged in a triangular pattern as shown.

1
3
7
13
9
15
11
17
19
If this pattern continues the first number in the row which has a sum of
1 000 000 is
(A) 99
( B) 990 001
( C) 991
( D) 9 901
( E) 99 001
20. The number of terms of the sequence 4 2 ; 52 ; 6 2 ; ... 39 2 ; 40 2 that have an even
digit in the tens place is
(A) 29
( B) 28
( C) 27
( D) 26
THE END
5
( E) 25
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

SECOND ROUND 2001

29 MAY 2001
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:
For each correct answer in Part A:
4 marks
in Part B:
5 marks
in Part C:
6 marks
1 mark
For no answer:
0 marks

E-mail:
akademie@mweb.co.za
PART A:
1.
The number 36 is 12% of

(A) 250
2.
( B) 300
( B) 33n
( B) 98
(C) 3n +3
( D) 33n + 3
( E) 33n +1
(C) 42
( D) 204
( E) 168
The greatest number of Fridays that can occur in a 75 day period is

(A) 15
5.
( E) 450
Ansu works in a bookstore and has to count a number of identical books.

She arranges them in a stack 4 wide, 6 deep in 7 layers. The number of
books in the stack is
(A) 17
4.
( D) 400
3n + 3n + 3n equals
(A) 3n +1
3.
(C) 350
( B) 13
(C) 12
( D) 11
In the diagram, ABCDE is a regular pentagon.

DEF is an equilateral triangle.
The size of angle AEF is
( E) 9
A
E
(A) 168
( B) 150
( E) 170
( D) 132
(C) 120
B
D
C
2
PART B:
6.
In the weekly Lotto six different numbers are drawn randomly from the
numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 48, 49. Mphos parents bought a ticket with the
numbers 2; 17; 26; 29; 30; 43 on it. The first five numbers drawn were 17;
26; 30; 2 and 43. What is the chance that the next number drawn will be 29?
(A)
7.
1
2
1
6
(C)
1
30
( D)
1
44
( E)
1
49
( B) 15
(C) 20
( D) 24
( E) 30
( D) 100,5
( E) 300,5
Observe: 1,5 1,5 = 2,25

2,5 2,5 = 6,25
3,5 3,5 = 12,25
The value of
if = 9900,25 is
(A) 33,5
9.
( B)
The extra time, in minutes, that it would take to cover a distance of 120 km
travelling at an average speed of 60 km/h instead of 72 km/h would be
(A) 12
8.
( B) 66,5
(C) 99,5
The entrance fee at a concert was R5 per child and R16 per adult. A total of
R789 was raised. The maximum number of people who could have
attended the concert was
(A) 37
( B) 38
(C) 138
( D) 149
( E) 157
10. Given that (21) 4 = 194481 then (0,21) 4 equals

(A) 0,000194481
( D) 19,4481
( B) 0,00194481
( E) 1944,81
11. ABCD is a rectangle such that AD = 2AB.

If AC = 5d , then the perimeter of ABCD is
(C) 0,194481
5d
(A) 4 5 d
(D) 6d
(B) 6 5 d
(E) 8d
(C) 10d
B
3
12. How many non-isosceles triangles of perimeter 23 units can be formed with
sides of whole number units?
(A) 6
( B) 8
(C) 13
( D) 23
( E) 66
13. Note: The recurring decimal 3, 4587 means 3,458745874587...
1
1
1 1
If recurring decimals = 0,142857 and = 0, 3, what is + as a
7
3
7 3
recurring decimal?
(A) 0, 442854
( B) 0,142860
( D) 0, 47619
(C) 0, 476190
( E) 0, 4762
14. The chicken on Thabos farm can gain weight at the rate of 20% per week.
Thabo wants them to double their weight before he sells them. The
minimum number of weeks he needs to keep them is
(A) 3
( B) 4
(C) 5
( D) 6
( E) 7
15. Two athletes, Johnny and Sarah, are running in opposite directions on a
track after they have started at the same point. Every time they meet one
another, Sarah gives Johnny R1. Sarah runs three times as fast as Johnny.
The number of laps Sarah has to complete to make sure that Johnny
collects R120 is
(A) 30
PART C:
( B) 40
(C) 50
( D) 60
( E) 90
16. By placing a 2 at both ends of a number, the numbers value is increased by

2317. The sum of the digits of the original number is
(A) 9
( B) 8
(C) 7
( D) 6
4
( E) 5
17. Six numbers are represented by a; b; c; d; e and f. The average of a; b; c;

and d is 10. The average of b; c; d; e and f is 14. If f is twice the value of a
then the average of a and e is
(A) 10
( B) 11
(C) 12
18. Water flows through a network of pipes

in the direction shown in the diagram
from A to B. Five taps are on the network
as shown. Each tap can be opened or
closed to let water through or to stop
A
5
the flow of the water. There are 2 = 32
different ways of setting the taps.
How many of these 32 ways will
allow water to flow from A to B?
(A) 17
( B) 16
(C) 15
( D) 13
( E) 15
Tap 2
Tap 1
Tap 3
B
Tap 5
Tap 4
( D) 14
( E) 13
19. ABC is a wooden equilateral triangular block with P as its centre. The
block is rolled clockwise on a flat surface such that one side touches the
surface each time it is rolled.
A
P
B
P
C
If PC = 2 units, what is the length of the path of object P in the above

diagram?
(A) 12 3
( B) 2
(C) 8
( D) 6
( E) 14 3
20. From the numbers 1; 2; 3; 4; 500 a sequence is formed by deleting

numbers so that no two remaining numbers have a sum which is a multiple
of 7. The maximum number of numbers in this sequence is
(A) 216
( B) 217
(C) 213
( D) 287
THE END
5
( E) 284
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

FIRST ROUND 2000

12 APRIL 2000
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:

P.O. BOX 538, PRETORIA, 0001 TEL: (012) 328-5082 FAX (012) 328-5091
E-mail:
akademie@mweb.co.za
1.
1 1 1
equals
2 2 2
(A)
2.
1
2
( B)
1
4
(C) 0
( D)
1
8
How many boxes

identical to Box B will
fill Box A exactly?
( E)
1
2
6 cm
Box A
(A) 24
(C) 12
( E) 5
3.
2 cm
What number should be in the square in the following pattern of numbers?

1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
6
4
1
5
10
10
5
1
15
15
6
In the figure, CBA and CDE are

straight lines.
= 1300 ,
= 1100 and EDB
If ABD
then C equals
(A) 300
( B) 400
( D) 600
( E) 700
A
B
110o
(C) 500
130o
C
5.
5 cm
Box B
4 cm
10 cm
(A) 5
( B) 20
(C) 21
( D) 10
( E) 25
4.
1 cm
( B) 10
( D) 18
The value of 0,3 0,4 + 0,3 0,9 is

(A) 3,9
( B) 0,189
(C) 1,3
( D) 0,78
2
( E) 0,39
6.
If a b = (2 a ) + (3 b) then the value of 2 (3 5) is

(A) 30
7.
(C) 41
( D) 21
( E) 67
( B) 2
(C) 1
( D) 625
( E) 4
104
equals
54
(A) 16
8.
( B) 19
The number of times the hour hand and the minute

hand of a clock form a right angle with each other
between 06:00 and 12:00 on the same day is
11
12
10
3
4
(A) 12
( D) 6
9.
( B) 11
( E) 5
(C) 10
The average (arithmetic mean) of three numbers is 18. If one of the

numbers is replaced by the number 38, then the average of the three
numbers is 23. The original number that was replaced is
(A) 38
( B) 23
(C) 15
( D) 18
( E) 33
10. If the following pattern continues and the

numbers in the 100th row are added, the answer
will be
1
5
3
7
(A) 1 000 000

(C) 1 000
( E) 100 000
( B) 1 600
( D) 10 000
13
11
9
15
17
19
4
of a container with water. The time, in hours, that
5
it takes to fill the remainder of the container, at the same rate, is
11. It takes 8 hours to fill
(A) 1
( B) 4
(C) 2
( D) 1,6
3
( E) 2,5
( B) 72
(C) 216
( B) 32
( E) 28
m
6c
( D) 36
13. The letters A to I represent numbers. The

numbers are added vertically and horizontally
to give the numbers in the last row (17; P; Q)
and the last column (20; 14; 12).
The value of P + Q is
(A) 29
( D) 26
(C) 31
( E) 108
20
14
12
17
14. Four cubes of equal size are given. One is

coloured green, one red, one blue and one
yellow. The number of different ways they
can be stacked one upon the other is
(A) 4
( D) 24
( B) 9
( E) 64
m
3c
(A) 18
3 cm
3 cm
12. Two ants start at point A and walk at

the same pace. One ant walks around
a 3 cm by 3 cm square whilst the
other walks around a 6 cm by 3 cm
rectangle. What is the minimum
distance, in centimetres, any one must
cover before they meet again?
Yellow
Blue
(C) 16
Red
Green
15. Mary was given the task of removing all multiples of 2 and 3 from the set
of numbers from 1 to 100. The number of numbers that remained was
(A) 17
( B) 33
(C) 18
( D) 34
4
( E) 26
16. The size of angle x, in degrees, in the regular

octagon is
(A) 90
( D) 60
( B) 67,5
( E) 75
(C) 45
x
17. ABCD is a rectangle. E and F are

midpoints of AB and CB respectively.
If the area of the shaded AEF is
7 cm2, then the area of rectangle
ABCD, in square centimetres, is
(A) 28
( D) 35
( B) 49
( E) 56
(C) 42
A
18. Three rulers and one pencil cost the same as two erasers. One ruler, two
pencils and three erasers cost R25. If the price of each item is a whole
number of Rands, then the price of an eraser is
(A) R 2
( B) R 3
( E) impossible to find
(C) R 4
( D) R5
19. Increasing 800 10x by 10% gives 600 6x. The value of x equals
(A) 45
( B) 40
(C) 56
( D) 80
( E) 50
20. The sum of the first n odd natural numbers is 2304.

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 +
= 2304
n numbers
The value of n is
(A) 123
( B) 50
(C) 46
( D) 48
THE END
5
( E) 69
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

SECOND ROUND 2000

6 JUNE 2000
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:
For each correct answer in Part A:
4 marks
in Part B:
5 marks
in Part C:
6 marks
1 mark
For no answer:
0 marks

E-mail:
akademie@mweb.co.za
PART A:
1.
The units digit of the product 11 13 15 is

(A) 1
2.
The number
(A) 0
4.
( E) 9
( B) 2 3 53
(C) 32 54
( D) 2 4 53
( E) 2 3 54
2,001 2,000
is closest to
1,999
( B)
1
4
(C) 2
( D)
1
2
( E) 1
8
.
11
The same number is subtracted from the denominator of the fraction.
2
If the resulting fraction is equivalent to , the number subtracted is
3
( B) 2
( C) 3
( D) 4
( E) 5
If 100 is divided by the positive integer x, the remainder is 2. If 198 is

divided by x, the remainder is
(A) 1
PART B:
6.
( D) 7
A natural number is subtracted from the numerator of the fraction
(A) 1
5.
(C) 5
The number 2000 can be written in exponent form as

(A) (2 3) 3
3.
( B) 3
( B) 2
( C) 3
( D) 4
( E) 5
A cube-shaped water tank has dimensions 1 m 1 m 1 m . Water is

flowing into the tank at a constant rate of 2 /minute. The rate at which the
water level is rising is
[Note: 1 =1 000 cm3]
(A) 0,1 cm / min
( D)1,2 cm / min
( B) 0,2 cm / min
( E) 2 cm / min
( C)1 cm / min
7.
You wish to travel from A to B along the lines as

shown in the sketch. You may only move
downwards. The number of different paths from
A to B is
(A) 9
( D) 12
8.
( B) 10
( E) 13
( C) 11
B
How many numbers from 11 to 99 have the sum of their digits a square
number?
(A) 14
9.
( B) 15
( C) 16
( D) 17
( E) 18
The product of all the natural numbers from 1 to n can be written as n!. For
example 5! = 1 2 3 4 5 = 120 . Find the smallest number n such that
n! is divisible by 990.
(A) 9
( B) 10
( C) 11
( D) 12
( E) 13
10. It requires 12 litres of paint to paint the 6 sides of a cube with dimensions
2m 2m 2m . The number of litres of paint required to paint the outside
of a rectangular box with dimensions 4m 1m 8m is
(A) 40
( B) 44
( C) 45
( D) 47
( E) 49
11. Just before her last mathematics test this year Thandis average mathematics
mark was 89%. She scored 97% in the last test and her average is now 90%.
The number of mathematics tests she wrote this year is
(A) 5
( B) 9
( C) 7
( D) 13
12. In the diagram, ABCD is a square with diagonal

AC. BCE is an equilateral triangle.
( E) 8
The size of angle ACE is

$
( B) 60
( E) 120
(A) 105
( D) 135
(C) 90
E
3
13. Each side of a regular hexagon is extended by a

length equal to its own length. The end points of the
new segments are joined to form a new and larger
regular hexagon. What fraction of the area of the
bigger hexagon does the smaller hexagon occupy?
1
3
3
( D)
8
(A)
1
2
1
( E)
6
( B)
(C)
1
4
14. A class survey found that 25 learners watched TV on Monday, 20 on

Tuesday and 16 on Wednesday. Of those who watched TV on only one of
the days, 11 chose Monday, 7 chose Tuesday and 6 chose Wednesday. If
each learner watched on at least one of the days and 7 watched on all 3
days, how many learners are there in the class?
(A) 61
( B) 45
( C) 41
( D) 39
( E) 38
15. The length of the diagonal of a square is d.

The area of the square is
1
(A) d 2
2
(D) 2d 2
PART C:
d2
2
(E) 2d 2
(B)
(C) d 2
16. Suppose two natural numbers are represented by n2 and n2 1. Which of

the following must necessarily be true?
(A) Both are odd numbers.
(B) Both are even numbers.
(C) Both numbers are multiples of 4.
(D) Exactly one of the numbers is a multiple of 4.
(E) The sum of the numbers is even.
17. A box contained 31 sweets. On Monday Sam ate
3
of the number Pam ate
4
2
of the number Pam ate on Tuesday.
3
Then all the sweets had been eaten. How many sweets did Sam eat?
on Monday. On Tuesday Sam ate
(A) 6
( B) 7
( C) 10
( D) 11
( E) 13
18. A slow train travelling from Springs to Soweto arrives 9 minutes late when
travelling at 36 km/h. If it travels at 27 km/h it arrives 39 minutes late.
What is the distance between Springs and Soweto?
(A) 54
( B) 90
( C) 48
( D) 36
( E) 64
19.
A coin with a mark on it as shown above is rolled without sliding along a

straight line. The path the mark follows during one revolution is:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
20. A sealed envelope contains a card with a single digit on it. Three of the
following statements are true and the other is false.
I
The digit is 1
II The digit is 2
III The digit is not 3
IV The digit is not 4
Which one of the following must be correct?
(A) I is false.
(B) II is true.
(D) III is false.
(E) IV is true.
(C) II is false.
THE END
5
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

FIRST ROUND 1999

29 APRIL 1999
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:
Each correct answer is worth: 3 marks in Part A,
5 marks in Part B and
7 marks in Part C.
There is no penalty for an incorrect answer or an unanswered question.

E-mail:
akademie@mweb.co.za
PART A:
1.
1+ 2 + 3+ 4
is equal to
1 2 5
(A) 0
2.
1
2
1
( D)
6
( E) 4
1
8
1
( E)
4
( B)
( C)
1
3
( B) 6
( C) 5
( D) 8
( E) 9
For long distance telephone calls, Telkom charges 30,9 cents per metering
unit of 13,6 seconds. The cost of a 3 minute long distance call to the nearest
rand is
(A) R 3,00
5.
( D) 3
If two dice are rolled, which total is most likely?

(A) 7
4.
( C) 2
Noni knits a blanket. She uses 2 colours and follows

the pattern as shown. The fraction of the blanket
knitted in the darker shade is
(A)
3.
( B) 1
( B) R 7,00
( C) R 5,00
( D) R 6,00
( E) R 4,00
A rectangular carpet has a perimeter of 16 m and area 15 m 2 . The lengths

of the sides of the carpet in metres are
(A) 10 and 6
( B) 15 and 1
( C) 8 and 2
( D) 7,5 and 2 ( E) 5 and 3
PART B:
6.
A five sided regular polygon is drawn with dotted diagonal

lines as shown from one vertex to the other vertices. If a
regular polygon has 50 sides and diagonals are drawn from
one vertex to the other vertices, how many diagonals are there?
(A) 46
7.
( B) 47
( E) 50
( B) R4 million
( E) R4 000 million
( C) R2 million
Approximately how far away did the lightning strike if I heard the sound
of the thunder 12 seconds after I saw the lightning?
(Let the speed of sound be 332 m/sec.)
(A) 1 km
9.
( D) 49
Suppose there are 20 million learners attending schools in South Africa of

which ten percent are in Grades 8 and 9. Each learner in Grade 8 and 9
must receive a Mathematics text book costing R30, a set of language books
costing R70, a science text book costing R40 and a history book at R60.
What is the total cost for the Department of Education if they have to
purchase all these text books?
(A) R40 million
( D) R400 million
8.
( C) 48
( B) 12 km
( C) 6 km
( D) 24 km
( E) 4 km
Dr Maharaj travels 45 000 km in his car. During that time he changes the
tyres, including the spare, regularly so that at the end of the 45 000 km
journey each tyre has the same amount of wear. How many kilometres of
wear does each tyre have?
(A) 45 000
( B) 9 000
( C) 36 000
( D) 18 000
( E) 27 000
10. Anusha has 3 questions correct in section A of this paper and 7 correct in
section B. She hopes to score 60% to advance to the next round. The least
number of questions she must get right in section C is
(A) 1
( B) 2
( C) 3
( D) 4
( E) 5
11. Circle, centre O, has triangles AOC and COB

drawn inside it. AOB is a straight line.
B
o
58
If OBC = 58 then the size of OCA is

$
O
y
(A) 58
( B) 60
( E) 30
( D) 32
( C) 64
12. The cost of 2 pens and 3 rulers is R1,90. If a pen costs 20 cents more than a
ruler, then the cost of 2 rulers and 3 pens in rand is
(A) 2,10
( B) 1,90
( C) 2,50
( D) 1,50
( E) 2,00
13. In the 20th century (1901 2000), how many years are divisible by 6?
(A) 15
( B) 16
( C) 17
( D) 24
( E) 96
(A) 1,57
( C) 1,79
( E) 0,92
( B) 1,67
( D) 1,37
10 cm
14. A birthday present is tied with

ribbon as shown. The bow, knots
and ends used 47 cm of ribbon. The
total length of the ribbon used, in
metres, is
cm
15
20 cm
15. A target consists of rings of width 1 cm. The radius of the

inner black circle is 1 cm. Determine how many times the
area of the outer black ring is bigger than the area of the
inner black circle.
(A) 9
( B) 3
( C) 7
( D) 4
( E) 5
PART C:
16. In this addition, different letters stand for different digits, but each letter
represents the same digit each time it appears. If the letter O stands for 7,
what digit must U represent?
+
=
(A) 5
TWO
TWO
FOUR
( B) 6
( C) 4
17. The areas of the faces of a rectangular

box are 84 cm2, 70 cm2 and 30 cm2.
The volume of the box in cm3 is
(A) 96
( B) 420
( C) 5 880
( D) 3
( E) 2
70 cm2
2
84 cm2
( D) 88 200
18. The diameter of the big circle is divided

into 5 parts. These five parts are the
diameters of new circles as shown. If the
circumference of the big circle is 30 cm,
then the sum of the circumferences of the
5 smaller circles is
(A) smaller than 30 cm
( B) 30 cm
( C) 45 cm
( D) 60 cm
( E) 30 cm
cm
30
( E) 176 400
19. You have 3 weights: 1 kg, 3 kg and 9 kg

as well as an equal arm balance, as
shown. How many different weight
objects can you weigh with these three?
[Remember the weights may be placed
on either side]
(A) 13
( B) 15
( C) 9
1 kg
3 kg
9 kg
( D) 11
( E) 7
20. In the star,
A + B+ C + D + E + F + G =
A
C
(A) 720
( B) 540
( E) 900
( D) 300
( C) 360
G
D
F
E
THE END
A man is like a fraction whose numerator is what he is

and whose denominator is what he thinks of himself.
The larger the denominator the smaller the fraction.

In H. Eves Return to Mathematical Circles, Boston: Prindle, Weber and Schmidt, 1989.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

SECOND ROUND 1999

22 JUNE 1999
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:
Each correct answer is worth: 3 marks in Part A,
7 marks in Part C.

E-mail:
akademie@mweb.co.za
PART A:
1.
If (1 053 15) 450 = 15, then =

(A) 603
2.
(B) Tuesday
(E) Friday
(C) Wednesday
B
80 cm2
C
D
60
cm 2
E
F
( B) 24
( C) 20
( E) impossible to determine.
( B) 22
( C) 20
( D) 18
( E) 16
In isosceles ABC , AB = 2BC. If the perimeter of ABC is 200 mm, then

the length of AC in millimetres is
(A) 120
6.
( E) 60,3
To pin up a rectangular picture Sam needs

4 pins, one at each corner. For two pictures
he needs only 6 pins since he can overlap
pictures. What is the smallest number of pins
he needs to pin up 10 pictures?
(A) 24
5.
( D) 1 023
The figures ABCD and BGFE are

overlapping rectangles as shown. The area
of rectangle ABCD is 80 cm2 and the area
of rectangle BGFE is 60 cm2.
The difference in area, in cm2, between
the black areas ABED and BCEFG is
(A) 40
( D) 12
4.
( C) 1 050
Freedom Day, 27 April 1999, was celebrated on a Tuesday. On what day of

the week will we celebrate Freedom Day in the year 2010?
(A) Monday
(D) Thursday
3.
( B) 105
( B) 40
( C) 50
( D) 10
( E) 80
1 000 dots are evenly spaced on the circumference of a circle. They are
numbered from 1 to 1 000 with dot 1 000 opposite dot 500. Which dot is
opposite dot 657?
(A) 156
( B) 157
( C) 158
( D) 159
( E) 160
PART B:
7.
Three parties contested an election with 100 000 voters who all cast valid
votes. One of the parties won the election, obtaining more votes than either
of the other two parties. What is the smallest number of votes this party
could have obtained?
(A) 33 333
8.
( B) 33 334
( C) 50 000
( D) 50 001
Three figures consist of alternate black and

white square tiles as shown. If this pattern
continues, what percentage of the number of
tiles in the 50th figure will be black?
(A) 49
9.
( B) 50
( C) 51
1st
( D) 66
( E) 66 667
2nd
2
3
3rd
( E) 75
If the length to breadth ratio is the same whether a book is opened or

closed, find the ratio of length to breadth.
(A) 2 : 1
( B) 2 : 2
( C) 2 : 1
( D) 4 : 1
( E) 8 : 1
10. The LCM of 42 and n is 462. Then n cannot be

(A) 33
( B) 66
( C) 88
( D) 231
11. In rectangle ABCD, AD = 12 cm, AB = 7 cm and

EF = 5 cm. The black area, in cm2, is
( E) 462
B
(A) 42
( B) 35
( C) 49
( D) 56
( E) Impossible to find with the given information.
A
12. In the following calculation, a and b represent missing digits.

If 79 287 a21 = 2b7 , then a + b =
(A) 3
( B) 4
( C) 7
( D) 8
( E) 13
13. Each male honey-bee has a single female parent whilst each female honeybee has both a male and a female parent. In the 10th generation back, only,
how many ancestors does a male honey-bee have?
(A) 89
( B) 144
( C) 10
( D) 512
( E) 233
14. In ABC AB = AC and BD = BC.
If ABD = 36 , the size of ABC in degrees is

(A) 45
( D) 54
( B) 72
( E) 60
( C) 75
36
PART C:
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to a circle?
16. A solid cube with 3 metre side lengths has square

holes cut through it from the middle of each face
to the middle of the opposite face, as shown.
The three holes intersect in the middle of the cube.
The square windows so produced have side
lengths of 1 metre each. What is the total surface
area, in square metres, of the new solid?
(A) 72
( B) 76
( C) 78
3m
(A) The area is sometimes numerically larger than the circumference.

(B) The area is always numerically larger than the circumference.
(C) The area and circumference are never numerically the same.
(D) When the circumference of a circle doubles then the area also doubles.
(E) The circumference is always numerically larger than the area.
( D) 80
1m
3
3m
( E) 84
17. A woman arrives at the station at the same time every day. Her husband
drives from home to the station to pick her up. They always arrive back at
their house at the same time every day, driving at the same speed. One day
she arrives at the station one hour early and starts to walk home. Her
husband meets her along the road and they drive home together. They
arrived home 10 minutes earlier than usual. Assuming all speeds of walking
and driving are constant and all transfers are immediate, how long had the
woman been walking when her husband met her? (answer in minutes)
(A) 10
( B) 50
( C) 55
( D) 70
( E) 90
18. What is the unit digit of 21999 + 32000 ?

(A) 1
( B) 3
( C) 5
( D) 7
( E) 9
19. How many numbers are there in the list 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, , 10 000 which
contain exactly two consecutive 9s such as 993, 1992 and 9929 but NOT
9295 or 1999?
(A) 280
( B) 271
( C) 270
( D) 261
( E) 123
20. An ant walks around a triangle with sides 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm so that it
always stays 1 cm from the outside of the triangle. When it returns to its
starting point for the first time, in cm, it has walked
(A) 19
( B) 21
( C) 24
( D) 18 +
THE END
( E) 18 + 2
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

FIRST ROUND 1998

10 MARCH 1998
TIME: 60 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:
Each correct answer is worth:
3 marks in Part A,
7 marks in Part C.

PART A:
1.
7 is equal to
5
(A) 1, 2
2.
(E) 14
,
(B) 2,5
(C) 25
(D) 50
(E) 2 500
(B) 11,114
(C) 11,006
(D) 11,116
(E) 11,104
(B) 40,2
(E) 45,0
(D) 27
(E) 24
(C) 44,0
The value of 1 9 9 8 is
1+ 9 + 9 +8
(A) 1
PART B:
6.
(D) 1,6
What mass, in kilograms, is indicated

on the scale?
(A) 42,0
(D) 40,4
5.
(C) 1,7
12, 34 1, 234 equals

(A) 11,106
4.
(B) 1,5
50% of 50 equals
(A) 1
3.
(B) 4
(C) 0
The desks in a classroom are arranged in straight rows. John is in the third
row from the front and the fourth row from the back. He is also third from
the left end of a row and fifth from the right.
How many desks are in the classroom?
(A) 24
(B) 30
(C) 35
(D) 42
( E) 56
7.
In a contest to guess the number of balloons in a bunch, Sarah guessed 25,

Betty guessed 31, Nomsa guessed 29, Jakkie guessed 23 and Edith
guessed 27. Two guesses were wrong by 2, and two guesses were wrong
by 4. The other guess was correct. The number of balloons in the bunch
was
(A) 29
8.
(C) 25
( D) 31
(E) 23
If 3 ! means 1 2 3 , thus 3 ! = 6 and if 4 ! means 1 2 3 4 , thus

4 ! = 24 , then 6! is equal to
(A) 120
9.
(B) 27
(B) 384
(C) 720
(D) 1 008
(E) 5 040
How many different rectangles, with natural numbers as side lengths, can
be constructed so that the perimeter of each rectangle is 16?
(A) 7
(B) 5
(C) 4
(D) 2
(E) 1
(D) 30
(E) 29
10. Sipho has made a cylindrical clay pot.

His sister, Thandi, wants to decorate it
with a triangular pattern as shown in the
sketch. If the triangles are equilateral, of
side 5 cm and the circumference of the pot
is 1 metre then the total number of triangles
in the pattern is
(A) 20
(B) 40
(C) 39
11. Which one of the following fractions lies between 1 and 2 ?

2
3
(A) 17
24
(B) 1
3
(C) 1
4
(D) 7
12
(E) 3
4
12. In the diagram the lengths of

some of the sides are indicated
using letters. The length of p
in terms the other letters is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
wx y
w 3x 2 y
w 3x + 2 y
w+x+ y
w + 3x + 2 y
13. The greatest number of Mondays which can occur in 45 consecutive

days is
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7
( D) 8
14. If AOB = 60$ and COD = 30$ , the

fraction of the area of the circle which is
(A) 1
3
( D) 1
5
(B) 1
9
(E) 1
4
PART C:
(B) 32
(E) 45
shaded is
(C) 1
6
15. A beam of light shines from a point

at point P, and reaches a point T so that
Then x is
(A) 26
( D) 38
(E) 9
S, reflects off a reflector (mirror)

PT is perpendicular to RS.
(C) 37
16. A march goes through the streets from the

School (S) to the
Community Centre (CC) If the march can only travel East or South, then the
number of different possible routes is
(A) 6
(B) 10
(C) 4
( D) 8
(E) 9
17. ( 23 = 2 2 2 and 25 = 2 2 2 2 2 )
If 2 x + 3y = 41, where x and y are natural numbers,
then the value of x + y is
(A) 9
(B) 8
(C) 7
(D) 6
(E) 5
( D) 7
(E) 9
18. The last digit of the number 3100 is

(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 3
19. Saul plays a video game in which he scores 4 for a hit and 6 for a miss.
After 20 rounds his score is 30. The number of times he has missed is
(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 6
( D) 15
(E) 4
20. Solomon went to the shopping centre to buy supplies for his mathematics
project. He spent half of what he had plus R2 in the first shop, half of
what he then had left plus R1 in the second shop, half of what he then
had left plus R1 in the third shop and, in the fourth shop half of all he had
left. Three rand was left over. How much money did he start with?
(A) R32
(B) R48
(C) R56
(D) R64
(E) R72
THE SOUTH AFRICAN

SECOND ROUND 1998

26 MAY 1998
TIME: 120 MINUTES
Instructions:
3. Scoring rules:
Each correct answer is worth:
3 marks in Part A,
7 marks in Part C.

PART A:
1.
The value of 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 is
(A) 1
2.
3.
( B) 2
( C) 20
The polygon has sides which meet at right angles.

Side lengths are as shown. The perimeter of the
polygon is
(A) 44
( D) 22
( B) 34
( C) 32
( E) impossible to find.
If a - b = ab +
a
, then 6 - 2 is equal to
b
1
( B) 15
( C) 12
3
(A) 39
4.
In the diagram P = 90 and PQ = 8 cm.

If the area of MPQ is 24 cm 2 , then the
perimeter of the triangle in cm is
(A) 24
( D) 54
5.
( D) 60
( B) 40
( E) 48
( C) 18
( E) 120
2
8
12
( D) 12
( E) 11
In an orchard with m orange trees, every tree produced p oranges. Some

3
oranges were lost due to a hailstorm and mp oranges remained.
4
The percentage of oranges lost was
(A) 75
( B) 40
( C) 30
( D) 25
2
( E) 10
6.
One day I noticed that my newspaper had 24 pages and that page 6 and
page 20 were on the same double sheet. Which other pages were also on
this sheet?
(A) 7 & 19
PART B:
7.
( C) 5 & 19
( D) 7 & 21
( E) 8 & 22
Two gears, one with 15 teeth and the

other one with 20 teeth, fit together as
shown in the figure. Each has a marked
tooth as indicated. After how many
rotations of the gear with 15 teeth will the
marked tooth be together again for the
first time?
(A) 1
8.
( B) 5 & 21
( B) 2
( C) 3
( D) 4
( E) 5
Which one of the following is not a prime number?

(A) 2 2 2 + 1
( B) 23 2 2 + 2 1
( C) 2 4 23 + 22 2 + 1
( D) 25 2 4 + 23 2 2 + 2 1
( E) 26 25 + 2 4 23 + 22 2 + 1
9.
The length and width of a rectangle are both doubled. When the new
rectangle is compared to the original rectangle
(A) the area and the perimeter are unchanged.
(B) the area and the perimeter are both doubled.
(C) the area is 4 times the original area and the perimeter is doubled.
(D) the area is doubled and perimeter is 4 times as large
as the original perimeter.
(E) the area and the perimeter are both 4 times as large
as the original area and perimeter.
3
10. A fruit vendor makes a display with her

peaches in a pyramid structure. The
pyramid has a square base. She manages to
make a display six layers high. The number
of peaches she needs for this display is
(A) 21
( B) 84
( C) 91
11. In the diagram the angle m is
( D) 72
( E) 36
2
the size of n.
3
The value of m is
$
( B) 60
( E) 84
(A) 75
( D) 96
( C) 54
30 o
12. My teacher had 3 big boxes of sweets. One box contained red sweets, one
green and one yellow. Each learner was given 5 sweets of two different
colours. Every learner in the class received a different combination of
colours. What was the maximum number of learners that could have been
in the class?
(A) 10
( B) 12
( C) 15
( D) 18
( E) 60
13. In the diagram, the sloping line divides the area

of the rectangle in the ratio 1 : 4.
What is the ratio a : b?
(A) 1 : 1
( D) 1 : 4
( B) 1 : 2
( E) 2 : 3
( C) 1 : 3
4
1
4
a
b
14. The remainder when 31998 is divided by 5 is

(A) 0
PART C:
( B) 1
( C) 2
( D) 3
( E) 4
15. How many black tiles will be required to build the 15th figure in the given
pattern?
...
1st.
(A) 403
2nd
( B) 365
3rd
( C) 481
15th
( D) 421
16. Two lines AB and CD intersect at 90 in O and

start rotating around O in different directions as
shown. AB rotates at one revolution every two
minutes and CD at three revolutions a minute.
After how many seconds will the lines be
concurrent (i.e. on top of each other) for the first
time?
( E) 225
(A)13
( B) 4
1
11
( C) 4
2
7
( D) 5
2
3
17. ABCD and XYCZ are squares. The area inside

square ABCD, but outside square XYCZ is 30
square units. If DY = 10, then the length of CD is
(A) 35
( B) 65
( D) 10
( E) 8
( E) 6
130
2
( C)
X
A
5
Y
B
18. Danie has three types of marbles: small, medium and large. He finds that
18 small marbles and 6 medium marbles weigh as much as 5 large
marbles. He also finds that 2 medium marbles and 1 large marble weigh as
much as 10 small marbles. The number of small marbles that weigh as
much as 1 large marble is
(A) 7
( B) 6
( C) 5
( D) 4
( E) 3
19. The houses and trees in the diagram are all in a straight line. In each of the
six houses lives a child. At which tree should the children meet so that the
sum of the distances they walk to that tree is a minimum?
(A) A
( B) B
( C) C
( D) D
( E) Impossible to determine.
20. Three girls A, B and C run in a 100 m race. When A finishes, B is 10 m

behind A and when B finishes C is 20 m behind B. How far in metres was
C from A when A finished?
(Lets assume all the athletes run at a constant speed)
(A) 30
( B) 29,5
( C) 29
( D) 28,5
THE END
6
( E) 28

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SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD

2015 FIRST ROUND

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001

Organisations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society,

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

The value of 2 (0 (1 5)) is

(D) Wednesday (E) Thursday

(E) 120 000

The last digit of 2011 2013 2015 2010 2012 2014 is

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

If a b means the value of ab + a + b, and 5 x = 35, the value of x must be

Ten cubes are glued together as shown in the diagram

In the figure, triangle ABC is

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

The diagram shows three intersecting

A tick and a cross are to be placed in the grid of 16

The shaded area in the diagram is formed when

ABCD is a square. M is the midpoint

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

ABCD is a rectangle and P is a point on BC.

How many of the integers between 97 and 199 are multiples of 2 or 3?

The midpoints of the sides of a square are joined to form a new

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD

2015 FIRST ROUND

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001

Organisations involved: AMESA, SA Mathematical Society,

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

The value of 2 (0 (1 5)) is

(E) 120 000

Ten cubes are glued together as shown in the diagram

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

In the diagram, w x y z equals

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

A tick and a cross are to be placed in the grid of 16

ABCD is a rectangle and P is a point on BC.

ABC is right-angled at A, and ABP is equilateral

If a + 2b = 13 and 5a 2b = 5, the value of b is

The number of different positive integers such that

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

ABCD is a square. M is the midpoint of

Two squares are adjacent to each other as shown.

How many of the integers between 97 and 199 are multiples of 2 or 3?

Two circles have the same centre O, and the

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SOUTH AFRICAN MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD

2015 SECOND ROUND

Time: 120 minutes

PRIVATE BAG X173, PRETORIA, 0001

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

HOW TO COMPLETE THE ANSWER SHEET

If 3x 216 = 0, determine the value of x.

Compiled by and downloaded from www.erudits.com.ng

Part A (4 marks each)

What is the value of (5 1) + (0 2) ?

How many positive factors of 128 are not factors of 120?

For how many positive values of n are both

When simplified, the fraction

n and 2n two-digit integers?

Part B (5 marks each)

The circle centre O has radius 4 cm. If the area of

The diagram shows a 6 cm by 8 cm

When a water-tank is 30% empty it has 30 litres more in it than when it is