Laser

Security
Alarm

Content: Introduction
Material Requited
Details Of Components
Used
Circuit Diadram
Working
Application & Uses

Introduction:LASER BASED SECURITY ALARM's design provides

inexpensive yet effective form of protection against
intruders as well as it can be easily used to secure
the building e.g banks. As it is highly sensitive due
to the light activated alarm circuit. LASER-Ray goes
through long distance without scattering effect and
the Ray is almost invisible. Only the radiation point
and incident point is visible. So by this security
project we can make an invisible boundary of a
sensitive area. There is two part of the system. One
is transmitterand other is receiver.
Transmitter can be any light or Laser light(best due
to less scattering).The receiver side, there is a
focusing LDR (Light depending Resistor) sensor to
sense the LASER continuously. One is filtered the
signal of discontinuity ray and others is alarm
circuit. When anybody crossover the invisible ray
the main circuit sense the discontinuity by sensor
and turn on the alarm circuit. We call it as Laser
Based Security alarm as it is a Light Activated
Alarm circuit.

Materials required: transistor

Light depended diode

Buzzer
Capacitors
Resistor
Bread Board
Connecting wires
DC Battery

Details of components
used:Light dependent diode:A photo diode (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photocell) is a light-controlled
variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing
incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor
can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark activated
switching circuits.

Transistor:A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals

and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least
three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to
one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through another pair of
terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling
(input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are
packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.

Buzzer :A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device,[1] which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.

Capacitor :A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores electrical

energy in an electric field.[1] The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.
While capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors of a circuit in
sufficiently close proximity, a capacitor is specifically designed to provide and
enhance this effect for a variety of practical applications by consideration of size,
shape, and positioning of closely spaced conductors, and the intervening dielectric
material. A capacitor was therefore historically first known as an electric condenser

Resistor :A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as
a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity,
force, or chemical activity.

Bread board :A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally it was
literally a bread board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread. In the 1970s
the solderless breadboard (AKA plugboard, a terminal array board) became
available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these.
"Breadboard" is also a synonym for "prototype".

Connecting wire:Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to
another, because electricity needs a medium through which to move. In the case of
computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards, carrying pulses of electricity
that are interpreted as binary signals of zeros and ones

DC battery :An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with
external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights,
smartphones, and electric cars.[1] When a battery is supplying electric power, its
positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.[2] The
terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that when connected to an
external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external device. When a battery is
connected to an external circuit, electrolytes are able to move as ions within,
allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the separate terminals and so
deliver energy to the external circuit. It is the movement of those ions within the
battery which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.[3]
Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device composed of multiple
cells, however the usage has evolved to additionally include devices composed of a
single cell.[4]

Working :As light falls on the surface of the LDR, the LDR
changes its resistance. The more the light, the less
the resistance of LDR, the less the resistance,the
less the voltage drop acress it. the less the light,
more the resistance and thus the more the voltage
drop across it.
As the voltage drop increases, so does the base
voltage of NPN transistor and therefore the
collector to emitter current increases accordingly,
until the time that the current is enough to actuate
the relay. The amount of light needed to actuate
the relay can be changed by changing the 100k
potentiometer. Basically any change to the
potentiometer will have an effect to the voltage
drop in ldr. The amount of light which will fall on ldr
it will change the resistance and hence the relay
eill actuate i.e. the position of relay changed to NO
(normally open) position. Whereas in normal
condition when there is no light on ldr the relay
contact will be NC(normally closed) resulting the
buzzer will beep

Application & working :A laser security alarm is a system designed to detect

intrusion unauthorized entry into a building or area.
They are also called security alarms, security systems,
alarm systems, intrusion detection systems, perimeter
detection systems, and similar terms.
Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial,
industrial, and military properties for protection against
burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect
vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security
systems for control of inmates.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary
protection; combination systems provide both fire and
intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be
combined with closed-circuit television surveillance
systems to automatically record the activities of
intruders, and may interface to access control systems
for electrically locked doors. Systems range from small,
self-contained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area
systems with computer monitoring and control.