part of Aker

Drilling
basics
Edward Mrk
October 2007

2008 Aker Solutions

Drilling basics

Basic geology

Equipment & Systems

Deep water drilling

Deviation drilling

H-6e

Ocean Viking & Ocean Traveler

Slide 2

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling basics

Basic geology

How oil & gas is formed

Reservoir structures

Enhanced oil recovery

Equipment & Systems

Deep water drilling

Deviation drilling

H-6e

Slide 3

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Reservoar

Folding

Olje / gass

Salt-diapir

Folds

Slide 4

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Reservoar Formation

Good Reservoir Qualities

High Porosity
High Permeability
Even Sorted

Sand

Cement

Oil / Gas

Slide 5

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

Water Injection
Gas Injection
Stimulation

Acid Cleaning
Chemical Injection
Cracking
Pumping
Gas lift

Slide 6

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Horizontal Wells

Oil

Gas
Oil
Water
Top View
Slide 7

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Water / gas injection

Oil
Water

Gas
Water

Slide 8

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Pumping
ESP - Electrical Submerged

Pumps
Down hole pump as part of
the completion
Requires electrical power
from the Platform

Sucker rod pumps

Only as a land solution

Slide 9

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling basics

Basic geology

Equipment & Systems

Hoisting & rotation

Mud process

Pressure control

Well intervention

Deep water drilling

Deviation drilling

H-6e

Slide 10

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drill rigs

Slide 11

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Bits

Roller cone

PDC

Slide 12

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling & hoisting

Top drive

Crown block

Monkey board

Drill floor

Travelling block
Top drive

Deadline
anchor

Drawworks
Rotary table

Slide 13

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Equipment

Top drive
SWL: 908 mT
Torque: 78 100 Nm
Max RPM: 250
Slide 14

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

System description for Drilling Mud

Water based Mud

Oil based Mud

Main functionality of Mud:

SHALE SHAKER

Transport cuttings out of the hole

Balance formation pressure
Stabilize the walls in the well
Cool & lubricate the bit and drill string
CUTTINGS
TRIPLEX
PUMP

MUD TANK

Slide 15

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Process

Top drive

Barite bulk tanks

Drill floor

Sack
Material
(chemicals)

Flowline
Shale
shaker

HP Mud pump

Cuttings

Mud mix
Mud treatment
tanks
Mud pit
Cuttings chute

Fresh water
Sea water

Slide 16

2008 Aker Solutions

Mud storage

part of Aker

Main surface equipment in Mud circulation

system

Shale shakers

High Pressure Mud Pumps

Slide 17

2008 Aker Solutions

Degassers

part of Aker

Main surface equipment in

Mud circulation system
Dust Collectors

Agitators
Surge Tanks

Big Bag Slitter Unit

Hoppers
Bulk silos

Sack Slitter Unit

Slide 18

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Click for
System Schematic

Slide 19

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Equipment

BOP Underhull Guide System

Slide 20

BOP Trolley

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Cementing Unit
Displacement Tanks

Local Control

2 ea Electric main motors

Variable speed AC, 448 kW each
Water/Glycol cooled

2 ea Automatic
Transmissions
2 ea Triplex Plunger Pumps
Max working pressure 15 000 psi

Slide 21

Mixing tank

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Process

Cement
pump

Top drive
Fingerboard
Pipe handling
Iron roughneck

Cement
bulk tank
Cmt.
mix

Barite bulk tanks

Drill floor

Sack
Material
(chemicals)

Flowline

Diverter line
Riser

Shale
shaker
BOP

HP Mud pump

Cuttings

Wellhead

Mud mix
Mud treatment
tanks

Casing

Mud pit
Cuttings chute

Annulus
Big bags

Slide 22

Fresh water
Sea water

2008 Aker Solutions

Mud storage

part of Aker

4 off shakers

Aker H-6e New basic cuttings collection solution

(STEP)

Blower

AIR
AIR

Storage tank

Cuttings Plugs
Cuttings Plugs

Storage tanks on
pipedeck (rental)

Transport to Shore

Cuttings transfer to ship

through hose by means of
compressed air

Slide 23

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Systems and Equipment in Pontoons

Brine/Completion Fluid: 1200 m3
Base Oil: 1400 m3
To systems on deck

Drill Water: 3000 m3

Hose Loading
Stations

Typical, not H-6e specific

Slide 24

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Systems and

Equipment in Columns
Bulk Cement: 390 m3
To cementing unit

To mud mix system

Hose Loading
Stations

Bulk Mud: 390 m3

Reserve Liquid Mud: 900 m3

Typical, not H-6e specific
To mud pits

Slide 25

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Aker H-6e Semi Submersible Drilling Rig

Slide 26

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Well intervention

Well stimulation

Install / retrieve
downhole valves,
plugs, etc.

Logging

Drilling light,
sidetracks,
multilaterals, etc.

Slide 27

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling basics

Basic geology

Equipment & Systems

Deep water drilling

Ocean Viking

Casing program

Drilling riser

Pressure control

Riser less mud return

Deviation drilling

H-6e

Slide 28

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling & Casing Program

36 Bit/ Hole Opener

30" Conductor
50 150m depth

Slide 29

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling & Casing Program

36 Bit/ Hole Opener

30" Conductor
50 150m depth

26 Bit
20" Surface Casing
300 1500m depth

17 Bit
13 3/8" Intermediate Casing
1000 5000 m depth

Slide 30

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling & Casing Program

Well Head

30" Conductor, 36 Bit/Hole Opener, 50 150m

20" Surface Casing, 26 Bit/ hole Opener, 300 1500m

13 3/8" Intermediate Casing, 17 Bit, 1000 5000 m

9 5/8" Production casing, 12 Bit, 3000 10,000 m

7" Liner, 8 Bit

Bit/ Drill String

Slide 31

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Semi submersible drilling

Drilling riser
Running BOP
Guide frame

30"conductor

Drilling top hole

Running
18 5/8" csg.

Slide 32

18 5/8" csg.
cemented

Drilling

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Click for
System Schematic

Slide 33

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

H-6e Semi Submersible Drilling Rig

Aker Kvrner Subsea Clip Riser
Saving running and retrieval timev

Flanged
drilling
riser
w/bolts

Slide 34

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Uncontrolled influx Kick

Main Causes :
Drilling into unormal high pressure in unknown

formation
Pulling to quick out of hole
Too low Mud weight
Too high mud weight

Slide 35

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Well Control
Control formation pressure with correct mud weight
Control mud volumes and gas returns
If kick kill the well by:

Closing BOP
Circulate out the influx having
constant down hole pressure

Slide 36

Cmt.
mix

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Well Control
Ekofisk Bravo
1977

Petromar, China Sea 1981

Slide 37

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Pressure control in Well

Pressure (S.G.)

2.5

1.0
Mud weight

Fracture pressure

Pore pressure

Depth (m)
Sedco 135F, Offshore Mexico 1979

Slide 38

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Pressure - Control

Marine riser

ht

P = m g ht

m = P / (ght)

BOP
Sea bed

Hydrostatic pressure from mud:

Slide 39

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Pressure - Control

Riser margin (RM):

hw

Marine riser

rm = (P/g - w hw )/hm - m

BOP

Sea floor

hm

Hydrostatic Pressure:
P = m g hm + w g hw + RM

P
Slide 40

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Deepwater drilling

Larger rig to
support larger
riser

Longer column of
mud in riser

Deep water
dilemma

Larger riser for

larger well head

More
complicated well
control

Slide 41

More casing
to avoid fracture
formation

Larger well
head for more
casing

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Riser less Mud Return set-up

Slide 42

Subsea Pump Module (SPM)

Suction & Centralizing Module

(SCM)

Centralizing & Running Tool (CRT)

Power and Control Container

Umbilical Winch

Return Line System

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Typical Completion set up

X-mas tree

Sub-surface safety valve

Production tubing
Production packer

Perforations

7" liner

Slide 43

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling basics

Basic geology

Equipment & Systems

Deep water drilling

Directional drilling

Drill string & BHA

Drill bits

Steering

H-6e

Slide 44

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drill pipe
stand
~28,5 m

set back

joint
~9,5 m

3x

Drill Pipe diameter 5-1/2" & 6-5/8"

Slide 45

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drill String

Drill Pipe

Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

& Drill Collars
Stabilizors

Mud Motor
MWD
Bit
Stabilizor

Slide 46

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Directional Drilling
How to stee the drill string ?

Build

Drop

Hold / Maintain
Bent sub
Typical angle build = 2-4 grader pr. 100 m

Slide 47

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Directional Drilling
Plan view

Slide 48

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Directional drilling- longer reach

Mud Motor or
Turbine

Posibility to drill horizontal with few

centimeters deviation up to 10 km from
the platform

Perforated
production liner
Multilateral Wells

Slide 49

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling length and speed

9,082 metres.

Worlds longest well drilled from a

floating installation at Visund
ROP (Rate of Penetration)

North Sea avg. = 85 m/day

Offshore drilling often requires a bit change

after less than 800 metres. 4 5,000

metres in one bit run is possible.

Slide 50

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Deviation drilling accuracy

2x2m

Slide 51

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling basics

Basic geology

Equipment & Systems

Deep water drilling

Deviation drilling

H-6e

Main particulars

RamRig operation

Efficiency

Slide 52

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Aker H-6e Semi Submersible Drilling Rig

Double Ram Rig
Ultra Deep Water Capabilities
DP IMO Class 3
Large storage capacities
Large bed capacity
Harsh Environment Operations
No harmful discharge to sea

Excellent and proven motion char.

Displacements:

High drilling and completion efficiency

Vertical riser and casing racking

Operating, 23 m draft:
Survival,19 m harsh environment:
Transit:

Slide 53

64 500 mt
59 600 mt
44 500 mt

Maximum parallel activities

Independent BOP and X-mas tree handling
Protected working and storage areas
Prepared for full winterization

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

H-6e Subcontracting
Ram Rig
Aker Kvrner Maritime Hydraulics
Norway

Deck Elements
Mostostal
Pomorze
(Gdynia,Poland)
Energomontaz
(Gdansk,Poland)
Schwartz
Hautmont
(Terragona,Spain)

Living Quarters
Leirvik Module Technology
(LMT), Stord, Norway

Hull
Dubai Dry
Docks
Slide 54
(DDD)

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Aker H-6e Drilling Semi Submersible

Worlds biggest and most

advanced drilling semi

The versatile H-6e will be able to drill and

complete wells in water depths ranging from 100
to 3000 m and in harsh environment

The e stands for extreme

Enhancement of the existing Aker H-4.2 drilling

semi submersible

Transverse truss arrangement between eight

columns

The design has its roots in the well known Aker

H-3.

Configured for dynamic positioning to 3000 m

WD and mooring in 500 m WD

Slide 55

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

RamRig principles

No derrick - only guiding frame

No traditional compensating
equipment

No drawworks

No crown and travelling blocks

No drill-line

No electro-magnetic brake

Hoisting and compensation by use

of the rams and a closed loop
hydraulic system

Slide 56

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Drilling Time

Time break down GOM deep water drilling

2040 % efficiency increase

Slide 57

Depends on reservoir depth,

geology, formation pressure, well
inclination, etc.

Typical exploration well (vertical)

= 30 days

Production well (horizontal) = 35

- 60 days

Completion = 7 - 14 days.

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Main Duties & Performance Charts

Main RamRig

Main Rig Activities

Drilling entire well
Running of BOP and Riser

Block Speed [m /s]

2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Load [sh.ton]

Auxiliary Rig Activities

Aux RamRig

Potential time saving compared

to single rig: 25-30%

2,5

Blockspeed [m/s]

Build and rack stands of Drill pipe,

Casings
Run 30 and 20 Casing strings
Run X-mas trees

2
1,5
1
0,5
0
0

100

200

300

400

500

Load [sh.ton]

Slide 58

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

600

700

Potential Simultaneous Operations- Dual RamRig

Operational Phases Exploration Drilling

Main Rig

Drilling

Tripping

Tubular
Handling
Pipedeck

F/

Run
Casing
Stands

Run
Casing F/
Pipedeck

Wire
Line

Coiled
Tubing

Marine Riser
Handling/
Run. BOP

Aux. Rig
Drilling Top
Hole
No return

Building
Stands

Building
Casing

*X

Run
Cement
30/20
Casing

&

Tripping
Run
Tree

X-mas

*X

X
X
*X = Possible, but not recommended

Slide 59

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Potential Simultaneous Operations- Dual RamRig

Operational Phases Template Operations

Main Rig

Drilling

Tripping

Tubular
Handling F/
Pipedeck

Run Casing
Stands

Run Casing
F/ Pipedeck

Wire Line

Coiled
Tubing

Marine Riser
Handling/ Run.
BOP

Run xmas
Tree

(X)

Aux. Rig
Drilling Top
Hole
No return

Building
Stands

*X

Building
Casing

Run & Cement

30/20
Casing

X
X

Tripping

*X

*X

*X

*X

(X)

*X

*X

(X)

(X) = To be evaluated or not applicable

*X = Possible, but not recommended
Slide 60

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

(X)

RamRig - Historical Overview

RamRig concept introduced in

1996-97

6 RamRigs in operation (November

2005)

Oseberg East

Fixed platform

Bideford Dolphin

Semi

Borgland Dolphin

Semi

West Venture

Semi (Twin rig)

West Navion

Drillship (Twin rig)

Snorre B

Semi

Slide 61

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

RamRig - Reduced VCOG and Increased VDL Capacity

Rig for floating vessel

RamRig (mt)Conv. Rig (mt)
Ramrig/Derrick (G1) 250-300
350-400
Substructure (G2) 750-800
950-1000
Sum G
1000-1100 1300-1400
Setback (g3)

400

400

Result:
Conventional rig v.c.o.g.
29 m above main deck.
RamRig v.c.o.g.
19 m above main deck.
Up to 1000 ton increased deck load capacity

RamRig

Conventional Rig

Slide 62

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Hoisting System
Travelling Yoke
Dolly

Main Rig with

four Cylinders

Ram Cylinders
Valveblock for
control and safety

Aux. Rig with

two Cylinders

Nitrogen
Pressure
Vessels

Hydraulic Power
Unit

Accumulator for
heave compensation
and energy storage
Cylinder for Active
Heave Compensation

Control system
including automation,
safety and HMI.

Slide 63

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Motion comparison
Max vertical motion at drill floor
(single amplitude)

Vertical motion / Hs

0.60
0.50
Aker H-6e
Aker H4-2
Aker H3
Other
CS
30
Rigs
CS
45

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0 14.0

15.0

Tp (sec.)

Slide 64

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

H-6e Semi Submersible Drilling Rig

Double Ram Rig
High Efficient Parallel Operations
DRILLING PARTICULARS
Double Ram Rig by AK Maritime Hydraulics
Hook load main/aux: 1000 / 500 s.tons
Rotary main/aux:
60 / 49 ,1000 / 500 s.tons
Vertical Riser racking: 2, 700 m
Set back:
716 s.tons
Casing racking:
1300 m of 13 3/8
Riser tension:
3 200 000 lbs, Direct acting
Pipe rack area:
1 275 m2
B.O.P: 18 15M, 5 rams, 2 annulars, Cameron
Marine riser: 21, 75 feet, AKS Clip type
Independent handling of B.O.P and X-mas trees
H.P Mud Pumps: 4 x 2 200 hp, 7 500 psi, Wirth
Shale Shakers: 4 x triple deck, Axiom
Bulk Mud & Cement : 780 m3
Liquid Mud:
1,700 m3

Slide 65

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Generators & Utility Eq. Area

HPU & Mud Area

Moon pool

BOP Control

H-6e
Lower Deck El.
39.000
Slide 66
2008 Aker Solutions

Riser rack

LQ Utility area

part of Aker

Lifts

Rolls Royce V12 engine block

Slide 67

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Aker H-6e Lower Deck

Moon pool: 10m x 23m

Slide 68

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

H-6e Piperack Deck EL 50.000 m

Slide 69

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

21 m

Service
Area
Aux. Rig

Center
distance:
13m

45 m

Service Area
Main Rig

H-6e Drill Floor EL 63.000 m

Slide 70

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Aker H-6e Semi Submersible Drilling Rig

HULL DIMENSIONS

Aker H-6e

Pontoon Length

120 m

Breadth Pontoons

77 m

Pontoon Beam

19,5 m

Pontoon Height

10 m

Main Deck Length

90 m

Main Deck Breadth

70 m

Columns

Topsides/Hull weight t

12,5 x 12,5 m, r=3,1m

Displacement

65 200t, Operating Draft 23 m

15.100/
17.000

60 200t, Survival Draft 19m

44 600t, Transit Draft 9,7m

Slide 71

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Aker H-6e Semi Submersible Drilling Rig

CONSUMABLES

H-6e

STORAGE CAPACITY
Mud Pits on Deck

800 m3

Liquid Mud, Column

900 m3

Bulk Mud, Column

390 m3

Bulk Cement, Column

390 m3

Base Oil, Pontoon

1400 m3

Brine/Compl. Fluid, Pontoon

1200 m3

Drill water, Pontoon

3000 m3

Drilling drain, Column

370 m3

Fuel Oil, Pontoon

4 100 m3

Slide 72

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

SB(-11

Zero Harmful Discharges to Sea

Drain systems.

Closed drain from drilling areas no discharge to sea.

Drain Storage tank : 370 m3
Oily drain cleaned to 15ppm before discharge to sea.
Drain from clean areas discharged to sea without treatment.

Oily water treatment facility.

Sewage treatment facility.
Double physical barriers.
BOP control fluid return and recovery system.
Cuttings handling system Transport by compressed air
Space allocated for future cuttings treatment unit.
Large reserve mud tanks, re-use of mud
Safe loading and offloading reel type hose loading stations
State of the art automatic chemical additive systems for mud and cement slurries Controlled use of chemicals
Facilitate for use of green chemicals
Facilitate for an effective waste management system
Prepared for Riser Less Mud Return System

Slide 73

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Slide 73
SB(-11

drain fra boreomrder samles og fraktes til land. Fra omrder der det kun kan forekomme olje vil det bli samlet i tanker og behandlet i et
filtreringsanlegg. Vannet som slippes ut vil inneholde mindre enn 15ppm olje. Vann fra rene omrder der det ikke forekommer olje eller
kjemikalier vil bli sluppet ut uten noen behandling. Det er et miljtiltak at vi ikke bruker energi p behandle dette vannet.
Sewage vil bli behandlet i et biologisk renseanlegg. Det er ogs lagt opp til en by-pass som kan benyttes nr man evt. er langt fra land. I store
havomrder vil det vre mer miljvennlig la havet rense kloakken enn bruke energi p et renseanlegg der slammet m fraktes til land.
Doble fysiske barrierer - det jobbes med lsninger rundt moonpool omrdet.
Cuttings handling system: Borekaks blir samlet opp i tanker for transport til land. unntaket er topphullseksjonen som spres p havbunnen.
Topphullseksjonen bores med vannbasert mud som ikke inneholder miljskadelige stoffer og det er tillatt slippe dette ut.
Slurrification unit: Dersom det bores i et omrde der man har en avfallsbrnn kan det installeres en slurrification enhet for reinjeksjon av kaks
etc.
Sletten, Brita (AKBPW40513 - 107367); 06.02.2006

Copyright
Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and images in this document
remains vested in Aker Solutions and third party contributors as appropriate. Accordingly, neither the
whole nor any part of this document shall be reproduced in any form nor used in any manner without
express prior permission and applicable acknowledgements. No trademark, copyright or other notice
shall be altered or removed from any reproduction.

Slide 74

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker

Disclaimer
This Presentation includes and is based, inter alia, on forward-looking information and statements that
are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ. These statements and
this Presentation are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about global economic
conditions, the economic conditions of the regions and industries that are major markets for Aker
Solutions ASA and Aker Solutions ASAs (including subsidiaries and affiliates) lines of business.
These expectations, estimates and projections are generally identifiable by statements containing
words such as expects, believes, estimates or similar expressions. Important factors that could
cause actual results to differ materially from those expectations include, among others, economic and
market conditions in the geographic areas and industries that are or will be major markets for Aker
Solutions businesses, oil prices, market acceptance of new products and services, changes in
governmental regulations, interest rates, fluctuations in currency exchange rates and such other
factors as may be discussed from time to time in the Presentation. Although Aker Solutions ASA
believes that its expectations and the Presentation are based upon reasonable assumptions, it can
give no assurance that those expectations will be achieved or that the actual results will be as set out
in the Presentation. Aker Solutions ASA is making no representation or warranty, expressed or
implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Presentation, and neither Aker Solutions
ASA nor any of its directors, officers or employees will have any liability to you or any other persons
resulting from your use.
Aker Solutions consists of many legally independent entities, constituting their own separate
identities. Aker Solutions is used as the common brand or trade mark for most of these entities. In this
presentation we may sometimes use Aker Solutions, we or us when we refer to Aker Solutions
companies in general or where no useful purpose is served by identifying any particular Aker
Solutions company.

Slide 75

2008 Aker Solutions

part of Aker