TECHFAB (INDIA) INDUSTRIES LTD.

REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS USING

TECHGRID
GEOGRIDS AND TECHFORM PANEL FACING
DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Project

UPGRADATION OF TANDA - RAE BARELI SECTION TO TWO LANE

WITH PAVED SHOULDERS IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

Client
EPC Contractor
Design Consultant
Proof Consultant
Authority Engineer
RSW Design Consultant

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITIES OF INDIA

GKC PROJECTS LTD
HBS INFRA ENGINEERS INDIA PVT LTD
EGIS INDIA CONSULTING ENGINEERS PVT LTD
THEME ENGINEERING SERVICES PVT LTD
TECHFAB (INDIA) INDUSTRIES LTD.

Designed
Checked
Approved

VD
SV
SV
Wall Height (m)

Static

Seismic

Project No
Revision
Date
2.50

TFI/RW-75 (12/2015)
R0
26-12-2015

Design Height (m)

2.50

Design Methodology
BS 8006 : 2010 Code of practice for strengthened / reinforced
soils and other fills
US Department of Transportation FHWA-NHI-10-024
Mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes
design and construction guidelines

INPUT DATA

Project

UPGRADATION OF TANDA - RAE BARELI SECTION TO TWO LANE WITH PAVED

SHOULDERS IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

Designed by
Reference No

VD
TFI/RW-75 (12/2015)

Input Soil Parameters (Long-term Stability)

'

c'
Reinforced Infill Soil
Retained Soil
Foundation Soil

0.00
0.00
0.00

(kN/m )
(kN/m 2)
(kN/m 2)

32
32
30

(Degrees)
(Degrees)
(Degrees)

15.00
15.00
18.00

(kN/m )
3
(kN/m )
(kN/m 3)

2.50

Hf - Hd

0
(kN/m 3)

Input Wall Geometry

Design Height
Hpavmt
Vertical Batter

2.50

(metres)

0.54
0

(metres)
(Degrees)

Wall Height , m

Average unit weight of pavement

22

Sloping surcharge Geometry

Sloping surcharge height (Including Pavement)

Slope angle

0
0

(metres)
(Degrees)

Input Interface Data

Interface Frictional Angle Between Retained Soil & Infill Soil (Degrees)
Coefficient of Interaction Relating to Soil-Reinforcement Bond Angle with tan(')
Coefficient of Adhesion Relating to Soil Cohesion to Soil Reinforcement Bond

Input External Loads

Dead Load Surcharge
Sloping Surcharge load (SSL)
Live Load Surcharge
Vertical Strip Load
Horizontal Strip Load

11.88
0.00
24.00
24.00
0.00

(kN/m 2)
2
(kN/m )
2
(kN/m )
(kN/m)
(kN/m)

Input Strip Load Details

Distance from Wall Edge to Centre of Strip Load
Width of the Strip Load

1.250
2.500

Soil - Geogrid Interaction Parameters

Coefficient of Interaction for Pull-out
Coefficient of Interaction for Direct Sliding

0.85
0.85

Input Seismic Parameters

Peak ground acceleration

0.18

Input facing panel details

Thickness of facing panel
Unit weight of facing panel

0.16
25

(metres)
3
(kN/m )

(metres)
(metres)

0
1.00
1.00

EXTERNAL STABILITY - STATIC LOADING

Design Height of the Wall (Including Embedment)
Design Height of the Wall at the back of wall
Mechanical Height
Trial Length of Reinforcement
(Minimum Trial Length = Greater of 0.7H & 3.0m as per BS-8006)
Embedment Depth
New Trial Length of Reinforcement
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure (Ext.Stab)

2.50 (metres)
2.50
3.04 (metres)
3.00 (metres)

3.00 (metres)

0.80 (metres)
3.00 (metres)

0.00

0.307

LOAD COMBINATION
A

LOAD COMBINATION
B

Total Horizontal Earth Pressure Force per metre Run (R h):

Due to Soil Pressure
Due to Dead Load Surcharge
Due to Live Load Surcharge
Due to Horizontal Strip Load

Rh

21.60
13.69
27.65
0.00

(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)

62.95

(kN)

Rh

21.60
13.69
27.65
0.00

(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)

62.95

(kN)

112.50
35.64
24
0.00

(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)

172.14

(kN)

69.68

(kN-m)

1.58

SAFE

0.40
2.19
78.59
30.14
22.40
18.40
1.00
692.21
10.78

(metres)
(metres)
(kN/m2)

Resultant Vertical Force per metre Run (R v):

Due to Weight of Fill
Due to Surcharge Loads
Due to Vertical Strip Load
Due to Inclined Soil Pressure

Rv
Moment (M d):

168.75
161.46
36.00
0.00

(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)

366.21

(kN)

69.68

(kN-m)

Rv

Check for Sliding:(Long-term - Drained Condition)

Partial Safety Factor

3.36

SAFE

Check for Bearing and Tilt:(Long-term Drained Condition)

Eccentricity
Effective width of foundation
Factored bearing pressure
Nc
B.C. Factors
N
Nq
Water table correction factor
Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Partial Safety Factor

0.19
2.62
139.80
30.14
22.40
18.40
1.000
778.72
6.21

(metres)
(metres)
(kN/m2)

(kN/m2)
SAFE

(kN/m2)
SAFE

INTERNAL STABILITY - STATIC LOADING

Angle of Wall Friction
0.00 (Degrees)
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure for Internal Stability (Ka1)
(Q) For the Calculation of (Tfj)
0.22

0.307

(Ka1h)

0.307

Reinforcement Tensions : Load Case - A

zj
(m)

hj
(m)

S vj
(m)

M dj
(kN-m)

ej
(m)

0.400
1.200
2.000
-

2.10
1.30
0.50
-

0.8
0.8
0.9
-

47.13
16.50
2.21
-

0.155
0.066
0.009
-

D j (m)

T pj
(kN)

T sj
(kN)

T fj
(kN)

T cj
(kN)

3.55
3.15
2.75
-

27.72
21.36
18.07
-

2.49
2.81
3.62
-

0.00
0.00
0.00
-

0.00
0.00
0.00
-

Tj

(kN)
30.21
24.17
21.69
-

Reinforcement Tensions : Load Case - B

zj
(m)

hj
(m)

S vj
(m)

M dj
(kN-m)

ej
(m)

Dj
(m)

T pj
(kN)

T sj
(kN)

T fj
(kN)

T cj
(kN)

Tj
(kN)

0.4
1.2
2
-

2.10
1.30
0.50
-

0.8
0.8
0.9
-

47.13
16.50
2.21
-

0.362
0.175
0.029
-

3.55
3.15
2.75
-

14.06
8.73
5.44
-

1.66
1.87
2.41
-

0.00
0.00
0.00
-

0.00
0.00
0.00
-

15.72
10.61
7.85
-

Check for Rupture of Reinforcement

Target FOS =

Tj

1.10

Reinforcement Properties
Geogrid
T ult
RF tot
(kN)

PSF avail
Case A
Case B

Remarks
Case A
Case B

zj
(m)

hj
(m)

S vj
(m)

Case A
(kN)

Case B
(kN)

0.400

2.10

0.8

30.21

15.72

TechGrid TGU-150-2

72.00

2.076

34.68

1.15

2.21

SAFE

SAFE

1.200

1.30

0.8

24.17

10.61

TechGrid TGU-120-2

57.60

2.076

27.74

1.15

2.62

SAFE

SAFE

2.000

0.50

0.9

21.69

7.85

TechGrid TGU-120-2

57.60

2.076

27.74

1.28

3.53

SAFE

SAFE

TD
(kN)

Check for Internal Sliding:

Reinforcement Layout Details
zj
hj
L
Layer No
(m)
(m)
(m)
1
0.40
3.00
2.10
2
1.20
3.00
1.30
3
2.00
3.90
0.50
-

Target FOS =

R hj
(kN)
49.97
27.34
9.13
-

1.30

Load Case - A
R vj
PSF avail
(kN)
339.21
3.61
285.21
5.54
289.77
16.85
-

Remarks
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

R hj
(kN)
49.97
27.34
9.13
-

Load Case - B
R vj
PSF avail
(kN)
154.14
1.64
118.14
2.30
99.58
5.79
-

Remarks
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

Check for Adherence of Reinforcement

Target FOS =

1.73
Load Case - A

z j (m)

L (m)

0.40
1.20
2.00
-

3.00
3.00
3.90
-

L ej
(m)
2.78
2.33
2.79
-

L new
(m)
3.00
3.00
3.90
-

L ej(new)
(m)
2.78
2.33
2.79
-

Coverage, Rc
0.48
0.48
0.48
-

T rj
(kN)
83.80
50.94
37.61
-

Load Case - B

PSF avail

Remarks

2.77
2.11
1.73
-

SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

T rj
(kN)
55.87
33.96
25.08
-

PSF avail

Remarks

3.55
3.20
3.19
-

SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

EXTERNAL STABILITY - SEISMIC LOADING (FHWA-NHI-00-043)

Ah

0.18

Max. wall acceleration coefficient for external Stability

Am(ext)

0.23

Max. wall acceleration coefficient for internal Stability

Am(int)

0.23

0.00

Seismic Inertia Angle (External Stability)

(ext)

12.88

Seismic Inertia Angle (Internal Stability)

Required factor of safety for sesmic loading
Equivalent Height of Retained fill

(int)
(H2*)

12.88
(Degrees)
75% of static FOS
3.29
(metres)

Equivalent Height of Reinforced fill

(H1*)

3.29

Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient

(Kae)

0.465

(Kdyn)

0.157

Rh(dyn))

12.78

(kN)

(FhIR(fp))

2.29

(kN)

Peak ground acceleration

Vertical Seismic Coefficient

Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient Increment

Horizontal component of dynamic earth pressure

(Degrees)

(metres)

Calculation of Inertial Forces (Per metre run)

Due to mass of the facing blocks
Due to mass of the Crash Barrier

(FhIR(cb))

5.49

(kN)

Due to Fill and Surcharge Load

(FhIR(s-q))

18.58

(kN)

(RhIR)

26.35

(kN)

14.40
9.13
0.00

(kN)
(kN)
(kN)

(Rh(static))

23.53

(kN)

(Rh)

56.27

(kN)

Total Horizontal Inertial Force

Horizontal Force from Static Loading (Per metre run)
Due to Soil Pressure
Due to Dead Load Surcharge
Due to Horizontal Strip Load

Total Horizontal Static Force

Total Resultant Horizontal Force

Total Resultant Vertical Force (Per metre run)

Due to Weight of fill
Due to Dead Load Surcharge
Due to Strip Load
Due to Inclined Soil Pressure

Total Resultant Vertical Force

112.50
35.64
24
0.00

(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)

(Rv)

172.14

(kN)

(Qh)

99.39
1.77

(kN)

Check for Sliding Along the Base

Force resisting sliding along base
Factor of safety against sliding available
Minimum factor of safety against sliding required
Check for safety against sliding along the base

Disturbing Moment

1.125

SAFE
(Md)

83.19

(kN-m)

(e)

0.48
2.03

(metres)

(qr)

84.65

Nc

30.14

N
Nq

22.40

Rw

1.00

(qult)

660.57

Check for Bearing

Eccentricity
Effective width of foundation
Bearing Pressure

BC Factors

Water table correction factor

Ultimate Bearing Capacity

2
(kN/m )

18.40
2
(kN/m )

9.40
1.875
SAFE

Factor of safety available

Minimum factor of safety required
Check for safety

Check for Eccentricity

Eccentricity
Allowable eccentricity
Check for Eccentricity

(e)
(eall.)

0.48

(metres)

1.00

(metres)

SAFE

INTERNAL STABILITY - SEISMIC LOADING

Check For Internal Sliding

Layer No.
1
2
3
-

zj

(m)
0.40
1.20
2.00
-

L (m)

h j =H-z j
(m)

3.00
3.00
3.90
-

2.10
1.30
0.50
-

R hj (kN) R vj (kN)
44.51
130.14
25.40
94.14
12.19
75.58
-

PSF avail
1.24
1.57
2.63
-

Remarks
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

Check for Rupture of Reinforcement

Internal Inertial Force Due to the Weight of the Infill within the Active Zone
h j (m)
2.10
1.30
0.50
-

S vj (m) M dj (kN-m) e j (m)

0.8
15.16
0.12
0.8
4.77
0.05
0.9
0.55
0.01
-

D j (m)
3.55
3.15
2.75
-

T pj (kN)
10.66
7.71
5.36
-

T sj (kN)
1.66
1.87
2.41
-

12.59 kN
T fj (kN)
0.00
0.00
0.00
-

T md
4.42
3.72
4.44
-

T cj
0.00
0.00
0.00
-

Tj
16.75
13.30
12.22
-

T dj
34.68
27.74
27.74
-

PSF avail
2.07
2.09
2.27
-

Remarks
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

Check for Adherence of Reinforcement

z j (m)
0.40
1.20
2.00
-

L (m)
3.00
3.00
3.90
-

L ej (m)
2.78
2.33
2.79
-

T rj (kN)
102.42
62.26
45.97
-

PSF avail
6.12
4.68
3.76
-

Remarks
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
-

REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT

Qr

64.00 kN/m2

Ref

Qs

TFI/RW-75 (12/2015)
Wall height (m)
2.50
Design height (m)
2.50
94.00 kN/m2

Layer No.

zj

Geogrid

Length
(m)

Tult
(kN/m)

TD
(kN/m)

1
2
3
-

0.400
1.200
2.000
-

TechGrid TGU-150-2
TechGrid TGU-120-2
TechGrid TGU-120-2
-

3.00
3.00
3.90
-

72.00
57.60
57.60
-

34.68
27.74
27.74
-

Notes:
1. Reinforcement layers are seqenced from bottom to top. Layer no. 1 is the bottom most.
2. zj is the height of the jth layer measured from top of levelling pad
3. Tult is the short-term peak tensile strength of the geogrid
4. TD is the long-term design strength of the geogrid