Abduction

Lift the arm away from the midline of the

body
Muscle (first 15 deg) = Supraspinatus,
(16deg-90deg) = Deltoid
Glenohumeral joint (Shoulder Joint) ball
and socket
Bones: Humerus, Scapular
Abduction: frontal plane

Adduction
-

Muscle - Pectoralis major & minor,

latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid
Bones: Humerus, Scapular
Glenohumeral joint (Shoulder joint)
Bring the arms back towards the midline
Adduction: frontal plane

Dab
-

Flexion
Elbow: Biceps contract,
triceps relax
Hinge joint
Humeroulnar joint
Bones: Humerus, Ulna
Flexion: in sagittal plane

Extension
Elbow: Biceps relax,
triceps contract
Hinge joint
Humeroulnar joint
Bones: Humerus, Ulna
Extension: in sagittal
plane

Wrist flexion (pointing the fingers)

Muscles: flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, lexor digitorum
superficialis.
Joints: radiocarpal joint
Bones: radius, carpal bones
Wrist Extension
Muscles:extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor
digitorum
Joints: radiocarpal joint
Bones: radius, carpal bones

Jogging
Flexion (knee)

Dorsiflexion
-

Pointing the foot upwards.

Muscles: peroneus longus (fibularis
longus), gastrocnemius, soleus muscle
Joint: talocrural joint (hinge)
Bone: Talus+tibia
Sagittal plane

Muscle: Hamstring, Sartorius,

Gracilis, Lower Leg Muscles,
popliteus
Tibiofemoral joint
Bone: femur, tibia, and patella
Hinge joint
Sagittal plane

Flexion
-

Elbow: Biceps contract, triceps relax

Hinge joint
Humeroulnar joint
Bones: Humerus, Ulna
Flexion: in sagittal plane

Adduction (Adduction of the shoulder)

Muscle - Pectoralis major & minor, latissimus

dorsi, teres major, deltoid
Bones: Humerus, Scapular
Glenohumeral joint (Shoulder joint)
Bring the arms back towards the midline
Adduction: frontal plane

Extension (knees)
-

Muscle:popliteus (relaxes), quadriceps femoris, hamstring

group
Joint:tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint
Bone: Femur, tibia, patella
Extension
- Elbow: Biceps relax, triceps contract
- Hinge joint
- Humeroulnar joint
- Bones: Humerus, Ulna
- Extension: in sagittal plane

Wrist flexion
- Muscles: Palmaris Longus,
Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi
Ulnaris, lexor Digitorum
Profundus - all, Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis - all
- Joints: Radiocarpal, intercarpal
- Bones: radius, carpal bones

Flexion (knee)
- Muscle: Hamstring,
Sartorius, Gracilis,
Lower Leg Muscles,
popliteus
- tibiofemoral joint
- Bone: femur, tibia, and
patella

Cervical Spine rotation

- Muscles: Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis,
Longissimus capitis, Semispinalis thoracis, Semispinalis cervicis,
Semispinalis capitis, Rectus capitis posterior major
- Joints: atlanto axial joint
- Bones: C1 (atlas), C2 (axis)

Extension
- Elbow: Biceps relax, triceps contract
- Hinge joint
- Humeroulnar joint
- Bones: Humerus, Ulna
Wrist flexion
- Muscles: Palmaris Longus, Flexor
- Extension: in sagittal plane
Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris,
lexor Digitorum Profundus - all, Flexor
Digitorum Superficialis - all
- Joints: Radiocarpal, intercarpal
- Bones: radius, carpal bones