Chelsea Bridge
By Billy Strayhorn
As performed by the Duke Ellington Orchestra
Transcribed by David Berger for Jazz at Lincoln Center
Edited by Christopher Crenshaw for Jazz at Lincoln Center
Full Score
This transcription was made especially for Jazz at Lincoln Centers 201415
Twentieth Annual Essentially Ellington High School Jazz Band Program.
Jazz at Lincoln Center and Alfred Publishing gratefully acknowledge the cooperation
and support provided in the publication of this year's Essentially Ellington music series:
Founding leadership support for Essentially Ellington is provided by The Jack and Susan Rudin Educational and Scholarship Fund.
Major support is provided by Alfred and Gail Engelberg, Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation, Charles Evans Hughes Memorial Foundation,
Augustine Foundation, Harold and Mimi Steinberg Charitable Trust and the Vosshall Family.
house sound system. This should provide a much better tone than an amplifier. Keep in mind that the rhythm sections primary function is to accompany. The bass should not be as loud as a trumpet. That is unnatural and
leads to over-amplification, bad tone, and limited dynamics. Stay away from
monitors. They provide a false sense of balance.
12. Solos and rhythm section parts without chord changes should be played
as is or with a little embellishment. Solos and rhythm section parts with
chord changes should be improvised. However, written passages should be
learned because they are an important port of our jazz heritage and help
the player understand the function of his particular solo or accompaniment.
Soloists should learn the chord changes. Solos should not be approached
as opportunities to show off technique, range, or volume, but should be
looked at as a great opportunity to further develop the interesting thematic
material that Ellington has provided.
13. The notation of plungers for the brass means a rubber toilet plunger
bought in a hardware store. Kirkhill is a very good brand (especially if you
can find one of their old hard rubber ones, like the one I loaned Wynton and
he lost). Trumpets use 5 diameter and trombones use 6 diameter. Where
Plunger/Mute is notated, insert a pixie mute in the bell and use the plunger
over the mute. Pixies are available from Humes & Berg in Chicago. Tricky
Sam Nanton and his successors in the Ellington plunger trombone chair did
not use pixies. Rather, each of them employed a Nonpareil (thats the brand
name) trumpet straight mute. Nonpareil has gone out of business, but the
Tom Crown Nonpareil trumpet straight mute is very close to the same thing.
These mute/plunger combinations create a wonderful sound (very close to
the human voice), but they also can create some intonation problems which
must be corrected by the lip or by using alternate slide positions. It would
be easier to move the tuning slide, but part of the sound is in the struggle
to correct the pitch. If this proves too much, stick with the pixieits pretty
close.
14. The drummer is the de facto leader of the band. He establishes the
beat and controls the volume of the ensemble. For big band playing, the
drummer needs to use a larger bass drum than he would for small group
drumming. A 22 or 24 is preferred. The bass drum is played softly (nearly
inaudible) on each beat. This is called feathering the bass drum. It provides
a very important bottom to the band. The bass drum sound is not a boom
and not a thudits in between. The larger size drum is necessary for the
kicks; a smaller drum just wont be heard. The key to this style is to just keep
time. A rim knock on two and four (chopping wood) is used to lock in the
swing. When it comes to playing fills, the fewer, the better.
15. The horn players should stand for their solos and soIis. Brass players
should come down front for moderate to long solos, surrounding rests
permitting. The same applies to the pep section (two trumpets and one
trombone in plunger/mutes).
16. Horns should pay close attention to attacks and releases. Everyone
should hit together and release together.
17. Above all, everyones focus should remain at all times on the swing. As
the great bassist Chuck lsraels says, The three most important things in
jazz are rhythm, rhythm, and rhythm, in that order. Or as Bubber Miley
(Ellingtons first star trumpeter) said, It dont mean a thing if it aint got that
swing.
Break within the context of an ongoing time feel, the rhythm section stops
for one, two, or four bars. Very often a soloist will improvise during a break.
Voicing the specific spacing, inversion, and choice of notes that make up a
chord. For instance, two voicings for G7 could be:
GLOSSARY
Coda also known as the outro. Tags or tag endings are outgrowths of
vaudeville bows that are frequently used as codas. They most often use
deceptive cadences that finally resolve to the tonic or they go from the subdominant and cycle back to the tonic.
Note that the first voicing includes a 9th and the second voicing includes a
9th and a 13th. The addition of 9ths, 11ths, 13ths, and alterations are up to the
discretion of the pianist and soloist.
Riff a repeated melodic figure. Very often, riffs repeat verbatim or with
slight alterations while the harmonies change underneath them.
Shout chorus also known as the out chorus, the sock chorus, or sometimes shortened to just the shout. It is the final ensemble passage of most
big band charts and where the climax most often happens.
Soli a harmonized passage for two or more instruments playing the same
rhythm. It is customary for horn players to stand up or even move in front of
the band when playing these passages. This is done so that the audience
can hear them better and to provide the audience with some visual interest.
A soli sound particular to Ellingtons music combines two trumpets an trombone in plungers/mutes in triadic harmony. This is called the pep section.
Rhythm meter, tempo, groove, and form, including both melodic rhythm
and harmonic rhythm (the speed and regularity of the chord changes).
Melody a tune or series of pitches.
Harmony chords and voicings.
Orchestration instrumentation and tone colors.
David Berger
There is an overall gentle, serene nature to this piece that we associate with other Strayhorn compositions like Half The Fun. Written in the
conventional AABA 32-bar song form, the A sections are less romantic (and
use little to no vibrato), while the bridge reverts to a more Romantic style
with vibrato and wide melodic intervals; not unlike the bridge of Ellingtons
Sophisticated Lady.
Note that although Ellington played piano with his band at performances,
it was not uncommon for him to turn over the keyboard to his alter ego
at recording sessions, especially on Strayhorn compositions and/or arrangements. Such is the case with Chelsea Bridge. Strayhorns touch and
approach owes much to Art Tatum and Teddy Wilson. It is much lighter than
Ellingtons and not as percussive.
This arrangement is as the band recorded it and is edited down from the
original chart that was used for live performances. Although the edits were
made to fit the piece on a 78 rpm phonograph recording, the resulting
shorter arrangement turns out to be more satisfying.
The form is 4-bar piano introduction followed by 2 choruses. That doesnt
sound very interesting, but a lot happens in those 2 choruses.
The piano intro is, alongside Take The A Train, one of the greatest in all of
jazz. It sets the mood and fully encapsulates the entire piece in only 4 measures. Strayhorn played it basically the same each time, so we can assume
that he heard it as part of the composition.
Although the Ellington band of 1941 swings some of the eighth notes on
the recording, a more modern approach to ballad playing employs even
eighths with the except of syncopations, which are swung. I prefer the more
modern interpretation.
The brass at A need to get a good balance between the open trombone
and the cup muted trumpets. Tizol played valve trombone, but slide
trombone can work here, if the valve is not available. In either case, the
trombone needs to get a darker sound to blend with the muted trumpets.
The trombonist must also be sensitive to the volume of the trumpets and not
overshadow them. The saxes fit softly underneath the brass. This passage
should be played legato by both brass and saxes with little to no vibrato.
David Berger
To view interactive videos of Wynton Marsalis leading the Jazz at Lincoln
Center Orchestra in rehearsals of the Essentially Ellington 2014-15 repertoire please visit jazz.org/EssentiallyEllington.
CONDUCTOR
CHELSEA BRIDGE
Medium Ballad q = 106
Billy Strayhorn
Transcribed by David Berger
Edited by Christopher Crenshaw
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Chester Music Limited trading as Campbell Connelly Co.
International Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved.
Reprinted by permission.
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ESSENTIALLY ELLINGTON
The Essentially Ellington High School Jazz Band Program (EE) is one of the most unique curriculum resources
for high school jazz bands in the United States, Canada, and American schools abroad. EE extends the legacy
of Duke Ellington and other seminal big band composers and arrangers by widely disseminating music, in its
original arrangements, to high school musicians for study and performance. Utilizing this music challenges
students to increase their musical proficiency and knowledge of the jazz language. EE consists of the following
initiatives and services:
Supplying the Music Each year Jazz at Lincoln Center (JALC)
transcribes, publishes, and distributes original transcriptions and
arrangements, along with additional educational materials including recordings and teaching guides, to high school bands in the U.S.,
Canada, and American schools abroad.
Talking about the Music Throughout the school year, band
directors and students correspond with professional clinicians
who answer questions regarding the EE music. EE strives to foster
mentoring relationships through email correspondence, various
conference presentations, and the festival weekend.
44305s
As of May 2014, EE has distributed scores to more than 4,200 schools in all 50 states,
Canadian provinces, and American schools abroad.
Since 1995, over 504,000 students have been exposed to Duke Ellingtons music through
Essentially Ellington.
Printed in USA
JAZZ AT LINCOLN CENTER is dedicated to inspiring and growing audiences for jazz. With the world-renowned Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra and a comprehensive array of guest artists, Jazz at Lincoln Center
advances a unique vision for the continued development of the art of jazz by
producing a year-round schedule of performance, education and broadcast events for audiences of all ages. These productions include concerts,
national and international tours, residencies, yearly hall of fame inductions,
weekly national radio and television programs, recordings, publications,
an annual high school jazz band competition and festival, a band director academy, jazz appreciation curricula for students, music publishing,
childrens concerts, lectures, adult education courses, student and educator
workshops and interactive websites. Under the leadership of Managing and
Artistic Director Wynton Marsalis, Chairman Robert J. Appel and Executive
Director Greg Scholl, Jazz at Lincoln Center produces thousands of events
each season in its home in New York City, Frederick P. Rose Hall, and around
the world. For more information, visit jazz.org.