KEYWORDS ABSTRACT
Micro-Hydro This paper presents a novel strategy used to obtain single phase power from three phase
C-2C power generated through a three phase induction generator. In pico and micro hydro power
C2R-R generations in rural areas, the traditional C-2C configuration is used with the three phase
ELC induction generator. The above traditional method reduces the utilization of the generator
Ballast Load to 50% of its rating while operating at 0.5 power factor. This paper discusses the
drawbacks of the conventional C-2C method in micro hydro power generation and how
they can be overcome by introducing the proposed new method. This method is preferable
to called as C2R-R method based on its configuration. A clear theoretical analysis is given
on the C-2C and C2R-R methods. The result revealed that machine utilization can be
increased to 86.6% without over loading the machine when the proposed method is used.
Further simulation study was carried out using EMTDC/PSCADTM software on a 27.7
kW induction generator. Both traditional C-2C method and proposed C2R-R method have
been studied along with its Electronic Load controller to maintain the generator output
voltage and frequency. Stability of the machine operations is also checked for input torque
and output load power variations. The simulation results confirmed that, with the proposed
method, the machine utilization is increased while having more stable operation for sudden
input torque or output load changes.
2009 Universiti Tenaga Nasional. All rights reserved.
it is supplied roughly with constant head and water flow. According to the phasor diagram shown in Fig. 2, the
Hence the ELC maintains the machine speed. However, it has line currents are leading the phase voltage by 600. From Eq.
been reported that in micro hydro systems, ELC fails very (2) it is clear that by decreasing the power factor angle to 30 0,
frequently and required frequent maintenance. Hence, in order we can increase the amplitude of the load active power. To
to develop a robust ELC system, a thorough understanding of make the different phase angle, it is compulsory to introduce
the effects of the variations of the various parameters on the some modification for above C-2C configuration.
system is a necessity.
This research paper presents a new technique to generate
two phase power from a three phase generator using C2R-R
arrangement. This becomes more attractive as it utilizes the
machine up to 86.6%. Also this study analyses the effect on
machine operation due to varying output and input power.
This help to develop a robust algorithm for ELC. The ELC
control is also fully described.
Ptotal vab iRab vcb iRcb Fig. 5. Circuit Arrangement with C-2C Configuration
Pgen
24.0
Speed
1.20
1.00
Fig. 6(b). Power Variation and Rotor Speed Variation Fig. 8 (b). Power Variation and Rotor Speed Variation
100
0
of C-2C and C2R-R methods respectively.
-100 As Fig. 9 shows, it is clear that the generator can only
-200
-300
deliver up to 16 kW out of its rated power within its maximum
-400 allowable voltage limits when the C-2C scheme is employed.
Igen_a Igen_b Igen_c According to the results of C2R-R configuration, shown
80
60 in Fig. 10; the power output is considerably higher than that of
40 the traditional method. It is capable of producing almost its
Current (A)
20
0
rated power without violating the voltage and current ratings
-20 of the generator, if the machine is operated at its C2R-R
-40
-60
arrangement. However, if the machine does not have enough
-80 magnetization then it must be exited at its startup operation.
Vgen
1.20
Fig. 8(a). Three-Phase Instantaneous Voltage and Current at
1.00
the Machine Terminals
rms voltage (pu)
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Fig. 11. Schematic Diagram of the ELC with the Ballast Fig. 12. Controller Output Signals of the ELC Modeled in
Loads PSCAD/EMTDCTM
T.S. Weerakoo et al./ Journal of Energy & Environment, Vol. 1 (2009), No. 1, 38-44 43
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