S H A H P Gi A CH NG V NG T

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L THUYT V BI TP
S HA HP CH NG V NG T
Su tm v Bin son bi C Qunh Trang
A. L THUYT CHUNG
1. Hai ch ng lin kt vi nhau bng lin t and th cn ng t s nhiu.
Eg: Helen and Dorothy are here.
Helen v Dorothy y.
Lu :
a/ Nu hai ch ng tuy ni vi nhau bng and nhng li c xem nh l mt th ng t theo sau vn s
t.
Eg: The president and CEO is Mr. Smith.
Ch tch (Hi ng qun tr) kim gim c iu hnh l ng Smith.
b/ Cc t each v every ng trc nhng ch ng s t lin kt vi nhau bng lin t and th ng t vn
s t.
Eg: Each boy and girl in the room gets only one vote.
Mi c cu trong phng ny ch c duy nht mt phiu bu.
2. neither A nor B
either A or B + V(B)
not only A but also B
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Eg: Her car or Helens is always available.
Xe ca c y hoc xe ca Helen lun lun sn sng.
Not only the students but also the professor is going to attend. (2)
Khng ch sinh vin m c v gio s cng s tham d.
3. A, as well as B
A, in addition to B
A, together with B
A, along with B + V (A)
A, accompanied by B
A, including B
A, not to mention B
Eg: Dorothy, as well as her brothers, intends to spend the summer here.
Dorothy, cng nh cc em trai c y, d nh ngh h y.
4. Vi cc danh t tp hp ng lm ch ng (v d: jury, committee, crowd, team, group,
majority...)
Khi ta xem danh t nh mt n v (unit) dng ng t hnh thc s t.
Nhng nu ta dng vi ngha tng thnh vin (member) ring bit hp thnh,
danh t tp hp cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu.
Eg: - Khi ta dng danh t family vi ngha tng thnh vin ca gia nh ring bit.
The family are arriving for the wedding at different times.

(Cc thnh vin) Gia nh n d m ci vo nhng thi im khc nhau.
- Vi danh t tp hp jury:
After deliberating, the jury reports its verdict.
Sau khi cn nhc k lng, bi thm on tuyn b phn quyt ca mnh.
- The jury have many specialized skills.
(Cc thnh vin) Bi thm on c nhiu k nng chuyn bit.
Trong cu trn, jury c xem l mt tng th duy nht nn ng t theo sau hnh thc s t
(reports). Cu di m ch n nhng thnh vin ring bit trong bi thm on nn danh t tp
hp l s nhiu v cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu (have).
Danh t tp hp number c th i hi ng t s t hoc s nhiu: The number of... th lun
lun cn ng t s t; A number of th cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu.
Eg: The number of employees needing supervision is diminishing.
S ngi lm cng cn c gim st ang gim i.
A number of people are asking for bonuses.
Mt s ngi ang i tin thng.
Mt s trng hp khng c gii t of theo sau a numberm ng ngha hm mt khi
thng nht th ng t s t.
Eg: A number like twelve billion is hard to comprehend.
Mt con s c 12 t th kh m hiu ni.
5. Nhng i t nh: either, neither, each, every, one, cc i t c one, body hoc thing (anyone, no one,
someone, anybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything...) ng t hnh thc s t.
Eg: One of my closest friends in the class comes from Singapore.

Trong lp, mt trong nhng ngi bn thn nht ca ti n t Singapore.
Each of us studies hard.
Mi mt chng ti u hc hnh chm ch.
C khi nhng i t ny kt hp vi nhau cng dng ng t s t.
Eg: Anybody and everybody is welcome.
Mi ngi u c cho n.
Lu :
a/ Khi each theo sau ch ng, th each khng cn nh hng g n ng t na. Chng hn, nu
ch ng l danh t s nhiu theo sau bng i t each, th ng t s nhiu.
Eg: Big cities each have their own special problems.
Mi thnh ph ln u c nhng vn ring bit ca chng.
b/ Cc i t both (c hai), few (vi, s t), many (nhiu), others (nhng ci khc) v several (mt
s, nhiu) i hi ng t i theo phi hnh thc s nhiu.
Eg: Both were small.
C hai u nh nhoi.
Many of her books are in English.
Phn ln sch ca c y vit bng ting Anh.
Nhng khi many i vi a (thng dng trong vn chng) cng vi ngha nh many, nhng
many a dng vi danh t s t v ng t theo sau cng phi s t.
Eg: Many a student does not work hard.
Nhiu sinh vin khng chu kh hc hnh.

c/ Mt s i t bt nh nh all (ton b, tt c), any (mt s hoc lng khng xc nh, khng
mt ai), some (mt vi), none (khng ai, khng vt g)... c th i vi ng t s t hay s nhiu
ty thuc vo ng ngha ca danh t m i t thay th.
Eg: All of the money is reserved for emergencies.
Ton b tin bc l d tr cho cc trng hp khn cp.
All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system.
Ton b cc ng vin u ha ci thin h thng gio dc.
Cu trn, i t all m ch n money trong trng hp ny l danh t khng m c, s t,
nn ng t be cng s t (is). Cu di, all ng n candidates l danh t s nhiu nn ng
t theo sau cng chia hnh thc s nhiu (promise).
6. Khi c mt trong cc i t who, which, that ng lm ch ng cho mt mnh ph thuc, th ng t
trong mnh phi ph hp vi tin t, tc nhng t hay cm t c i t thay th.
Eg: John is one of the men who drink too much beer.
John l mt trong nhng ngi ung qu nhiu bia.
John is one man who drinks too much beer.
John l mt ngi ung qu nhiu bia.
Khi trong tin t c cm t one of v only one of:
Hy xem xt hai cu sau:
- He is one of those people who are late for everything.
Anh ta l mt trong s nhng ngi tr ni vi mi vic.
- He is the only one of those people who is late for everything.
Anh ta l ngi duy nht tr ni vi mi vic.

Cu trn ng anh ta l mt trong s nhng ngi tr ni, i t who thay th cho people nhng
ngi tr ni - nn ng t to be hnh thc s nhiu (are). Cn cu di, trong s
nhng ngi th anh ta l ngi duy nht tr ni. i t who thay cho one kt hp vi only khin
ng t trong mnh ph phi hnh thc s t (is).
7. Danh t c hnh thc s nhiu nhng ng ngha li s t: Danh t khng m c tn cng bng -
ics hoc -s nh news (tin tc) v cc danh t thng gp
trong cc lnh vc sau:
Cc mn hc v cc hot ng: athletics (in kinh), economics (kinh t hc), linguistics
(ngn ng hc), mathematics (ton hc), politics (chnh tr hc)...
Cc mn chi, tr chi: billiards (bi-da), checkers (c am), darts (tr chi phng lao trong nh),
domnoes (tr chi -mi-n)...
Tn mt s bnh: diabetes (bnh tiu ng), measles (bnh si), mumps (bnh quai b),
rabies (bnh di), shingles (bnh zona, bnh l mnh), rickets (bnh ci xng)...
Eg: - Mathematics is too dificult for them.
Ton hc qu kh i vi h.
- Measles still strikes many Americans.
Bnh si vn cn ging xung nhiu ngi M.
Cc danh t ch mn hc tn cng bng -ics dng vi ng t s t, nhng khi nhng t
c dng vi nhng ngha khc th c th i hi ng t s nhiu.
Eg: - Statistics is an interesting subject.
Thng k l mt mn hc th v.
- Statistics are often misleading.

S liu thng k thng hay sai lc.
Cu di, statistics hm ngha: cc thng k, s liu thng k l danh t s nhiu.
8. Mt s t nh pants (qun di M, qun lt Anh), trousers (qun), pliers (ci km),
scissors (ci ko), shears (ci ko ln - ct lng cu, ta hng giu) v tongs (ci kp) l danh
t s nhiu v cn ng t s nhiu i cng. Tuy nhin, khi c t pair (of) i trc cc danh t
ny v ng lm ch ng th ng t theo sau l s t.
Eg:- The scissors are very sharp.
Ci ko rt sc.
- A pair of scissors was left on the table.
Ci ko c li trn bn.
9. Khi ch ng l ta sch, tn cc tc phm ngh thut, kch bn... th ng t s t cho d ta
c hnh thc s nhiu.
Eg: - Sons and Lovers was one of the strangest books I have ever read.
Sons and Lovers l mt trong nhng cun sch k l nht m ti tng c.
10. Tn ca cc n v, t chc... l cc danh t tp hp th i hi ng t s t.
Eg: - Marshall, Smith, and Williams is a law firm in Colorado.
Marshall, Smith, and Williams l mt cng ty (hoc t hp) lut Colorado.
11. Nn nh rng, there v here khng bao gi ng vai ch ng ca mt cu. Nu mt cu bt
u bng there hoc here th ch ng thng nm pha sau ng t.

Eg: - Here are the pictures of our wedding.
y l nhng bc nh m ci ca chng ti.
- There is only one desk in the classroom.
Ch c duy nht mt ci bn trong lp.
cu trn, ch ng khng phi l here m l pictures nn ng t phi s nhiu (are). Cu
di, ch ng l desk nn ng t s t (is).
Nhng cu bt u vi i t nhn xng It lm ch ng th ng t theo sau lun s t.
Eg: - It was Dorothy and Helen who came to see us yesterday while we were away.
l Dorothy v Heen n thm chng ti hm qua khi chng ti i vng.
12. Mc d hu ht cc ch ng s nhiu u c ng t i theo hnh thc s nhiu, nhng vi
nhng danh t ni v s lng tin bc, thi gian, khong cch... th li i vi ng t s t. Lc
, khi lng (tin bc, thi gian...) c xem l mt n v.
Eg: - Eleven hundred dollars a year was the per capita income in Japan in 1960.
Mi mt -la mt nm l thu nhp bnh qun u ngi Nht Bn nm 1960.
- Twenty miles is the length of the race.
20 dm l chiu di ca cuc ua.
Nhng khi ngi vit c nhn mnh n tng n v ca khi lng s nhiu , th phi
dng ng t s nhiu.
Eg: - The fourteen dollars were dropped in to the till one by one.
Bn mi -la c th vo ngn ng tin tng ng mt.
13. Khi ch ng l mt phn s (fraction) hoc phn trm (percent), hay cc t

nh: half, part, plenty v rest, th s ca ng t ty thuc vo danh t lm b ng cho gii t i theo phn
s hoc phn trm hay cc t .
Eg:- Sixty percent of his house is painted blue.
60% cn nh ca anh y c sn mu xanh.
- More than thirty percent of the houses on this street are for sale.
Hn 30% nhng cn nh trn ph ny ang cho bn.
- Half (of) her relatives live abroad.
Mt na thn nhn ca c y sng hi ngoi.
14. Khi din gii cc bi ton n gin - cng, tr, nhn, chia - ta cn lu :
Khi cng hay nhn, ta c th dng ng t s t hay s nhiu u c.
- Two and two is four. Hoc: Two and two are four. 2 cng 2 l 4.
- Twelve times three is thirty-six. Hoc: Twelve times three are thirty-six.
12 nhn 3 l 36.
Nhng vi tr v chia, th lun lun dng ng t s t.
- Nine minus four is five. Hoc: Nine minus four leaves five.
9 tr 4 cn 5.
II. LUYN TP

1. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:
1. A large number of students in this school. . English quite fluently.
a. speaks b. is speaking c. has spoken d. speak
2. A series of lecturesbeing presented at the Central Hall this week.
a. are b. will be c. has become d. is
3. Beauty as well as health . failed her this term.
a. has b. have c. is d. are
4. Bread and butter . what she asks for.
a. is b. are c. will be d. have been
5. Each student. answered the first three questions.
a. has b. have c. have to d. must
6. Either John or his wife breakfast each morning.
a. make b. is making c. makes d. made
7. Everybody who . a fever must go home at once.
a. has b. have c. is having d. are having
8. Five dollars all I have on me.
a. are b. is c. will be d. have
9. John, along with twenty friends, . planning a party.
a. are b. is c. has been d. have been
10. Mathematics. . the science of quantity.

a. was b. are c. is d. were
11. Measlescured without much difficulty nowadays.
a. is b. are c. will be d. have
12. Neither Mary nor her brothersa consent form for tomorrows field trip.
a. need b. needs c. is needing d. has need
13. Peter, together with his uncle, fishing.
a. have gone b. has gone c. go d. goes
14. The army. eliminated this section of the training test.
a. has b. is having c. are d. have
15. The number of the months in a year twelve.
a. was b. were c. are d. is
16. The picture of the soldiers. . back many memories.
a. will bring b. brings c. bring d. have brought
17. These pictures, as well as the photograph. . the room.
a. brightens b. brightening c. brighten d. being brightened
18. The quality of the recordings . . not very good.
a. is b. are c. is being d. has been
19. This house as well as that one. . for sale, which will you have?
a. are b. is c. have d. has
20. To what place either the man or his son wish to go?

a. is b. does c. do d. are
21. Twenty miles. a long way to walk.
a. are b. was c. is d. were
22. What he told you. . to be of no importance.
a. seems b. seem c. must seem d. have seemed
23. Mathematics. . not always an exact science.
a. was b. are c. is d. were
24. Mr. John, accompanied by several members of the committee,. . proposed some changes of the
rules.
a. have b. has c. are d. is
25. The flock of birds. . circling overhead.
a. gets b. are c. is d. get
26. The levels of intoxication. from subject to subject.
a. has been varied b. have been varied c. varies d. vary
27. The majority of the students. . him to be innocent.
a. was made b. believe c. makes d. make
28. The pair of the pliers. . on the table.
a. was b. were c. put d. puts
29. The use of credit cards in place of cash. . increased rapidly in recent years.
a. have been b. has been c. has d. have

30. Advertisements on television. . becoming more competitive than ever before.
a. has b. have c. are d. is
2. Supply the correct tenses and form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. The English (be) . famous for their calmness.
2. The money that (spend) . on education every year (be) not enough.
3. The number of employees who (not, finish) . their work yet (have) . . to work on the
weekend.
4. The office (close) on the weekend.
5. The office (try) a lot to win the bosss heart recently.
6. Five kilos of gold (steal) . . from the bank yesterday.
7. Physics (cause) you any trouble at school.
8. Yesterday, neither you nor I (choose) . to deliver the speech. So who (choose) . ?-
Daisy and Ann (be) .
9. That you enjoy the food I cook (encourage) . me a lot.
10. When I (see) you yesterday, the boy in black trousers (try) . . to steal your wallet.
11. The contracts signed by the company (have) been voided because some stipulations were not
met.
12. Ten miles (be) . a very long distance for us to walk.
13. Each package that is not properly wrapped (have) . . to be returned to the sender.

14. The keys of the house (have) . been lost.
15. The plan as well as the proposals (be) . . to be presented in the coming Monday meeting.
16. The box of ribbons for the electric typewriter (have) . . been misplaced.
17. It is disconcerting to believe that every possible candidate (have) . . been rejected for one reason
or another.
18. There (have) . been more excitement in this city about a sporting event.
19. To me, Mathematics (be) something very easy to master.
20. If nobody (have) . . bought that car from the dealer, then you should return and make another
offer.
3. Correct the sentences if necessary. Check () s any that are already correct:
1. The Chinese has an interesting history.
2. English is one of the most popular language in the world.
3. The scissors on the table is my sisters.
4. Linguistics is my major field of study.
5. There are good furniture in this showroom.
6. The cattle is grazing in the meadow.
7. The interrogation, conducted by the police officers, have lasted for several hours.
8. The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening.
9. The president, surrounded by secret service agents, is trying to make his way to the podium.
10. The buildings destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers expense.

11. 20 percent of the forest have been destroyed lately.
12. The witnesses saw that most of the fire in the hills was extinguished.
13. Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animals preserve.
14. All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next
Monday.
15. Half of the food that we are serving to the guests are still in the refrigerator.
16. We believe that some of the employees is going to be devoted to quality control.
17. It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man.
18. Each of the doctors in the building needs to have a separate reception area.
19. The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of chief staff advisor.
20. Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8. 00.
4. Complete the sentences with is / are, has / have or dose /do.
1. Either John or you . . to be responsible for the unfinished work.
2. David, as well as his friends, collecting waste paper to recycle.
3. John and Helen . . not admit to have broken the window.
4. Neither Tom nor his friends. . lost the keys.
5. Both Peter and his girlfriend. working for a bank.
6. Neither the library nor the bookstorethe book I need.
7. Tom as well as his two close friends not in class today.

8. Both Ron and Bob passed the exam successfully.
9. One of the staffs. to report the problem to the manager.
10. Either the girl or her parentsgoing to be present at the party.
5. In each of the following sentences, put the verb in brackets into the correct form:
1. Two weeks (go) fast when you are on vacation.
2. Many of the girls in my school (wear) white shirts.
3. Three kilos of potatoes (make) the basket heavier.
4. Some of the tables in the classroom (be) broken.
5. Bacteria of the harmful kind (cause) diseases.
6. What we need most (be) books.
7. The English (be) proud and independent people.
8. The United States (have) a population of 250 million.
9. There (be, not) any letters in the mail for you today.
10. Everyone in both cars (be) injured in the accident last night.
11. The books borrowed from the library (be) on my desk.
12. The boy who won the two medals (be) a friend of mine.
13. Bread and butter (be) our daily food.
14. The quality of the candies (be) poor.
15. Gold, as well as platinum, (have) recently risen in price.
16. His courage and endurance (be) tried to the utmost.

17. No news (be) good news.
18. A good man and useful citizen (have) passed away.
19. The jury (be) divided in their opinions.
20. The cost of all these articles (have) risen.

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1. Hai ch ng lin kt vi nhau bng lin t and th cn ng t s nhiu.

Eg: Helen and Dorothy are here.

a/ Nu hai ch ng tuy ni vi nhau bng and nhng li c xem nh l mt th ng t theo sau vn s

Eg: The president and CEO is Mr. Smith.

Ch tch (Hi ng qun tr) kim gim c iu hnh l ng Smith.

b/ Cc t each v every ng trc nhng ch ng s t lin kt vi nhau bng lin t and th ng t vn

Mi c cu trong phng ny ch c duy nht mt phiu bu.

not only A but also B

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Eg: Her car or Helens is always available.

Xe ca c y hoc xe ca Helen lun lun sn sng.

Khng ch sinh vin m c v gio s cng s tham d.

A, along with B + V (A)

Dorothy, cng nh cc em trai c y, d nh ngh h y.

4. Vi cc danh t tp hp ng lm ch ng (v d: jury, committee, crowd, team, group,

Khi ta xem danh t nh mt n v (unit) dng ng t hnh thc s t.

danh t tp hp cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu.

The family are arriving for the wedding at different times.

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(Cc thnh vin) Gia nh n d m ci vo nhng thi im khc nhau.

After deliberating, the jury reports its verdict.

Sau khi cn nhc k lng, bi thm on tuyn b phn quyt ca mnh.

- The jury have many specialized skills.

(Cc thnh vin) Bi thm on c nhiu k nng chuyn bit.

(reports). Cu di m ch n nhng thnh vin ring bit trong bi thm on nn danh t tp

hp l s nhiu v cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu (have).

Danh t tp hp number c th i hi ng t s t hoc s nhiu: The number of... th lun

lun cn ng t s t; A number of th cn ng t hnh thc s nhiu.

Eg: The number of employees needing supervision is diminishing.

S ngi lm cng cn c gim st ang gim i.

A number of people are asking for bonuses.

Mt s ngi ang i tin thng.

Mt s trng hp khng c gii t of theo sau a numberm ng ngha hm mt khi

Eg: A number like twelve billion is hard to comprehend.

Mt con s c 12 t th kh m hiu ni.

someone, anybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything...) ng t hnh thc s t.

Eg: One of my closest friends in the class comes from Singapore.

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Trong lp, mt trong nhng ngi bn thn nht ca ti n t Singapore.

Each of us studies hard.

Mi mt chng ti u hc hnh chm ch.

C khi nhng i t ny kt hp vi nhau cng dng ng t s t.

Eg: Anybody and everybody is welcome.

ch ng l danh t s nhiu theo sau bng i t each, th ng t s nhiu.

Eg: Big cities each have their own special problems.

Mi thnh ph ln u c nhng vn ring bit ca chng.

s, nhiu) i hi ng t i theo phi hnh thc s nhiu.

Eg: Both were small.

Many of her books are in English.

Phn ln sch ca c y vit bng ting Anh.

many a dng vi danh t s t v ng t theo sau cng phi s t.

Eg: Many a student does not work hard.

Nhiu sinh vin khng chu kh hc hnh.

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ty thuc vo ng ngha ca danh t m i t thay th.

Eg: All of the money is reserved for emergencies.

Ton b tin bc l d tr cho cc trng hp khn cp.

All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system.

Ton b cc ng vin u ha ci thin h thng gio dc.

Cu trn, i t all m ch n money trong trng hp ny l danh t khng m c, s t,

nn ng t be cng s t (is). Cu di, all ng n candidates l danh t s nhiu nn ng