CD ROM Glossary

ability noun
the level of skill that someone has in a particular job or activity:

The work will vary according to your abilities.
Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Macmillan Publishers Limited
accent noun
a way of saying words that shows what country, region, or social class someone comes
from:
Tom hasnt lost his broad Irish accent.

acceptable adjective
considered by most people to be reasonable or to be something that can be allowed:
By the 1960s, it was becoming more acceptable for women to work in management.

accessorise verb
to add accessories to something, especially to the clothes you are wearing:
Elaine accessorised her dress with a navy bag and scarf.

access noun
the right or opportunity to have or use something that will bring you benefits:
Access to up-to-date financial information is important to our success.

accessible adjective
1 an accessible place is easy to find or get to:
The city is easily accessible by road, rail, or air.
2 an accessible person is available or friendly and easy to talk to, even if they are in
an important position:
Your tutor will always be accessible on Friday mornings in case you have a problem.
Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

accommodate verb
to provide a place or room for someone to stay in:
Designed by an Italian architect, the hotel can accommodate 600 guests.
The teams will be accommodated in luxury hotels.
accommodation noun
a place for someone to stay, live, or work in, for example a house, flat or hotel room.
The accommodation was clean and cheap but a long way from the city centre.

accordance noun
in accordance with phrase
in a way that follows a rule, system, or someones wishes:
In accordance with the terms of the contract, they paid within 30 days.

account noun
1 accounts: a detailed record that a business keeps of the money it receives and spends
in a particular period of time:
The accounts showed a loss of 498 million.
2 an arrangement you have with a company or Internet provider to use a service they
provide:
Do you have an email account?

accumulate verb
to get more and more of something over a period of time or to increase in quantity over a
period of time:
Over the years, I had accumulated hundreds of books.
Medical evidence for the benefits of the procedure has been accumulating.

accurately adverb
in an exact way, without making a mistake:
Have I described the situation accurately?

accusation noun
a claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong:
There have been further accusations of corruption.

acknowledge verb
to accept or admit that something exists, is true, or is real:
She wont acknowledge that theres a problem.

acronym noun
an abbreviation consisting of letters that form a word:
NATO is an acronym for the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.

address verb
to try to deal with a problem or question, for example by thinking carefully about it, or by
doing things to improve a situation:
The government has been slow to address the problem of overcrowding in prisons.

add up phrasal verb
if a set of facts does not add up, you do not believe it is correct because it does not match
other information that you already have:
Theres something about this case that just doesnt add up.

adequate adjective
good enough or large enough for a particular purpose:
The state has an adequate supply of trained teachers.

advance noun
in advance phrase
if you do something in advance, you do it in preparation for a particular time or event in
the future:
Details of the meeting had been circulated well in advance.

advertisement noun
1 a short film on television or short article on radio that is intended to persuade
people to buy something:
These advertisements target children.
2 an announcement in a newspaper, on the Internet etc inviting people to apply for a
job that is available:
They placed an advertisement for translators in most of the daily newspapers.

advertising noun
advertisements in general:
We spend $5 million a year on advertising.

advice noun
take someones advice phrase
do what someone advises:
I took his advice and left.

advise verb
to tell someone facts or information that they need to know:
The committee will advise all applicants of its decision by 30 June.

aeronautical adjective
connected with the science of making or flying planes:
Aeronautical engineers are trying to discover what caused the crash.

affluence noun
being rich enough to buy things for pleasure:
Ben was adapting to a life of affluence after a childhood spent in poverty.

affluent adjective
rich enough to buy things for pleasure:
The campaign is aimed at affluent young professionals.

affordable adjective
cheap enough for ordinary people to afford:
They are offering concert seats at affordable prices.

aforementioned adjective
mentioned before in an earlier part of a piece of writing:
As a result of the aforementioned incident, my client was unable to work for six months.

age verb
if an alcoholic drink ages or you age it, its taste improves because it is kept for some time:
They age the sherry in these barrels for two years.
This wine tastes best when it has aged for at least five years.

ages noun
a long time
She spends ages on the phone.
for ages phrase
Shes lived here for ages.

agency noun
a business that provides a service for people or companies, especially by giving them
information or making arrangements:
The employment agency has sent three excellent candidates for interview.

agenda noun
a list of things that people will discuss at a meeting:
Lets move to the last item on the agenda.

agent noun
a person or company that does business for another person or company, for example by
selling their products or by dealing with their customers:
The shipping agent will handle the insurance.

agreement noun
reach an agreement/come to an agreement phrase
make a decision after a lot of discussion
Management announced that it had reached an agreement with the unions.
We finally came to an agreement: I would cook and Ann would clean.

air traffic controller noun
someone whose job is to organise the movement of planes in a particular area by giving
instructions to pilots by radio:
The pilot asked the air traffic controller for permission to land.

aisle seat noun
a seat in a train, plane, etc, next to an aisle:
I dont like sitting next to the window; Id prefer an aisle seat.

allowance noun
an amount of something that you are officially allowed by a particular set of rules or by
the law:
Your baggage allowance is 30 kilos.

almondy adjective
almondy food has a lot of almonds in it, or tastes or smells like almonds (= a flat white nut
with a brown skin that is often used in cooking):
Try some of this cake, its really almondy.

alternative noun
something that you can choose instead of something else:
There was no alternative but to close the road until February.

alternatively adverb
used for making another suggestion:
We could drive all the way. Alternatively, we could fly.
analyst noun
someone whose job is to carefully examine a situation, event etc in order to provide other
people with information about it:
Economic analysts warned that inflation was rising.
Our computer analysts are working on a software solution.

announcement noun
a public or official statement that gives people information about something:
The talks are continuing, but no announcements are expected at this time.
make an announcement phrase
Observers expect the president to make an announcement about his plans tonight.

answerphone noun
a machine that answers your telephone and records messages that people leave for you:
I can pick up my home answerphone messages from my mobile.

anti-malaria adjective
preventing you from catching malaria (= a serious illness caused by being bitten by a
mosquito, usually in a hot country):
Start taking anti-malaria tablets three weeks before you travel.

apologise verb
to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong or for causing a problem:
Theres no need to apologise.
I apologise for taking so long to reply.

appetising adjective
appetising food smells or looks very good:
The conference organisers always provide an appetising buffet.

appliance noun
a machine or piece of equipment that you have in your home, for example a washing
machine or refrigerator:
We stock a wide range of kitchen appliances.

appreciate verb
to be grateful for something:
I appreciate this opportunity to put my point of view to the committee.
I really appreciate all your help.

approval noun
on approval phrase
if you buy something on approval, you can send it back within a particular time if you are
not satisfied with it:
I got a copy of the book on approval.

aromatherapy noun
a health treatment in which oils with a nice smell are rubbed into your skin to make you
feel relaxed:
Burning aromatherapy oils can help you relax.

arrest verb
if the police arrest someone, they take that person to a police station because they believe
he or she has committed a crime:
He was arrested for possession of illegal drugs.

ashtray noun
a small flat container where people who smoke put ash (= the grey powder that remains
after something has burned) and the cigarettes they have finished smoking:
My least favourite job is emptying the ashtrays.

assess verb
to carefully consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgment:
We tried to assess his suitability for the job.
association noun
a group of people who have joined together because they have similar interests or aims:
I joined a professional association of engineers because their monthly journal is very
useful.

assume verb
to begin to have a particular quality, shape, expression etc:
Time with the family has started to assume greater importance.

assumption noun
something that you consider likely to be true even though no one has told you directly or
even though you have no proof:
Your argument is based on a completely false assumption.
make an assumption phrase
make a decision based on poor evidence:
People tend to make assumptions about you based on your appearance.

atmosphere noun
the mood or feeling that exists in a place and affects the people who are there:
After Joe left there was a more relaxed atmosphere at home.

attach verb
to send something such as a document or piece of extra information with a letter:
I attach a recent photograph.

attachment noun
a computer file that you send with an e-mail:
I couldnt open the attachment. Please can you e-mail it again.

attractive adjective
an attractive person is pleasant to look at, especially in a way that interests you sexually:
Jons sister is a stunningly attractive woman.

audio adjective
relating to sound that is recorded or broadcast:
They have set up a new audio system for the concert.

audio-visual adjective
using both recorded sounds and images:
We have introduced audio-visual resources for natural science classes.

availability noun
the state of being able to be obtained or used:
Whether I take the job depends on the availability of childcare.

average1 adjective
like most others of the same type:
The average child spends around ten hours a week watching television.

average2 noun
an amount that is calculated by adding several numbers together and dividing the total by
the original number of things you added together:
Each of the people in the study lost an average of six pounds in weight.

aviation noun
connected with making or flying planes:
The company is planning to expand into the aviation industry.

award noun
a prize or other reward that is given to someone who has achieved something:
They won an award for outstanding services to the industry.
awareness noun
knowledge or understanding of a subject, issue, or situation:
There was a general lack of awareness about safety issues.
Increased environmental awareness has led to a greater demand for recycled paper.

background noun
information about what has happened in the past that helps you to understand the present
situation:
Let me give you a bit of background about myself.

badly off adjective
someone who is badly off does not have much money:
They were worse off now than when they started the business.

baggage handler noun
someone whose job is to deal with passengers luggage at an airport:
The flight was delayed because one of the baggage handlers broke his leg.

bankrupt adjective
a person or business that is bankrupt has officially admitted that they have no money and
cannot pay what they owe:
Many of the companies that they had invested in went bankrupt.

bankruptcy noun
a situation in which a person or business becomes bankrupt:
The recession led to a flood of bankruptcies.
Many small farmers are facing bankruptcy.

battle noun
a situation in which different people or groups compete with each other in order to achieve
something or get an advantage:
The couple are locked in a bitter legal battle over custody of their children.

behalf noun
on someones behalf phrase
1 instead of someone, or as a representative of someone:
A solicitor issued a statement on behalf of the victims family.
2 in order to help someone:
She intervened with the immigration service on his behalf.

believable adjective
seeming possible or true:
Their story is hardly believable.

benefit1 noun
an advantage you get from a situation:
The new sports centre will bring lasting benefit to the community.
Consider the potential benefits of the deal for the company.

benefit2 verb
1 to get help or an advantage from something:
benefit from:
Patients have benefited greatly from this treatment.
2 help someone or give them an advantage:
The system mainly benefited people in the south of the country.

besides preposition
in addition to someone or something else that is being mentioned:
A lot of them are studying other things besides Italian.
There are cakes and sandwiches, and lots more besides.

bid noun
an offer to buy the shares in a company and take control of it:
If the takeover bid is successful, my boss will be made redundant.

bistro noun
a small restaurant or bar:
We often have lunch at the bistro near the office.

blend verb
to mix different foods or other substances together:
Blend the butter and the sugar together.

blues noun
a type of slow and sad music that developed from the songs of black slaves in the southern
US:
Bessie Smith is one of the most famous blues singers.

board1 noun
a group of people who have the responsibility of managing important business or
government activities:
She was appointed to the board investigating lapses in airport security.

board2 verb
to get onto a ship, aircraft, train, or bus:
She boarded the wrong train.
Were boarding through gate 16.

boardroom noun
a large room where the directors of a company or other organisation hold formal meetings,
usually with one large table around which everyone sits:
Please set up the boardroom for a presentation.

boiling adjective
extremely hot:
It was a boiling hot day.

bona fide adjective
a bona fide person or thing is really what they seem to be or what they claim to be:
The transfer was a bona fide commercial transaction.

boost verb
to help something to increase, improve, or become more successful:
Their share price climbed again today, boosted by rising sales.

border noun
the official line separating two countries or regions:
Thousands of refugees were fleeing across the border.

brand noun
a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular
company:
I tried using a new brand of soap.

brand-new adjective
extremely new:
Rob crashed his brand-new car.

break something off phrasal verb
to end a relationship or a discussion:
The two countries have broken off diplomatic relations.

breathtaking adjective
extremely impressive or beautiful:
The scenery along the coast was just breathtaking.
briefcase noun
a case for carrying documents and other things to work:
We arent staying the night, so I can fit everything I need in my briefcase.

briefing noun
a meeting or document in which people receive information or instructions:
Everyone was asked to attend a briefing on security.

Brit noun
someone who comes from the UK:
Marbella was full of Brits on holiday.

Briton noun
someone who comes from the UK:
The survey shows how many Britons aged 40 or less own a house.

broadband noun
a type of connection to the Internet that allows you to receive or send a lot of information
very quickly:
Do you have broadband at home?

broadcast noun
a programme that can be seen or heard on radio or television:
We listened to a radio broadcast from the Albert Hall.

buck noun
a dollar:
spend big bucks phrase
to spend a lot of money:
They are spending big bucks on renovating their mansion.
budget noun
the amount of money a person or organisation has to spend on something:
Try to work out a monthly budget and stick to it.
All schools are expected to manage their own budgets.

buffet noun
a meal at which all the food is put on a table and people go and choose what they want:
The price includes a buffet, all drinks, and live entertainment.

bulk noun
in bulk phrase
bought or sold in large quantities:
The larger companies buy and sell in bulk.

bump into someone phrasal verb
to meet someone unexpectedly:
I bumped into your mother at the supermarket.

bumpy adjective
a bumpy ride, flight, or journey is uncomfortable because of bad weather or a bad road:
We had a bumpy bus ride into Florence from the campsite.

bust verb
if someone is busted, they are arrested, especially for offences relating to drugs:
Hes been busted for drug trafficking.

buy someone out phrasal verb
to pay money to your business partner so that you can control all of a business you
previously owned together:
The other directors have offered to buy me out.
buzzing noun
the continuous sound that an insect makes or a sound like this made by something such as
a machine:
All I could hear was the constant buzzing of the air conditioning.

by the way phrase
used for introducing a new or extra fact or comment into a conversation:
By the way, Ill be late home tonight.

cabin crew noun
the people on a plane whose job is to look after the passengers:
One of the cabin crew told us how to transfer to the next flight.

cable noun
thick wire covered with plastic that is used for carrying electricity or electronic signals:
The electricity cables run underground.

camcorder noun
a small camera used for recording pictures and sound onto videotape:
I use the camcorder to film the children for their grandfather.

campaign noun
a series of things such as television advertisements or posters that try to persuade people
to buy a product:
The campaign boosted sales of the jeans by 200%.

candidate noun
someone who is taking an examination:
Candidates may use a calculator.
canteen noun
a room in a factory, school, or hospital where cheap meals are served:
If youre going to the canteen, could you bring me back a ham sandwich?

captivating adjective
very interesting or attractive in a way that takes all your attention:
His story was so captivating that everyone fell silent.

carelessness noun
not thinking about what you are doing, so you make mistakes, hurt people, or damage
things:
Leaving the camera on the beach is typical of Lauras carelessness.

carousel noun
a moving surface in an airport from which you collect your bags:
After ten minutes our second bag had still not appeared on the carousel.

car pool noun
a group of car owners who agree to travel together to work, college etc so that only one
car is used each time:
We meet at the supermarket then someone from the car pool drives us all to work.

carpool verb
to travel together to work, college etc as a group of car owners so that only one car is used
each time:
Are you interested in carpooling to the conference all next week?

carry-on adjective
carry-on bags or cases are ones that you can keep with you on a plane:
Your carry-on case must be small enough to fit in this basket.
case noun
1 a legal matter that will be decided in a court:
The case involved charges of police corruption.
2 a container for holding a large number of separate things, especially bottles, or the
things in the container:
We bought a case of wine.

cash in on something phrasal verb
to use an opportunity to make a profit or gain an advantage:
They accused her of trying to cash in on her daughters fame.

cask noun
a round wooden container for storing a liquid, especially alcoholic drink:
Nelsons body was brought home in a cask of brandy.

catch verb
to hear something that someone says:
Im sorry, I didnt catch your name.

catering noun
the job of organizing the food and drinks for an event such as a party or meeting:
Whos doing the catering for the reception?

cattle noun
cows and bulls kept by farmers for their milk or meat:
Try our famous burgers made of 100% beef from locally reared cattle.

celebrated adjective
famous and praised by many people:
The garden became celebrated for its exotic plants.
cellar noun
a room under a building, below the level of the ground, usually used for storing things:
We store the apples in the cellar.

CEO noun
Chief Executive Officer: the most senior manager in a company who has more authority
than anyone else and is responsible for its success:
The CEO is expected to announce a merger.

chair noun
the person who is in charge of a meeting, committee, or company:
He is the former chair of the Atomic Energy Commission.

chairman noun
the person who is in charge of a meeting or committee:
The chairman suggested that there should be another vote.

chance noun
used for talking about the opportunities that someone has in life:
Unemployment is clearly associated with reduced life chances.
No chance! phrase
used to say that something is extremely unlikely to happen:
Do you think theyll let me go on the trip? No chance!

charge noun
if you are in charge, you have control over someone or something and are responsible for
them:
Philips in charge of our marketing department.
put someone in charge (of someone/something):
He was subsequently put in charge of the whole investigation.

charity noun
an organisation to which you give money so that it can give money and help to people
who are poor or ill, or who need advice and support; also these organisations considered
as a group:
The Childrens Society is a registered charity.
The show raised thousands of pounds for charity.
I donated the prize money to charity.

chauffeur noun
someone whose job is to drive a rich and important person around in their car, usually
wearing a special uniform:
Their chauffeur met me at the airport.

chocolatey adjective
chocolatey food has a lot of chocolate in it, or tastes or smells like chocolate:
She made a gorgeous chocolatey dessert.

chore noun
an unpleasant, boring, or difficult thing that must be done:
Cleaning out the shed is a real chore.

circulate verb
to send something to all the members of a group of people:
The letter has been circulated to shareholders.

civil adjective
relating to or involving ordinary people, not the armed forces:
The article outlines the development of nuclear power for military and civil use.

clarification noun
an explanation that makes something clearer and easier to understand:
Please contact us if you require clarification of any of these matters.
clarify verb
to explain something more clearly so that it is easier to understand:
Could you clarify your remarks?

clay pigeon shooting noun
the sport of shooting circular clay objects known as clay pigeons that are thrown into the
air by a machine:
After lunch we could choose between clay pigeon shooting and archery.

click verb
to make a computer do something by pressing a button on the mouse:
Click save and close the document.
To send the message, simply click on the send button.

cocktail noun
a drink, usually with a lot of alcohol in it, made by mixing different drinks together:
A screwdriver is a cocktail made from vodka and orange juice.

coincidence noun
a situation in which separate things happen by chance at the same time or in the same
way:
It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact moment.
My birthday is on that day as well, what a coincidence!

cold noun
a minor illness that blocks your nose and makes you cough:
I must have caught a cold on my camping holiday.

colleague noun
someone who works in the same organisation or department as you:
Friends and colleagues will remember him with affection.

collocate verb
words that collocate are often used together:
Which of the following words can collocate with authority?

come into something phrasal verb
if you come into something, it becomes yours when someone dies:
Hes just come into some money.

command noun
knowledge of a particular subject, especially the ability to speak a foreign language:
She has an excellent command of Russian.

comment verb
to make a written or spoken remark, especially giving an opinion:
The spokesman declined to comment.
Im not in a position to comment on the matter.
Researchers who read the report commented that it had many errors.

commission noun
an extra amount of money that you earn in your job every time you sell a product or get a
new customer:
As well as a good salary, I earn 5% commission on every sale I make.

committee noun
a group of people who represent a larger group or organisation and are chosen to do a
particular job, for example to study something and suggest what action to take:
The planning committee refused permission for the alterations.

communicate verb
to express thoughts, feelings, or information to another person or animal, for example by
speaking or writing:
How do whales communicate?

communication noun
the process of giving information or of making emotions or ideas known to someone:
There was a breakdown in communication.

community noun
a group of people in a larger society who are the same in some way:
The President visited several areas where there are large Jewish communities.

commuter noun
someone who travels regularly to and from work:
One of the trains involved in the crash was packed with commuters.

competently adverb
in a satisfactory or effective way:
He ran the switchboard very competently.

competition noun
the activities of companies that are trying to be more successful than others:
Competition has intensified in recent months.

complaint noun
a written or spoken statement in which someone says they are not satisfied with
something:
The council has received complaints that the building is not safe.

complementary adjective
a complementary treatment uses methods that are not used by most doctors and are
intended to treat the causes of a disease rather than the symptoms:
You could try a complementary treatment like hypnosis or acupuncture.

complicated adjective
difficult to do, deal with, or understand, especially because of involving a lot of different
processes or aspects:
The situation seems to be getting more and more complicated.

comprehension noun
the ability to understand something:
The students stared at me without comprehension.

comprehensive adjective
including many details or aspects of something:
We offer a comprehensive range of goods and services.

computer-literate adjective
able to use a computer:
My son is more computer-literate than I am and hes seven!

concerning preposition
about a particular subject:
He wrote a newspaper article concerning the problems of overcrowded cities.

conduct verb
to do something in an organised way:
The agreement doesnt allow you to conduct business from your home.
The interview was conducted by telephone.

conference noun
a large meeting, often lasting a few days, where people who are interested in a particular
subject come together to discuss ideas:
We met at an international conference on the control of illegal drugs.

confirm verb
1 to make you feel sure that an idea or belief is right or true
The head teacher confirmed that two pupils had been expelled.
2 to tell someone, usually by writing or telephoning, that something will definitely
happen at the time or in the way that has been arranged:
The date of the meeting is still to be confirmed.
You can make an appointment now, and then call nearer the time to confirm.

connect verb
to join something to a supply of electricity, water etc:
Check that your printer is connected and the power is turned on.

connection noun
1 a train, bus, or plane that allows you to continue a journey after you arrive by a
different train, bus, or plane:
My train was late and I missed my connection.
2 a road or railway system that allows you to travel from one place to another:
Birmingham has excellent road and rail connections.
3 a means of communicating using a telephone or computer network:
The phone connection from Dubai was via satellite.

connoisseur noun
someone who knows a lot about a particular thing and enjoys it a lot:
She thought of herself as a wine connoisseur.

considerable adjective
large in size, amount, or degree:
Carolines uncle left her a considerable amount of money.

consumer electronics noun
electronic items for everyday use:
The Christmas period marks the peak in our sales of consumer electronics.
consumption noun
the amount that someone eats, drinks, or smokes:
Most people need to increase their daily consumption of fruit and vegetables.

contact1 noun
1 communication between people, countries, or organisations either by talking or
writing:
There has been no direct contact between the two sides in the dispute.
Do you and Jo still keep in contact?
Ive been calling him for weeks but I still havent made contact.
2 someone you know who can help you, for example by finding work for you or
giving you information:
Ill talk to one of my contacts in the software business.

contact2 verb
to write to someone or talk to them on the telephone:
Anyone with any information about the incident should contact the police.
His staff were unable to contact him by telephone.

contaminated adjective
made dirty, polluted, or poisonous by the addition of a chemical, waste, or infection; also
used for material infected by a computer virus:
Many of the refugees are seriously ill from contaminated water.
That program I downloaded must have been contaminated.

contractor noun
a person or company whose job is to provide goods or to do work for another person,
organisation, company etc at a particular price:
The building contractors arrived two weeks late.

contribute verb
to give money, goods, or your time and effort in order to achieve something, especially
when other people are also helping:
Many local businesses offered to contribute to the school rebuilding fund.

convenience store noun
a small shop that is open for long hours and sells a variety of goods, especially food and
drink, cleaning materials, and newspapers or magazines:
Please get me some milk from the convenience store it should still be open.

convinced adjective
certain that something is true:
Despite all my fathers arguments, I still wasnt convinced.

co-operative noun
a business or other organisation owned by the people who work in it who also share the
profits:
The agricultural co-operative sells its produce at the local market.

cop noun
a police officer:
The cops chased him to the top of the building.

corporate raider noun
a person or organisation that tries to take control of a company by buying a large number
of its shares:
In the last six months a corporate raider has bought nearly 30% of the companys shares.

cosmopolitan adjective
used about a place where people from many different countries and cultures live:
New York is a great cosmopolitan city.

cost verb
to cost an arm and a leg phrase
to cost a lot of money:
A helicopter would cost an arm and a leg.
to cost a fortune phrase
to cost a lot of money:
It cost a fortune to get the car fixed.

cost of living, the noun
the amount of money you need in order to pay for basic things such as food, clothes,
shelter, heating, and transport:
The cost of living has risen sharply because of the increase in the price of oil.

count on someone/something phrasal verb
to hope or expect that something will happen or that someone will do something:
Tournament directors are counting on good weather.
Can I count on you to help?

courier noun
someone whose job is to deliver documents or parcels:
Ill send the photographs by courier.

court noun
a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided, especially in front of a judge
and a jury or a magistrate (= a judge in a court for minor crimes):
The letter was read aloud in court.

craftsmanship noun
the beautiful or impressive quality of something that has been made using a lot of skill:
Our guide pointed out the superb craftsmanship of the temple carvings.

crash1 noun
1 a sudden fall in prices or in the value of the stock market:
The stock market crash has shaken investors confidence.
2 an occasion when a computer or a computer program suddenly stops working:
The system is prone to crashes.

crash2 verb
if a computer or computer program crashes, it suddenly stops working:
Every time I get to level 22 the game crashes.

crease noun
a line made on cloth or paper when it is folded or crushed:
Hang your shirts up to get rid of the creases.

crche noun
a place where babies and small children are looked after while their parents are busy:
The hospital crche has a few spaces for the children of day patients.

cure verb
to preserve meat, fish, or other foods by drying them, or by using smoke or salt:
The fish is hung in the sun to cure.

currency noun
money that is used in a particular country:
You can use credit cards but its best to take some currency as well.

curry noun
an Indian food consisting of meat or vegetables cooked in a sauce with a hot flavour, often
eaten with rice:
Curry is rapidly becoming the UKs favourite dish.

cut verb
cut back phrasal verb
to reduce the amount of something, especially money that you spend:
Its time we cut back a little.
Were trying to cut back on the amount we spend on food.
cut down phrasal verb
to start doing less of something, especially because it is bad for your health:
The doctor advised him to cut down his working hours.
Im trying to cut down on salt.

daft adjective
silly and not sensible or reasonable:
Dont be daft of course I wont forget you.

damage noun
physical harm caused to something so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured:
Mr Charlton surveyed the damage caused by the bulldozer.

deadline noun
a specific time or date by which you have to do something:
Theyve given us a five oclock deadline.

deadlock noun
a situation in which neither person or group involved in a disagreement is willing to
change their opinions or position:
Peace talks reached deadlock today.

deal noun
a formal agreement, especially in business or politics:
He nearly got the job but then the deal fell through.

declining adjective
becoming less or worse:
Poor discipline is at the root of declining standards in educational achievement.

dedicated adjective
spending all your time and effort on something:
We are fortunate to have such a highly skilled and dedicated workforce.

delay1 noun
a situation in which something happens later or more slowly than you expected:
Please excuse my delay in replying.

delay2 verb
to make someone or something late or slow them down:
His plane had been delayed for five hours.

delegate1 noun
someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting:
The delegates all come from the advertising world.

delegate2 verb
to give part of your work, duties, or responsibilities to someone who is junior to you:
Because Henry hated to delegate, he was always overworked.

delicacy noun
a rare or expensive type of food:
Caviar is considered a delicacy in many countries.

delicate adjective
a delicate taste, smell, or colour is pleasant and not too strong:
The tea had a delicate lemon flavour.

department store noun
a large shop divided into separate sections, each section selling a different type of thing:
The third floor of the department store sells sports equipment.
depersonalise verb
to do something in a way that does not involve people very much:
The process of making an appointment has been depersonalised now it is just an
automated procedure.

descendant noun
a relative of a person who lived in the past:
Descendants of a famous Italian painter have discovered a hidden masterpiece.

deseed verb
to remove the seeds from a fruit or vegetable:
First, deseed the peppers and chop them finely.

developing adjective
a developing country is poor and does not have many industries:
Children in many developing countries lack basic medical care.

dial verb
to press the buttons, or to turn the dial, on a telephone in order to call someone:
In an emergency dial 999.

diner noun
someone who is eating a meal at a restaurant:
The roof garden seats 45 diners.

diplomatic adjective
able to deal with people in a sensitive way that does not upset or offend them:
He tried to find a diplomatic way of refusing.

disagree verb
to have an opinion that is different from the opinion that another person has:
Bob disagreed entirely, arguing that it was a risk worth taking.

discount noun
a reduction in the price of something:
Customers can get huge discounts by booking in advance.
at a discount phrase
at less than the usual price:
All tickets are now available at a discount.

disgusting adjective
extremely unpleasant:
The boat was full of boxes of fish that smelled absolutely disgusting.

dishonest adjective
willing to do things that are not honest, for example tell lies or steal things:
They admitted that there were dishonest officers in the police force.

dismay noun
the feeling of being very worried, disappointed, or sad about something surprising or
shocking that has happened:
Local people expressed their dismay at the size of the pay rise.
to someones dismay/to the dismay of someone phrase
He is leaving the department, much to the dismay of his colleagues.

dismiss verb
to force someone to leave their job:
Jackson was dismissed from her job because of the allegations.

disorganised adjective
someone who is disorganised does not deal with things in a clear or sensible way:
If you werent so disorganised in the mornings you might not miss the school bus so often.

disposable income noun
money that you have left to spend after you have paid your bills:
The increase in interest rates and fuel prices is going to leave us with even less disposable
income.

dispute noun
a serious disagreement, especially one between groups of people that lasts for a long time:
Council workers are striking because of a dispute over pay.

distil verb
to make a liquid more pure by heating it until it becomes a gas and then making it colder
so that it becomes a liquid again; to use this process to make an alcoholic drink such as
whisky:
The whisky is distilled in copper vats.

distillery noun
a place where strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky are made:
There are eight whisky distilleries on Islay.

distracting adjective
preventing you from concentrating on something:
I find it too distracting to work with the television on.

donut noun
a doughnut: a round sweet food, often in the shape of a ring, that is made by cooking
dough in oil:
George brought in donuts for everyone on his birthday.

dot noun
on the dot phrase
at exactly the time that you mention, especially when this is a time that you have arranged:
He arrived at 8 oclock on the dot.

double verb
to become twice as big, twice as much, or twice as many:
The number of people without work has doubled in the last five years.
The government is threatening to double the tax on alcohol.

down adjective
if a computer system is down, it is not working:
The server was down all morning, so I couldnt send any e-mails.

download1 noun
a downloaded computer file:
Ill just transfer these music downloads to my MP3 player.

download2 verb
to move information to your computer from another computer system or the Internet:
You can download this software for free.
Wait until its finished downloading.

downside noun
the disadvantage or negative aspect of something:
The downside of working out here is that you cant go to the bank or the shops in your
lunch break.

draught adjective
draught beer is served directly from a barrel rather than in bottles or cans:
The pub serves a variety of draught beers.

driving licence noun
an official document that you need in order to drive:
Fred lost his driving licence after being caught drink-driving.

dry-clean verb
to clean clothes using chemicals rather than water:
The label on this jacket says dry-clean only.

dummy noun
a model of someones body, used especially for measuring clothes that you are making or
for showing clothes in a shop:
Have you any more hats like the one on the dummy in the window?

eel noun
a long thin fish that looks like a snake and can be eaten:
Smoked eel is a popular dish in Poland.

effect noun
with effect from phrase
used for saying when something will start:
Trade sanctions have been imposed with effect from 1 April.

effective adjective
someone or something that is effective works well and produces the result that was
intended:
Humour is often far more effective than shouting.
This is a very effective way of controlling pests and weeds.

effectively adverb
in a way that works well and produces the result that you intended:
The system could deliver services to local communities more effectively.

efficient adjective
someone who is efficient works well and quickly and is good at organizing their work in
the way that gets the best results:
The hotels staff are friendly and efficient.

e-learning noun
methods of learning that involve the use of computers and the Internet:
E-learning is an effective tool for training staff.

elect verb
to choose someone by voting so that they represent you or hold an official position:
Every nation should have a right to elect its own government.

electrician noun
someone whose job is to repair or fit electrical equipment:
Ask the electrician to quote for rewiring the office.

electronics noun
electronic equipment, or equipment with electronic parts:
Weather can interfere with a cars electronics.

ellipsis noun
the practice of leaving a word or words out of a sentence when they are not necessary for
understanding it:
You can use some ellipsis in an informal letter.

elver noun
a baby eel:
Down there below the bridge is a good place to catch elvers.
embed verb
to fix something firmly in a surface or object:
She let go of the knife, leaving it embedded in the wood.
empire noun
a large powerful group of companies ruled by one person or company:
He left his international media empire to his niece.

enable verb
to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something:
Enemy communications were destroyed, enabling a surprise attack.
enable someone to do something:
This will enable users to conduct live video conversations.

enclose verb
to send something such as a document with a letter:
I enclose my completed application form.

endanger verb
to put someone or something into a situation where they might be harmed or damaged:
The hospital is accused of endangering patients lives.

enough pronoun, adverb
to have had enough of something phrase
used for showing you are tired of and irritated by something:
Im leaving. Ive had enough of all this nonsense!
strangely enough phrase
used for showing that you think a particular fact is strange or surprising:
Strangely enough, I dont feel tired at all.

entertaining adjective
enjoyable or fun to do:
The book is short but entertaining.
The company produces entertaining and informative programmes.

entertainment noun
performances that people enjoy:
There will be entertainment and a buffet luncheon for a cost of 30.

environment noun
1 the place in which people live and work, including all the physical conditions that
affect them:
We need to create a safe working environment for all employees.
2 the environment: the natural world, including the land, water, air, plants, and
animals, especially considered as something that is affected by human activity:
Industrial development is causing widespread damage to the environment.

environmental adjective
relating to the natural world and the effect that human activity has on it:
The Minister discussed environmental issues.

environmentally-friendly adjective
designed not to harm the natural environment:
The company uses more environmentally-friendly fuel in all its vehicles.

establish verb
to make something start to exist or start to happen:
Mandela was eager to establish good relations with the business community.

estimate verb
to say what you think an amount or value will be, either by guessing or by using available
information to calculate it:
Its difficult to estimate the cost of making your house safe.
The total cost was estimated at 600,000.

etiquette noun
a set of rules for behaving correctly in social situations:
Most social networking sites have a code of etiquette.

exaggeration noun
a comment or description that makes something seem better, worse, larger, more
important etc than it really is:
To describe it as depression would be an exaggeration she was just not very happy.

examiner noun
someone whose job is to test peoples knowledge or ability:
The examiner will be looking for confident but safe drivers.

excessive adjective
much more than is reasonable or necessary:
The charges seemed a little excessive.

exchange verb
to give someone something in return for something that they give you:
We exchanged addresses and promised to write to one another.

executive adjective
intended for the most senior people in an organisation:
The executive lounge is reserved for business class travellers.

expand on something phrasal verb
to talk or write more about something, adding more details or information:
I refuse to expand any further on my earlier statement.

expense noun
an amount of money that you spend in order to buy or do something:
Rent is our biggest expense.
They will pay your travelling expenses.
expert noun
someone who has a particular skill or who knows a lot about a particular subject:
Daniel is a judo expert.

export noun
a product that is sold to another country:
Agricultural products are the countrys largest export.

exposure noun
things that are written or said about a person, product, event etc that make them well
known:
Both candidates are getting a lot of exposure in the press.

extension noun
a telephone line that is one of several lines coming from a main line:
Im on extension 334.

extravagant adjective
extreme, unusual, or unreasonable:
He made extravagant claims on his sons behalf.

eye mask noun
a shaped piece of fabric worn over the eyes to shut out the light and help you to sleep, for
example on a flight:
Thanks to my ear plugs and eye mask, I was able to sleep for the whole flight.
face verb
if you face a problem, or if it faces you, it is likely or certain to happen and you have to
deal with it:
How to combine a career and children is a dilemma facing many women.

face to face adverb
in a situation where you are meeting and talking to another person directly:
It would be better if we talked face to face.

face-to-face adjective
involving two people who are together in the same place:
They are broadcasting a face-to-face meeting between the two candidates.

facility noun
something such as a room or piece of equipment that is provided at a place for people to
use:
Does the company offer any facilities for employees with young children?

failure noun
a lack of success in doing something:
Im too proud to admit failure.

fall-back position noun
an alternative which you use if your first choice does not succeed:
My fall-back position would be to accept the offer from Sheffield University.
fancy verb
to want to have or do something:
What do you fancy for your lunch?
Do you fancy going to the cinema?

far adverb
far too phrase:
used for emphasizing a large amount:
The issue is far too important to be discussed behind closed doors.
You eat far too much.

fascinating adjective
making you very interested or attracted:
It will be fascinating to see who the Association appoints.
I find him absolutely fascinating.

fattening adjective
making you fat:
Avoid fattening foods and take more exercise.

fatty adjective
containing a lot of fat:
Luke eats too much fatty food.

favour noun
in favour of phrase
supporting a person or an idea, proposal etc that you believe is right:
Councillor Stone then outlined the arguments in favour of the proposed changes.
I am all in favour of trying to find ways to save money.

feature noun
a newspaper or magazine article or a part of a programme on television or radio that
concentrates on a particular subject:
The presenter introduced a special feature on new childrens books.

fee noun
money that you pay to a professional person or institution for their work:
Many doctors have a standard scale of fees.
Tuition fees at Stanford have now reached 9,000 a year.

file verb
to rub something with a metal tool in order to make it smooth or to cut it:
She sat quietly filing her nails.

fill something in phrasal verb
to add information such as your name or address in the empty spaces on an official
document:
Please fill in your name and address in the space provided.
I spent over two hours filling in the application form.

finance verb
to pay for something such as a large project:
The scheme is being financed by the Arts Council.

fine1 noun
an amount of money that you have to pay because you have broken the law:
I got a 100 fine for speeding.

fine2 verb
to make someone pay an amount of money as punishment for breaking the law:
She was fined 250 for speeding.

fine art noun
objects such as paintings and sculptures that are created to be looked at because they are
beautiful or interesting:
Ellen is studying fine art at the Courtauld Institute.

fire verb
to make someone leave their job, sometimes as a punishment:
She was fired for refusing to comply with safety regulations.

fishy adjective
tasting or smelling like fish:
It left a terrible fishy odour on my clothes.

fit adjective
healthy, strong, and able to do physical exercise without getting very tired:
Running around after the kids keeps me fit.
McCarthy hopes to be fit for the match on Saturday.

fixed adjective
something such as an amount, date, or time that is fixed has been agreed on and will not
change:
The contract is for a fixed period of three years.

flash verb
to switch a bright light on, or on and off, especially as a signal:
This light flashes when the batteries are low.

flexibility noun
the ability to make changes or to deal with a situation that is changing:
Being self-employed allowed him the flexibility to work unusual hours.

flexible adjective
able to make changes or deal with a situation that is changing:
A more flexible approach to childcare arrangements is needed.
The job offers flexible working hours.

flirt with someone phrasal verb
to behave towards someone in a way that shows your sexual or romantic interest in them:
He was really cute, so I flirted with him.

flooring noun
materials such as wood or tiles that are used for making or covering a floor:
The hotel has marble flooring throughout.

flu noun
a very common infectious disease that lasts a short time and makes you feel hot or cold,
weak, and tired:
Hes in bed with flu.

fluency noun
the ability to speak a foreign language very well:
The job requires fluency in Spanish.

fold verb
to bend a piece of paper or cloth and press one part of it over another part:
Carrie folded the letter and slid it into a drawer.
She folded the towel neatly and hung it over the rail.

follow verb
to understand something, especially something long or complicated:
I couldnt follow what Professor Hope was saying.
Im sorry, I dont quite follow you.

foresee verb
to see or know something that will happen in the future:
Who could have foreseen such problems?

forward verb
to send a letter, parcel, e-mail etc that has been sent to your address to someone else at
another address:
Your enquiry has been forwarded to our head office.

frankly adverb
used for emphasizing that what you are about to say is your honest opinion, even though
the person you are talking to might not like it:
Frankly, I couldnt care less what he thinks.
freeze verb
to say officially that the rate or level of something must stay the same and not increase:
Wages were frozen until the end of December.
We are freezing prices at 2006 levels.

full-time adjective
done for the number of hours that people normally work in a complete week.
It is hard to combine study with a full-time job.

funnily adverb
funnily enough phrase
used for saying that you think something is surprising or unusual:
Funnily enough, I heard someone say exactly the same thing this morning.

fussy adjective
only satisfied if things are exactly as you want them to be:
Dont worry about me Im not a fussy eater.
Amys always been fussy about her personal appearance.

generation noun
1 a group of people in society who are born and live around the same time:
People retiring today are wealthier than the previous generation.
Generations of schoolchildren have sat at these desks.
2 all the members of a family who are of a similar age and whose parents are of a
similar age:
My mother was the only one in her generation to go to university.

generous adjective
a generous present is larger or more expensive than is usual or expected:
The committee expressed thanks to everyone for their generous donations.

gesture noun
John made a helpless gesture to show that the matter was no longer in his hands.

get verb
get back to someone (on something) phrasal verb
to phone, write, or speak to someone at a later time because you were busy or could not
answer their question earlier:
Remind me to get back to Stephanie.
Can you get back to me on those figures by the end of the day?
get through something phrasal verb
to finish dealing with some work, a subject etc:
There was a lot to get through in the meeting.

giant noun
a very large and successful company:
Ray works for the Dutch electronics giant Phillips.

gist, the noun
the main idea or most important point of something that someone has written or said:
I only got the gist of what he was saying.

glamorous adjective
attractive and interesting in an exciting and unusual way:
Its a very glamorous holiday destination.

global adjective
including or affecting the whole world:
The global economy has become increasingly unstable.
There is no obstacle to making our company truly global.

globalisation noun
the idea that the world is developing a single economy and culture as a result of improved
technology and communications and the influence of very large multinational companies:
Critics of globalisation staged a large demonstration.

globalised adjective
including or affecting the whole world:
Not everyone is in favour of a globalised economy.

go over something phrasal verb
to repeat a series of things, or to think about them again in order to understand them
completely:
My mind was going over the curious events at Ingard House.
Chris went over the instructions again to make sure we understood.

good noun
advantage, or benefit:
for the good of someone/something phrase
Hartman should resign for the good of the party.

goodness interjection
used for showing that you are surprised:
Goodness, is it that time already?

gosh interjection
used for showing that you are surprised or a little annoyed:
Gosh, the others aren't here yet.
Gosh, you could have waited for me.

graphic adjective
relating to drawing:
Louise is a graphic artist.

graphite noun
a soft black substance used in pencils:
Graphite is a form of carbon.

grateful adjective
I/We would be grateful if... phrase
used for asking someone formally and politely to do something:
We would be grateful if you could return the signed contracts as soon as possible.

green adjective
designed to protect the environment or to limit damage to the environment:
The minister has promised support for wind farms and other green energy schemes.

ground crew noun
the people who clean, check, and repair aircraft or spacecraft while they are on the
ground:
The ground crew found a fault on one of the cabin doors.

guy noun
a man:
Shes going out with some French guy she met on holiday.

habit noun
a physical need to do something regularly such as smoke cigarettes or take drugs:
He started stealing to finance his heroin habit.

hack verb
to use a computer to connect to someone elses computer secretly and often illegally, so
that you can find or change information on it:
Young kids are finding they can hack the computers of large corporations.
hack into:
They hack into banks and transfer huge amounts of cash.
hand noun
on hand phrase
available:
Staff will be on hand to give advice.
on the other hand phrase
used for giving two different opinions about something:
Many of these garden pests cause little real damage. On the other hand, aphids can infect
raspberries with incurable diseases.
lend a (helping) hand phrase
to help:
Lydia lent a hand with the costumes.
in hand phrase
if something is in hand, you are already dealing with it:
Work is in hand on identifying information needs.

hand luggage noun
small bags that passengers are allowed to carry with them on a plane or bus:
Hand luggage is restricted to one small bag per passenger.

handle verb
to be able to deal successfully with a large amount of work or information:
The helpline handles 100 calls an hour.

handout noun
a piece of paper with information on it that is given to everyone in a group, especially a
class of students:
Youll find some of the references on the handout.

hang verb
hang around something phrasal verb
to spend time in a place waiting or doing nothing:
I hung around outside, waiting for the others.
hang on phrasal verb
to wait or be patient:
I think we should hang on and see the end of the game.
hang up phrasal verb
to stop using a telephone at the end of a conversation:
Greg hung up and sat back in his chair.

happen verb
happen to:
used for asking something politely:
Do you happen to have a pen I can borrow?

haste noun
more haste less speed phrase
used for saying that if you do something too quickly, you are likely to make mistakes:
I was in such a hurry to meet the deadline that I forgot to save my files: more haste less
speed!

head office noun
the main office of an organisation or company, or the people who work there:
Your mortgage application has been sent to our head office.

health-conscious adjective
someone who is health-conscious tries to eat a good diet and take exercise in order to be
healthy:
I've become more health-conscious now that I have children.

heart noun
the central part of something, that is furthest from the outside:
They live in the heart of the citys medieval quarter.

hedge verb
to avoid answering a question or making a decision in a definite or direct way:
Tony hedged when Mary asked him how much he had spent.

helpline noun
a telephone service provided by an organisation to give information and support:
A victim helpline has been set up by the police.

herring noun
a long thin silver sea fish eaten as food:
I discovered I liked herring when I was in Denmark.

high-rise adjective
a high-rise building is very tall with many floors or levels:
They are planning to knock down those high-rise flats.

high-speed adjective
moving or operating very quickly:
This is Japan's latest high-speed train.

highway noun
a wide road built for fast travel between towns and cities:
The Pacific Coast Highway runs through Southern California.

Hindu noun
someone whose religion is Hinduism (the main religion of India and Nepal)
Hindus believe in reincarnation and the worship of God in different forms.

historic adjective
a historic place is important because it is old and interesting or impressive:
Welcome to the historic city of York.

hit noun
1 a film, play, or show that is very successful and popular:
The film was a massive hit at the box-office.
2 someone or something that people like very much:
The car proved an instant hit in the States.

honest adjective
to be honest phrase
used when telling someone what you really think, especially when it may be something
that they do not want to hear:
To be honest, the meal was terrible.

hopshoot noun
the edible shoot of the hop, a plant which is better known for its use in flavouring beer:
Add artichokes or hopshoots to flavour your risotto.
horror noun
an unpleasant person, especially a child:
Those little horrors put worms in my purse!

host noun
someone who invites people to a meal or party, or to stay in their home:
They had brought a present for their hosts.

hostile adjective
a hostile bid is done by one company to another that opposes its action:
The airline's shareholders are fighting the hostile takeover bid.

hotline noun
a telephone number that people can call for information, often in an emergency:
Thousands of people have called the hotline this morning to enquire about relatives.

house noun
bring the house down phrase
to make a group of people or an audience react in a very enthusiastic way, especially by
laughing:
Gerard Kellys performance brought the house down.

HOV noun
high occupancy vehicle: a vehicle which carries a driver and at least one passenger:
The environmental department has introduced measures to encourage HOVs.
humour noun
something said or done that is funny:
He made a hopeless attempt at humour.

ideal adjective
of the best or most suitable type:
The fair provides an ideal opportunity for jobseekers and employers to meet.

ignore verb
to pretend that you have not noticed someone or something:
He completely ignored her and kept on walking.

illegal adjective
not allowed by the law:
I was charged with illegal possession of firearms.

immigration noun
the place, for example at an airport, where you show your passport and are officially
allowed into a country:
After collecting your luggage, you need to go through immigration.

impatient adjective
annoyed because something is not happening as quickly as you want or in the way you
want:
Come on! said Maggie, becoming impatient.

impolite adjective
not polite:
It would be impolite to leave the party so early.

incidentally adverb
used for adding related but less important information to what has just been said, or for
suddenly introducing a new subject:
Incidentally, what are the travel arrangements for tonight?

income noun
money that someone gets from working or from investing money:
There are exemptions and benefits for people on low incomes.
What is your approximate annual income?

incompetent adjective
lacking the ability or skills to do something:
I am completely incompetent; can you show me again?

inconvenience noun
an annoying problem or situation, especially one that forces you to make an extra effort to
do something:
We apologise for the inconvenience caused to passengers.

indisputable adjective
impossible to question or argue with:
Her bravery is indisputable.

industrialist noun
someone who owns or manages a large and important industrial company:
The charity's president is a leading industrialist.

inflexible adjective
not willing to change your ideas, beliefs, or decisions:
The courts remained stubbornly inflexible.

in-flight adjective
provided for passengers flying in an aircraft:
I had seen the in-flight film before.

informed adjective
based on good knowledge of something:
These booklets will help you to make an informed choice.

ingredient noun
one of the substances that are combined to make something. The active ingredient of a
drug or medicine is the thing that makes it effective:
Our products contain only natural ingredients.

initial adjective
happening at the beginning of a process, or when you first see or hear about something:
At the initial stage of the project not everyone had access to a computer.

injure verb
to do something that damages part of your body:
He injured his back in Tuesdays game, and will be unable to play tomorrow.

innovation noun
1 a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc:
The latest technological innovations will be exhibited at the fair.
2 the invention or use of new ideas, methods, equipment etc:
This is an opportunity for companies to reward creativity and innovation.

inspire verb
to give someone the enthusiasm to do or create something:
Inspired by her example, other zoologists have begun working with apes in the wild.

install verb
to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use:
Have you installed a smoke alarm in your office?

instruction manual noun
a book that tells you how to use a piece of equipment:
It says in the instruction manual that you should switch the printer off first.

insurance noun
an arrangement in which you regularly pay an insurance company an amount of money so
that they will give you money if something you own is damaged, lost, or stolen, or if you
die or are ill or injured:
Can you claim the repairs on your insurance?
Now that my son is driving my car insurance premium has increased.

insured adjective
provided with, or protected by, insurance:
Was your jewellery insured?
Is your brother insured to drive your car?

intensive adjective
involving a lot of teaching or training in a short time:
After six months intensive training, she was ready to fly the aircraft.

intention noun
a plan in your mind to do something:
Megan suddenly announced her intention of selling the house.

interaction noun
the activity of being with and talking to other people, and the way that people react to
each other:
I enjoy the constant interaction with people from other departments.

interrupt verb
to say or do something to stop someone when they are speaking or concentrating on
something:
She tried to explain, but he interrupted her in mid-sentence.

intranet noun
a network system connecting computers within an organisation that only members of that
organisation can use:
The complete client database can be accessed using the Intranet.

introduce verb
to tell someone another persons name when they meet for the first time:
Have you two been introduced?
introduce yourself:
He introduced himself as Major Desmond Morton.

invention noun
the act of inventing something:
Global communication was transformed by the invention of the Internet.

invest verb
to use your money with the aim of making a profit from it, for example by buying
property or buying shares in a company:
He began investing in the stock market at an early age.

invoice noun
a document giving details of goods or services that someone has bought and must pay for:
We submit our invoices on a monthly basis.

jammed adjective
a piece of equipment that is jammed has some part of it that is not moving correctly:
The printer is jammed because we used the wrong paper.

jelly noun
the American word for jam: a sweet sticky food that is made from boiled fruit and sugar
and is often spread on bread
These cakes are filled with jelly and cream.

job noun
be up to the job phrase
to be good enough to do something:
He's too slow; hes not really up to the job.

joke verb
you must be joking phrase
used for saying that you cannot believe that someone really means what they have just
said because it seems so surprising or so silly:
Shes thirty-five, and shes going out with a nineteen-year-old. Youre joking!

juicy adjective
juicy food tastes good because it contains a lot of liquid:
These pears are sweet and juicy.

jungle noun
a thick tropical forest:
We had to cut our way through dense jungle.

junior noun
someone who has less responsibility or experience in their work than another person:
Cabinet ministers rely on their juniors for most of their research.

key adjective
very important:
South Africa lost two key players through injury.

keyboard noun
a piece of computer equipment with keys on it, used for putting information into a
computer:
Options can be selected by using the mouse or the keyboard.

keynote noun
the most important feature of something:
Enjoyment is the keynote of this popular comedy club.

king crab noun
a type of crab (= a type of shellfish with ten legs and two large claws used for holding
things; crabs walk sideways) found in the North Pacific:
A king crab looks like a spider crab.
land verb
if an aircraft lands, it comes down to the ground:
The plane landed a couple of hours before dawn.

landline noun
a telephone that is not a mobile phone:
Ill try you again later when I get to a landline.

lane noun
one of the parts that a wide road or motorway is divided into, marked by painted lines and
intended for one line of traffic:
The outside lane is closed following an accident.
Are taxis allowed to drive in the bus lane?
large-berried adjective
a large-berried plant has large berries (=a small fruit that does not have a stone inside it):
We chose a large-berried variety of raspberry.
latte noun
a drink made by mixing espresso strong coffee with hot milk with lots of bubbles of air in
it:
I usually pick up a latte on my way to the office.

launch noun
an event at which a company or organisation officially announces that it is starting to do
or to sell something:
This week sees the launch of yet another programme to promote efficiency in government.

lay someone off phrasal verb
to end someones employment, especially temporarily, because there is not enough work
for them:
Theyve had to cut back production and lay off workers.

leave something to someone phrasal verb
to give something to someone after you die, in a will:
She left her jewels to her favourite niece.

lectern noun
a tall piece of furniture with a sloping surface where you put an open book or document
when you are giving a speech:
Emma was too small to see over the lectern.

legal adjective
relating to the law or lawyers:
You may wish to seek legal advice before signing the contract.

lend verb
lend a (helping) hand phrase
to help:
Lydia lent a hand with the costumes.

let someone go phrasal verb
to officially tell someone that they can no longer work at a job:
John was let go after it was discovered that he stole some files.

lifestyle noun
the type of life that you have, for example the type of job or house you have or the type of
activity you like doing:
An office job never appealed to me; I prefer a healthy, outdoor lifestyle.

lift noun
an occasion when someone takes you somewhere in their car:
I can give you a lift into town.
likely adjective
probably going to happen, or probably true:
The most likely cause of the fire was a cigarette.
likely to do something:
The study shows some people are more likely to suffer back problems.

located adjective
existing in a particular place:
The hotel is located in Wolverhampton town centre.
The centre is ideally located within easy reach of many historical sites.

location noun
1 the place or position where someone or something is or where something happens:
We have not found a suitable location for the new offices.
The talks are taking place at a secret location.
2 a place where a film or TV programme is made away from a studio
The castle has also been used as a film location.
on location phrase
The thriller was filmed entirely on location in Turkey.

logo noun
a symbol that represents an organisation or company, used for example in its
advertisements or on its products:
After the merger the directors had a new logo designed.

log on phrasal verb
to start using a computer system, for example by typing a particular word:
You will need the company password in order to log on.

long-standing adjective
having existed for a long time:
We have a long-standing arrangement with the bank.

long-term adjective
continuing to exist, be relevant, or have an effect for a long time in the future:
You should consider the long-term consequences of resigning.

loose adjective
not kept together as part of a group or in a container:
Loose oranges are 60p each.

loss noun
money that a person, company, organisation etc loses when it spends more than it earns:
The company reported heavy losses for last year.

lost-luggage (desk) noun
the place in an airport where you go to report to someone that your bags are missing after
a flight:
Simon has gone to the lost-luggage desk to tell them that only one of our cases arrived.
loyal adjective
willing to support, work for, or be a friend to someone, even in difficult times:
They were all loyal supporters of the King.
The company rewards loyal employees with extra days' leave.

luxurious adjective
very expensive and comfortable:
This is the most luxurious hotel I've ever stayed in.

macchiato noun
a cup of espresso with a little hot frothy milk added to it:
I'll have a macchiato instead of a dessert.

mainline adjective
on a main line:
Carlisle is a mainline station.

majority noun
most of the people or things in a group:
The majority of our employees are women.

make1 noun
a product made by a particular company:
What make is your computer?

make2 verb
make yourself heard phrase
to speak loud enough for others to hear you:
You'll have to shout if you want to make yourself heard over this music.
malt verb
to keep a grain such as barley in water until it begins to grow, and then dry it to use for
making beer, whisky, and vinegar:
The barley is usually malted before it arrives at the whisky distillery.

manicure noun
a beauty treatment for your hands and nails:
I need a manicure because I've been working in the garden.

march on phrasal verb
to continue to happen, develop, or make progress and be impossible to stop:
Time marches on.

marketing noun
the ways in which a company encourages people to buy its products by deciding on price,
type of customer, and advertising policy:
The charity's marketing campaign certainly drew attention to their activities.

martial art noun
a sport that is a traditional Asian form of fighting such as karate, judo, or kung fu:
Etiquette and discipline are an important feature of most martial arts.

mass noun
a large quantity or number:
We need to turn this mass of evidence into a coherent argument.

massage1 noun
the action of pressing, squeezing, and rubbing someones body in order to reduce pain in
their muscles or to make them relax:
She specialises in back and shoulder massage.
I've booked a massage and then I'm going to the sauna.
massage2 verb
to press, squeeze, and rub someones body in order to reduce pain in their muscles or to
make them relax:
Massaging the neck may reduce a stress headache.

match verb
to provide something that is equal in amount or level to something else:
Groups have to match any grant they receive with their own cash.

material noun
information, ideas, and experiences that you use as the subject of a book, film, song etc:
Newspaper articles are a good source of material for stories.
The concert will include material from their new album.

matter noun
something that you are discussing, considering, or dealing with:
Teachers feel this is a matter for discussion with parents.

mature verb
if cheese, wine etc matures, it is left to develop a pleasant strong flavour:
We finished the meal with a perfectly matured Brie.

meaty adjective
containing a lot of meat:
They sell lovely, meaty pies.

mechanic noun
someone whose job is to repair vehicles and machines:
I need a car mechanic to replace the gearbox.
meditation noun
quiet thought that helps you to relax or that is intended as a spiritual or religious exercise:
Yoga and meditation are closely linked.

mess noun
a situation in which a place is dirty or untidy:
Your room is a mess; please pick up your toys.

messaging noun
the process of sending and receiving electronic messages by computer or mobile phone:
Many people prefer messaging to writing personal letters.

messy adjective
very untidy or dirty:
Their kitchen is very messy.

microphone noun
a piece of equipment for making someones voice louder when they are speaking,
performing, or recording something:
Don't speak so close to the microphone.

mind1 noun
with someone/something in mind phrase
while thinking about someone or something:
We moved here with the childrens schooling in mind.
This room was designed with Carol in mind.

mind2 verb
would you mind ...? phrase
used for asking politely for something:
Would you mind closing that window?
minutes noun
an official written record of what is discussed or decided at a formal meeting:
Carl usually takes the minutes but hes not here tonight.

misunderstand verb
to not understand someone or something correctly:
I think he has misunderstood the nature of the problem.

model noun
a particular type of vehicle or machine that a company makes:
Fiat launched a new model last week.

modelling noun
the job of working as a model:
Sophie wants to go into modelling.

modest adjective
fairly small, especially when compared with other things of the same type:
His income was modest compared with that of other chief executives.

momentous adjective
very important because of having an effect on future events:
Not finishing my university course was a momentous decision.

mosquito net noun
a thin cloth that you hang around a bed in order to keep mosquitoes out:
All the beach huts are equipped with mosquito nets.

motorway noun
a wide road with several lanes of traffic going in each direction, built for fast travel over
long distances:
They are aiming to complete the new motorway in time for the Olympics.

mouse noun
a small object that you move in order to do things on a computer screen. When you press
on a part of the mouse, you click on it. You also click on things on the computer screen
itself, using a mouse:
Click on the left mouse button.

mousse noun
a cold sweet food made with cream, eggs, and fruit or chocolate:
Can I have your recipe for lemon mousse?

muesli noun
a food consisting of nuts, grains, seeds, and dried fruit, usually eaten with milk for
breakfast:
I usually have muesli and orange juice for breakfast.

mumble verb
to say something in a way that is not loud or clear enough so that your words are difficult
to understand:
He mumbled something about not wanting to go to work.

must modal verb
1 used for saying that you think something is probably true because nothing else seems
possible:
You must be tired after your long journey.
2 used for saying that it is necessary or important to do something:
Tomato plants must be watered regularly.
We mustnt be late.

nanny noun
a woman whose job is to look after someone elses children:
Our nanny usually comes on holiday with us.

near verb
to come closer to a particular time or stage:
Traffic problems become more common as the project nears completion.

nearby adverb
not far from where you are:
My father lives nearby.

negotiable adjective
a proposal, agreement, or amount of money that is negotiable can be changed through
discussion by the people involved before a final agreement is reached:
The salary is negotiable.

negotiate verb
to try to reach an agreement by discussing something in a formal way, especially in a
business or political situation:
The two sides have yet to show their willingness to negotiate.
Negotiating a peace deal will not be an easy task.

negotiation noun
formal discussions in which people or groups try to reach an agreement, especially in a
business or political situation:
The contract negotiations lasted for over a month.

negotiator noun
someone who is involved in a negotiation:
Negotiators for both sides agreed to meet again tomorrow.

nerve noun
the ability to control your fear and remain determined when you are doing something
difficult or dangerous:
It took a lot of nerve for him to ask her out.
High diving requires a steady nerve.

networking noun
the activity of meeting and talking to people to exchange information and advice about
work or interests:
There are good opportunities for networking at conferences.

neutral adjective
not showing strong feelings or opinions in the way that you speak or behave:
Her voice remained neutral as she spoke.

nickel noun
a coin in the US and Canada worth five cents:
He gave the little boy a nickel for showing him the way.

notice noun
at short notice phrase
with very little warning:
Finding a replacement could prove difficult at short notice.
hand in your notice phrase
to tell your employer that you are leaving your job, especially in a letter:
Shes handed in her notice and shes going to travel around the world.

obligation noun
something that you must do for legal or moral reasons:
Buyers have no legal obligation to disclose personal financial information.

occupational adjective
relating to, or caused by, your job:
The firm specialises in compensation for occupational accidents and diseases.

offence noun
a crime or illegal activity for which there is a punishment:
Killing these animals is a criminal offence.

one-to-one adjective
involving only two people:
Teaching will be on a one-to-one basis.

open adjective
used for describing a situation that has at least two possible results:
leave something open phrase
Shall we leave it open for now, and decide at the meeting?

operation noun
the process of cutting into someones body for medical reasons:
She may need an operation on her knee.

option noun
the right to buy or sell something in the future, for example property or stock in a
company:
If one partner dies, the others have the option to buy back their shares.

order noun
a tall order phrase
something very difficult that someone expects you to do:
To score four goals in one game is a tall order, even for him.

otherwise adverb
used for saying that if one thing does not happen or is not true, something else will
happen, usually something bad:
I hope the weather improves. Otherwise, well have to cancel the picnic.

out adverb, preposition
used for saying that something is no longer fashionable:
This year pink is definitely out.
Nylon shirts went out years ago.

outdo verb
to be better than someone else at doing something:
The kids were trying to outdo each other.

outer adjective
furthest away from the centre of something:
The attack took place beyond the outer limits of the military zone.

outline verb
to give the main ideas of a plan or a piece of writing without giving all the details:
The document outlines our companys recycling policy.

outsell verb
to sell more of something than another company or person does:
She has outsold all the other agents in her field.

outsource verb
to arrange for work to be done by people from outside your company, usually by a
company that is expert in that type of work:
We outsource most of the computer-assisted design work.

over- prefix
too much; used with many verbs, nouns, or adjectives:
Don't let your baby overheat.
Jack was overconfident and didn't concentrate well enough.

over and above phrase
in addition to the amount that exists:
Diplomats receive a generous living allowance over and above their basic salaries.

overtime noun
extra hours that someone works at their job:
Ive been working a lot of overtime lately.

oyster bar noun
a small restaurant which serves oysters (= a type of shellfish that has a rough shell and is
eaten as food, often raw):
The oyster bar serves other types of shellfish too.

pack noun
a set of documents wrapped together:
On registration we will send you a membership pack.

package noun
a set of proposals or measures for dealing with something:
The committee discussed a financial aid package for students.

packaging noun
the boxes, bottles, plastic etc used for wrapping products so that they can be sold:
All this unnecessary packaging creates so much waste.

pain noun
be a pain (in the neck) phrase
to be very annoying:
Youre being a real pain!

panic verb
to have a sudden strong feeling of fear or worry and be unable to think clearly or calmly
or decide what to do:
We were told not to panic.

parasite noun
1 a lazy person who lives by getting money, food etc from other people:
When are you going to find yourself a job and stop being a parasite?
2 a plant or animal that lives in or on another type of animal and feeds on it:
Parasites like ticks can carry disease.

partner noun
someone who you live with and have a sexual relationship with:
Are partners invited to the office party?
Please state your partners name and occupation.

part-time adjective, adverb
for only part of the time that an activity is usually performed:
He has a part-time job at the supermarket.
She works part-time at the nursery.

party noun
1 a group of people who are going somewhere together, or who are all involved in the
same activity:
A party of tourists was involved in the road accident.
2 a person or group involved in something such as an agreement or disagreement,
especially a contract or legal case, with another person or group:
The planning team will announce details next week at a meeting for interested parties.

password noun
the numbers or letters that you have to put into a computer in order to be able to use the
system:
Your password should have a maximum of eight numbers or letters.

pathetic adjective
1 useless or not effective in an annoying way:
Thats the most pathetic excuse Ive ever heard.
2 if someone or something looks or sounds pathetic, you feel sympathy for them:
The child looked so small and pathetic.

patient adjective
someone who is patient is able to wait for a long time or deal with a difficult situation
without becoming angry or upset:
Its difficult to be patient when youre stuck in a traffic jam.

patrol noun
a group of people or vehicles that move around a place in order to prevent trouble or
crime:
He was arrested for shooting at an army patrol.

pay verb
pay off phrasal verb
if something that you do pays off, it brings you some benefit:
All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.
pay out phrasal verb
to spend or pay money, especially a lot of money
Weve paid out thousands of pounds in health insurance over the years.
Itll be a few years before our investments start paying out.

peace noun
leave someone in peace phrase
stay away from someone:
You should leave the poor man in peace.

peaceful adjective
calm and quiet:
The hotel is set in peaceful surroundings.

peel verb
to remove the skin from a fruit or vegetable:
First peel the potatoes and cut them in half.

penniless adjective
someone who is penniless has no money:
Her parents arrived in the country as penniless immigrants.

pension noun
money that someone regularly receives after they have stopped working because of their
age, paid either by their company or by the government:
He started drawing his pension last year.
Its important to make regular pension contributions.

percentage noun
1 an amount or rate that is equal to a particular part of a total that you have divided by
100:
Calculate what percentage of your income you spend on food.
2 a part of a larger number or amount that is not calculated exactly; can be followed by a
singular or plural verb:
A large percentage of the population will believe anything.

perfectionist noun
someone who always wants things to be done perfectly:
Nicola is such a perfectionist that she often redoes things that other people consider to be
finished.

performance noun
the way that a person or group of people performs a piece of music or other entertainment:
She gave the greatest performance of her career.

permanent adjective
happening or existing for a long time or for all time in the future:
Theyve offered me a room until I can find something more permanent.

personnel noun
the people who work for a company or organisation:
All personnel will receive safety training.

persuasive adjective
good at making people agree to do or believe what you want them to:
Karl presented a persuasive case for being allowed to stay.

phew interjection
used for showing that you feel hot, tired, or no longer worried about something:
Phew, thats a relief!

pick someone/something up (from somewhere) phrasal verb
to go and meet someone or something that you have arranged to take somewhere in a
vehicle:
Ill pick up my luggage in the morning.
Will you pick me up from the party?

pill noun
a small piece of solid medicine that you swallow with water:
I forgot to pack my sleeping pills.

pilot noun
someone who flies an aircraft:
Hes training to be an airline pilot.

pipe noun
an object used for smoking tobacco, consisting of a tube with a small bowl at the end:
He filled his pipe with tobacco and lit it.

piper noun
a musician who plays a musical pipe or the bagpipes:
A piper played at their wedding.

place noun
lose your place phrase
forget what you were saying or what point you had reached when reading:
I lost my place when he interrupted me.
take place phrase
to happen:
The presentations will take place immediately after the race.

podcast noun
a multimedia file, such as a radio programme or music video, that can be downloaded
from the Internet and played on an ipod or similar piece of equipment.
I didn't miss the programme because I downloaded the podcast.

point noun
1 an idea or opinion among a number of others:
I think Max has a point.
Clare failed to get her point across.
Alex made a good point about the timing.
2 a unit which is added to your driving licence to show that you have comitted a driving
offence:
Robert got a 100 fine and three points on his licence for speeding.
3 up to a point phrase
to some degree but not completely:
Self-expression is good up to a point but you cant just let these kids run wild.
point something out phrasal verb
to tell someone something:
Thank you for pointing that out.
He pointed out that we had two hours of free time before dinner.

polish verb
to rub the surface of something in order to make it shine:
They spend most of their time polishing shoes.

pollute verb
to make air, water, or land too dirty and dangerous for people to use in a safe way:
The villagers drank from wells polluted with toxic chemicals.

pollution noun
chemicals and other substances that have a harmful effect on air, water, or land:
The new agency is responsible for controlling air pollution.

position noun
a general situation:
The position is that all new residents are assessed by a social worker.
be in a position to do something:
Im not in a position to say who my sources are.

poverty noun
a situation in which someone does not have enough money to pay for their basic needs:
There are many areas where the problems of poverty and unemployment still persist.

precious adjective
rare or very necessary and not to be wasted
Were wasting precious time sitting around here!
prediction noun
a statement about what you think will happen in the future, or the process of making such
a statement:
The government maintained its prediction that inflation will hold to 8.5% this year.

prefer verb
to like or want someone or something more than someone or something else:
Which do you prefer, the red or the blue one?
My preferred university is Edinburgh.

preliminary adjective
coming before the main or most important part of something:
A preliminary hearing for the trial will take place next week.

premises noun
the buildings and land that a business or organisation uses:
The charity is hoping to move to new premises next year.

premium noun
an amount of money that you pay regularly for an insurance policy:
Insurance premiums will increase again next year.

presentation noun
a formal talk in which you describe or explain something to a group of people:
Im going to ask you each to make a very short presentation.

pressure noun
1 attempts to persuade, threaten, or force someone to do something:
There is now greater pressure on the White House to take action.
2 a worried feeling that you get when you have to deal with a difficult or complicated
situation:
With greatly increased workloads, everyone is under pressure now.

principle noun
a basic rule or belief about what is right and morally good, that influences the way that
you behave and the way that you treat other people:
He seems to have absolutely no principles.
against someones principles phrase
It was against their principles to join the armed forces.

prior adjective
happening, existing, or done before a particular time:
Illegally parked cars may be removed at any time without prior notice.

production noun
the process of making or growing things in large quantities, especially in a factory or on a
farm, so that they can be sold:
Their latest car has just gone into production for the Japanese market.

profit noun
money that you make by selling something or from your business, especially the money
that remains after you have paid all your business costs:
Investors have made a 14% profit in just 3 months.
All the profits from the sales of the CD will go to the Multiple Sclerosis Society.

profitable adjective
making a profit:
Some of their new electronic products are highly profitable.

programmer noun
someone whose job is to create computer programs:
The results of the software trial have been sent to the programmers.

prohibit verb
to prevent something from happening or being done:
The cost of safety glass often prohibits its use in private buildings.

prohibitively adverb
if something is prohibitively expensive, you cannot afford to pay for it:
Insurance for dangerous sports can be prohibitively expensive.

projector noun
1 a piece of equipment used for showing films or slides on a screen:
The projector broke down in the middle of the film.
2 an overhead projector: a piece of equipment that uses a light to make the words or
pictures on a transparent plastic sheet appear large on a screen:
Kelly used a projector to show graphs of the sales figures.

prominent adjective
easy to see or notice:
Place these items in a prominent position in your window display.

promotion noun
1 a move to a higher level in a company, institution, or sport:
We try to fill our executive positions by promotion from within.
Their chances of promotion to the Premier League are pretty poor.
2 the process of attracting peoples attention to a product or event, for example by
advertising:
Many sporting organisations have imposed a ban on the promotion of tobacco products.

prompt noun
something that encourages someone to speak or continue speaking:
Questions from the audience can be helpful prompts for the speaker.

proposal noun
a plan or suggestion, especially a formal one that a group has to consider:
Proposals for a new constitution are under discussion.

proposition noun
an offer or suggestion, especially involving business or politics:
I have a business proposition to put to you.

prospect noun
1 something that you expect or know is going to happen in the future, or the thought of
this:
Her heart sank at the prospect of introducing him to her family.
2 prospects plural
chances of success, especially in a job or career:
Your employment prospects would be much better if you finished your degree.

prosperous adjective
rich and successful:
With economic expansion comes the promise of a more prosperous future.

provided that conjunction
only if a particular thing happens or is done:
You can go out to play provided that you finish your homework first.

provider noun
an organisation or company that makes a service available to the public:
We have signed on with a different Internet service provider.

psychologist noun
someone who studies how peoples minds work and how this affects their behaviour:
A team of educational psychologists has published a new dyslexia study.

punctual adjective
arriving or happening at the time agreed on:
Mrs Marsh liked her guests to be punctual.
We expect punctual payment of bills.

put verb
put in for something phrasal verb
to officially ask for something:
Weve put in for a grant to repair the building.
put something off phrasal verb
to delay doing something, especially because you do not want to do it:
I was trying to put off the moment when I would have to leave.
You cant put the decision off any longer.
put someone/something through (to someone) phrasal verb
if you put a person or call through, you connect someone to the person they want to speak
to on the telephone:
The switchboard operator refused to put the call through.
Can you put me through to the accounts department, please?

quad biking noun
riding on a quad bike (= a vehicle with four big tyres that you sit on and control like a
motorbike):
The weekend will include quad biking, canoeing and hill walking.

qualification noun
something such as a degree or a diploma that you get when you successfully finish a
course of study:
Simon left school with no qualifications.

questionable adjective
probably not good, honest, or worth admiring:
The committee's questionable practices are being investigated.
It is questionable whether teachers should be giving pupils this kind of information.

quote verb
to say or write words that someone else has said or written:
She claimed to be quoting from an official report.

R and D noun
research and development: the department in a large company that is responsible for
studying new ideas and developing new products:
R and D will be working on a solution to the problem.

range noun
a number of different things that are of the same general type:
Our training programme covers all ranges of ability.
We stock a wide range of office furniture.

rare adjective
rare meat has been cooked for only a short time and is red inside:
Id like my steak rare.

read on phrasal verb
continue reading:
If you want to learn how to grow mushrooms, read on ...
ready adjective
easily and quickly produced or available:
This type of account gives you ready access to your money.

rear noun
the part of a place or thing that is at the back:
The main entrance is at the rear.

reboot verb
if a computer or system reboots, or if someone reboots it, it starts again after it has been
turned off:
The system will reboot automatically.
You will need to reboot your computer once you have installed the virus checker.

receipt noun
a document that you get from someone showing that you have given them money or
goods:
He always paid by credit card and kept the receipts.
I want a receipt for all the items that were in this office.

reception noun
1 the part of a large building such as a hotel or office where there is someone whose job
is to welcome visitors, deal with questions etc:
Visitors must report to reception first.
If you need anything, please ask at the reception desk.
I'll meet you in reception.
2 a formal party to welcome someone or to celebrate something:
There will be a reception for the new president.

recharge verb
recharge your batteries phrase
to rest after being very busy, so that you will be ready to start working again:
She needs to take a break to recharge her batteries.

recognition noun
praise, respect, or admiration:
His work has never gained the international recognition it deserves.

recruit verb
to get someone to work in a company or join an organisation:
We wont be recruiting again until next year.

recyclable adjective
able to be recycled:
These bins are for recyclable waste.
reflect verb
to show the existence or nature of something:
He said that the statement did not reflect his own views.

reflexology noun
a type of massage in which a persons hands or feet are rubbed and pressed in order to
make other parts of their body more healthy or to help them to relax:
I am sleeping much better since starting the reflexology treatment.

reform noun
a change that is intended to correct a situation that is wrong or unfair, or make a system
work more effectively:
The new government has promised to introduce democratic reforms.

regain verb
to get something again that you lost, especially an ability or a mental state:
You should soon regain your appetite.
Kocek was unable to regain control of the car.

regard noun
with regard to phrase
concerning a particular subject:
There has been a change in the laws with regard to food safety.
regards phrase
used for ending a letter or email in a friendly but slightly formal way:
I look forward to hearing from you. Regards, Sally Evans.

register verb
to put your name and other information on an official list in order to be allowed to vote,
study, stay in a hotel etc:
Where do we go to register?
Have you registered for the English exam yet?
regret noun
a feeling of sadness about something that has happened:
It is with deep regret that we have to report the deaths of five soldiers.

relevant adjective
directly connected with and important to what is being discussed or considered:
Once we have all the relevant information, we can make a decision.

reliable adjective
a reliable person is someone who you can trust to behave well, work hard, or do what you
expect them to do:
Alice can look after the children. Shes very reliable.

relief noun
a relaxed happy feeling that you get because something bad has not happened or a bad
situation has ended:
Its a huge relief to know that everyone is safe.

rely on someone/something phrasal verb
to need something in order to continue living, existing, or operating:
Industries that rely heavily on government contracts will be most affected.

remedy noun
a cure for pain or a minor illness:
My mother mainly uses herbal remedies.

removal noun
the process of taking furniture from one property to another, especially when you move to
another house or office:
Theyll have to pay for my removal.
rendezvous noun
a restaurant, bar, or other place where a particular group of people frequently meets:
Luigi's is our favourite rendezvous for family celebrations.

rent verb
to pay money regularly to use a house, room, office etc that belongs to someone else:
How long have you been renting this place?
Were looking to buy rather than rent.

rep noun
a sales representative: someone whose job is to travel to different places and sell the
products or services of a particular company:
All our reps are entitled to a company car.

repetition noun
the act of repeating something:
Good writing avoids unnecessary repetition.

rephrase verb
to say or write the same thing using different words:
That sounds rather insulting; I think you should rephrase it.

replace verb
to get rid of someone or something, and to put a new person or thing in their place:
Well have to replace all the furniture that was damaged in the flood.

representative noun
1 someone who has been chosen or elected by a person or group to vote, give opinions,
or make decisions for them:
Delegates will meet with representatives from industry and the government.
David is the only representative of his family who could attend.
2 a sales representative: someone whose job is to travel to different places and sell the
products or services of a particular company:
One of our representatives will call to arrange a visit.

resolve verb
to solve a problem, or to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a disagreement:
A meeting has been called to resolve the dispute.

resource noun
something such as money, workers, or equipment that can be used to help an institution or
a business:
We are increasing resources for the health service.

respect noun
with respect phrase
used for showing that you are about to disagree with someone or criticise them in a polite
way:
With respect, I think youre missing the point.

respond verb
to reply, especially in writing:
Im telling you its not true, Martinez responded.
Thousands of readers responded to our questionnaire.

response noun
a reaction:
Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.
in response to something phrase
In response to complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedures.

restrictive adjective
limiting the meaning of another part of the sentence:
This exercise helps the student practice restrictive time clauses.

rethink verb
to consider something such as an idea, plan, or system again in order to change it:
Competitive pressures are forcing managers to rethink their strategies.

retire verb
to stop working, especially when you reach the age when you are officially too old to
work:
He retired from the army last month.

retirement noun
the time when you stop working, especially because you have reached the age when you
are officially too old to work, or the act of doing this:
I am now approaching retirement.
She said her retirement from politics was premature.

reunite verb
to bring together again parts of a country that were divided or groups in an organisation
that were opposed to each other, or to be brought together again:
Talks aimed at reuniting the island have been unsuccessful.
The two clubs reunited in time to prepare for the championship.

revolution noun
a situation in which people completely change their government or political system,
usually by force:
The family emigrated to England during the French Revolution.

rights noun
the legal authority to publish a book, play, film, piece of music etc or to use it for a
performance or production; the legal authority to use the name of a product:
I hear that she sold the film rights to her book for a substantial sum.
There has been a long legal battle about the rights of the name Apple.
risotto noun
a food made from rice mixed with meat, fish, or vegetables:
Kate served a delicious leek and cheese risotto.

roast verb
to cook meat or vegetables in an oven or over a fire:
Roast the lamb for an hour and a half.

roll verb
to fold something or wrap it around itself so that it forms a tube or a ball:
Take a piece of the mixture and roll it into a ball.
I always roll my clothes when I pack.

ruin verb
to destroy or severely damage something:
Youll completely ruin the flowers if you touch them.
Any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career.

run verb
running late phrase
doing things or arriving in places later than planned:
Im running a bit late this morning.
run out of something phrasal verb
to use all of something and not have any left:
Many hospitals are running out of money.
I'm afraid we've run out of time.
run through something phrasal verb
to explain or to read something quickly:
Ill just run through the names and make sure everyones here.
Do you want me to run through the details again with you?

satellite phone noun
a mobile telephone which works using a signal from a satellite (= an object that is sent
into space to travel round the Earth in order to receive and send information):
A satellite phone is ideal for travellers to remote parts of the world.
schedule verb
1 to plan for something to happen at a particular time:
Lets schedule another meeting in July.
2 a scheduled journey is one which happens at the same time each day or each week:
Over half of the scheduled flights have been cancelled because of the strike.

script noun
the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc:
That joke wasn't in the script.

seating noun
the way in which seats are arranged or who will sit in them, especially at a formal
occasion:
We need to work out seating arrangements.

segment noun
a part of a fruit such as an orange or a grapefruit that can easily be separated into parts:
Keep a few segments to use for decoration.

sell out phrasal verb
if a shop sells out of something, it sells all that it has so that there is no more available; if
goods sell out they are all bought so there are none left:
I went to get some bread, but the shop had sold out.
The tickets had sold out within a few short hours.

seminar noun
a meeting at which a group of people discuss a subject:
I attended a very useful seminar on marketing.

serious adjective
meaning what you say or do, and not making a joke:
Im sorry, I didnt realise you were being serious.

seriously adverb
take something seriously phrase
to think that someone/something is important and should be given careful attention:
Jonathan takes his gardening very seriously.
Dont take everything he says so seriously.

service station noun
a place beside a motorway where petrol, food, drinks, and toilets are available:
The coach will stop at the next service station for half an hour.

set something up phrasal verb
to start something such as a business, organisation, or institution:
The group plans to set up an import business.

shake verb
to make lots of quick small movements up and down, or side to side:
Houses shook as a bomb exploded in the neighbourhood.
shake something up phrasal verb
to make changes in the way that a company is organised so that it is more effective or
successful:
A new managing director was brought in to shake up the company.

shame noun
a reason for feeling sad or disappointed:
It seems a shame to waste all this food.
Can't you come with us? (That's a) shame!

share1 noun
a part of a total number or amount of something that is divided between several people or
things:
Britains share of world trade had steadily declined.

share2 verb
to do something or to be responsible for something with someone else:
We share responsibility for meeting the targets.
Will you share lifts into work with me?

shareholder noun
someone who owns shares in a company:
The CEO was forced to resign at the shareholders' meeting.

shooting noun
any sport or activity in which guns are used:
Charlie won the target shooting competition.

short noun
in short phrase
used for introducing a summary of something that you have just said:
Inflation is down, spending is up. In short, the economy is in good shape.

sign verb
to write your full name on a document to show that you agree with what is written in it:
Please sign and date the form.
The contract must be signed before we can proceed with the work.
sign up phrasal verb
to agree to do something, or to join a course or organisation:
I've just signed up with a new service provider.
Shes decided to sign up for evening classes.

signal noun
pictures, sound, or other information sent by one piece of electronic equipment and
received by another one:
The copper wire carries the electrical signals.
significantly adverb
by a large amount, or in a way that is easily noticeable:
As an organisation, weve grown significantly.
The school is significantly smaller than it was ten years ago.

silence noun
a complete lack of communication with someone by letter, telephone, or other means:
A letter finally arrived from Lee, ending his long silence.

sincerely adverb
Yours sincerely phrase
used before your name as a way of ending a formal letter:
Yours sincerely, Robert Sanderson

situated adjective
in a particular place:
This modern three star hotel is situated close to the city centre.

slash verb
to reduce something by a large amount:
The company has slashed production by 50%.

slide noun
a small piece of film in a frame, that you shine light through in order to show the image on
a screen:
They showed us slides of their visit to Iceland.

small talk noun
informal conversation about things that are not important:
We sat and made small talk until the others arrived.
smoothly adverb
without difficulty, problems, or delays:
My trip to Japan went very smoothly.

snail mail noun
letters that are sent by post; this expression is used mainly by people writing emails:
I'll e-mail you a copy, because the certificate I sent by snail mail could take three days to
arrive.

soften verb
to become softer, or to make something softer:
Simmer gently until the apple has softened.

soil noun
the substance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow:
The dry rocky soil is suitable for planting vines.

solo adverb
alone:
Travelling solo has a number of advantages.

solve verb
to find a solution to something that is causing difficulties:
We can help you solve your financial problems.

spacious adjective
a spacious room, building etc has a lot of space inside it:
This car is much more spacious than your old one.

spam noun
e-mails that are sent to large numbers of people on the Internet, especially when these are
not wanted:
This software helps you to reject spam without having to open it.

speak up phrasal verb
to talk louder:
You have to speak up. The people in the back cant hear you.

special noun
something produced for a particular time or day, for example a type of food in a restaurant
or a programme on television:
Our fish special tonight is salmon in a lemon and cream sauce.
There was a TV special on the Olympics.

specialise in phrasal verb
to concentrate your attention and effort on a particular activity, product etc:
Our travel company specialises in European tours

specialist adjective
relating to learning or knowledge in a particular part of a subject or profession:
All our diving instructors have received specialist training.

speciality noun
a food or drink that a person, a restaurant, or a region is well known for and that you
cannot always get in other places:
The menu changes daily, though the speciality is seafood.

specific adjective
exact and detailed:
For specific instructions, please refer to the guide.
specifically adverb
1 for one particular thing or type of thing:
They bought the land specifically for the purpose of building a hotel.
2 in an exact and detailed way:
Answer as specifically as possible.

spice something up phrasal verb
to add spices to food in order to give it a stronger taste:
If you want to spice the casserole up a little, add some chopped chillies with the onion.

spoilsport noun
someone who spoils someone elses plans or enjoyment:
You're such a spoilsport. It was perfectly safe!

sponsor1 verb
to pay for or give money to an event, a television or radio programme, a website etc as a
way to advertise your products or services:
Nissan sponsors the championships as part of its community relations work.

sponsor2 noun
a person or business that pays money to support an event, a television or radio
programme, a website etc as a way to advertise their products or services:
Three of the principal sponsors have decided not to support the Games.

sponsorship noun
money given to an organisation to help to pay for something, often an event:
The gallery is seeking corporate sponsorship for a major exhibition.

spontaneous adjective
happening in a natural way without being planned or thought about:
Sarah made a spontaneous decision to go to Dublin for the weekend.
sports car noun
a small fast car, often with a roof that you can take off:
A red sports car overtook us on a corner.

stake noun
the part of a business that you own because you have invested money in it:
They took a 40% stake in the company last year.

stale adjective
stale food such as bread is old and no longer fresh:
Wrap the bread up well or itll go stale.

stand verb
stand back phrasal verb
to not let yourself be influenced by your feelings about a situation so that you can think
about it more clearly:
I forced myself to stand back and assess the situation.
stand in (for someone) phrasal verb
to do someone elses job temporarily while they are not available to do it:
Lorraine was ready to stand in if Helen got sick.
I'll be standing in for Peter while hes away.
stand up for someone/something phrasal verb
to defend someone or something that is being criticised or attacked:
I learned how to stand up for myself early on in life.
Youve got to stand up for what you believe in.

statement noun
an official document that lists the amounts of money that have been put in or taken out of
a bank account:
I receive a bank statement every month.

state-of-the-art adjective
state-of-the-art equipment or technology uses the newest and most advanced ideas and
features:
I've just bought a state-of-the-art digital camera.

statistics noun
a group of numbers that represent facts or that describe a situation:
Official statistics underestimate the actual level of crime.

statute noun
a written rule made by an organisation or institution:
Under the statutes of the University, they had no right to dismiss him.

stock noun
the goods that are available to buy in a shop:
Were having some new stock delivered this afternoon.
in stock phrase
Do you have any of these batteries in stock at the moment?

stock market, the noun
the value of the shares being sold in a stock exchange (= a place where people buy and
sell shares in companies):
The Italian stock market fell sharply.

strategy noun
the skill of planning how to achieve something, especially in war or business:
He is an expert in military strategy.
We have developed effective training strategies.

stress noun
a worried or nervous feeling that stops you relaxing, caused, for example, by pressure at
work or financial or personal problems:
Carols been under a lot of stress lately.
stressful adjective
involving or causing a lot of pressure or worry:
My new job is much less stressful.

strike noun
a period of time during which people refuse to work, as a protest about pay or conditions
of work:
Workers have been out on strike since Friday.

stuck adjective
caught or held in a position so that you cannot move:
She tried to crawl through the window, but she got stuck.

stuffy adjective
a stuffy room is too warm and has an unpleasant smell because there is no fresh air in it:
It was very stuffy on the train because the air conditioning had broken down.

stunt noun
something dangerous, for example jumping from a building, that is done to entertain
people, often as part of a film:
After racing professionally, he did some stunt driving for films.

stylish adjective
attractive, or well arranged:
They live in a stylish apartment in New York.

submit verb
to formally give something to someone so that they can make a decision about it:
The plans will be submitted next week.

subtle adjective
not obvious, and therefore difficult to notice:
There was a subtle scent of lilacs in the garden.

sum noun
an amount of money:
He was fined a sum of 1,000.
We already spend large sums of money on advertising.

sum up phrasal verb
to give a summary of something:
Ill sum up briefly and then well take questions.
The judge will sum up the evidence tomorrow.
To sum up, we have no other option but to declare ourselves bankrupt.

supplement1 noun
a pill or special food that you take or eat when your food does not contain everything that
you need:
These vitamin supplements are recommended for pregnant women.
supplement2 verb
to add extra money to the amount that you normally earn:
He was able to supplement his income by writing stories.

supposing verb
used for introducing a possible situation or action and the results of it:
Supposing you won the lottery, what would you do with the money?

surfboard noun
a long narrow board that you stand or lie on to ride waves:
Sharks sometimes mistake people on surfboards for seals.

surfing noun
1 a sport in which people ride over waves on surfboards:
Cornwall is popular for surfing.
2 the activity of looking at various places one after another on the Internet or on
television to find something interesting:
Surfing can be a useful research tool but you can't believe everything you read on the
Internet.

survey noun
a set of questions that you ask a large number of people or organisations:
This survey shows the percentage of single-parent households in each area.

survive verb
to manage to deal with something difficult or unpleasant:
I dont know how I ever survived school.
Dont worry about Molly shell survive.

suspect verb
to believe that something is true, often something bad:
Teachers should call social services if they suspect child abuse.
As I suspected, the flight has been delayed.

sweat1 noun
liquid that forms on your skin when you are hot:
She wiped the sweat off her forehead with a towel.

sweat2 verb
to produce liquid on the surface of your skin when you are hot, nervous, or ill:
She could feel the palms of her hands sweating.

tai chi noun
a Chinese activity that involves doing very slow physical exercises to make your mind
relax and improve your bodys balance:
A group of us practise t'ai chi in the park at lunchtime.

tablet noun
a small hard round piece of medicine that you swallow:
Take two tablets a day, with food.

take verb
take off phrasal verb
to become successful or popular very fast:
Her business has really taken off.
take on phrasal verb
to start to employ someone:
Were not taking on any new staff at the moment.
take over phrasal verb
to take control of something:
IBM is taking over the smaller company.

takeover noun
a situation in which one company takes control of another company by buying a majority
of its shares:
Shareholders have accepted a takeover bid.
The business is vulnerable to a hostile takeover.

talking point noun
something interesting that people are likely to want to discuss:
The fight in the company car park was a talking point for a couple of days.

tall adjective
a tall order phrase
something very difficult that someone expects you to do:
To score four goals in one game is a tall order, even for him.

target noun
something that you try to achieve:
They are setting a target of 2,000 new members.
June is the target date for completion.

team player noun
someone who works well with other people as part of a group:
Alison is very good at her job but Mark is the better team player.

technician noun
someone with technical training whose job involves using special equipment or machines:
My appointment was postponed because the dental technician was off sick.

technological adjective
relating to or involving technology:
Technological advances have lowered production costs.

technology noun
1 advanced scientific knowledge used for practical purposes, especially in industry:
His book traces the development of new technologies and new branches of science in the
last twenty years.
2 advanced machines and equipment developed using technology:
The government plans to install this technology in all hospitals within the next two years.

teleworking noun
the activity of working at home on a computer and communicating with an office or
customers by telephone, fax, or email:
Teleworking sometimes makes me feel isolated but I don't miss commuting!

tell verb
tell you what phrase
used when you are going to make a suggestion, proposal, or offer:
Tell you what lets have the party here.
tempting adjective
used for describing something that makes you feel you would like to have it or to do it:
There are still lots of tempting offers on nearly new cars.

tender adjective
tender food is soft and easy to cut and eat:
Cook for an hour or until the meat is tender.

terminal noun
a large building at an airport where passengers arrive and leave:
An airport bus service runs between the three terminals.

therapy noun
a form of treatment for an illness or medical condition:
Massage is one of the oldest therapies.

thick adjective
a thick forest, bush, area of grass etc has many trees, leaves, or plants growing very close
together:
There is a thick row of trees between the road and the sea.

Third World, the noun
countries that are poor and do not have much industrial development. People now prefer
to use the expression developing countries:
The term the Third World developed during the Cold War.

threat noun
the possibility that something bad is going to happen:
Constant threat of attack makes everyday life dangerous here.
thrilling adjective
extremely exciting:
The parachute jump was a thrilling and unforgettable experience.

ticket noun
an official piece of paper that shows a driver that they must pay money for committing a
traffic offence:
That's the second parking ticket I've been given this month.

tidy adjective
a tidy amount of money is a large amount:
The sale of the company brought in a tidy sum.

tight adjective
if your chest or another part of your body feels tight, it feels as if it is being squeezed:
His throat was too tight to allow the words to escape.

time noun
make (the) time (for someone/something) phrase
to make some of your time available for a particular purpose:
Ill try and make time to deal with it next week.
run out of time phrase
to not have any time left:
I'm afraid we've run out of time so I'll have to stop you.
take (some) time out phrase
to have a break:
I'm going to take time out and go for some fresh air.

timetable verb
to plan when something will happen:
Stella is in charge of timetabling all the concerts in the music festival.

tip noun
a useful suggestion:
The booklet gives some good tips on getting the most out of your software.

tone noun
1 the general character of a place or event:
The positive tone of the evening had changed completely.
set the tone (for something) phrase:
The opening remarks set the tone for the rest of the interview.
2 a sound made by a piece of equipment as a signal or warning:
I picked up the phone and just got a beeping tone.
The answering machine said to leave a message after the tone.

tool noun
something that you use in order to perform a job or to achieve an aim:
These sales forecasts are an extremely useful tool for management.

touch noun
be in touch (with someone) phrase
to see, speak to, or write to someone:
Ill be in touch next week about our trip to Paris.
Are you still in touch with any friends from university?

tough adjective
difficult:
It was a tough decision to move to London.

town hall noun
a building that has all the offices of a towns local government:
You can get a licence at the town hall.

track noun
keep track (of something) phrase
to have all the information that you need about something:
Who's winning? I don't know, it's hard to keep track.
We need a system to keep track of all our expenses.

trade fair noun
an event at which companies show their new products:
They were giving out free samples at the trade fair.

trademark noun
a name or design belonging to a particular company, used on its products:
The Nike logo is a familiar trademark.

tradition noun
an activity that happens regularly and has become the usual thing:
My extended family has a tradition of having reunions every summer.

tragic adjective
causing or involving great sadness, because someone suffers or dies:
The couple never got over the tragic death of their son.

transfer noun
the process of moving, or of moving someone, from one job, department, or office to
another in the same organisation:
Were currently dealing with the paperwork for your transfer.

translate verb
to change spoken or written words into another language:
I dont speak Russian, so someone will have to translate.
The Bible has been translated into more than 100 languages.

tri-band adjective
a tri-band phone is a mobile phone that supports three bands of frequency (= the rate at
which a sound wave, light wave, or radio wave moves up and down):
A tri-band phone is invaluable for someone who travels all over the world.

trouble noun
a situation for which you are likely to be blamed, criticised, or punished:
I hear shes in trouble with the police again.
be in (big) trouble phrase
If he hears about this, youll be in big trouble.

trucking noun
the job or business of carrying goods or animals in trucks:
The trucking company is coming to pick up the order at 10 a.m.

trust verb
I trust (that) phrase
used for saying that you hope and expect that something is true
I trust that youve already completed the paperwork, Mrs Williams.

tube noun
a cathode ray tube: a piece of equipment in old-fashioned televisions and some computers
that creates the image on the screen:
LCD has largely taken over from tube technology in televisions.

tune in phrasal verb
to listen to or watch a particular broadcast on the radio or television:
Millions of people tuned in to watch the election results.

tunnel noun
an underground passage through which vehicles travel:
The train broke down in a tunnel.
turbulence noun
sudden violent movements of air or water:
The pilot warned passengers that the plane was about to fly through turbulence.

tycoon noun
a rich and powerful person who is involved in business or industry:
Rival media tycoons fought to take over the radio network.

type in phrasal verb
to type information on a keyboard so that it is recorded by a computer and appears on its
screen:
Type in the name of the program; then press Return.

typically adverb
with the typical qualities or features of a particular group of people:
They have a typically English lifestyle.

ultra- prefix
extremely; used with many adjectives:
They've just had an ultra-modern kitchen fitted.

unanimous adjective
a unanimous decision, vote, agreement etc is one that everyone agrees with and supports:
The board made a unanimous decision to reject the recommendations.

unbeatable adjective
better than anything else of the same type:
The centre offers exceptional quality at an unbeatable price.

unconvinced adjective
thinking that something may not be true or right:
Hell be here soon, said Beth, sounding unconvinced.

understandable adjective
clear and easy to understand:
The system must be understandable even to first-time users.

understatement noun
a statement that makes something seem less important, serious, big etc than it really is:
To say that Jordan is a good player is an understatement.

union noun
an organisation that represents the workers in a particular industry and tries to improve
pay, conditions etc:
We encourage all employees to join a union.

unique adjective
very special, unusual, or good:
You will be given the unique opportunity to study with one of Europes top chefs.

unless conjunction
used for saying that if something does not happen, something else will happen or be true
as a result:
I cant help you unless you tell me whats wrong.
Unless you come now, Im going to leave without you.

unreliable adjective
someone who is unreliable will not do what you ask them to do, or will not do it well:
Dont ask Jan shes too unreliable.

unrivalled adjective
used for emphasizing that something is much better or more important than other similar
things:
Their reputation is unrivalled for quality anywhere in the UK.

unsatisfied adjective
not happy with what you have or receive, or with something that happens:
Im very unsatisfied with the work they did on our house.

up adverb
be up to something phrase
to be doing something, often something wrong or secret:
What are you up to at the weekend?
When hes quiet like this, I know hes up to something.
I wondered what my daughter was really up to.

update verb
to add the most recent information to something such as a book, document, or list:
The latest edition has been completely updated.
The database updates automatically when new information is entered.

upgrade verb
to make a computer or other machine more powerful or effective:
The system has been upgraded to meet customers needs.
Existing users can upgrade from the previous version free of charge.

vague adjective
someone who is vague does not clearly or fully explain something:
He was always vague when I asked about deadlines.

value noun
the amount that something is worth compared to the money that it costs:
Thanks to the strength of the pound, these wines offer tremendous value just now.
Most customers are looking for value for (their) money rather than cutting-edge fashion.

vegetarian noun
someone who chooses not to eat meat or fish:
I've also made a mushroom risotto in case any vegetarians come.

venue noun
the place where an activity or event happens:
The castle is a popular venue for wedding receptions.

vet noun
a veterinary surgeon: a doctor for animals:
The vet examined the horse's foot.

viable adjective
able to be done, or worth doing:
The present system is simply no longer viable.

vice noun
crimes relating to sex, for example prostitution and pornography:
His computers were removed for examination by the vice department.

virus noun
a program that enters your computer and damages or destroys information that you have
stored:
Most viruses are spread over the Internet.

voice coach noun
someone who teaches you to speak more clearly or improve your accent:
Many actors employ voice coaches to prepare them for a particular role.
voice mail noun
an electronic system that records and stores spoken messages from people:
Does your mobile phone have a voice mail service?

vote1 noun
an occasion when people formally choose between two or more issues, people etc in an
election:
The result of the vote will be announced tomorrow.
put something to the vote phrase
give people the chance to vote on something:
Our boss decided to put the issue to the vote.

vote2 verb
to formally express an opinion by choosing between two or more issues, people etc:
The Council will vote on the proposal next Friday.
Im going to vote for Jackson.

warn verb
to make someone conscious of a possible problem or danger so that they will not be hurt:
Police are warning all women in the area to take extra care when going out alone.
Scientists warned of the threat to beaches and rivers from pollution.

warning noun
an action or statement telling someone of a possible problem or danger:
By law, cigarette packets must carry a health warning.
Suddenly, without warning, Mitch turned and hit Jacob in the face.

way noun
by the way phrase
used for introducing a new or extra fact or comment into a conversation:
By the way, Ill be late home tonight.

WC noun
a toilet
All rooms have a WC and shower.

wealth noun
a large amount of money and other valuable things:
They used some of their wealth to build magnificent town halls.

wealthy adjective
a wealthy person, organisation, or country is one that has a large amount of money, land,
and other valuable things:
Many wealthy businessmen contribute to political parties.

well adjective
be all very well phrase
used for saying that you do not really approve of something or that it is not enough:
It is all very well to apologise for losing 2 million, but that doesnt make everything all
right.

well-done adjective
well-done meat is meat that has been completely cooked:
Two steaks, please. One medium-rare and one well-done.

wetsuit noun
a suit made of rubber that people wear for water sports such as diving and surfing:
You can hire a wetsuit at the windsurfing centre.

willing adjective
if you are willing to do something, you do it when someone asks you, sometimes when
you do not want to:
I wasnt willing to accept every item on the list.
wireless adjective
wireless technology, systems, or equipment such as mobile phones does not use wires, but
communicates using electronic signals:
This computer is connected to the Internet using a wireless modem.

wish noun
1 a feeling that you want something or want to do something:
Hed expressed a wish to go there.
I have to respect the wishes of my client.
2 (with) best wishes phrase
a friendly and polite way of ending a letter or email:
Thanks for your help. Best wishes, Mel.

with preposition
be with someone phrase
to understand what someone is telling you:
Are you with me? No, could you explain that bit again?

work experience noun
a period of time that someone, especially a young person, spends working somewhere in
order to get experience of a particular type of job:
I'm going to do my work experience at the engineering company where my uncle works.

workplace noun
used in general for referring to places where people work:
Cases of discrimination in the workplace are sometimes taken to the European Court of
Justice.

workshop noun
an occasion when a group of people meet to learn about a particular subject, especially by
taking part in discussions or activities:
Helen is attending a creative writing workshop on Friday.
worthwhile adjective
if something is worthwhile, it is worth the time, money, or effort that you spend on it:
I wanted to do my bit for a worthwhile charity.
We felt the meeting had been very worthwhile.

yoga noun
an activity that involves doing physical and breathing exercises to make you stronger and
make your mind and body relax:
I'm much fitter now that I go to yoga twice a week.

youngster noun
a child, or a young person:
Four of the youngsters stayed to help us clear up.
yuck interjection
used for saying that you think someone or something is dirty, ugly, or unpleasant:
Oh, yuck! Its slimy!

yup interjection
yes:
Have you tidied your room? Yup, I did it this morning.


CD ROM Glossary

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

CD ROM Glossary

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

ability noun

the level of skill that someone has in a particular job or activity:

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition adapted from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary

Definition from the Macmillan English Dictionary