Strength of Materials

Geometric Properties of a
Session
Shapes Cross Section
03 Lecture note :
Pramudiyanto, M.Eng.

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Introduction
The strength of a component of a structure is
dependent on the geometrical properties of its
cross section in addition to its material and other
properties.
For example, a beam with a large cross section
will, in general, be able to resist a bending
moment more readily than a beam with a
smaller cross-section.

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Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Sample shape

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Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Centroid
The position of the
centroid of a cross-
section is the centre of
the moment of area of the
cross section.
If the cross-section is
constructed from a
homogeneous material,
its centroid will lie at the
same position as its
centre of gravity.

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 First moment of Area
Consider an area A
located in the xy plane.
Denoting by x and y the
coordinates of an element
of area d.A, we define the
first moment of the area A
with respect to the x axis
as the integral
S=
x y dA
Similarly, the first moment
A

of the area A with respect

to the y axis is defined as
the integral
S=
y x dA
A

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 First moment of Area
It can be conclude that if
x and y passes through
the centroid of the area of
x dA =
A
Ax S y = Ax
A, then the first moment
of the area of Sx and Sy y dA = Ay S x = Ay
will be zero. A

Sy
x=
A
Sx
y=
A
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Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Second moment of Area
From the theorem of
2 + 2 = 2
Phytagoras :
2 + 2 = 2

+ =
known as the perpendicular
axes theorem which states
that the sum of the second
moments of area of two
mutually perpendicular axes
of a lamina is equal to the
polar second moment of
area about a point where
these two axes cross.

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Parallel axes theorem

known as the parallel axes

theorem, which states that the
second moment of area about
the X-X axis is equal to the
second moment of area about
the x-x axis + h2 x A, where x-x
and X-X are parallel.

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Problem 03.1
Determine the second moment of area of the rectangular
section about its centroid (x-x) axis and its base (X-X )
axis. Hence or otherwise, verify the parallel axes
theorem.

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Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Solution

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Problem 03.2
Determine the second moment of area about x-
x, of the circular cross-section. Using the
perpendicular axes theorem, determine the polar
second moment of area, namely J

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
 Solution

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department
Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department
Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta
Thats for now
THANK YOU

The Civil and Planning Engineering Education Department

Faculty of Engineering, State University of Yogyakarta