Control Volume Approach

and
Continuity Equation
Continuity Equation

Conservation of Mass: The fluid mass is conserved, it is neither created nor

destroyed.
Using RTT, with B=M & b=1:

d

dt cv
dV V .dA 0
cs

Area vector is directed

Rate of mass stored in
outward of surface area.
the CV
Continuity Equation (cont.)

I - Uniform velocity distribution:

II - Zero mass accumulation in CV

For nonuniform velocity distribution:

For uniform velocity distribution:

III -Steady Flow in a Conduit
VA= 0
-1 V1 A1 + 2 V2 A2 = 0
1 V1 A1 = 2 V2 A2

For constant density: Sign convention

V1 A1 = V2 A2
Continuity at a Point (Differential Form of Continuity Equation)

If the flow is steady

and if, in addition, the fluid is incompressible:

u v w
0
x y z
Example:

Water, with an average velocity of 3 m/s, flows steadily past a porous flat
plate. Constant suction, with an average velocity of 0.2 mm/s, is applied
along the porous section. The porous section has a width of 1.5m. The
velocity profile at section cd is:
1.5
u y y
3 -2
U
Evaluate the mass flow rate across section bc.
Cavitation

figure_05_11
Cavitation

figure_05_12
Cavitation