%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4HE #$-! -OBILE 3YSTEM !RCHITECTURE

3UNGMOON 3HIN (UN ,EE AND +I #HUL (AN

#/.4%.43 !"342!#4
4HE ARCHITECTURE OF THE #$-! MOBILE SYS
) ).42/$5#4)/. TEM #-3 IS DEVELOPED BASED ON THREE FUNC
)) #$-! -/"),% &5.#4)/.3 TION GROUPS SERVICE RESOURCE SERVICE CONTROL
AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT GROUPS )N THIS PA
))) 3%26)#% 2%3/52#% &5.#4)/. PER THE #-3 ARCHITECTURE IS DISCUSSED FROM
THE POINT OF VIEW OF IMPLEMENTING THESE FUNC
)6 3%26)#% #/.42/, !.$ TIONS 4HE VARIABLE LENGTH PACKETS ARE USED FOR
TRANSMISSION 4HE SYNCHRONIZATION CLOCK SIG
-!.!'%-%.4 &5.#4)/. NALS ARE DERIVED FROM THE '03 RECEIVER 4HE
OPEN LOOP AND CLOSED LOOP TECHNIQUES ARE USED
6 #-3 $%3)'.
FOR THE POWER CONTROL 4HE INTERNATIONALLY
6) !2%!3 /& &5452% 2%3%!2#( ACCEPTED SIGNALING AND NETWORK PROTOCOLS ARE
EMPLOYED 4HE CALL CONTROL FOR THE PRIMARY
6)) #/.#,53)/. SERVICES IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EbCIENT MO
BILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES 4HE SOFTER
2%&%2%.#%3 HANDO_ IS IMPLEMENTED IN ONE CARD 4HE MO
BILE ASSISTED HANDO_ AND THE NETWORK ASSISTED
HANDO_ ARE EMPLOYED IN THE SOFT AND HARD
HANDO_S 4HE AUTHENTICATION IS BASED ON THE
SECRET DATA WHICH INCLUDES RANDOM NUMBERS
4HE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS WHICH INCLUDE THE
LOCATION MANAGEMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT AND /!- MAN
AGEMENT ARE IMPLEMENTED TO WARRANT THE SYS
TEM EbCIENCY MAXIMUM CAPACITY AND HIGH
RELIABILITY 4HE ARCHITECTURE ENSURES THAT THE
#-3 IS aEXIBLE AND EXPANDABLE TO PROVIDE SUB
SCRIBERS WITH ECONOMIC AND EbCIENT SYSTEM
CON`GURATION 4HE DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL
ADAPTIVE CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND DYNAMIC CELL
BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT ARE RECOMMENDED FOR
FUTURE WORK
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

) ).42/$5#4)/. AND BASE STATIONS MUST BE OPTIMALLY CON

TROLLED TO SECURE THE SYSTEM CAPACITY 4HE
4HE #$-! MOBILE SYSTEM #-3 AR
APPROPRIATE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND
CHITECTURE IS AN OUTGROWTH OF AN %42)S INTERFACES ARE REQUIRED TO WARRANT ECONOMIC
ACTIVITY TO DEVELOP A #$-! CELLULAR SYS
AND EbCIENT NETWORKING
TEM BETWEEN  AND  %42) AND 4HE #-3 ARCHITECTURE HAS TAKEN ABOVE
1UALCOMM JOINTLY ENGAGED IN THE DEVELOP
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS INTO ACCOUNT ;=
MENT AT EARLY STAGE 1UALCOMM PROVIDED
;= )T HAS ACHIEVED COST EbCIENCY WITH

RADIO WAVEFORM DESIGN AND SIGNAL PROCESS

OUT DEGRADING THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE !
ING TECHNIQUES (AVING THE TIME DIVISION
FAST PACKET SWITCHING NETWORK IS EMPLOYED
EXCHANGE 4$8 EXPERTISE %42) ASSUMED
TO FACILITATE HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSFER AMONG
THE RESPONSIBILITY TO DEVELOP THE #-3 IN

SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS 4HE PACKET TRANS

FRASTRUCTURE WHICH INCLUDES THE BASE STATION
MISSION WITH @STAGGERING IS ADOPTED TO PRE

"3  THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER AND LO

VENT THE TRUNK EbCIENCY DEGRADATION THAT IS
CATION REGISTERS 4HIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE
CAUSED BY THE VARIABLE LENGTH PACKET TRANS

%42)S E_ORT
MISSIONS %CHO CANCELER IS EQUIPPED TO RE

4HE #-3 USES PSEUDORANDOM NOISE
MOVE THE ECHO FROM THE VOICE 4HE INTER

0. CODES TO PROVIDE MULTIPLE COMMUNI

NATIONAL STANDARD OPEN NETWORK PROTOCOLS
CATION CHANNELS IN A DESIGNATED RADIO FRE

;= HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO PROVIDE COMPAT

QUENCY BAND )T USES PATH DIVERSITY AND
IBILITY WITH OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS OR NET

TIME DIVERSITY IN THE RADIO PATHS AND O_ERS
WORKS 4HE #-3 CAN SUPPORT A LARGE CAPAC

PRIVACY HIGH SERVICE QUALITY AND A LARGE
LINK CAPACITY )T PROVIDES BETTER HANDO_S ITY TO IMPROVE THE SERVICEpDECREASE THE CALL
THAN OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS SUCH AS 4$-! BLOCKING PROBABILITYpEVEN IN THE METROPOLI

SYSTEMS 4HE ABILITY TO SUPPORT A RELI
TAN AREA WHERE HEAVY TRAbC LOAD IS ANTICI

ABLE PERFORMANCE IN A SEVERE NOISY ENVIRON
PATED
MENT PROVIDES THE MEANS TO ALLEVIATE OVER
&OR THE CONVENIENCE OF SUBSEQUENT DIS

CROWDING IN THE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM CUSSIONS IN THIS PAPER WE DE`NE THE #-3
AS WELL AS TO ALLOW SUBSCRIBERS MORE aEXI
FUNCTIONS REQUIRED FOR #$-! MOBILE COM

BILITY IN CELLULAR SERVICES ;= ;= MUNICATIONS AS THE #$-! MOBILE FUNC

4HE #-3 ON THE OTHER HAND HAS OP
TIONS )N SECTION )) THE #$-! MOBILE
ERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS &OR EXAMPLE TIGHT FUNCTIONS ARE CATEGORIZED INTO THREE GROUPS
CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION IS INDISPENSABLE TO 4HE #-3 SERVICES ARE SUPPORTED BY THESE
THE #$-! SIGNAL ACQUISITION &AST PACKET
TRANSMISSION IS NEEDED FOR THE EbCIENT
TRANSMISSION OF THE VARIABLE LENGTH INFORMA
SIC FUNCTIONS NEEDED FOR THE #-3 OPERA
TION 4RANSMIT POWER FROM BOTH MOBILES
FUNCTIONS )N SECTION ))) THE SERVICE RE
SOURCE FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED 4HE BA
TION ARE INCLUDED IN THE SERVICE RESOURCE
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

 , 5
%   %  ' /% 
<7. %  % 
%   % 

 

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  %   % 
     
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&IG  'ROUP STRUCTURE OF #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS

GROUP )N SECTION )6 THE SERVICE CONTROL VICES AND SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES 4HE PRI

AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED MARY SERVICES CONSIST OF VOICE DATA AND
4HE MAJOR FUNCTIONS INCLUDING THE CALL CON
SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES !LL OR A PART OF
TROL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO INDIVIDUAL
MEASUREMENT ARE DISCUSSED 3ECTION 6 IS SUBSCRIBER 4HE SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES
CONCERNED WITH THE #-3 DESIGN 4HE #-3 WHICH INCLUDE CALL FORWARDING CONFERENCE
STRUCTURE AND CON`GURATION ARE PRESENTED
3ECTION 6) SUGGESTS THE FUTURE RESEARCH AR
DITIONAL SERVICES AND ARE PROVIDED AS OP
EAS AND SECTION 6)) CONCLUDES THIS PAPER
)) #$-! -/"),% &5.#4)/.3
4HE #-3 SERVICES CONSIST OF FUNDAMENTAL
CALL AND CALLING PARTY IDENTI`CATION ARE AD
TIONS TO THE SUBSCRIBER 4HE /!- SERVICES
MAKE SURE THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL SERVICES ARE
PROVIDED TO CUSTOMERS WITH HIGH QUALITY
4HESE #-3 SERVICES ARE PROVIDED UTILIZING
THE #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS
SERVICES AND OPERATION ADMINISTRATION AND 4HE #-3 ARCHITECTURE IS BASED ON THE
MAINTENANCE /!- SERVICES 4HE FUNDA
#$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS 4HESE CAN BEST
MENTAL SERVICES CONSIST OF THE PRIMARY SER
BE DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF THREE GROUPS AS
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

SHOWN IN &IG  4HE TOP IS SERVICE MAN GROUP  WHICH IS HARDWARE ORIENTED 4HE
AGEMENT GROUP GROUP   THE MIDDLE IS SER GROUP  IS THE ENGINE OF THE #-3 AND SUP
VICE CONTROL GROUP GROUP   AND THE BOT PORTS ALL UPPER GROUPS )T CONSISTS OF TRANS
TOM IS SERVICE RESOURCE GROUP GROUP   MISSION POWER CONTROL SYNCHRONIZATION AND
4HE GROUP  IS CONCERNED WITH THE MAN SIGNALING
AGEMENT FUNCTIONS RE QUIRED TO WARRANT THE
SYSTEM CAPACITY AND RELIABILITY 4HE OTHER
TWO GROUPS ARE CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONS ))) 3%26)#% 2%3/52#%
NEEDED TO PROVIDE THE #-3 FUNDAMENTAL &5.#4)/.
SERVICES 4HE HIGHER GROUP FUNCTIONS RECEIVE
SUPPORTS FROM THE LOWER GROUP FUNCTIONS AS  4RANSMISSION AND 3YNCHRONIZATION
WELL AS THE PEER FUNCTIONS &OR EXAMPLE 4RANSMISSION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
THE ACCOUNT ONE OF THE /!- MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SERVICE RESOURCE GROUP 4HE
FUNCTIONS IN GROUP  IS SUPPORTED BY SUCH TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL IS SHOWN IN
SERVICE CONTROL FUNCTIONS AS THE CALL CONTROL &IG  4HE RADIO TRANSMISSION IS CRITICAL
AND AUTHENTICATION IN GROUP  4HE CALL TO THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 4HE #$-! IS
CONTROL IN GROUP  IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE INTERFERENCE LIMITED )N ORDER TO MINIMIZE
SIGNALING AND PACKET TRANSMISSION IN GROUP THE INTERFERENCE IN THE RADIO LINK THE VARI
 4HE PACKET TRANSMISSION IS SUPPORTED BY ABLE LENGTH PACKET TRANSMISSIONS WITH THE
THE SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE SAME GROUP  DATA RATE OF i KBPS HAVE BEEN ADOPTED
4HE GROUP  CONSISTS OF /!- MANAGE 4HE MOBILE STATION TRANSMITS PACKETS EVERY
MENT AND #$-! PERFORMANCE FUNCTIONS  MS 4HESE PACKETS ARE COMBINED WITH
4HESE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SYSTEM OPER THE SIGNALING MESSAGE UTILIZING THE DIM
ATION AND THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 4HE AND BURST OR THE BLANK AND BURST METHOD
/!- MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS HAVE FOUR MA ;=
JOR FUNCTIONS PROGRAM DOWNLOAD CON`GU 4HE FAST PACKET ROUTERS ARE UTILIZED
RATION MANAGEMENT FAULT MANAGEMENT AND FOR TRANSMISSION IN THE "3 4HEY ENHANCE
ACCOUNT 4HE #$-! PERFORMANCE FUNC THE "3 INTEGRITY WITHOUT CAUSING EXCESSIVE
TIONS ARE CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT AND TRANSMISSION DELAY BETWEEN THE BASESTATION
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT 4HE GROUP  TRANSCEIVER SUBSYSTEM "43 AND THE BASES
CONSISTS OF `VE MAJOR FUNCTIONS CALL CON TATION CONTROLLER "3#  4HESE ALSO ENSURE
TROL HANDO_ AUTHENTICATION LOCATION MAN THE MAXIMUM "3 TRUNK EbCIENCY 4HE "3
AGEMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4HESE PACKETS ARE ($,# FORMATTED AND ARE TRANS
FUNCTIONS ARE USED IN PROVIDING DIRECT USER FERRED TO THE DESTINATION $URING THE SOFT
SERVICES 4HE GROUP  AND  ARE IMPLE HANDO_ TWO OR THREE "43S SEND PACKETS
MENTED MAINLY IN SOFTWARE IN CONTRAST TO TO ONE SELECTOR SIMULTANEOUSLY ! SELECTOR
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 




 
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&IG  #-3 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL

CHOOSES THE BEST PACKET AMONG THE RECEIVED TRANSMISSION 4HE "43 NEEDS THE ABSOLUTE
PACKETS WHICH BEAR THE SAME INFORMATION TIME TO ACQUIRE THE #$-! SIGNAL TRANSMIT

)N THE CASE OF VOICE SERVICES THE VARI
TED FROM THE -3 ;= $URING THE SOFT HAND

ABLE LENGTH PACKETS OF THE RADIO LINK ARE O_S THE PACKET ORDER MISMATCH CAN HAP

CONVERTED INTO 0#- AT THE VOCODER AND PEN AT A SELECTOR DUE TO THE QUEUEING DELAY
TRANSFERRED TO THE MOBILE EXCHANGE -8  OF THE "3 PACKET ROUTERS )N ORDER TO PRE

4HE -8 CANCELS ECHO CONTAINED IN THE VOICE
FROM 034. AND SENDS THE VOICE TO THE MO
BILE STATIONS -3S  )N THE CASE OF DATA
VENT THIS MISMATCH ALL THE "43S AND THE
"3# MUST BE SYNCHRONIZED 4HE CURRENT "3
MAINTAINS THE SYNCHRONIZATION BY DISTRIBUT
ING CLOCK SIGNALS DERIVED FROM THE GLOBAL PO
SERVICES THE PACKETS TRANSFERRED FROM -3S
SITIONING SYSTEM '03 RECEIVER EQUIPPED IN
ARE CONVERTED INTO  KBPS FORMATTED DATA
THE "43 AND THE "3# 4HE "3# AND THE
AT THE "3# AND TRANSFERRED TO THE INTER

-8 ARE SYNCHRONIZED BY UTILIZING THE BIT

WORKING FUNCTION )7& VIA THE -8 !T
AND
FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION OF % TRANSMIS

THE )7& IN THE CASE OF PUBLIC SWITHED TELE

SION
PHONE NETWORK 034. ACCESS THE DATA ARE
CONVERTED TO VOICEBAND DATA AND SENT TO
034. THROUGH A MODEM )N THE CASE OF
-3S ARE SYNCHRONIZED TO THEIR "43 BY
UTILIZING THE FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION !N -3
RECEIVES THE FRAME SIGNALS FROM ITS "43 )N
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK )3$. THE FRAME SIGNALS  SYNCH CHANNEL SUPER

OR PACKET SWITCHED PUBLIC DATA NETWORK FRAMES ARE TRANSMITTED DURING EVERY EVEN
030$. ACCESS THE DATA ARE TRANSMITTED SECONDS SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE '03 CLOCK
TO )3$. OR 030$. WITH THE  KBPS )3$.
4HE SYNCH CHANNEL SUPERFRAME LENGTH IS 
TYPE FORMAT MS AND IT CONSISTS OF  SYNCH CHANNEL FRAMES
4IME SYNCHRONIZATION IS REQUISITE FOR THE ;=
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

 #D 
 
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(  7
8!7
(  
   62*(  ! 

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62*!D 

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&IG  #-3 POWER CONTROL SCHEME

 0OWER #ONTROL FROM ALL OF ITS -3S BE MAINTAINED EQUAL

4HE OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL IS VALID ONLY
4HE POWER CONTROL HAS A SIGNI`CANT E_ECT
WHEN THE PROPAGATION LOSSES IN THE FORWARD
ON THE RADIO LINK PERFORMANCE 4HE POW

LINK AND REVERSE LINK ARE THE SAME
ERS PROPERLY TRANSMITTED FROM BOTH -3 AND
"43 INCREASE THE LINK CAPACITY 4HE TRANS
MIT POWERS MUST BE KEPT AS LOW AS POSSIBLE
AND STILL BE ENOUGH TO MAINTAIN THE REQUIRED
FRAME ERROR RATE &%2  &IGURE  SHOWS THE
POWER CONTROL SCHEME
4HE -3 TRANSMIT POWER IS ADJUSTED BY
THE TWO REVERSE LINK CONTROL MECHANISMS
(OWEVER THE PATH LOSS IRREGULARITY BE
TWEEN THE FORWARD AND THE REVERSE LINK
DOES NOT WARRANT THE EQUAL RECEIVED SIGNAL
STRENGTH AT THE "3 4HE INNER LOOP POWER
CONTROL COMPENSATES THE DISCREPANCY OF THE
POWER LEVELING )T IS PERFORMED EVERY 
MS BY THE "43 COMMANDS )F THE RECEIVED
POWER LEVEL FROM THE -3 IS LESS THAN THE
OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL AND CLOSED LOOP PRESET %B.O AT THE "43 THE "43 DIRECTS
POWER CONTROL 4HE CLOSED LOOP POWER CON
THE -3 TO INCREASE THE TRANSMIT POWER 4HE
TROL CONSISTS OF THE INNER LOOP POWER CON
PRESET %B .O OF THE "43 IS ADJUSTED BY THE
TROL AND THE OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL )N OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL 4HIS IS PERFORMED
THE OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL THE TRANSMIT EVERY  MS BY THE "3# SELECTOR ACCORD

POWER DECREASES WHEN THE RECEIVER SIGNAL ING TO THE FRAME QUALITY OF 6ITERBI DECODED
STRENGTH INCREASES AND VICE VERSA SO THAT PACKETS 7HEN THE ACTUAL FRAME ERROR RATE
THE SUM OF THE TRANSMIT POWER STRENGTH AND &%2 AT THE SELECTOR IS BELOW THE REQUIRED
RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH REMAINS CONSTANT &%2pIN OTHER WORDS WHEN THE SYSTEM PER

4HE "43 EXPECTS THAT THE SIGNAL STRENGTH FORMS BETTER THAN REQUIREDpCONTINUOUSLY
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

@%3 /  73,3 /  73 / 
B(3 /  




 



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&IG  #-3 SIGNALING PROTOCOL STRUCTURE

THE SELECTOR DIRECTS THE CORRESPONDING "43 HOME LOCATION REGISTER AUTHENTICATION CEN
TO DECREASE THE PRESET %B.O  TER AND SHORT MESSAGE SERVICEMESSAGE CEN
TER RESPECTIVELY 4HE -3# 6,2 AND %)2
4HE FORWARD LINK POWER CONTROL IS PER
ARE IMPLEMENTED IN THE -8 4HE (,2 AND
FORMED BY THE DIRECTION FROM THE "3# 4HE
!# ARE IMPLEMENTED IN THE (,2!# &IG
"43 TRANSMIT POWER IS ADJUSTED BY OBSERV
URE  SHOWS THE #-3 PROTOCOL STRUCTURE
ING THE REQUIRED &%2 OF THE -3 4HE SE
4HE INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN ANY TWO EN
LECTOR OF THE "3# RECEIVES THE &%2 INFOR TITIES ARE ESTABLISHED ACCORDING TO THE INTER
MATION FROM ITS CORRESPONDING -3 4HE -3 NATIONAL STANDARD SYSTEM REFERENCE MODEL
SENDS THE INFORMATIONS PERIODICALLY OR WHEN OF THE CELLULAR SYSTEMS ;= ;= 4HE PROTO
THE &%2 EXCEEDS THE THRESHOLD LEVEL )F THE COLS EMPLOYED IN THE #-3 ARE FOUND TO WORK
&%2 IS TOO HIGH THE SELECTOR DIRECTS THE RE WELL 4HE LOWER LAYER PROTOCOLS CORRESPOND
SPONSIBLE "43 TO INCREASE THE POWER TRANS ING TO LAYER  AND LAYER  OF THE OPEN SYSTEM
MITTED TO THE CORRESPONDING -3 INTERCONNECTION /3) ARE AS FOLLOWS

-3 "43 RADIO LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL

 3IGNALING 2#0
"43 "3# "3 INTERNAL PROTOCOL ")0
)N THE #-3 THERE ARE NINE FUNCTIONAL "3# -8 4$8 INTERPROCESSOR PROTOCOL
ENTITIES -3 "43 "3# -3# 6,2 %)2 4)0
(,2 !# AND 3-3 -# 4HE -3# 6,2 -8 (,2!# MESSAGE TRANSFER PART 
%)2 (,2 !# AND 3-3 -# CORRESPOND -40  AND -40 
TO THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER VISITOR LO 4HE UPPER LAYER PROTOCOLS ABOVE THE
CATION REGISTER EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER /3) LAYER  ARE CONCERNED WITH THE CALL
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

. 6 
.9 8 7

6 .

   

    
     
    
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/%   /%
/%
 
/%
  
  
  
/% ' 
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'   '
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   /%
  
  
/%

&IG  4HE VOICE SERVICE CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR MOBILE ORIGINATING PLAIN LINE AND MOBILE TERMINATED DOTTED
LINE CALLS /NE -8 FOR THE HOME -8 AND THE VISITING -8 IS ASSUMED

MANA GEMENT MOBILITY MANAGEMENT RADIO 4HESE UPPER LAYER PROTOCOLS ARE EXE
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SO ON 4HESE CUTED IN THE CONTROL BLOCKS %ACH FUNCTIONAL
TRANSFER FOR EXAMPLE THE CALL CONTROL INFOR ENTITY HAS ITS OWN CONTROL BLOCK WHICH CON
MATION SUCH AS THE SUBSCRIBER IDENTI`CATION SISTS OF A NUMBER OF PROCESSORS 4HE PROCES
NUMBER AND THE SERVICE TYPE 4HE UPPER SORS IN EACH BLOCK EMPLOY THE FAST PACKET
LAYER PROTOCOLS EMPLOYED ARE AS FOLLOWS TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE TO HANDLE A LARGE
AMOUNT OF TRAbC !LL THE CONTROL BLOCKS
-3 "43 MOBILE CALL PROCESSING PART
PERFORMING THE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS HAVE
-#00
REDUNDANT PROCESSORS TO WARRANT SYSTEM RE
"43 "3# "3 APPLICATION PART "3!0
LIABILITY
"3# -8 "3 MOBILE APPLICATION PART
"3-!0
-8 (,2!# OR 3-3 -# -40  SIG )6 3%26)#% #/.42/, !.$
NALING CONNECTION CONTROL PART 3##0  -!.!'%-%.4 &5.#4)/.
TRANSACTION CAPABILITY 4#!0  AND
MOBILE APPLICATION PART -!0   #ALL #ONTROL
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4HE CALL CONTROL SCHEMES FOR THE PRIMARY THE PAGING REQUEST 4HE "43 THEN PAGES
SERVICES ARE DISCUSSED HERE 4HE PRIMARY THE -3 !FTER RECEIVING THE RESPONSE TO THE
SERVICES ARE VOICE DATA AND SHORT MESSAGE
SERVICES
! 6OICE 3ERVICE
4HE VOICE SERVICE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
PAGING REQUEST FROM THE DESTINATION -3 THE
"43 ASSIGNS A 7ALSH CODE AND A FRAME O_
SET FOR THE -3 4HE "3# RECEIVES THE PAG
ING RESPONSE FROM THE "43 AND ALLOCATES A
SELECTOR FOR THE CALL !FTER CON`RMING THE
CONNECTION WITH THE -3 THE "3# SENDS THE
AMONG THE PRIMARY SERVICES &IGURE  SHOWS
PAGING RESPOND TO ITS -8 4HE -8 ACCOM

THE CALL CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE VOICE COM

PLISHES THE DESIRED CONNECTION &OR THE MO

MUNICATION 4HE SIGNALING MESSAGES FOR THE
BILE TO MOBILE CALLS BOTH OF THE ABOVE CALL
CONTROL ARE EXCHANGED ACCORDING TO THE SIG

PROCEDURES ARE PERFORMED
NALING PROTOCOL DISCUSSED IN THE PREVIOUS
SECTION 4HERE EXIST TWO TYPES OF CALLS MO

BILE ORIGINATED CALL AND MOBILE TERMINATED 

  #$#% "  ! 
CALL 
  
4HE -3 STARTS AN ORIGINATED CALL BY 

SENDING A CALL ORIGINATION MESSAGE TO ITS CELL 

  
 
     
"43 )F THE "43 HAS AN AVAILABLE CHANNEL
 
FOR THE CALL THE "43 INFORMS THE ORIGINAT
ING -3 OF THE 7ALSH CODE AND FRAME O_

  
 
SET CORRESPONDING TO THE AVAILABLE CHANNEL
4HEN THE "43 REQUESTS ITS "3# A CONNEC
TION 4HE "3# ASSIGNS A SELECTOR UPON RE &IG  #-3 DATA COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL STRUCTURE
-4 TRANSMITTING DATA ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE
QUEST !S SOON AS THE SELECTOR CON`RMS THE
43" IN THE "3# VIA 2#0 IN THE "43 43" IS
ORIGINATING -3 THE "3# REQUESTS THE -8
THE TRANSCODER  SELECTOR BANK
A CALL CONNECTION 4HE -8 REQUESTS THE !#
THE AUTHENTICATION STATUS OF THE ORIGINATING
" $ATA 3ERVICE
-3 5PON RECEIVING AN AbRMATION FROM THE
!# THE -8 ACCEPTS THIS CALL AND CONNECT &IGURE  SHOWS THE #-3 PROTOCOL STRUC
THE -3 TO THE DESTINATION TURE FOR THE DATA SERVICE 4WO STEPS ARE
)N THE TERMINATED CALL THE ROUTING INFOR TAKING PLACE TO PROVIDE A DATA SERVICE 4HE
MATION OF THE TERMINATED -3 IS INFORMED `RST STEP IS TO CONNECT THE MOBILE TERMINAL
FROM THE (,2 4HE -8 KNOWING THE LO  -4 TO THE -8 4HE CONNECTION PROCE
CATION AREA OF THE TERMINATED -3 REQUESTS DURE IS THE SAME AS THE CALL CONTROL PROCE
THE CORRESPONDING "3# A PAGING 4HE "3# DURE OF THE VOICE COMMUNICATION 4HE SEC
IN TURN INFORMS THE CORRESPONDING "43 OF OND STEP IS TO ESTABLISH THE DATA COMMUNI
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 




 








 
 
 






  
  
 





  
 

 
 



  
 


   

 
 


&IG  #-3 3-3 PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE #!) IS THE COMMON AIR INTERFACE 

CATIONS PROTOCOL 4HE -4 CORRESPONDS TO
THE -3
$ATA COMMUNICATIONS INCLUDE THE '
FACSIMILE SERVICES AND ASYNCHRONOUS DATA
SERVICES SUCH AS `LE TRANSFERRINGS 4HE -8
TRANSFERS THE MAXIMUM  CHARACTERS 4HE
#-4 TRANSFERS THE MAXIMUM  CHARAC
TERS INCLUDING CONTROL INFORMATION ;= 4HE
SHORT MESSAGES ARE TRANSFERRED UTILIZING THE
SIGNALING MESSAGES OF THE CONTROL CHANNEL
CAN COMMUNICATE WITH 034. THROUGH THE AS WELL AS THE TRAbC CHANNEL ON THE OTHER
MODEM POOLS OR COMMUNICATE DIRECTLY WITH HAND THE VOICE OR DATA IS TRANSFERRED UTILIZ

030$. OR )3$. USING THE DIGITAL TRANS
ING ONLY THE TRAbC CHANNEL &IGURE  SHOWS
MISSION PROTOCOL 4HE INTERWORKING FUNC
THE 3-3 PROTOCOL STRUCTURE 7HILE THE DATA
TION )7& CONNECTING TO THE -8 EXECUTES IS TRANSFERRED IN REAL TIME THROUGH )7& THE
SUCH CONNECTIONS !S SHOWN IN &IG  THE SHORT MESSAGE IS TRANSFERRED IN THE STORE AND
DATA SERVICES NEED THE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT FORWARD SCHEME 4HE 3-3 TRANSPORT LAYER
 4% AND THE -4 4HE -4 EMULATES
CORRECTS ANY TRANSMISSION ERROR THROUGH RE

THE MODEM FUNCTION 4HE APPLICATION IN

TRANSMISSION AND PROVIDES THE 3-3 BEARER
TERFACE PART !)0 RESIDING IN THE -4 ES

SERVICE 4HE -3 HAS A SHORT MESSAGE ENTITY
TABLISHES THE CONNECTION WITH THE MODEM
WHICH IS USED IN STORING OR DISPLAYING THE
POOL OF THE )7& !NY TRANSMISSION ERROR
RECEIVED SHORT MESSAGE
THAT MIGHT OCCUR IN THE LINK IS RECOVERED
VIA !21 PERFORMED BY THE 43"
 (ANDO_
# 3HORT -ESSAGE 3ERVICES
4HE #-3 PROVIDES THREE TYPES OF HAND

4HE #-3 PROVIDES TWO 3-3 TELESERVICES O_ SOFTER HANDO_ SOFT HANDO_ AND HARD
CELLULAR PAGING TELESERVICE #04 AND CELLU
HANDO_ 4HE SOFTER HANDO_ REFERS TO THE
LAR MESSAGING TELESERVICE #-4  4HE #04 HANDO_ BETWEEN TWO NEIGHBORING SECTORS IN
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

A CELL )T IS IMPLEMENTED IN ONE CHANNEL CALL ATTEMPT UPON REQUEST )T CONSISTS OF

CARD 4HE CHANNEL CARD PROCESSES THE RADIO A RANDOM CHALLENGE NUMBER 2!.$#  AN
SIGNALS UTILIZING THE RAKE RECEIVER 4HE SOFT
HANDO_ REFERS TO THE HANDO_ BETWEEN NEIGH
CALL HISTORY COUNT 4HE SECRET DATA IS EX
BORING CELLS 4HE SELECTOR PERFORMS THE SOFT
HANDO_ )T CHOOSES THE BEST PACKET AMONG
THE TRANSFERRED PACKETS FROM i "43S AND
SENDS IT TO THE CORRESPONDING TRANSCODER
4HE HARD HANDO_ OCCURS WHEN THE SITUA
TION NEEDS ONE OF THE THREE CHANGES THE
AUTHENTICATION INFORMATION !54(  AND A
AMINED BY THE !# DURING THE AUTHENTICA
TION 4HE 2!.$# PROTECTS THE AUTHENTI
CATION ALGORITHM FROM REVELATION )T IS GEN
ERATED BY THE BASESTATION MANAGER "3-
AND IS USED BY BOTH THE "43 AND THE !#
DI_ERENT FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT THE DI_ER

 ,OCATION -ANAGEMENT
ENT FRAME O_SET ASSIGNMENT AND THE CHANGE 4HE INFORMATION ON THE SUBSCRIBERS LO

OF -8 AREA 4HE APPROPRIATE SELECTOR CATION IS REQUIRED AND MAINTAINED BY THE
IS CHOSEN IN EACH SITUATION 4HE -8 #-3 4HE LOCATION REGISTRATIONS ARE BASED
AREA IS CHANGED AT THE -8 4HE `RST TWO ON THE TIME ZONE DISTANCE POWER ONO_
CASES OCCUR WHEN THE CHANNEL OF THE SAME ORDER PARAMETER CHANGE IMPLICIT AND TRAF

BANDWIDTH OR FRAME O_SET IS NOT AVAILABLE `C CHANNEL REGISTRATION ;= 4HE TRAbC CHAN

4HE MOBILE ASSISTED HANDO_ -!(/ AND NEL REGISTRATION OCCURS AFTER THE HANDO_ )T
THE NETWORK CONTROL HANDO_ .#(/ TECH
IS STORED IN AND MANAGED BY THE 6,2 AND
NIQUES MAKE THE FREQUENCY HANDO_ POSSI
(,2 7HILE THE 6,2 LIMITS IT TO THE SUB

BLE WITHOUT THE BEACON PILOT INCREASING THE SCRIBERS IN THE CORRESPONDING -8 AREA THE
(,2 INCLUDES ALL THE SUBSCRIBERS IN THE SER

SYSTEM COMPLEXITY 4HESE USE THE INFORMA

VICE AREA 7HEN A SUBSCRIBER PASSES FROM
TION SUCH AS THE -3
"43 ROUND TRIP DE

AN -8 AREA TO ANOTHER THE 6,2 IS CHANGED
LAY 24$  THE FORWARD LINK POWER CONTROL
BY THE NOTI`CATION FROM THE (,2
AND THE RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH TO EXECUTE
HANDO_ 4HE #-3 CAN ALSO USE THE BEACON
 2ESOURCE -ANAGEMENT
PILOT FOR THE FREQUENCY HANDO_
4HE #-3 RADIO LINK RESOURCES ARE MAN

 !UTHENTICATION AGED TO OPTIMIZE THE LINK CAPACITY AND SER

VICE QUALITY #UTTING O_ THE ONGOING CALL
!UTHENTICATION IS REQUIRED TO PROTECT IS A SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE SERVICE QUALITY
AND QUALIFY BONA`DE SUBSCRIBERS %ACH SUB
4HE #-3 RESERVES A FEW CHANNELS FOR HAND

SCRIBER IS REQUIRED TO CARRY A SECRET DATA O_S WITH THE HIERARCHICAL PRIORITY 4HE HI

AND IS SERVED ONLY WHEN THE SECRET DATA IS ERARCHICAL PRIORITY IS AIMED AT USING THE RE

MATCHED TO THE ONE STORED IN THE AUTHEN
SERVED CHANNEL E_ECTIVELY !N -3 REQUEST

TICATION CENTER !#  4HE SECRET DATA CAN ING HANDO_ BY THE WEAK PILOT OF THE DES

BE CHANGED DURING THE REGISTRATION OR THE TINATION CELL IS ASSIGNED A CHANNEL WITH NO
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

PRIORITY (OWEVER THE -3 REQUESTING HAND
BY THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTER
O_ BY THE STRONG PILOT OF THE DESTINATION CELL /-# THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NETWORK
IS ASSIGNED A CHANNEL WITH PRIORITY 4HE RE
/!-
SERVED CHANNEL IS ALSO ASSIGNED THE -3 IN
AN URGENT CASE 4HE HANDO_ CHANNELS ARE
 #ELL "OUNDARY -ANAGEMENT
MANAGED SO THAT THE FREQUENCY HANDO_ SEL

DOM OCCURS 4HE FREQUENCY HANDO_ TAKES 4HE CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT IS TO OP

PLACE WHEN SOFT HANDO_ IS NOT AVAILABLE TIMIZE THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND THE "3
TOTAL CAPACITY )T INCLUDES BREATHING BLOS

 /!- -ANAGEMENT SOMING WILTING AND TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING
4HE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES EACH TERM
4HE /!- MANAGEMENT CONSISTS OF FOUR

4HE BREATHING BALANCES THE FORWARD
FUNCTIONS PROGRAM DOWNLOAD CON`GURA

LINK HANDO_ BOUNDARY AND THE REVERSE
TION MANAGEMENT FAULT MANAGEMENT AND
LINK HANDO_ BOUNDARY DURING THE NOR

ACCOUNT 4HE "3 PROGRAM AND CON`GURA

MAL OPERATION )T MAXIMIZES THE LINK
TION INFORMATION ARE TRANSFERRED FROM THE
CAPACITY
"3- TO THE "3 CONTROL BLOCKS 4HE SYS


4HE BLOSSOMING INDICATES THE GRADUAL
TEM FAULT OR FAILURE IS DETECTED ISOLATED AND INCREASE OF THE "43 TRANSMIT POWER
RECOVERED BY THE FAULT MANAGEMENT 4HE WHEN A CELL IS INITIALLY ACTIVATED ! SUD

ALARM GENERATES AN ALARM SIGNAL IMMEDI
DEN ACTIVATION CAUSES A SUDDEN INCREASE
ATELY WHEN ANY SYSTEM FAULT OR MALFUNCTION IN THE TOTAL FORWARD LINK BACKGROUND
IS DETECTED 4HE ALARM SIGNAL ENABLES THE POWER 4HIS RESULTS IN THE DEGRADA

#-3 OPERATOR TO LOCATE THE PLACE AND TIME TION OF THE FORWARD LINK QUALITY AND MAY
AT WHICH THE FAULT HAS OCCURRED 4HE AC
CAUSE THE CALL DROPS OF THE NEIGHBORING
COUNT INFORMATION IS STORED AND MANAGED CELLS 4HE BLOSSOMING ALLOWS OTHER CELL
AT THE (,2 "43S TO ADJUST THEIR TRANSMIT POWER TO
4HESE /!- FUNCTIONS USE THE DATABASE MAINTAIN THE LINK QUALITY AT THE ACCEPT

AND LIBRARY WHICH ARE RUN UNDER THE OPERAT
ABLE LEVEL
ING SYSTEM /3  4HE DATABASE CONTAINS THE
4HE WILTING IS THE OPPOSITE CONCEPT
INFORMATION ON THE RESOURCE MOBILITY AND
OPERATING STATUS TO NAME A FEW 4HE CALL
PROCESSING DATA ARE ALSO CONTAINED IN THE
DATABASE 4HE LIBRARY PROVIDES THE SYSTEM
4HE TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING IS TO BALANCE
PROGRAMMERS WITH THE /3 ORIENTED PROGRAM
LANGUAGE 4HE /!- INFORMATION ON THE "3
OF THE BLOSSOMING AND GRADUAL DECREASE
OF THE E_ECTIVE RADIATED POWER %20
WHEN THE CELL IS DEACTIVATED
USER TRAbC LOADS AMONG ADJACENT CELLS
BY ADJUSTING THE CELL RADII 4HE HEAVILY
IS GATHERED AND MANAGED BY THE "3- 4HIS LOADED "43 SHRINKS ITS COVERAGE AREA
INFORMATION IS ALSO GATHERED AND MANAGED WHILE THE SPARSELY LOADED NEIGHBORING
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

"43 INCREASES ITS COVERAGE AREA &IG THE POWER CONTROL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
URE  SHOWS THE CONCEPT OF THE TRAbC POWER CONTROL THRESHOLD VALUE AND TRANSMIS
LOAD SHEDDING SION GAIN OF THE FORWARD TRAbC CHANNEL


6 #-3 $%3)'.
  
  
 
    #-3 3TRUCTURE
  
 
  !LL THE FEATURES DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
HAVE BEEN IMPLEMENTED BASED ON THE SYSTEM
&,  * +  REFERENCE MODEL ;= ;= )NDIVIDUAL FUNCTION
&)  * + 
 &'(
IS ALLOCATED TO THE FUNCTIONAL ENTITY DE`NED
IN THE MODEL ! SUBSYSTEM CORRESPONDS TO A
&IG  4RAbC LOAD SHEDDING FUNCTIONAL ENTITY OR A COMBINATION OF A FEW
ENTITIES 4HE SUBSYSTEM IS DESIGNED BY CON
SIDERING THE CONTROL EbCIENCY OF THE OVER
 0ERFORMANCE -EASUREMENT ALL SYSTEM AND ECONOMY FOR PHYSICAL REAL
IZATION
4HE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IS NEC
4HE -3# THE 6,2 AND THE %)2 ARE
ESSARY TO ASSURE PROPER #-3 OPERATIONS
REALIZED WITHIN THE PHYSICAL -8 SUBSYS
4HE #-3 MEASURES THE LINK PERFORMANCE
TEM 4HE (,2 AND THE !# ARE REALIZED
PARAMETERS 4HE #$-! SYSTEM ANALYSIS
IN THE (,2!# SUBSYSTEM 4HE INTERFACE
TOOL #3!4 COLLECTS AND ANALYZES THE PERFOR
MANCE DATA 4HERE ARE TWO TYPES OF PER WITH THE OTHER NETWORKS SUCH AS 034. AND
FORMANCE PARAMETERS IN THE #3!4 THE PER )3$. IS DONE AT THE -8 &IGURE  SHOWS
FORMANCE ANALYSIS PARAMETER AND THE TRAF THE #-3 STRUCTURE INDICATING THE SUBSYS
`C ANALYSIS PARAMETER 4HE TRAbC ANALY TEM COMPONENTS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP
SIS PARAMETER CONTAINS THE NUMBER OF CALL 4HE MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE SUBSYSTEMS ARE
ATTEMPTSAPPROVALS PER UNIT INTERVAL VOICE DISCUSSED IN THE FOLLOWING
ACTIVITY PER CALL THE NUMBER OF HANDO_S
! -OBILE 3TATION
PER UNIT INTERVAL AND HANDO_ PARAMETERS
4HE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS PARAMETER CON 4HE -3 IS A PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT USED
TAINS THE &%2S OF THE FORWARD AND REVERSE BY THE #-3 SUBSCRIBER 4HIS PROVIDES A
LINKS BURST ERROR RATE THE %B . RECEIVED SUBSCRIBER WITH THE RADIO PATH TO THE NET
AT THE "43 AND THE -3 THE NUMBER OF WORK 4HERE ARE TWO TYPES OF -3 THE MO
`NGERS IN OPERATION AND THE SIGNAL ENERGY BILE EQUIPPED -3 AND THE PORTABLE -3
CONTAINED IN EACH `NGER )T ALSO DERIVES 4HE VOICE COMMUNICATION REQUIRES ONLY THE
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 






  3.#



4
6 
7

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(@ 
6 7
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&IG  #-3 FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE -&# IS THE MULTI FREQUENCY CONTROL 

MOBILE TERMINATION -4 FUNCTION 4HE AMPLI`ER POWER AMPLI`ER SIGNAL COM
OTHER SERVICES REQUIRE THE ADDITIONAL FUNC BINERDISTRIBUTOR AND FREQUENCY CONVERTER
TIONS SUCH AS THE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT 4%  ARE INSTALLED IN THE RADIO FREQUENCY UNIT
THE TERMINAL ADAPTOR 4!  OR THE COMBINA 2&5  &OR THE RADIO SIGNAL PROCESSING THE
TION THEREOF 4HE -3 IS EQUIPPED WITH THE MODULATIONDEMODULATION #$-! CHANNEL
MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY -%) AND THE CODINGDECODING AND THE '03 RECEIVER ARE
MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY -3) FOR IDENTI
IN THE #$-! DIGITAL UNIT #$5  4HE CALL
`CATION
PROCESS AND /!- FUNCTIONS ARE EXECUTED
" "ASE 3TATION IN THE "43 CONTROL PROCESSOR "#0  4HE
PACKET ROUTES AND THE PATH BETWEEN THE
4HE "3 IS A PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT USED IN
"43 AND THE "3# ARE PROVIDED BY THE "43
PROVIDING THE "3 AREA SUBSCRIBERS WITH THE
INTERCONNECTION NETWORK "). 
RADIO PATHS 4HE "3 CONSISTS OF THREE KINDS
4HE "3# MANAGES THE "3 RESOURCES
OF EQUIPMENTS "43 FOR THE TRANSMISSION
AND RECEPTION OF THE RADIO SIGNALS "3# FOR AND CONTROLS THE "3 AREA SUBSCRIBERS !LL
THE "3 CONTROL AND "3- FOR THE "3 /!- THE TRAbC PACKETS FROM -3S ARE PROCESSED
4HE "43 IS THE PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT IN THE "3# 4HE PACKET SELECTION DUR
NEEDED TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE SUB ING THE HAND O_S AND VOICE PACKET CON
SCRIBERS OF ITS CELL AREA &OR THE RA VERSION BETWEEN CODE EXCITED LINEAR PRE
DIO TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION LOW NOISE DICTION #%,0 AND 0#- ARE EXECUTED IN
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

THE TRANSCODER  SELECTOR BANK 43"  4HE $ (OME ,OCATION 2EGISTER!UTHENTICATION

43" CONNECTS TO THE -8 USING THE % #ENTER
TRUNKS 4HE "3# CALL PROCESS AND "3#
4HE (,2!# STORES AND MANAGES THE
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARE EXECUTED IN THE
#-3 SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION INCLUDING THE
CALL CONTROL PROCESSOR ##0  4HE #$-!
INTERCONNECTION NETWORK #). SWITCHES THE SUBSCRIBER LOCATIONS AND SERVICE PRO`LES
"3# INTERNAL PACKETS AND PROVIDES THE PATH 4HE AUTHENTICATION DATA ARE ALSO STORED IN
TO THE "43 4HE CLOCK GENERATION  DISTRIB THIS SUBSYSTEM 4HIS IS A DATABASE TO REG
UTOR #+$ PROVIDES 43"S WITH THE CLOCK ISTER #-3 SUBSCRIBER DATA 4HE (,2!#
SIGNALS DERIVED FROM THE '03 COMMUNICATES DIRECTLY WITH THE -8 UTILIZ
4HE "3- PROVIDES THE /!- FUNCTIONS ING THE COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING  ##3
FOR THE "3 EQUIPMENT 4HE PROGRAM LOAD  
ING FOR "3 OPERATIONS FAULT COLLECTION FOR
% 3HORT -ESSAGE 3ERVICE -ESSAGE #ENTER
"3 MAINTENANCE ARE EXECUTED IN THE "3-0
4HE MAN MACHINE INTERFACE --) FUNC 4HE 3-3 -# IS USED IN PROVIDING THE
TION FOR "3 OPERATORS IS ALSO INCLUDED IN THE SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES 4HIS STORES AND
"3-0 4HE !,- GENERATES ALARM SIGNALS REMITS SHORT MESSAGES UPON SUBSCRIBER RE
WHEN THE "3 EQUIPMENT `NDS ANY FAULT OR QUEST 4HE 3-3 -# COMMUNICATES DI
MALFUNCTION RECTLY WITH THE -8 UTILIZING ##3 

# -OBILE %XCHANGE
 3YSTEM #ON`GURATION
4HE -8 IS A PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDED
4HE #-3 CHANNEL CAPACITY IS DETER
TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE SUBSCRIBERS OF ITS
MINED BY THE SYSTEM CON`GURATION 4HE
-8 AREA &OR THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
ORIGINATING -3 AND THE DESTINATION THE -8 SYSTEM CON`GURATION IS CHANGEABLE BY SIM
CALL PROCESS 0#- BASED TIME SWITCH AND PLY ADDING OR REMOVING SUBSYSTEM CARDS
-8 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARE CARRIED OUT IN 4HE aEXIBILITY OF THE "3 CON`GURATION IS
THE ACCESS SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM !33  4HE SHOWN IN &IG 
LOCA TION MANAGEMENT AND INTERNETWORKING !CCORDING TO THE TESTS CONDUCTED ;= A
WITH 034. OR )3$. IS ALSO DONE VIA THE RADIO LINK IN A SINGLE SECTOR CELL CAN PRO
!33 4HE -8 LOCATION MANAGEMENT IS PER VIDE APPROXIMATELY  CHANNELS 4HE LINK
FORMED BY THE 6,2 6,2 IS REALIZED IN CAPACITY TURNS OUT TO DECREASE IN THE THREE
THE CENTRAL CONTROL SUBSYSTEM ##3  4HE SECTOR CELL SLIGHTLY 4HUS THE "43 WITH
-8 COMMUNICATES WITH THE (,2!# FOR THREE SECTORS AND FOUR FREQUENCIES PROVIDES
THE LOCATION MANAGEMENT AND AUTHENTICA APPROXIMATELY  CHANNELS %ACH "43 IS
TION 4HE INTERCONNECTION NETWORK SUBSYS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE UP TO EIGHT %
TEM ).3 IS THE -8 INTERNAL SWITCHES OR 4 TRUNKS CONNECTING TO THE "3#
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

. 2*0

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&IG  "3 CON`GURATION "3# CONSISTS OF UP TO  #).S ! "43 HAS MAXIMUM  TRUNKS 

/NE "3# GROUP "3#' CAN ACCOMMO PROVIDES THE MAXIMUM  %RLANG AND
DATE THE MAXIMUM  % OR 4 TRUNKS CON  BUSY HOUR CALL ATTEMPTS "(#!
NECTING WITH THE SUBORDINATE "43S 4HIS ;= 4HE 6,2 STORES THE MAXIMUM 
MEANS  "43S CAN BE CONNECTED TO A SUBSCRIBER DATA 4HE (,2!# HANDLES UP
"3#' IF ONE TRUNK PER "43 IS USED 4HE TO  SIGNALING TRUNKS AND STORES THE MAX
CALL BLOCKING PROBABILITY MUST BE CONSIDERED
IMUM  SUBSCRIBER DATA 4ABLE 
TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM NUMBER OF "43S
SUMMARIZES THE ABOVE `GURES
PER "3#' 4HE "3# IS DESIGNED TO INSTALL
THE MAXIMUM  "3#'S AND ACCOMMODATE
UP TO  "43S /NE 43" CAN HANDLE 
6) !2%!3 /& &5452%
VOICE CHANNELS /NE "3#' SUPPORTS MAX
IMUM  43"S WHICH CORRESPOND TO 
2%3%!2#(
VOICE CHANNELS %ACH 43" IS CONNECTED TO
4HE CELL CAPACITY IS NOT `XED BUT VARY
THE -8 USING TWO % TRUNKS ! "3# AC
ING 4HE CELL CAPACITY FOR EXAMPLE IS AF
COMMODATES UP TO  VOICE CHANNELS
4HE -8 CONSISTS OF MAXIMUM  AC FECTED BY THE TRAbC LOAD IN THE CHANNELS OF
CESS SWITCH SUBSYSTEMS !33S CORRESPOND THE NEIGHBORING CELLS ;= 4HEREFORE IT IS AD
ING TO  % OR 4 TRUNK CHANNELS )T VISABLE THAT THE RADIO CHANNELS BE ASSIGNED
INTERCONNECTS TO THE "3# UTILIZING MAXI ADAPTIVELY TO THE VARYING TRAbC LOAD TO SE
MUM  !33 MOBILES !33 -S  4HE -8 CURE THE OPTIMUM CELL CAPACITY 4RAbC LOAD
 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4HE #-3 SERVICES ARE SUPPORTED BY THESE

4ABLE  4HE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF #-3 COMPO FUNCTIONS )MPLEMENTATION OF THESE FUNC
NENTS TIONS ARE THE MAJOR CONCERN OF THE #-3 AR
-AXIMUM CHITECTURE
3UBSYSTEM #OMPONENT 2EMARKS
CAPACITY 4HE #-3 CONSISTS OF SEVEN SUBSYSTEMS
 SECTORS  -3 "43 "3# "3- -8 (,2!# AND
"43  #H
 FREQ 3-3 -# 4HESE SUBSYSTEMS ARE IMPLE
 #H  "3#'S MENTED BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
"3# "3#'  #H  43"S SYSTEM REFERENCE MODEL OF THE CELLULAR SYS
43"  #H TEMS 4HE SIGNALING AND NETWORK PROTOCOLS
 #H  !33S CONFORM TO THE /3) STRUCTURE
-8
!33  #H %ACH SUBSYSTEM CONSISTS OF A NUMBER OF
 MODULARIZED CARDS 4HE SYSTEM SIZE CAN BE
(,2!#
3UBSCRIBERS CUSTOMIZED TO MEET THE USER REQUIREMENT
4HE #-3 CAPACITY IS aEXIBLE AND EXPAND
ABLE 4HE "43 AND "3# CAN PROVIDE MAXI
CAN BE REDISTRIBUTED AMONG THE NEIGHBOR MUM  AND  VOICE CHANNELS RESPEC
ING CELLS BY REDE`NING THE CELL BOUNDARIES TO TIVELY 4HE -8 CAN ACCOMMODATE UP TO
OPTIMIZE THE OVERALL CHANNEL CAPACITY 7E  MOBILES AT THE SAME TIME 4HE #-3
RECOMMEND A FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE ADAP CONTROL BLOCKS ARE BUILT WITH REDUNDANCY TO
TIVE CHANNEL ALLOCATION DYNAMIC CELL BOUND WARRANT SYSTEM RELIABILITY
ARY MANAGEMENT AND TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING
;= ;= !MONG OTHERS A FURTHER STUDY ON
THE DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL IS ALSO RECOM 2%&%2%.#%3
MENDED 4HE E_ECTIVE TRANSMIT POWER CON
;= $0 7HIPPLE <.ORTH !MERICA CELLULAR
TROL OF BOTH THE -3S AND "3S IS A KEY TO
#$-! ( 0 *OUR VOL  NO  PP  
REDUCE THE CHANNEL INTERFERENCE AND THUS $EC 
TO IMPROVE THE CELL CAPACITY
;= : # &LUHR AND 0 4 0ORTER <#ONTROL ARCHITEC
TURE " 3 4 * VOL  NO  PP   *AN

6)) #/.#,53)/. ;= %43) 'LOBAL 3YSTEM FOR -OBILE #OMMUNICATION
'3-  .OV 
4HE ARCHITECTURE OF THE #-3 DEVELOPED
;= 3 +IM 0 3ONG * +IM AND ( ,EE <)NVESTI
BY %42) HAS BEEN DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THE GATION OF #$-! AIR INTERFACE AND PROTOCOLS IN
#$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS 4HESE FUNCTIONS THIS ISSUE PP  
ARE GROUPED INTO SERVICE MANAGEMENT SER ;= 4)!%)!)3  #ELLULAR )NTERSYSTEM /PERA
VICE CONTROL AND SERVICE RESOURCE FUNCTIONS TIONS 0.  *ULY 
%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

;= 9 . (AN + # (AN AND ( ' "AHK <! +I #HUL (AN WAS BORN IN
#$-! BASED INFRASTRUCTURE ITS DEVELOPMENT /SAN +OREA IN  (E RE
ARCHITECTURE AND `ELD TRIAL 0ROC -$-# .I CEIVED THE "3 AND -3 DE
IGATA *APAN .OV  PP   GREES IN MATERIALS ENGINEER
;= + 3 #HO # # 3ONE AND ( ,EE <4HE SYSTEM ING FROM +OREA 5NIVERSITY IN
STRUCTURE OF 4$8  DIGITAL MOBILE EXCHANGE  AND  RESPECTIVELY
0ROC +)## /CT  PP   AND 0H $ WITH SPECIALTY IN
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORBING MATERIALS FROM THE
;= + 3 'ILHOUSEN ) - *ACOBS 2 0ADOVANI !
SAME UNIVERSITY IN  3INCE HE JOINED %42) IN
* 6ITERBI , ! 7EAVER *R AND # % 7HEAT
 HE HAS WORKED FOR 4$8 SWITCHING SYSTEM DE
LEY ))) </N THE CAPACITY OF A CELLULAR #$-!
VELOPMENT AND #$-! MOBILE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEM )%%% 4RANS ON 6EHICULAR 4ECH VOL
(E ALSO WORKED AS AN INVITED RESEARCHER AT !44
 NO  PP   
"ELL ,ABS FOR TWO YEARS STARTING  #URRENTLY HE
;= 3 - 3HIN + * ,EE ( ,EE AND $ + 3UNG
IS THE DIRECTOR OF -OBILE #OMMUNICATION 3YSTEM $E
<%_ECTS OF HANDO_ REGION ON #$-! REVERSE
PARTMENT (E HAS RECEIVED THE ORDER OF 3TEEL 4OWER
LINK 0ROC -$-# .IIGATA *APAN .OV 
)NDUSTRIAL 3ERVICE -ERIT FROM THE KOREAN GOVERNMENT
PP  
FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE #$-! SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
;= 8 ( #HEN AND #ALEB * ,EE +, <! NOVEL (IS CURRENT RESEARCH INTERESTS INCLUDE NEW GENERATION
ADAPTIVE TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME FOR #$-! OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AND WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA
CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEMS 0ROC )##3 3INGA COMMUNICATIONS
PORE /CT  PP  

3UNGMOON 3HIN GRADUATED

FROM 3EOUL .ATIONAL 5NIVER
SITY WITH "3 DEGREE IN ELEC
TRONICS ENGINEERING IN 
AND -3 AND 0H $ DEGREES
FROM +OREA !DVANCED )NSTI
TUTE OF 3CIENCE AND 4ECHNOL
OGY +!)34 IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN  AND
 RESPECTIVELY 3INCE  HE HAS BEEN WITH
%42) AND IS CURRENTLY WORKING AT 2ADIO 0ROTOCOL
 3IGNALING 3ECTION (IS RESEARCH INTERESTS INCLUDE
LINK POWER ANALYSIS AND TRAbC MODELING WITH PER
FORMANCE EVALUATION IN DIGITAL AND MOBILE COMMUNI
CATIONS ESPECIALLY WITH SPREAD SPECTRUM AND #$-!
TECHNOLOGIES

(UN ,EE
3EE %42) *OURNAL VOL  NO  P  !PR