Solution:

Determination of the cross sectional profile of concrete gravity dam for the following data and
plot the profile by the single step method of design.

(maximum water depth to be retained)= 45m

Tail water depth, h=0
Top (or crest) width, L=4m
Unit weight of concrete,=25KN/m3
Unit weight of water, w=10KN/m3

Uplift intensity factor,=1.0

Allowable coefficient of friction within concrete and between concrete and foundation,
(f=0.65)
Ultimate shear resistance of dam and foundation, Sa=4MPa
Minimum permissible shear friction safety factor ,S.F.F=5
Wind velocity over water,
Fetch
Maximum allowable inclined stress in dam or foundation,=3MPa

Step one: Let to derive the base width of base of the elementary profile

B= = = 36.9m ==37m

Now it is possible to calculate the base width of the triangular profile

b=37-4 =33m
Lets consider the downstream inclination (d)

Using this value we can calculate the height of the triangular profile:

Before checking whether this dam is stable or not first lets determine the free
board of the dam as follow
Computing the significant wave height:-

Hs = significant wave height for this we use the equation :-

 Hs = 0.0032 +0.76-0.24 = 0.0032 +0.76-0.24 = 1.95m

Wave rise above still water level (Freeboard), then

Take the free board 3.0 m

Therefore, height of the dam

4.80

Fig 1: the cross section of the dam

Step 2: Now lets check the stability of the dam for empty reservoir condition
Computation of forces:-

Item Description and Force KN Moment arm Moment

dimension Vertical force Horizontal from toe about the toe
force
Weight of dam
W1 4*48*25 4800 35 168000
W2 0.5*33*40.2*25 16582.5 22 364815
Sum 21382.5 532815
Step 3: Cheek whether the resultant is in the middle third (kern) i.e.

(The negative sign indicates the resultant

passes towards the heel)

The resultant force was outside of the middle third at empty reservoir condition. Hence it needs
to provide an upstream batter.

Step 4: With the upstream slope provided, take moment of the upstream middle third point, for
the now base width.

Dam with upstream flare (batter)

Figure: free body diagram force analysis for the providing upstream batter

By Applying Moment Area Method, lets calculate the centroid of the crest mass ( )
Total area ( AeF)* BE = 4(3) (2) + 1/2*4.9*4(2.67)
 (12 + 9.8)BE = 24 + 26.17
BE = 2.3 m

From triangle similarity theorem ACD ABE

Y= 45- 8.4=36.6m

Now consider the dam for empty reservoir condition

For reservoir empty condition (Taking summation of moment about the new upstream
middle third

item Description and dimension Force in KN Lever arm Moment about point m
from point
Vertical Horiz Antic lock wise Clockwise
m
force ontal (+ve) (-ve)
force

self weight
W1 0.5*25*Bf*36.6 457.5Bf 12.33 - Bf 5640.98Bf-305
W2 4*48*25 4800 10.33 49584
W3 0.5*25*40.2*33 16582.5 2/3*33- 226682.8
(12.33-4)

=5640.98BF-305BF2+49584-226682.8

Using quadratic equation we can solve the values of

?????

Take the positive value of

Check the stability of the dam for this section about the heel for reservoir empty
condition.
 Table1: Stability analysis for empty reservoir including upstream batter

item Description and Force in KN Lever arm Moment about point m

dimension Vertical Horizont from the toe Antic lock wise Clockwise
force al force (+ve) (-ve)
self weight
W1 0.5*25*Bf*36.6 3202.5 39.33 125954.33
W2 4*48*25 4800 35 168000
W3 0.5*25*40.2*33 16582.5 24.67 409090.28

=703044.61

Therefore the resultant force lies in the middle third.

Now lets check the stability of the dam for reservoir empty condition

A. Stability against overturning

Not necessary since it is stable in empty condition!

B. overstress

C. Vertical stress

D. Horizontal Normal Stress

Upstream:-
.36( ) =38.32
Downstream:

= 55.8
=37.6

E. Shear stress

= -45.76 KN/m2, .........Safe

F. Principal Stress

Upstream

= 1099.96 -------------------------safe

Down stream

92.4048 --- -----------------------safe

 for full reservoirs condition

Figure: Free body diagram for full reservoirs condition

The detail force analysis in the below table

Table: Force analysis for full reservoir condition

Item Description and Force KN Lever arm Moment about from the toe
dimension Vertical Horizont From the Anticlockwise Clockwise
force al force toe (+ve) (-ve)
I/self weight
W1 0.5*7*36.6*25 3202.5 39.33 125954.33
W2 0.5*25*37*45 4800 35 168000
W3 25*3.6*3+(0.5*3.6*4.2 16582.5 24.67 409090.28
5*25)
Sum 24585 703044.61
II/water pressure
Ph 0.5*10*(45)2 10125 15 151875
Pv1 7*8.4*10 588 40.5 23814
Pv2 .5*10*7*36.6 1281 41.67 53379.27
lll. Wave Pressure
Pwave 2*10* 76.13 48 3654.24
lV.uplift pressure
Pv 10*44*.5*45 -(9900) 29.33 290400
16544

Including uplift pressure, =16544KN

445929.24(Including Up lift)

334308.4

Excluding uplift pressure,

Check the resultant force in kern

Check the stability

I) stability against overturning

II) Stability against sliding

Sliding factor ,

Shear friction factor where S - shear resistance ,

III) stability against stressing (here All computation of stress is Excluding Uplift)

Vertical normal stress ,z

-------safe

Shear stress
Upstream face

Downstream face,

Horizontal normal stress , y

Upstream face

Downstream face,

Principal Stresses
Up stream
-450(0.0361)
= 503.89 -------------safe
Downstream
--here P= 0 (no tail water)

=1159.913 -----------------safe

Figure: Final profile of the dam

Remark: Silt load, tail water and earthquake acceleration are neglected