BIBBY TEXT NOTES

CHAPTER ONE SUMMARY

Pg. 5 POST 50S CULTURAL SHIFT

- from homogeneity to diversity

- from morality to moralities

- bilingualism and biculturalism are also established

- 1970 multiculturalism

- 1980 Charter of Rights and Freedom

- pluralism extended to all sectors of life = inclusion of all
cultures, language, race, religion, sexual orientation, family types,
education, morality, lifestyles

Pg. 7 - concept of relativism is what makes pluralism possible in

practice

- pluralism and relativism have come to characterize life in

Canada

- Millennials endorse the clich everything is relative

- For the millennials believe what is right or wrong is a matter of
personal opinion
- 43% (a good number of millennials) say the basis for their
moral views is how they feel at the time
- a subjective response

Pg. 9 - relativism is in religion/external authority does not rule , thus

no guilt
- some basic values and behaviour are important and mutually
expected so not everything is relative
- basic values held in regard
concern for others
politeness
forgiveness (led by females)
courtesy (led by females)

- patience is poor amongst millennials drive through generation

- females prove to be more civil
Pg. 13 - the question = Why the negative view of teenagers when
they look so good?
- the corrective to this negative stereotype is to get to know
people personally
- need to recognize commonalities
- need to expect the best
- need to facilitate teens values into action

Pg. 14 - Millennials are more opposed to war and capital

punishment than adults
- millennials are almost equal to adults on health care and racial
as well as cultural diversity

Pg. 14 - when looking at Canadian teens attitudes etc. the

regional differences are small
- variations by community size is small
- schools Roman Catholic or public not related to particular
values or potential behavour
- Bibby expands the research and looks at Aboriginal, private
Christian schools, non religious private schools

NOTABLE VARIATIONS

Pg. 14 - Quebec students less likely to place a high value on

concern for others
-private faith schools and Aboriginal schools = little more inclined
to place a high value on hard work
- the finger a big issue for private Christian secondary setting
not an issue for the private non religious schools or Aboriginal
schools

Pg. 17 - Service (religious) attendance those attending see

interpersonal values as more important
- Bibby says the school system can help instill interpersonal and
school related values
- value promoting programs MAKE YOU THINK- clubs etc. can
help

Pg. 19 - Teens mostly healthy decent folks

- God and religion has eclipsed from their lives, left huge
shadows and teens have their calling cards

Pg. 20 - Teens need to be called into account regarding relativity

CHAPTER TWO SUMMARY

Pg. 22 - Friendship
- life giving and indispensible
- technology has changed how people experience friendship
- Baby Boomer Bill Gates the Microsoft founder led the way in
giving the
millennial generation endless communication and information
possibilities
- others such as Rogers, Shaw, Blackberry, Bell etc. also lent
communication and information possibilities

Pg. 23 - Boomers either upgraded or found themselves on the

unemployment sidelines
- Boomers had to modernize to stay in the workforce
- from 1985 2005 Boomers = 25% primary workforce aged 20
64
Pg. 24 Boomer made a historic technological contribution

MILLENNIALS

Pg. 24 - from 1984 0n Millennials report two things important to

them
1) Friendship
2) Freedom
3) Comfortable life
3.5) Having choice
4) Good education
5) Success
6) Family
7) Excitement
8) What your parents think of you
9) Money
10)Looks and recognition
11) Spirituality
12) Cultural background (2 in 10 this is a surprise)
13) Being popular
14) Involvement
15) Spirituality

SOURCES OF ENJOYMENT

1) Friends
2) Music
 3) Internet
4) I Pod / MP# player
5) Family and extended friendships
6) Sports (males)
7) Room of ones own
8) Girls more open about friendships/relationships and pets (in
being open girls enjoy using their cell phones and e-mail more
so than boys
9) T.V.
10) E-mail use is up from 2000 from 3/10 to 5/10
11) Being alone
12) Shopping (females)
13) Cars (males)
14) Video and computer games (males)
15) School and jobs
16) Reading (females)
17) Youth groups 4/10
18) Religious groups specifically

Pg. 29 Millennials demonstrate unprecedented consumption

choices this leads to the understanding that the death of the
monoculture is in progress and there is simultaneously a
widening of diversity occurring

INFLUENCES OF TEENAGE FRIENDS

- parents want good friends and the right kind of people for
their adolescents

Pg. 30 Strongest Influences on Teens

-the big three
1) friends
2) parents
3) they themselves and their traits

other influences of interest we might have expected to see

ranking higher on the list
9) the internet
10) advertising

Pg. 31 Friends
- 99% have at least 1 friend (close friend)
- 70% have at least 4 friends
- 15% have at least 3 friends
- 10% have at least 2 friends
- only 1% do not have a close friend
 - males and females reported almost an identical number of
friends
Pg. 32 - technology accounts for an increase in the number of
close friends perceived (ie.) facebook
skype
cell phones
- there are internet friendship groups
- internet social ties is the #1 group activity for males and the #2
group activity for males
- facebook is the #1 website for 50% of females
Pg. 33 - sports, YouTube, computer games favored by more males
than females
- statistics reveal the web is primarily a social versus information
function for young people
Pg. 34 - internet non friendly purposes = cyberbullying, child
luring, harassment, financial exploitation spam, viruses
EXPANSION OF FRIENDSHIP BOUNDARIES

- 1in 3 have a close friend in another province

- 1 in 5 have a close friend in the U.S.
- 1 in 5 have a close friend living outside North America
- 1 in 5 have met a close friend online

Pg. 37 - the internet has helped break down barriers of race in

B.C. and Ontario where large numbers of visible minorities live,
the percentage of interracial friendships are larger/higher than
elsewhere
Pg. 37 in the North, diverse groups led by whites and Aboriginals also
have extensive friendship ties.
-Vancouver teens have more interracial friendships than young
people in any other city then come teens in Toronto, Calgary,
Edmonton, Ottawa-Gatineau, Montreal
- Quebec lowest in interracial friendship (Herouxville)
- Quebec is no longer French-Canadian in Identity immigrants
are to assimilate new policy is called interculturalism

Pg. 39 TREND TRACKING

Teens place a high value on
1) Friendship
2) Comfortable life
3) Success
4) Excitement

Adults place a high value on

1) Being loved
2) Family
 - these reflect a life style change rather than social change or a
cultural shift

SUMMARY

- Interpersonal life still important

- Relationships very important
- How we experience these is different i.e. via facebook

CHAPTER THREE SUMMARY

Pg. 43 - emerging sexual feelings

- emerging sexual attraction
- teens believe they have it all together before they are 20

BOOMER BACKDROP

- hippie movement of the 60s

- liberalized thoughts about sex and sex outside of marriage
- things are different today

Pg. 44 - 1975 premarital sex not wrong or only wrong sometimes

= 65% of Canadians agree with this
- 2008 premarital sex not wrong or only wrong sometimes =
80% of Canadian agree with this
- Gagnon said the number of females who had intercourse before
marriage is the sexual revolution
Pg. 45 the liberal contribution to society on the part of the Boomers is
not approved by all i.e. Religious groups such as Muslims,
Catholics, Evangelicals
Pg. 45 2005 project survey noted for the first time since the 1970s
the approval level for premarital sex was down among young
adults
- from the 90% down to below 80%
- reasons for this
1) concern about aids
2) call for safe sex
3) groups advocating chastity
all have contributed to a more conservative sexual attitude and
behaviour
Pg. 45 Boomers created considerable sexual freedom
- from sexual behaviour to sexual orientation
- greater acceptance of homosexuality
- gay rights
 - gay marriage

Pg. 45 the liberalization of attitude was not lost on the millennials

(the offspring of Boomers
- premarital sex alright when people loved each other but also
to a lesser extent if people liked each other
Pg. 46,47
- sexual revolution did not result in long term changes toward
extra sex
- among teens 1984-2000, the percentage approving of sex
outside marriage fell - in 1984 it was 12% and in 2000 it was 9%
Pg. 47 approval of homosexuality occurred and remained increasing
among Boomers and pre-Boomers
- in the 2008 survey the question regarding homosexuality was
framed differently
- the new question set out to distinguish between teens who
personally approve of behaviour vs. accept behaviour
Pg. 48 Canadian teens both accept and approve (44%)
- the Canadian way = rights and freedom
- teens also approve of same sex parenting

APPROPRIATE PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

Pg. 50 -1984 = dating, holding hands, kissing, necking, petting

- 1992 2000 = dating, holding hands, kissing, (necking, petting
become) making out
- changing patterns in language
- 1999-2000 findings similar to 1984 = males and females feel
the couple should be together at least a few times before they
make out, 5 in 10 teens think couples should be together a few
times before they have sex
Pg. 51 shows liberalizing of attitudes and behaviours with the
substantial change occurring amongst women
- females move from 35% to 48% in the inclination of females to
think sex is fine after a few times together

ACTUAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

Pg. 51 - In 1987, 55% of teens had been or were sexually active

(breakdown 60% of males and 50% of females), these levels
remain unchanged through to today
- teens younger than 15 having sex is down from 12% in the mid
1990s to 8% today
Pg. 53 2008, 5 in 10 males and 4 in 10 females currently engaged in
sex
CONTRACEPTION AND AIDS

Pg.53 88% maintain teens are using some form of birth control while
12% say they are not
Pg. 54 _ of the 40% of teens who see themselves as sexually active,
47% indicate aids has had an influence on their sex lives with no
significant difference between males and females

CORRELATES OF SEXUAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS

Pg. 55 approval of pre marital sex and sexual involvement is higher in

Quebec and the North
- it is highest in Saskatchewan
- belief acquaintances are using birth control is lowest in the
North
- teens in smaller communities somewhat more likely than teens
in large cities to approve of and engage in sex
- teens in smaller communities are no less likely than those in
large communities to approve of gay sex and gay marriage

Pg. 56 SCHOOL SYSTEMS

- Quebec public, private school teens, non religious more liberal

and open to premarital sex, gay lifestyle including gay marriage
- teens from Catholic schools are less inclined to endorse
premarital sex and homosexuality but just likely to be sexually
involved
- teens in Christian (private) schools and faith schools are far
more conservative in their views regarding premarital sex,
homosexuality and less likely to be sexually involved
- Aboriginal teens less likely than others to approve
homosexuality and more likely to be involved sexually
- off reserve Aboriginal teens going to school in mainstream
society are more accepting and approving of homosexuals
Pg. 58 - Religion remains the influencing variable

TREND TRACKING

- percentage of teens who say they never have had sex has
increased from 51% to 56%

WHAT IT ALL MEANS

-few defend casual recreational sex most demand love be

present these are healthy signs
 - religious teens not bending on public opinion or peer pressure,
may be able to provide a key tip on what lies at the heart of
premarital sex and define the word love

CHAPTER FOUR SUMMARY

Pg. 63 - they are real and should be taken seriously

Pg. 64 - Post World War Two Boomers could now turn their attention to
the quality of life issues
- education and career took a lot of their time
- time had grown scarce people said the pace of life had
increased
- education and career was bought at the expense of family etc.
Pg. 65 - Boomers have the highest level of divorce
- the Boomers feel collectively less fulfilled than the pre-Boomers
- millennials left with a lot of to do stickers i.e. school, teachers,
relationships, parents, money, looks, future

Pg. 66 MILLENNIALS RESPONSE

- two top concerns

1) pressure to do well = 75%
2) what are they going to do when they are finished school =
68%
other concerns
3) lack of money
4) lack of time
5) worried about loosing friends
6) boredom
7) looks
8) so many changes
9) purpose of life
10) not being as intelligent as they would like to be
11) troubled by issues associated with parents marriage
12) relationships not having a girlfriend or boyfriend
13) weight, depression, loneliness
14) diverse matters, (finances of family, parents so busy etc.
being bullied)

ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS?

Boomers legacy government departments specializing in enhancing

the well being of youth
a) multi faceted school programs i.e. drug use
 b) information industries i.e. teachers conventions

Pg. 68 government spends millions trying to facilitate millennials

TO WHOM DO THEY TURN

Pg. 69 - turn to family when they have a problem = friends as well

or both
- family and friends are the major reference points

THE SELF IMAGES

Pg. 70 - teens believe they are good persons

- teens believe they have a number of good qualities
- teens believe they are well liked

COMPETENCE AND APPEARANCE

- they feel they can do most things = 85% males and 75%
females
- they are good looking = 76%males and 61% females
Pg.71 -millennials feel very positive regarding themselves the males
more so than the females

THE VULNERABLES

Pg. 72 - some do not feel safe at home and feel at risk

- some do not feel safe at school

PERSONAL PROBLEMS AND VICTIMIZATION

- survey asks about drugs, depression, abuse, violence = good

news bad news results
Pg. 74 - decrease in serious problems over the past two decades
- but alcohol, drugs, depression suicide are still there
- some bullied, attacked, abused both physically and sexually, gang
violence

GETTING INTO TROUBLE

Pg. 74 drugs = access to drugs increased but the majority of teens

not using them
- marijuana use down, others steady
Pg. 75 - marijuana most used
 - support legalization of marijuana has weakened
- millennials less likely to smoke and drink

POLICE PROBLEMS

Pg. 76 - millennials say they try to stay out of trouble

- 83% have never had a run in with police and 9 in 10 of these
want to stay out of trouble
- 17% of teens who have had run ins of them 46% are not
trying to stay out of trouble
- 96% believe they are good people (not in trouble group)
- 85% (in trouble group) still define themselves as good people
- music, videos, etc. influence teens but the majority of teens do
not act on what the world has to say
Pg. 78 - teens still stigmatized while government is politically
correct in other areas

CORRELATIONS OF PERSONAL CONCERNS AND TROUBLES

- to do well = despite the size of community

- the pressure to do well is relatively high everywhere
- the positive self images and safety at school are highly uniform
across the country
- drug use somewhat higher in the North and in B.C. but varies
little by community size

LEVELS OF PERSONAL CONCERN

Pg. 74 - similar across school systems with public and Catholic

schools differing little from one another
- Quebec teens marginally less inclined than others to feel
pressure to do well at school
- secular private school students feel safer and also more apt to
do drugs
- students at private Christian schools tend to feel somewhat less
pressure to do well in school and to score the lower on the image
index less likely to be into drugs

Pg. 79 - The situation in faith schools =

- teens inclined to feel pressure to do well
- to feel safe at school
- far less likely to use drugs or have police problems
- if the teen attends services regularly they are less likely to
use drugs and get in trouble with the police

Pg. 80 - Immigrant teens =

 - less likely to have an encounter with the police and aspire to go
to university, spend time with family and have a close
relationship with their mothers
- less likely to commit violent behaviour and property
delinquency

COMPARISON WITH ADULTS AND TEENS FROM EARLIER DECADES

Pg. 81 -teens make the collective claim they are as happy

as any previous generation
- 1 in a 100 indicate they are not happy at all

W HAT IT ALL MEANS

Pg. 83 - Life is difficult but resources to facilitate teens are there

- teens are pressured by time, money, the need to succeed,
losing valued friends
- the question is will they become over stressed, over
caffeinated, over extended or will they look for more balance
- few rights of passage mark the journey, young people left
largely on their own, to let life circumstances and peers initiate
them
- struggles are not generational specific rather life cycle realities
these need to be supported and facilitated by adults

CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY

Pg. 85 - today there is a greater volume of information available

and readily accessible what are the emerging generation of
millennials doing with it
- educational institutions have multiplied
- educational levels have risen
- T.V. highly specialized
- the internet
- print, sound media - all very available to teens
- we have become an information economy

Pg. 87 - Bill Gates -= said he wanted to put a computer in every

home
- Ted Rogers = said he wanted a cell phone in the hand of every
Canadian
- by 2008 one cell phone was in 72% of Canadian homes

COMPUTERS AND TELEVISIONS

 - 98% of Canadians teens are using computers one hour a day or
more
- 96% of Canadian teens watch an hour or more of T.V. a day or
have it on in the background
Pg. 89 all is fairly even across the country

Few minor variations

- i.e. teens in the Prairie province less likely than elsewhere to be
on the computer 2 hours or more a day
- teens in Manitoba more likely than others to spend that much
time watching T.V.
- teens in the larger cities i.e. Toronto to be on their computers
more than those in small communities
- T.V. viewing no significant difference by community size
- no significant difference between males and females regarding
computer and T.V. use
- private secular schooled teens more likely than others to be on
computers and not in front of T.V. sets
- other faithed schooled teens have high levels of computer use
and T.V. viewing
- Private Christian schooled teens less computer use and T.V.
viewing than mainstream teens
- Aboriginal teens less computer use and more T.V. viewing
- family not significant
- less common for high or very low income homes to view T.V. 2
hours a day or more

EXAMINE THE IMPACT

Pg. 91 - despite the increase in information only a small increase

in the number of teens who say they keep up with the news
- since 2000 slight increase in the tendency for young people to
follow the news
Pg. 92 5 in 10 teens follow world events closely
- 3 in 10 teens follow medical developments and Canadian
politics
- 2 in 10 teens follow American politics, developments in
Afghanistan and Iraq

- 48% of teens say the average Canadian does not have any
influence on what government does
- 66% of teens believe the average teen does not have any
influence

- teens feel marginalized in the political process thus they focus

on relationships as this impacts on them and is relevant
BASIC RELIGIOUS LITERACY

- teens asked some generic points of information in the public

domain
1) name sacred book of Islam
2) founding father of Judaism
3) who denied Christ three times

2008 correct responses to religious literacy questions

#1 30%
#2 10%
#3 22%
- these percentages are down from the 1984 test
- the news here is that more time does not mean people will get
follow events more closely together
Pg. 94 - the thought was the more time teens use their computers
or watch T.V. ,
the more they would follow the news
- this proved not to be true
The News Here
-more tools does not necessarily mean people will follow events
more closely
- when teens use their cell phones, text messaging, facebook,
email, YouTube
this does not mean that they are more likely to be following
breaking news
- only YouTube and e-mail are even slightly associated with the
inclination to keep up with the news
- in 2005 = of the adults 50% are using the internet were reading
following social and political issues by reading newspapers and
magazines online
- teens in Saskatoon, Manitoba and the North less likely to follow
the news closely
- Quebec teens are more likely to keep up with the news
- Northern teens show an interest in Canadian politics and
Afghanistan
- the larger the community, the more likely the teens are to keep
up with the news
CAUTION
- in 2007 65% of residences in small towns or rural areas access
the internet and 76% of urban residences access the internet

Pg. 97 French and English Quebec public school systems are more
inclined to follow the news
- Private Christian schools are less interested in the news
 - Catholic and public schools report interest in the news
- other faith school interested in news at a fairly high level i.e.
the environment, world events, Canadian politics, Afghanistan

TREND TRACKING

Pg. 93 Teens less likely than adults of all ages to report they are
following the news
- older generation has more interest in the news it seems to be
a life-stage phenomenon
- suggests intergenerational changes
- could the younger generation be becoming less inclined than
the earlier generations to have an early and life long interest in
what is going on around them

TEENS AND INFORMATION EQUIPMENT

Pg.99 -is the technology and information for their primary use on a
personal level rather than for a collective purpose
- we are a global family available to each other
- power of medium is being used for relational and entertainment
purposes
Pg. 100- will teens get the wisdom and the motivation needed to
respond