Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

1 +, 1 + 01 ' 5
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
The Right to Information, The Right to Live Step Out From the Old to the New

IS 4092-1 (1992): Centrifuges of the basket and bowl and

vibrating type for use in industrial and commercial
application, Part 1: General requirements [MED 17: Chemical
Engineering Plants and Related Equipment]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B


BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
 IS 4092 ( Part 1 ) : 1992
(Reaffirmed 2003)

( yTT qwml )
Indian Standard
CENTRIFUGES OF THE BASKET AND BOWL
AND VIBRATING TYPE FOR USE IN
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(Second Revision )

UDC 62 1.928-3

@ BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

November 1992 Price Group 10

i
Chemical Engineering Plants and Related Equipment Sectional Committee, HMD 17

FOREWORD
The Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after
the draft finalized by the Chemical Engineering Plants and Related Equipment Sectional
Committee had been approved by the Heavy Mechanical Engineering Division Council.
This standard was originally issued in 1971, and revised in 1984. The title has been altered
and the scope has been extended to include all machines using centrifugal action to separate
two or more substances, excepting high speed gas centrifuges used for the enrichment of fissile
material. Centrifuges used in the processing of nuclear fuel should in general conform to this
standard. There may be other specific requirements relating to the radiation efiect open non-
metals and lubricants, criticality and remote control.
The aim of this standard is to specify the materials and methods of manufacture, operating
procedures and accessories required for the safe operation of centrifuges and also to ensure
sufficient information is made available from the manufacturer and user to enable an inspection
authority to determine the degree of safety and hence the suitability of the equipment for the
duty.
Materials of construction listed are in current general use. The allowable stresses have been
brought in line with current practice.
In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications:
BS 767 : 1983 Centrifuges of the basket and bowl type for use in the industrial and
commercial applications issued by the British Standards Institution.
BS 5304 : 1988 Code, of practice for safety of machinery issued by the British Standards
Institution.
The standard is likely to be issued in several parts. This Part I of the standard covers general
requirements of the basket and bowl type ( Vibrating type ) centrifuges, the other parts are
expected to cover design and performance requirements.
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

Indian Standard
CENTRIFUGES OF THE BASKET AND BOWL
AND VIBRATING TYPE FOR USE IN
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(Second Revision )

1 SCOPE IS No. Title

1.1This Indian Standard ( Part 1 ) specifies 4682 Part 3 Lead lining

design, materials, methods of construction, ( Part 3 ) : 1969
inspection and testing of centrifuges of the 4682 Part 4. Plasticized PVC
basket and bowl and vibrating types for use in ( Part 4 ) : 1969
industrial and commercial applications. To
assist manufacturers and users to fulfil their 4682 Part 5 Epoxide resin lining
obligations towards Health and Safety, infor- (Part 5 ) : 1970
mation is included covering safe access and 4682 Part 6 Phenolic resin lining
safe working. Additional provisions necessary ( Part 6 ) : 1970
for handling highly flammable and/or toxic
substances are also included. 4682 Part 7 Corrosion and heat
( Part 7 ) : 1974 resistant metals
1.2 Tube and bottle type centrifuges as used in
laboratories are excluded from this standard. 4682 Part 8 Precious metals
High speed gas centrifuges used for the ( Part 8 ) : 1974
enrichment of fissile material are also excluded. 4682 Part 9 Titanium
1.3 The handling of explosive or biologically ( Part 9 ) : 1974
hazardous materials and also the use of non; 46g2 Part 10 Brick and tile.
metallic material for stressed parts of rotating ( Part 10 ) : 1974
assemblies is outside the scope of this standard.
10988 : 1984 Method of measuring noise
2 REFERENCES from machine tools ( exclud-
ing testing in anechoic
2.1 The following Indian standards are neces- chambers )
sary adjuct to this standard:
11723 : 1985 Balance quality of rotating
IS No. Title rigid bodies
554 : 1985 Dimensions for pipe threads 3 DEFINITIONS
where pressure-tight joints
are made on threads ( third For the purpose of this standard the following
revision ) definitions shall apply.
2825 : 1969 Code for unfired pressure
3.1 Centrifuge
vessels
4682 Code of practice for lining A machine in which extraction or separation
( Part 1 ) : 1968 of vessels and equipment for of a liquid from a solid and/or separation of
chemical processes: Part 1 immiscible fluids is achieved by centrifugal
Rubber lining action.
4682 Part 2 Glass enamel lining NOTE - Illustrations of some basic types of
( Part 2 ) : 1969 centrifuges are given in Annex A.

1
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

3.2 Batch Centrifuge 3.11 Rotor

A machine that processes a discrete batch of The part of the centrifuge that rotates, com-
feed material. It may be automated to go prising basket or bowl and spindle together
through a sequence of feeding, washing, with attachments.
and spinning. Solids discharge may be
either automatic, the solids being removed 3.12 Casing
either at full speed or at a low speed, or the
machine may be stopped for manual removal The stationary casing surrounding the basket
of the material, solid waste or product. or bowl, adapted to receive the separated
products and having means for their discharge.
3.3 Continuous Centrifuge 3.13 Plough
A machine that takes a continuous feed of
A device for the removal of centrifuged solids
material, giving a continuous discharge of
from the rotating basket or bowl.
liquor. Solids are removed either continuously
or intermittently
3.14 Screw Conveyor
3.4 Pusher Centrifuge A helical screw device mounted either within
the bowl or basket and rotating concentrically
A continuous filtering machine with an oscillat-
with it or statically mounted as part of the
ing mechanism for discharge of solids.
casing so as to feed or discharge solids.
3.5 Decanter Centrifuge 3.15 Hoops
A continuous sedimentation machine with an
Rings secured to the outer periphery of a
internal screw mechanism for removal of
centrifuge basket to give extra strength.
settled solids from a rotating bowl.
3.16 Bumping Ring
3.6 Disc Bowl Centrifuge
A device to limit radial movement of the
3.6.1 A continuously fed sedimentation mach- rotor. The bowl or shaft will normally run
ine provided with a number of equally spaced freely within the bumping ring.
conical discs between which the feed passes.
SoIids are removed from the bowl either 3.17 Screen
manually, or as a slurry via nozzles or by a
bowl opening mechanism. A medium, usually metallic, used as an alter-
native to a cloth within the rotating assembly
3.7 Textile Centrifuge for the purpose of solids retention or as a
support for a filter cloth.
A machine used in dry cleaning, laundering
and textile processes to extract liquid from 3.18 Cover or Closure for Basket
textile materials or articles.
A detachable cover fitted in a centrifuge
3.8 Basket basket that holds the contents in position
during rotating and is used to facilitate manual
That part. of a centrifuge, arranged to rotate loading of the basket or lifting out of a filter
about its axis, having a perforate shell in bag.
which the liquid is separated from the solid
component. 3.19 Inspection Cover or Port
An integral part of the centrifuge casing that
3.9 Bowl
is bolted, clamped or otherwise secured before
That part of a centrifuge arranged to rotate the rotor is set in motion. It may be removed
about its axis, having an imperforate shell for or opened for maintenance, inspection, lubrica-
the separation of immiscible liquids and/or the tion or cleaning purposes.
sedimentation of solids.
3.20 Cover ( or Lid )
3.10 Spindle
A plate or door forming part of the casing
The shaft or shafts on which the basket or that, when closed or secured, prevents persons
bowl is carried. from coming into contact with moving parts,

2
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

from becoming entangled with any material in at which the rotor is expected to revolve either
motion within and from being splashed or continuously or at each part of a multi-speed
affected by fumes from the machine. programme.
3.21 Interlock 3.30 Permissible Speed of a Centrifuge
A device using mechanical, electrical, pneu- The maximum allowable speed of the rotor
matic or hydraulic components, or any determined from stress considerations allowing
combination of these, that prevents an action the appropriate factor of safety.
or motion taking place until some specified
safe or predetermined condition has been 3.31 Frame
established. In addition, its;:! normally The major stationary part that supports the
continue to prevent an situation rotor. The centrifuge casing is normally
occurring. mounted on the frame.
3.22 Classification of Hazardous Areas 3.32 Highly Stressed Parts
An international system that recognizes three
Those parts where the calculated stress is
orders of probability of fire explosion associa-
equal to or above 75 percent of the maximum
ted with the possible presence of flammable permitted stress.
gases or vapours in a geographical area, namely
Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 in decreasing order 3.33 Medium Stressed Parts
of severity.
Those parts where the calculated stress is
3.23 Combustion below 75 percent and above 50 percent of the
Consumption by oxidation, with the production maximum permitted stress.
of heat,usually with incandescence or flame or
both. 3.34 Low Stressed Parts
Those parts where the calculated stress is
3.24 Flammable equal to or below 50 percent of the maximum
Capable of burning in air with a flame. permitted stress.

3.25 Highly Flammable 4 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

Any substance that gives off a flammable 4.1 General
vapour at a temperature of less than 32C and
Materials shall conform to appropriate Indian
when tested in the specified way for combusti-
standards. lhe manufacturer and user shall
bility, supports combustion.
agree a specification including chemical anaysis
3.26 Flash Point and mechanical properties required when
materials chosen are other than those specified
The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives in Indian Standards.
off sufficient flammable vapour in air to pro-
duce a flash on the application of a small They shall also agree the amount and type of
flame. testing needed to demonstrate that the agreed
specifications are met.
3.27 Inert Gas
NOTE - Safety is dependent upon the integrity
A gas that cannot support combustion. ( For of the rotating assembly. No level of contain-
practical purposes, usually nitrogen, but argon, ment is specified.
flue gas or carbon dioxide are occasionally used
when suitable and available ). 4.2 Major Parts

3.28 Inert Gas Blanket 4.2.1 Rotating Parts

A system where the oxygen content within an Major parts of centrifuges subject to stress
due to speed of rotation shall be manufactured
enclosure is reduced by the use of an inert gas
to a concentration at which an explosive from a ductile material having an elongation
of not less than I2 percent and an impact test
atmosphere cannot form.
value of not less than 25 J at 20C. Any heat
3.29 Operating Speed of a Centrifuge treatment to which the unit has been subjected
shall be recorded by the machine manufacturer
The speed measured in revolution per unit time and made available to the user on request.

3
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

4.2.2 Parts Subject to Corrosion, Abrasion, example abrasive, corrosive, erosive, high or
Erosion or Low Temperature Conditions low temperature.
Shall be manufactured from a material speci-
fied in Indian Standard where available. 5 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

4.2.2.1 Materials for use at sub-zero tempera- 5.1 Casting, Forging Rolling or Welding
tures shall meet the design requirements at the
minimum operating temperature. Basket and bowl cylindrical and conical
sections shall be made from castings, forgings
NOTE - The manufacture of stressed Parts of or rolled and welded fabrications.
rotating assemblies in non-metallic materials is not
covered by this standard.
5.2 Bolting and Riveting
4.2.3 Testing of Materials Where basket or bowl cylindrical and conical
Test shall be made on the materials for major shells are joined to the ends by bolting
items of construction to establish that the or riveting, the manufacturer shall state the
specified property requirements are fulfilled design stress to be applied to bolts or rivets
and that the materials comply with the relevant during assembly.
standard. NOTE? - The means by which this stress may be
determined should be agreed between the manu-
NOTE -The values given in 4.2.1 refer to tests on facturer and the user.
separately cast or forged test pieces.
5.3 Fabrication by Welding
Calculations of the bowl/basket strength and
the certificates of physical properties and 5.3.1 Welding for highly stressed parts and
chemical analysis shall be made available to welders approval shall be done in accordance
the customer upon request. The request shall with 6.7 aud 7.2 of IS 2825 : 1969. Welded
be made at the time of enquiry. joints shall comply with 6.2 of IS 2825 : 1969.
If pre or post-heat-treatment is necessary it
4.3 Protective Lining Materials and Surface shall be as per 6.12 of IS 2825 : 1969. There
Coverings shall be 100 percent NDT in accordance with
4.3.1 Testing of Lining 8.7 of IS 2825 : 1969 after all heat treatment
is completed. Defects shall be assessed as per
Inspection and test procedures specified in 8 of IS 2825 : 1969.
IS : 4682 ( Parts 1 to 10 ) shall be used, or in
the case of a thick lined basket or bowl with On completion of heat treatment, radiographic
non-conductive lining the procedure given or ultransonic examination shall be carried
in 4.3.2 shall be adopted. out, as given in either ( a ) or ( b ).
NOTE - Lining materials and surface coverings (a) A minimum of 10 percent of the weld
arc not specified but for guidance general require- length shall be subject to radiographic
ments are listed in Appendix B. or ultrasonic examination; this exa-
mination shall be carried out at all
4.3.2 Procedure welded joint intersections and on part
Partially submerge the basket, with its spindle of every seam. Where an opening
in a horizontal position, in water containing occurs in any welded seam or within
less than O-1 percent of sulphuric acid! the a distance equal to the metal
spindle being above the Ievel of the hquid. thickness, radiographic or ultrasonic
Apply a voltage of not less than 1000 V a.c. examination shall be carried out at
between the spindle ( which is electrically each side of the opening over a length
connected to the metal of which the basket is of approximately 100 mm.
composed ) and the liquid, and rotate the
basket slowly through one revolution. No (b) A 10: percent radiographic or ultrasonic
defect in the covering shall become visible examination shall be carried out on a
during the test. random 10 percent of any batch.

4.4 Materials for Casings and Other Wetted 5.3.2 The welding of low stressed parts shall
Components be in accordance with written procedures and
shall be subject to visual inspection. The
Material for casings and other wetted compo- acceptance criteria for defects shall form part
nents shall be chosen to suit the duty, for of or be appended to the written procedure.

4
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

5.3.3 Visual examination shall accompany all Each type of basket or bowl designed in
non-destructive testing and the examination accordance with this subclause shall be tested
result shall be recorded. A non-destructive to demonstrate the integrity of the type and
testing specification shall be provided by the this test shall include a test at a speed and
manufacturer for each centrifuge type. load sufficient to produce 125 percent of the
design stress for 30 min.
5.4 Repair of Defects
7 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Where examination reveals unacceptable
defects 100 percent examination shall be made. 7.1 Casing
The rectification of unacceptable defects shall
be carried out using a written approved method The casing including doors, covers, lids and
and shall be subjected to the same examination their fixings shaI1 be secured either to the frame
as the original work using the same acceptance of the machine or the foundation and shall be
criteria. sufficient to robust and of a suitable thickness
to meet the duties specified and other predicted
6 STRENGTH OF BASKETS OR BOWLS conditions. The thickness of any lining shaIl
be in addition to the case thickness. A bump-
6.1 Cylindrical Baskets or Bowls
ing ring shall be fitted to the casing of any
The strength of cylindrical baskets or bowls centrifuge if the basket is liable to oscillate
shall be determined using the methods of stress relative to the casing.
analysis specified in Annex C.
The casing shall provide adequate sealing
The shells shall be of uniform thickness and against leakage of process fluid, gas or vapour.
shall be either unperforated or have round
perforations. 7.2 Basket or Bowl Construction

The ratio of shell thickness/basket radius shall 7.2.1 Hoops

be not greater than 0.1.
The basket or bowl shall be either unhooped
The maximum permitted stress ( ft ) shall not or hooped. When hooped the spacing shall be
exceed the smaller of the following two values : symmetrical.
ft < 05fy 7.2.2 Joins in Basket or Bowl Material
ft < @33fR
The manufacturer shall provide to the user
where
evidence that the method of joining shell
fR the ultimate tensile strength (in N/mm2); material is adequate for the proposed duty.
fy the yield point stress for steels with
marked yield point ( in N/mm8 ), 01 7.2.3 Perforations and Holes
0.2 y0 proof stress for steels without Perforations and holes shall be drilled or shall
marked yield points ( in N/mm2 ), or be produced by a method that induces stresses
I.0 y0 proof stress for austenitic steel no higher than those caused by drilling.
( in N/mm2 ).
NOTE - If the calculated circumferential stress
6.2 Other Baskets or Bowls is below 60 N/mm3 holes or perforations may be
punched.
The criteria to be used in assessing calculated
stresses shall be in accordance with Annex A 7.3 Spindle and Couplings
of IS 2825 : 1969.
NOTES The spindle and couplings shall be shown to
1 A finite element technique is considered to be the be adequate for the maximum driving and
most suitable for stress analysis of a rotating basket braking torque and for the manufacturers
or bowl. specified out-of-balance loads.
2 The purchaser and the manufacturer should agree
at the time of the order the fatigue design conditions, 7.4 Drives
if any, to be evaluated having regard to the
available service experience and experimental For batch centrifuges, the duty cycle and rating
information.
of the machine shall be agreed to between the
The maximum permitted stress shall be deter- centrifuge manufacturer, motor manufacturer
mined from the equations given in 6.1. and user.

5
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

7.5 Balancing and Limits of Vibration shall include information on gearboxes, solids
removal equipment, lubrication and sealing
7.5.1 Rotor Balance systems.
The centrifuge manufacturer shall state the 7.9 Screw Threads
balance quality of a rotor in accordance with
IS 11723 : 1985 in the new condition and, if Screw threads shall be consistent throughout
different, the permissible value to which a used the machine and to IS 554 : 1985.
rotor should be balanced. The method of
achieving balance shall be clearly visible on an 7.10 Connections
assembled rotor and shall be recorded at the The centrifuge manufacturer shall state the
time it is applied. The manufacturer shall maximum force and movement to which
indicate zones where corrective balancing connections may be subjected in compression,
action may be applied and state his recommen- tension, bending and torque.
ded method of achieving balance.
Centrifuges located on anti-vibrational mount-
7.5.2 Vibration Intensity ings or vibration isolators require all connec-
tions to the machine to be sufficiently flexible
The limits of vibration intensity as specified to accommodate predicted movements.
in Indian Standard for vibration levels for
machine tools ( under preparation ) appro- 7.11 Foundations
priate, vibration amplitude at which the
machine may be allowed to operate, shall be The machine manufacturer shall provide, on
stated by the centrifuge manufacturer. request by the user, recommendations in the
form of drawings showing forces on founda-
7.6 Locking and Fatigue Strength of Bolted Parts tions and the recommended methods of
attaching machines to the foundations. In
7.6.1 Rotating Piu-ts particular manufacturers shall give information
on the forcing frequencies to which the
Bolted connections on all rotating parts shall foundation will be subjected.
be locked, by tab washer, spring washers,
locking wire, or upsetting ( peening ), double 7.12 Over-Pressure Protection
nuts shall not be used. All bolting on rotors
shall be to an agreed fatigue resistant design. Where required by the user the maximum
The manufacturer shall state the required allowable operating pressure for the centrifuge
torque loading or necessary bolt extension in casing shalI be stated by the manufacturer.
the maintenance manual. The design contractor and user shall ensure
that the centrifuge casing is provided with
7.6.2 Stationary Parts an over-pressure protection device. Sources
of possible over-pressure from associated
Bolts fitted to stationary parts which, if they equipment, for example feed systems, product
should loosen, could come into contact with discharge systems dryers and wash supplies,
the rotor, shall be to a fatigue resistant design shall be considered. The manufacturer shall
and shall be locked. also provide over-pressure protection for any
other pressurised system on the centrifuge such
7.7 Direction and Speed of Rotation as an oil lubrication system where appropriate.
7.7.1 General 8 GUARDS, INTERLOCKS AND SAFE
The direction of rotation, and the permissible WORKING
speed shall be marked on the machine in a 8.0 Principles to be used and the methods
permanent manner ( see 15 ). that may be applied in safeguarding the
machinery shall be according to relevent
7.7.2 Measurement Indian Standards wherever available. A person
Suitable provision shall be made for the may be injured at centrifuges as a result of for
measurement of the speed of rotation. example :

7.8 Accessories
4 Corning into contact with, or being
trapped by the machinery;
All accessories required for the safe operation b) being struck, trapped or entangled in
of the centrifuge at the required duty shall or by any materia1 in motion in the
be specified by the centrifuge manufacturer and machinery;

6
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

Cl being struck by parts of the machinery b) prevent feed valves opening on the first
ejected from it; or subsequent cycles until the basket
is rotating at its normal feed speed, and
d) being struck by material ejected from the plough is in the parked position.
the machinery;
e) being scalded, burned or splashed by 8.2.6 A centrifuge provided with an indepen-
liquids being fed to or ejected from the dent oil lubrication supply shall have an
machine; interlock to prevent the main drive starting
until the lubrication system is functional.
f ) being affected by gas or fumes from the Failure of the lubrication system shall trip the
machine. centrifuge drive and stop the feeds.

8.1 Guards 8.3 Other Safety Features

8.1.1 All doors, inspection covers, lids and 8.3.1 Any centrifuge operating on a duty likely
guards shall be secured by means which neces- to give excessive out-of-balance forces shall be
sitate the use of a tool for temoval unless fitted with a vibration alarm and a high vibra-
interIocks are provided in accordance with 8.2. tion trip which will initiate appropriate action
8.1.2 When the process conditions allow and to reduce the out-of-balance forces.
when it is necessary to wash down, feed pr
inspect whilst the machine is in motion, suit- NOTE - Consideration should be given to fitting
vibration monitoring equipment to all centrifuges.
able guarding shall be fitted to prevent persons
coming into contact with moving parts.
8.3.2 Centrifuge installations shall be effecti-
NOTE - Fixed guards should be used whenever vely earthed and any non-conducting sections
practicable. of pipework shall be bridged with an earth
conductor.
8.2 Interlocks
;XFe.- Drive belts of anti-static material should
8.2.1 Interlocks shall be designed to ensure
that the centrifuge remains in a safe condition
if the interlock or its power supply fails. 8.3.3 A rigid mechanical back-up stop shaIl be
provided for a ploughing type centrifuge to
8.2.2 Any centrifuge not protected as specified prevent the pIough blade tearing into the
in 8.1.1 shall be equipped with devices designed cloth or basket unless the design of the plough
to ensure that it cannot be started until doors, geometry inherently prevents this occurrence.
covers, lids and/or guards have been closed
and secured and that access cannot subse- 8.3.4 Electrical heaters fitted in the centrifuge
quently be gained until linear and rotational oil systems shall be rated at not more than
motion have ceased. 30 kW/ma and fitted with a high temperature
trip device.
Machines fitted with rotational sensing devices
shall be considered stopped at speeds below
9 rev/min. 8.3.5 A centrifuge drive shall be so designed
that in the event of a trip it can only be
8.2.3 If a drive mechanism is employed which manually re-started.
is capable of driving the centrifuge at a speed
higher than its permissible speed, a speed 8.3.6 The application of any brake shall auto-
control and an overspeed prevention device matically isolate the main drive mechanism
shall be provided. unless the drive system is used as a brake.
8.2.4 When a basket type centrifuge is fitted 8.3.7 Centrifuges incorporating a lift-out
with a low speed plough discharge device, an basket and/or a lift-out basket lid arrangement
interlock shall be fitted to avoid the possibility shall have devices to prevent start-up until the
of the plough operating at a basket speed higher basket and/or lid have been correctly located
than that for which it was designed. and locked into position.
8.2.5 For a ploughing type centrifuge, inter-
NOTE - Consideration should be given to the
lock shaI1 be fitted which will : provision of adequately sized inspection windows,
fixed light with internal wash or scraper facility
a) prevent the starting of the main drive of and the provision of internal casing flush facilities
the centrifuge unless the plough unit is in to obviate the necessity of opening up the machine
the parked ( that is, withdrawn ) position. for process reasons.

7
IS 4092 ( Part 1 ) : 1992

9 NOISE LEVEL 10.2 Oxygen Concentrations for Inert Gas

Blanket Systems
9.1 Installation, Maintenance and Operation
The following upper limits of concentration
The supplier shall provide information, on the shall not be exceeded ( see 10.1 ) :
correct method of installation, maintenance,
and use to control noise and details of noise Start-up of centrifuge drive 2%
levels measured in accordance with IS 10988 : Automatic shut-off of feed and/or
1984. wash supplies, with alarm 5%
NOTE - Machines should be designed, constructed Automatic trip of machine drive 8%
installed and maintained so as to perform their
function as quietly as is reasonably practicable. 10.3 Other Safety Features for Handling
10 PROCESSING FLAMMABLE MATERIALS Flammable Materials

10.0 This clause deals with the processing of 10.3.1 Inert gas feed points shall be located
flammable materials. The processing of explo- to avoid stagnant vapour pockets during the
sive materials is cutside the scope of this initial purge.
standard. Levels of risk are detailed in NOTES
Annex D. 1 Separate lines may be necessary to feed inside
10.1 General the basket, product chute, casing and bearing
housing. _
10.1.1 Where a high level of risk exists an 2 It is essential to ensure that precautions are taken
inert gas blanket system shall be provided to prevent air entering the centrifuge system during
operation, for example, through feed or wash routes,
together with an interlock system designed to inspection ports, sampling points labyrinth seals
prevent the machine being started until the etc.
oxygen within the machine has been reduced 3 It is essential to ensure that gas sample points
to a safe concentration. The oxgen content are sited to ensure that representative samples are
shall be monitored continually unless a pre- obtained and short circuiting from inert gas supply
points is avoided.
ssure and flow controlled purging system is
4 Provision should be made to prevent over-
used. A pressure and flow controlled system pressurizing the centrifuge or its oil system by the
shall be monitored by external means at speci- inert gas supply.
fied intervals.
10.3.2 An atmosphere which is safe to breathe
The system shall provide an extra flow of inert shall be provided inside a machine having an
gas the oxygen content increases above the inert gas system whenever internal access is
alarm condition given in 10.4. Automatic required. An interlock shall be provided to
isolation of feeds and machine drive shall be prevent the flow of inert gas when a machine
provided if the oxygen concentration exceeds is opened as part of its normal operation.
a specified level or the purging system faiIs. Other machines shall have provision to
prevent the flow of inert gas whenever they are
NOTE - Vibration sensing, a vibration alarm and
high vibration trip should be fitted. It is essential open.
to ensure that the trip initiates appropriate action
to reduce the vibration. 10.3.3 Machines provided with friction brakes
or clutches shall be designed to minimize the
10.1.2 Where a moderate level of risk exists an risk of process fluid ingress to the clutch/brake
inert gas blanket system shaI1 be provided. housing which shall be purged with solvent
free air provided by an independent ventilating
NOTES fan interlocked electrically with the main
1 Precautions should be taken at start-up ( for drive. A friction clutch or brake shall be
example, by use of a portable oxygen analyser ) to
ensure that the oxyen has been reduced to a safe contained in a housing sealed from the process
concentration. During operation the oxygen content fluid and supplied with a purge gas flow.
of the machine should be monitored once every The purged condition shall be maintained
working shift. when the machine is in operation.
2 Vibration sensing should be fitted (see Note to
10.1.1 ). NOTE -Friction brakes and clutches should be
avoided where possible to reduce the risk of spar-
10.1.3 Where a low level of risk exists precau- king and overheating.
tions shall be taken to avoid any temperature 10.3.4 Where a centrifuge is fitted with a
which could produce a flammable atmosphere. friction brake, an interlock shall be provided
NOTE - Consideration should be given to fitting to prevent the centrifuge from being set in
vibration monitoring equipment. motion until the brake is released. The

8
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

application of any such brake shall auto- radiographic ( or equivalent ) examinations of

matically isolate the main drive mechanism. stressed welds in bowls or baskets where a
weld factor greater than 0.8 has been used in
11 PROCESSING TOXIC MATERIALS the stress calculations given in C-3.2.2.

11.1 The centrifuge system shall be designed The manufacturer shall provide evidence that
to prevent the release of materials harmful all linings meet the test requirements of 4.3.1.
to health into the work area and to allow the
machine to be maintained safely. The degree 12.1.3 Centrifuge
of containment shall be related to the potential
hazard including the toxicity of the material Casing pressure, lubrication system and seals
and to any relevant threshold limit values or system tests shall be carried out where appli-
other hygiene standards. cable.
NOTES
Dynamic tests shall be carried out up to the
1 The main areas where leaks occur are : permissible speed to ensure that the centrifuge
a) joints and seals; meets the mechanical design specifications.
b) flexible connections; These test shall include the following and
c) feed and discharge conveying equipment. the results shall be available to the user on
2 The main areas where hazards to maintenance
request:
operators accur are:
a) starting time;
d) crevices and inaccessible locations;
b) stopping time;
e) poor surface finish;
f) trapped toxic material. c) vibration severity;
d) noise level;
Leaks may be reduced by operating below
atmospheric pressure inside the machine. e) the correct functioning of controls,
Any pressure relief device or extraction system interlocks and monitoring instruments.
shall vent to a safe place.
NOTES
11.2 There shall be provision to decontaminate
1 The manufacturer should afford the purchaser or
a machine and check that a safe condition has his representative all reasonable facilities, including
been achieved before maintenance work starts. access to the works during manufacture to verify
If both toxic and flammable conditions exist that the centrifuge is in accordance with this Indian
in the machine then the provisions of clause 10 Standard.
shall apply in addition to the requirements 2 Manufacturers should supply the labour and
specified in 11. appliances for such testing as may be carried out
on their premises to satisfy the purchaser that the
NOTES materials used for the construction of the basket
comply with the relevant specifications. In the
1 In order to comply with 11 it is essential to ensure absence of facilities at their own works for making
the system operates above atmospheric pressure. the prescribed tests, the manufacturer shall arrage
2 The provision of secondary enclosures ( for exam- for the tests to be carried out elsewhere. The
ple, special rooms or ventilated cabinets ) or siting certificate of tests supplied by the manufacturer of
in well ventilated areas may be necessary. Regular the materials may be used as evidence that the
monitoring of the work area is essential to check materials used comply with the relevant specifica-
that the permissible concentration of the toxic tions.
material is not higher than expected. 3 The manufacturer should make available all facili-
ties for any additional inspection and test required
12 INSPECTION AND TESTING by the purchaser as given in F-l.6 ( c ) provided the
purchaser indicated, at the time the order is placed,
12.1 Test at Manufacturers Work that he wished to avail himself of the provisions
contained in this clause.
12.1.1 Materials
The manufdcturer shall provide evidence, when 12.2 Site Tests
requested at the time of enquiry, the materials
used in the construction of the centrifuge The manufacturer and user shall agree the
comply with the property requirements of 4. tests to be carried out to verify that the
centrifuge meets design performance.
12.1.2 Assemblies
NOTE - Recommendations for periodic examina-
The manufacturer shall provide evidence of tion and testing are listed in Annex E.

9
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

ANNEX A
( Clause 3.1 )

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME BASIC TYPES OF CENTRIFUGE

A-l Centrifuges may be used to separate solids Table 1 List of Figures Illustrating Basic
from liquids by filtration or sedimentation. Types of Centrifuge
They may also be used, to separate immiscible
fluids with or without mass transfer between ( Clause A-l )
the phases, and possibly with facilities for Types of Centrifuges Figure
solids removal as an added variant.
Textile centrifuge 1
Filtration machines :
Centrifuges used in the laundry, textile and dry a) Batch centrifuges
cleaning industries separate solids ( fabric ) 1) Three point suspension manual
from liquid ( wash water or solvent ) by cent- discharge 2
rifugal filtration. Figure 1 is an illustration 2) Automatic discharge
i) Pendulum
of a textile centrifuge. Subsequent illustrations ii) Horizontal spindle :
show filtration and sedimentation machines, iii) Three point suspension 5
each category subdivided into batch and con- b) Continuous centrifuges
tinuous versions. The list of illustrations is 1) Basket centrifuges with extraction
not exclusive; most of the common forms of screw conveyor
2) Pusher 7
machine are shown, but each type can usually 3) Self discharge conical 8
be provided with several variations in detailed
design to suit the intended process application. Sedimentation machines :
a) Batch centrifuges
A list of figures illustrating basic types of 1) Three point suspension 9
centrifuges is given in Table 1. 2) Tubular bowl
3) Chamber bowl ::
4) Disc bowl 12
b) Continuous centrifuges
1) Nozzle discharge disc 13
2) Opening bowl
3) Solid bowl decanter :::
Combined sedimentation and filtration
machine, screen bowl decanter 16

11
I8 4092(Part1):1992
(32) (33)

1 Baseplate or stand
4 Casing
5 Cover or lid
8
9 Spindle
11 Drive mozoi
15 Basket
32 Securmg and locking
device to: 33
33 Cover for bcrket top
24 Liquid outlet

FIG. 1 TEXTILECENTRIFUGE

(5) (2?) (21) (7) (16) ri,

1 Baseplate of stend
2 Bearing support
3 Suspension column
4 Casmg
5 Cover or lid
7 lnspectlon port
9 Spindle
10 Driven pulley
11 Drive motor
1L Drwing pulley
15 Basket
16 gasket lip
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pipe
24 Liquid outlet

PIG. 2 THRBBPOINTSUSPENSION,
MANUALDISCHARGE,
BATCHCENTRIFUGE,
FILTRATION
MACHINE

12
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

4 Casing
6 Cover or lid
8 Suspension
9 Spindle
11 Drive motor
13 Brake
15 Basket
21 Feed pipe
23 Solids outlet
24 Liquid outlet
26 Plough

PIG. 3 PaNnllr TIM. AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE, BATCH CENTRIFUGB, FILTRATION MACHm

2. Bearing su~por
4 Casing
5 Cover or lid
9 Spindle
10 Driven pulley
13 Brake
16 Basket
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pipa
23 Solids outlet
24 Liquid outlet
26 Plough

FIG. 4 HORIZONTAL SPINDLE, AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE, BATCH CENTRIFUGE, FILTRATION MACHINE

13
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

(26) (5) (21) (22) (7) (16)

1 Baseplate or stand
3 Suspension column
4 Casing
5 Cover or lid
7 Inspection port
9 Spindle
10 Driven pulley
11 Drive motor
12 Driving pulley
15 Basket
16 Basket lip
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pope
23
24
26
Solids outlet
Llqwd outler
Plough
\ I
(i2) ti)
I
(lb, (i3)
I (5
I \ (i&I
FIG. 5 THREEPOINTSUSPENSION,AUTOMATEDISCHARGE,
BATCHCENTRIFUGE,
FILTRATION
MACHINE

1 Baseplate
4 Casing
11 Drive motor
14 Reducer
15 Basket
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pipe
23 Sollds outlet
24 Liquid outlet
25 Extraction screw 1 conveyor
1241 Ii31 ri)
FIG. 6 CENTRIFUGE
BASKET WITHEXTRACTION SCREWCONVEYOR,CONTINUOUS
CENTRIFUGE,
FILTRATIONMACHINE

14
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992
D) (15) (4) (21)

I \ \ \

(10)
(32)
\ \

Baseplate
: Bearing support
4 Casing
Casing door
95 Spindle
10 Driven pulley
15 Basket
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pipe
23 Solids outlet (34)
24 Liquid outlet
27 Pusher
28 Pusher shaft

(11
32 Pusher mechanism
33 Motor base plate
oil chamber
Filtering element
Feed cone

FIG. 7 PUSHER,
CONTINUOUS
CENTRIFUGE,
FILTRATION
MACHINE

3 Suspension column
4 Casing
5 Cover or lid
7 lnspecrlon porr
8 Susoenslon
9 SpIndie
10 Driven pulley (24)
11 Drive motor
15 Basket
21 Feed pipe . , I I \;)r
22 Wash pipa (231 J
23. Solids outlet
24 Liquid outlet 110)

FIG. 8 SELFDISCHARGE
CONICAL,CONTINUOUS
CENTRIFUGE,
FILTRATION
MACHINE

15
Is 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

1 Baseplate or stand
2 Bearing support
3 Suspension column
4 Casing
5 Cover or lid
7 Inspection pot-t
9 Spindle
10 Driwn pulley
11 Driw motor
12 Driving pulley
16 Lip
17 Bowl
21 Feed pipe
24 Liquid outlet
36 Skimmer pipe

FIG. 9 THREEPOINT SUSPENSION,

BATCHCENTRIFUGE,
SEDIMENTATION
MACHINE

(10) (12)

i24)

2 Bearing support
4 Casing
5 Lid
9 Spindle
10 Driven pulley
11 Drive motor
12 Drive pulley
17 Bowl
21 Feed pipe
24 Liquid outlet

FIG 10 TUBULARBOWL, BATCHCJNTRIFUGE,SEDIMENTATION

MACHINE
16
 Is 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

(24)

2 Bowing support
4 CarinQ
9 Spindle
17 Bowl
19 BowI hood
20 Main IockrinQ
21 Feedpipr
24 Liquid outbt

FIG. 1t CHAMBER BOWL,BATCHCBNTRIPUGE, SEDIMENTATION

MACHINE

17
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

Ill/
I (21)

(17I-

2 Bearing support
4 Casing
9 Spindle
17 Bowl
19 Bowl hood
20 Main lockring
21 Feudpipe
24 Liquid outlet

FIG. 12 Drsc BOWL, BATCH CENTRIFUGE, SEDIMENTATIONMACHINE

18
IS 4092 ( Part 1 ) : 1992

(20)

2 Bearing support
4 Casing
9 Spindle
17 Bowl
19 Bowl hood
20 Main lockring
21 Feed pip
23 Solids outlet
24 Liquid outlet
37 Bowl casing draw (231
FIG. 14 OPENINGBOWL CONTINUOUSCENTRIFUGE,
SEDIMENTATION
MACHINE

20
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

2 Bearing support
4 Cising
10 Driven pulley
14 Reducer
17 Bowl
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pipe
23 Solids outlet
24 Liquid outlet
25 Screw conveyor (23) (24) (21

PIG. 15 SOHD BOWL DECANTER

2 Bearing support
4 Casing
10 Driven pulley
14 Reducer
17 Bowl
21 Feed pipe
22 Wash pipe
23 Solids outlet
24 Liquid outlet
25 Screw conveyor
35 Filtering screen
37 Wash liquw outlet r3ir ( 241 (211

FIG. 16 COMBINED SEDIMENTATION

AND FILTRATIONMECHINB,SCREENBOWL DECANTER

21
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

ANNEX B

( Clause 4.3.1 )

PROTECTIVE LINING MATERIALS AND SURFACE COVERING

B-l The conditions for which linings have to B-2 The choice of the protective lining should
be considered fall into the following four be governed by its compatibility with the
basic categories: substances handled, by its adhesive bond to
the parent material ( particularly on baskets
(a> To protect the centrifuge parts from and bowls ) and by its resistance to erosion/
corrosive attack by the substances abrasion and mechanical damage.
handled;
B-3 The manufacturer and the user should
(b) To protect the product from contami- agree the lining material to be used, the stand-
nation by the centrifuge materials; ard to which it shall be applied and the
inspection to be carried out. The edges of
(cl To protect the centrifuge parts from perforations are particularly vulnerable and
damage by abrasion, erosion, scuffing,
seizing, wear, etc; it is essential that the choice of lining mater-
ials and application method take this into
((-9 To prevent the generation of sparks. account. Similarly, careful arrangements
should be made at edges and other disconti-
The first of these categories is the more nuities ( for example, basket lip ).
common. However, the severity of the
corrosive effect of products varies widely and B-4 Further guidance on the lining of vessels
this has a bearing on the minimum qualities and equipment is given in IS 4682 ( Parts 1
required of the lining. to IO)

ANNEX C

( Clause 6.1 )

METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS FOR CYLINDRICAL BASKETS OR BOWLS

C-l SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS k,, k, are the stress coefficient

( See FIGURES 17 AND 18 ). due to perforations -
k,
The following symbols are used:
n is the number of circumferen-
b,, b, is the centre distance bet- tial rows of perforations -
y ween adjacent perforations ( in mm )
4 is the coefficient of reduction
d is the diameter of perfora- ( in mm ) of the apparent density due
tions to perforations -
M is the maximum load at the is the internal radius of shell (inmm)
permissible angular velocity ( in kg )
h is the internal axial length is the arithmetic mean radius
of basket or bowl of shell ( in mm )
( in mm )
k is the lowest of coefficients is the internal radius of load (in mm)
k,, k,, k,, k, and k5 - is the shell thickness ( in mm )
4 is the weld coefficient appli- is the reinforcing ring ( hoop)
cable to joints not subjected coefficient -
to inspection and testing -
a is the angle between
k2 is the weld coefficient appli-
staggered perforations ( in degrees )
cable to joints subjected to
approved inspection and is the density of material
testing - of constructron of shell ( in kg/dm3 )

22
 IS Part 1 ) : 1992

P2
is the density of wet cake C-2 SHELL STRESSES OF ROTATING
( or load ) at the permissi- BASKET OR BOWL
ble angular velocity ( in kg/dm3 )
C-2.1 Circumferential stress
is the tensile stress in shell
fi
due to unloaded drum The circumferential stress ( fi) shall be deter-
rotation (in N/mm2) mined by the following equation.
is the tensile shell stress fi= (ZppJv;
x 10-9
j-2
due to centrifugal force The coefficient q ( see C-3.3 ) has been used
acting on a homogeneous to compensate for reduction in density due to
load ( in N/mm2 ) perforations.
f2
is the tensile shell stress due
to centrifugal force acting C-2.2 Stress Due to Centrifugal Force Exerted by
on a non-homogeneous ( for Load
example, textile ) load ( in N/mm2 ) If the basket or bowl has a lining ( for example,
ft is the sum of tensile stresses gauze, filter cloth ), the load shali be increased
acting on the shell ( in N/mm2 ) by the mass of such lining.

fR is the ultimate tensile a) The tensile stress due to centrifugal

strength
fy is the yield point stress for
steels with marked yield
point, or
0.2% proof stress for steels
without marked yield
points, or
1.0% proof stress for
austenitic steels
w is the permissible angular
velocity
( in N/mm2 ) force acting on a homogeneous mass
loading ( fi) ( for example, liquids, fluid
slurries where the load density is known )
( in N/mm2 ) shall be determined by the following
equation.
( in N/mm )
b) The tensile stress due to centrifugal
( in N/mm2 ) force acting on a non-homogeneous
load ( f3) (for example, textiles, furs
where the load mass is known ) shall be
( in rad/s ) determined by the following equation.

f3=
l03x3nhs
W2M $1 ;I: )
(
C-2.3 Stress Summation
C-2.3.1 Homogeneous Mass Loading
The sum of tensile stresses acting on the shell
(ft) for homogeneous mass loading shell be
determined using the following equation.

1 h
f&f1
ii
+
k
f2)

Where the load density is known, the sum of

tensile stresses acting on the shell ( ft) for
homogeneous mass loading shall be determined
using the following equation.

Where the load mass is known the sum of tensile

stresses acting on the shell (ft)for homogen-
eous mass loading shall be determined using
NOTE - This sketch is diagrammatic only and does
not purport to show a standard form of basket the following equation.
construction. 106 x Mr,
ft= A-
10xk 4Ply22 +
2rrhzs
FIG. 17 TYPICAL BASKET

23
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

-9 +=+

4
+
II--
--- I
Axial

+-

w
*
Circumferential

FIG. 18 PATTERNOF PERFORATIONS

C-2.3.2 Non-homogeneous Load construction of the shell, the following coeffi-

cients shall be used to allow for the reduction
The sum of tensile stresses acting on the shell in strength at the welded joint.
( ft ) fora non-homogeneous load shall be
determined using the following equation. a) Welded joints not subjected to inspection
or testing
k, = 0.8
ft= (f,3-f3)
k
b) Welded joints subjected to 100% radio-
Where the load mass is known the sum of graphic examination or other recognized
tensile stresses acting on the shell ( ft ) for a methods of inspection
non-homogeneous load shall be determined k, = 0.95
using the following equation.
C-3.2.3 Perforation Coeficient
ft = In case of uniformly distributed perforations,
the smaller of the following values of k shall
be used ( see Figure 18 ):
C-3 COEFFICIENTS
k _bl-d
-----or k,=y(b2bd)
C-3.1 Reinforcing Hoop Allowance 3
h 2

If hoops are used to reinforce the basket shell, 1 + tan2 a

the effect shall be a!lowed for by the use of = %/( 1 + 3 tan2 CL)
the coefficient z. This coefficient shall be
The value v is dependent on angle tc, where
determined from stress calculations using
methods applicable to such a configuration. K < 90
If the inclined centreline distance b, and the
NOTE - z = 1 if no hoops are fitted z > 1 when
angle M. are different, depending on what is
hoops are fitted.
taken as the axial position, then k, shall be
C-3.2 Coefficients for Welded Joints and calculated for both vslues of b, and a. The
Perforations smaller value of k4 is to be used.
C-3.2.1 Genera I In baskets with a single row of perforations
close to the bottom and/or to the top, the
The coefficient k to be used in the stress calcu- following value of k shall be used:
lation of C-2.2 is the smallest value obtained
from the coefficients kl, k,, ks, k,, k, as given k, = 1 - $
in C-3.2.2 and C-3.2.3.
NOTE - No perforations should be made within
C-3.2.2 Welded Joint Coeflcient 9 mm of the weld material but if this is unavoida-
ble, the smallest of the coefficients ksr k,, ks shall
Provided that the mechanical properties of the be multiplied by the appropriate welded joint
weld match those of the material used in the coefficient.

24
 IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

C-3.3 coefficient for the reduction in the appa- C-4 ABNORMAL LOAD DUTY
rent density of the shell due to perforations.
The coefficient for the reduction in the appa- Should the duty for which the basket is used
rent density of the shell due to perforations involve abnormal load distribution, for exampIe,
shall be determined using the following a heavy load concentration in a small area of
equation. the basket, the basket will require to be of
4 = 1 - r& greater strength than the above equations
4b,b,sina imply.

ANNEX D

( Clause 10.0 )
FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

D-l FIRE AND EXPLOSION CONDITIONS flammable atmosphere is likely to occur

in normal operation and where machines
D-l.1 For a fire or explosion to occur within are opened to the atmosphere on a
a centrifuge system, there has to be a combi- regular basis for product discharge.
nation of the following three factors:
b) Moderate-A moderate level of risk exists:
4 flammable gas or vapour present in
sufficient concentration ( between the (1) where a flammable atmosphere is
lower and upper explosive limits ); likely to occur in normal operation
oxygen present in sufficient concentration and where machines are provided
b) either with bolted covers or with
usually above 10 vol. oh );
interlocks to prevent covers being
c> a source of ignition. opened while the machine is in
motion, or
D-l.2 At a temperature above the flash point
a flammable condition is likely to occur.
Sources of ignition within a centrifuge may be (2) where any duty known by experience
to give rise to the possibility of
hot spots caused by mechanical friction or the metal to metal contact including
discharge of static electricity. At a sufficiently metallic debris in the feed and either
high temperature auto-ignition of a bydrocar- operating close to or above the flash
bon could occur. point or when a flammable atmos-
D-2 LEVELS OF RISK phere could occur under predictable
abnormal circumstances.
Three broad levels of risk are defined as
follows. c) Low-A low level of risk exists where a
flammable atmosphere is unlikely to
a) High-A high level of risk exists where a occur.

25
IS 4092 ( Part 1) : 1992

ANNEX E
( Clause 12.2 )
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERIODIC EXAMINATION AND TESTING

E-l The user should, in consultation with the listed in ( a ) to ( c ) should be carried out.
manufacturer, define the examination period a) The basket or bowl should be examined
based on the process parameters. and tested for:
The interval between examinations should not (1) general condition;
exceed 12 months and should be carried out by (2) mechanical erosion and corrosion
a person with sufficient practical and theore- damage, shell thickness;
tical knowledge and actual experience of the (3) condition of welds;
type of machinery to be examined. Such (4) conditions of linings where
persons have to be able to examine the machine applicable
in all of the ways stipulated in order to detect
faults and weaknesses and assess their impor- b) The controls and interlocks should be
tance in relation to safe operation of the examined and tested for :
machinery. The results of examinations are 1) correct functioning;
to be recorded by the examiners and then 2) wear of mechanical parts;
countersigned and filed by the user.
3) braking and emergency stop.
Particular care should be taken in the examina-
tion of perforations, at changes of section and c) The foundation and principal fasteners
other areas of high stress and those parts used should be examined and tested for :
to attach the basket or bowl to the spindle. 1) corrosion, wear and security of fast-
ners relating to basket/bowl, bearings,
It shall be shown that shell thickness and other machine mountings and suspension;
important dimensions are within the allowable 2) corrosion and soundness of founda-
Values given by the manufacturer ( see tion.
Annex F ).
E-3 No modification of repair such as welding
On completion of examination, the tests refer- which may impair mechanical properties
red to in 12.1.3 shall be carried out. should be carried out on the highly stressed
parts of a centrifuge without prior consultation
E-2 An examination and testing of the items with the manufacturer.

ANNEX F
( Clause 13 )
INFORMATION

F-l INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED c) continuous or batch operation, automatic

WITH ENQUIRY OR ORDER or non-automatic;

The information listed in F-l.1 to F-1.6 shall d) toxicity, and other known health risks;
be supplied with an enquiry or order. e) flammability;
f ) corrosive properties;
F-l.1 General g) abrasion/erosion properties
The following information shall be given : F-l.2 Type of Machine
a) details of materials to be handled; The type of machine preferred shall be stated
b) purpose or duty; ( for example, decanter, pusher, etc. )

26
 IS 4092 ( Part 1 ) : 1992

F-l.3 Machine Requirements enquiry or order : examples of such requirc-

ments are as follows :
The following information shall be given :
a) out of balance monitors;
a) materials of construction; b) inert gas system;
b) internal pressure; c) inspection and testing;
C>inert gas blanket requirement; d) noise.
4 zone classification;
9 availabIe services: F-2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
WITH TENDER
1) electrical : full details of supply;
voltage ( in V ); number of phases; The information listed in F-2.1 to F-2.4 shall
number of wires; and frequency
be supplied with a tender.
( in Hz );
2) air pressure ( in N/mm3 ); F-2.1 Machine Offered
3) cooling water pressure ( in N/mm2 ); The manufacturer shall provide full details of
temperature ( in C ); the machine which is offered, including the
4) inert gas : type and pressure ( in following information :
N/mm2 );
a) machine type and size;
5) others;
feed system ( preceding unit operation ); b) installed and full load power require-
f) ments and operating speeds of all drives;
h) discharge system of each phase ( succeed- c) weight;
ing unit operation );
d) installation specification.
i) washing : liquor and rate:
F-2.2 Materials of Construction
F- 1.4 Process Information
The manufacturer shall provide details of the
The inputs and outputs of the machine shall materials used in the construction of the
be stated separately in the following details following :
where appropriate :
a) basket or bowl;
a) mass flow rate; b) plough or coveyor;
b) specific gravities of liquors and particu- c) casing;
late solids;
d) spindle;
c) volume flow rate;
e) seals;
d) pressure;
f) filter elements;
e) temperature;
g) bearings.
f) viscosity;
g) pH vaIue; F-2.3 Ancillaries
h) particle size ( distribution ) and shape; The manufacturer shall provide details of the
j) maximum density of feed and of its following ancillaries :
constituents.
a) interlocks and other safety equipment;
F-l.5 Process Tolerances b) lubrication system details;
The following process tolerances shall be c) seal system details;
given : d) flocculant dosage system;
a) percentage of retained liquor in solids; e) controls and instrumentation;
b) percentage of solids in centrifuged f) sampling arrangements.
liquors;
F-2.4 Performance
F-l.6 Purchasers Special Requirements
The manufacturer shall provide details of
Any special requirements specific to the pur- expected performance related to the required
chasers needs shall be supplied with an machine duty, including the following where

27
IS 4092 ( Part 1 ) : 1992

applicable and shall state if this performance F-3.2 Operation

is guaranteed :
To enable the user to operate the machine the
a) percentage of retained liquor in solids; following shall be supplied;
b) percentage of solids in centrifuged
liquors; a>data sheet;
c) cycle times; b) operating manual;
d) noise level; C> interlocks and safety procedures;
e) power consumption. 4 testing instructions;

F-3 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED

e) commissioning instructions.
AFTER ORDER
F-3.3 Maintenance
The information listed in F-3.1 to F-3.3 shall
be supplied to enable the user to install, To enable the operator to maintain the
operate and maintain the unit effectively and machine the following shall be supplied :
safely :
P-3.1 Installation
a>maintenance schedule;

The following installation details shall be

b) inspection schedule:
supplied : C>lubrication schedule;
4 general arrangement drawings; d) dismantling and assembly instructions;
b) civil engineering requirements in accor- 4 special tools;
dance with 6.11; f 1 fault finding charts;
4 electrical requirements; 8) servicing facilities;
4 circuit and control diagrams; h) parts list/detailed drawings including
e> assembly and erection instructions; details of allowable dimension;
f> drive details; j> schedule of accessories and ancillaries;
!a heaviest lift for assembly/mainteaance. k) recommended spares.

28
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Burcuu of h&n
Stundurds Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark
on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been
produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system
of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and
operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by
BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under
which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or
producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standurds Act, 1986 to
promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality
certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced
in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use,
in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type
or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director
( Publications ), BTS.

Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if
any, are issued from trme to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in
possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be
sent to BIS giving the following reference:

Dot : No. HMD 17 ( 5261 )

Amendments lssued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices )

Regional Offices : Telephone

Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg ( 331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75
Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61,
CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 26, 37 86 62
53 38 43, 53 16 40,
Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C. CHANDIGARH 160036

235 04 42,
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, TV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113
235 15 19, 235 23 15
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BOMBAY 400093 632 78 91, 632 78 92
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