Fittings and tolerances [juvenile Robert c and Kurt]

Fits and tolerances are usually specified on the basis of experience with the
specific application involved. Fits between parts, as a cylindrical member fitting in a
cylindrical hole influence the accuracy of relative positioning of the members, the case
with which the members can be assembled and disassembled, the ease with which they
can slide with respect to each other (with clearance fits ) and the load the can sustain with
our relative motion (with interference fits ). Differential thermal expansion is always a
factor to be considered in determining appropriate fits. The tolerance or permitted
variation applied to each dimension influence both function and cost. Unnecessary small
tolerances are an important factor causing excessive cost.
In this design there are many parts which need clearance fits and one part or
component of the machine requires interference fitting that is between the rod transfers
rotation from the inclined shafts with the eccentric circular hollow member.
Diameter of the steel rod d=8mm and diameter of the hole to be D=
Where as the clearance fitting are or that needs relative among the members are
describes as below in table form. Where d=diameter of the smaller or the member to be
inserted, D= diameter of the large member or the holding member and c= is the clearance
required between the adjacent members.
d[mm] C[mm] D[mm]
20
30
12
14

Manufacturing process

1. The overall structure or the body is made up of from steel pipes and angle iron
(for the placement of the cutters) and manufactured by welding given the overall
dimensions and the parts in the analysis part.
2. The carriage shaft is made of hollow shaft steel pipe and is manufactured by
cutting the shaft for the required length, weld the key for the pulley, and drilled
for the bolts.
3. The cutters are hardened steels with double blades and are manufactured by
cutting, forging and grinding to attain the required shape and profile.
4. The upper shaft is a solid shaft and is manufactured by selecting with the given
diameter steel, cut in to the required length, machined for the key seats, and drill
for the thin holders.
5. Gears are manufactured from steel ingots by machining and hardened.
6. Canvas or the conveyor the timing belt, V-belt and the flat belts are buy from
market using the standard dimensions and specification in the analysis part.
7. The pulleys are manufactured by casting and some machining operation for
finishing.
8. Rivets and Bolts are also from markets of standard dimensions an specification of
the analysis.
 9. The wheel is made of steel plates by selecting the material with the required
thickness and width cut in to the required perimeter of the wheel, rolled with
rolling machine to the approximate circle, and then welds the two ends of the
plate. Similarly the collar or small circular plate is prepared, mark the two circular
plates at every 600 s and finally cut steel rods taken as ribs and weld or connect
the two marks at the smaller and bigger wheel steel plates.
10. To increase friction between the wheel and the land, weld a 5 or 6mm thickness
steel with the same lengths as the width of the wheel at every 180.
11. The revolving reel shaft select the material with the given dimension, cut to the
required length, preparing the seat for the keys through machining and drilled for
the revolving reel to avoid relative motion.
12. The revolving reel is manufactured by preparing two circular steel pipes, 12 small
steel plates to be welded at the circular pipes every 60 0 6 0f each, 6 long steel
plates with the dimensions given in the analysis part to connect the two circular
pipes by welding at the tip of each small steel plates.

Assembling procedures
1. Prepare all the parts or machine components
2. Insert one washer of the pulley into the carriage shaft and pass through one of the
holes(from left side) of the structure or the body, insert the pulley, the second
washer, the wheel, the spacer, washer and passes through the second hole(right
side) of the structure. And moving the shaft to the other side (right side) of the
structure and insert the wheel, the spacer the washer, the V-belt and returning to
the correct positioning, insert the bearing and the washer.
3. Tighten the wheels with the carriage shaft and lock parts which require a locker.
4. Insert the upper shaft through one of the upper stand holes(left side) pass the shaft
through retaining ring V-belt pulley retaining ring, V-belt, and through the second
hole(right side) the assemble the gear and the flat belt pulley according their sides.
5. Arranging and ordering the lower cutters and placed on the angle iron tighten with
small flat bolts(the bolts are totally immersed in the cutter. Then the top cutter will
also be placed above the lower cutter and pinned using adjustable pines.
6. carrying or holding the revolving reel between the two carriages insert the
revolving reel shaft through either side and pass through the retaining ring, the
pulley, retaining ring, the flat belt and revolving reel.
7. Assemble the pinion gear to the right side of the inclined shafts and then both
shafts passes through the upper carriages, timing pulleys, the timing belt with the
canvas, through the lower carriage simultaneously and insert the reciprocating
mechanism member and tight it.