Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal

frame made of fabricated profiles
A single bay portal frame made of welded profiles is designed according to
EN 1993-1-1. This worked example includes the elastic analysis of the
frame using the 1st order theory, and all the verifications of the members
based on the effective properties of the cross-sections (Class 4).

,00
7,30

72
5,988

0
7,2
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[m]
30,00

1 Basic data
Total length : b = 72,00 m
Spacing: s = 7,20 m
Bay width : d = 30,00 m
Height (max): h = 7,30 m
Roof slope: = 5,0

3,00 3,00 3,00 3,00 3,00

2,99

1
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

3,00

1 : Restraints by struts
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

2 Loads
Permanent loads
Self-weight of the beam
EN 1991-1-1
Roofing with purlins G = 0,30 kN/m2
for an internal frame: G = 0,30 7,20 = 2,16 kN/m
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Snow load EN 1991-1-3

Characteristic values for snow loading on the roof in kN/m
S = 0,8 1,0 1,0 0,772 = 0,618 kN/m
for an internal frame: S = 0,618 7,20 = 4,45 kN/m
s = 4,45 kN/m

7,30

30,00 [m]
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Wind loads EN 1991-1-4

Characteristic values for wind loading in kN/m for an internal frame
G: w = 9,18 H: w = 5,25 J: w = 5,25
I: w = 5,25

7,30
D: w = 4,59 E: w = 3,28

e/10 = 1,46 1,46

30,00 [m]

3 Combinations EN1990
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Partial safety factors

Gmax = 1,35 (permanent loads)
Gmin = 1,0 (permanent loads) EN 1990
Table A1.1
Q = 1,50 (variable loads)
0 = 0,50 (snow)
0 = 0,60 (wind)
M0 = 1,0
M1 = 1,0

ULS Combinations EN 1990

Combination 101 : Gmax G + Q S
Combination 102 : Gmin G + Q W
Combination 103 : Gmax G + Q S + Q 0 W
Combination 104 : Gmin G + Q S + Q 0 W
Combination 105 : Gmax G + Q 0 S + Q W
Combination 106 : Gmin G + Q 0 S + Q W
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

SLS Combinations EN 1990

Combination 201 G+S
Combination 202 G+W
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

4 Sections tf
z

Column
Welded section - Steel grade S355 ( = 0,81) tw
Flange width b = 250 mm
y y
Flange thickness tf = 12 mm h
Web Depth hw = 800 mm hw

Web thickness tw = 6 mm
Total depth h = 824 mm
Weld throat a = 3 mm z

Mass 84,8 kg/m b

Section area A = 108 cm2

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Second moment of area /yy Iy = 124500 cm4

Second moment of area /zz Iz = 3126 cm4
Torsion constant It = 34,56 cm4
Warping constant Iw = 5,151 106 cm6
Elastic modulus /yy Wel,y = 3022 cm3
Plastic modulus /yy Wpl,y = 3396 cm3
Elastic modulus /zz Wel,z = 250,1 cm3
Plastic modulus /zz Wpl,z = 382,2 cm3

Rafter
Welded section - Steel grade S355 ( = 0,81)
Depth h = 824mm
Web Depth hw = 800 mm
Width b = 240 mm
Web thickness tw = 6 mm
Flange thickness tf = 12 mm
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

Weld seam a = 3 mm
Mass 82,9 kg/m
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Section area A = 105,6 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 120550 cm4
Second moment of area /zz Iz = 2766 cm4
Torsion constant It = 33,41 cm4
Warping constant Iw = 4,557 106 cm6
Elastic modulus /yy Wel,y = 2926,0 cm3
Plastic modulus /yy Wpl,y = 3299 cm3
Elastic modulus /zz Wel,z = 230,5 cm3
Plastic modulus /zz Wpl,z = 352,8 cm3

5 Global analysis
EN 1993-1-1
The column bases are assumed to be pinned.
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5.2
The connections of rafter to column are assumed to be fully rigid.

The frame has been modeled using the EFFEL program.

Calculation of the buckling amplification factor cr

In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the frame to 2nd order effects, a buckling EN 1993-1-1
analysis is performed to calculate the buckling amplification factor cr for the 5.2.1
load combination giving the highest vertical load:
Combination 101: Gmax G + Q QS
For this combination, the amplification factor is: cr = 29,98
The shape of the first buckling mode is shown hereafter.

So : cr = 29,98 > 10 EN 1993-1-1

Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

First order elastic analysis may be used. 5.2.1 (3)

Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Sway imperfections may be disregarded where HEd 0,15 VEd. EN 1993-1-1

The effects of initial sway imperfection may be replaced by equivalent 5.3.2 (4)
horizontal forces:
Heq = VEd in the combination where HEd < 0,15 VEd

Left column 1 Right column 2 Total

ULS
HEd,1 VEd,1 HEd,2 VEd,2 HEd VEd 0,15 VEd
Comb.
kN kN kN kN kN kN

101 -111,28 -167,12 111,28 -167,12 0,00 -334,24 50,14

102 89,29 83,80 -19,36 61,81 69,93 145,61 21,84

103 -39,16 -87,06 81,12 -100,26 41,96 -187,32 28,10

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104 -28,33 -69,69 70,30 -82,89 41,97 -152,58 22,89

105 43,70 16,37 26,23 -5,62 69,93 10,75 1,61

106 54,52 33,74 15,41 11,74 69,93 45,48 6,82

Effects of imperfections
The global initial sway imperfection may be determined from EN 1993-1-1
= 0 h m 5.3.2 (3)

Where 0 = 1/200
2 2
h = = = 0,74
h 7,30

1
m = 0,5(1 + ) = 0,866 (m = 2 number of columns)
m
1
So : = 0,740 0,866 = 3,2 10 3 = 1/312
200
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 7 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

The sway imperfection has only to be taken into account for the load EN 1993-1-1
combination 101:
5.3.2 (7)
VEd Heq = .VEd
kN kN

167,12 0,535

Heq is an equivalent horizontal force to be applied at the top of each column.

6 Results of the elastic analysis

EN 1993-1-1
6.1 Serviceability Limit States
7
Maximal vertical deflection
and
Under combination 201 (G + S): wy = 74 mm = L/405
EN 1990
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Under the snow only (S): wy = 44 mm = L/682

Horizontal deflection at the top of column:

Under the wind load only (W): wx = 16 mm = h/374
6.2 Ultimate Limit States
The moment diagram is given in kNm for each combination.
Combination 101

Combination 102
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Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 8 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Combination 103

Combination 104
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Combination 105

Combination 106:
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Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 9 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

7 Column verification
The verification of the member is carried out for the less favourable ULS
combination: combination 101

NEd = 167,4 kN (assumed to be constant along the column)

Vz,Ed = 112,0 kN (assumed to be constant along the column)
My,Ed = 670,6 kNm (at the top of the column)

7.1 Classification of the cross section EN 1993-1-1

Web: hw = 800 mm and tw = 6 mm 5.5

c = 800 2 1,414 3 = 791,5 mm (Table 5.2)

Web slenderness: c / tw = 131,9

The web is subject to bending and compression. The stress ratio at ULS is
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given by:
N Ed 167 ,4 103
=2 1 = 2 1 = 0,913 < 0
Af y 10800 355

42 42 0,81
The limit for Class 3 is: = = 92,3
0,67 + 0,33 0,67 0,33 0,913
Then: c / tw = 131,9 > 92,3 The web is class 4.

Flange: b = 250 mm and tf = 12 mm EN 1993-1-1

5.5
250 - 6
c= 3 2 = 118 mm
2 (Table 5.2)
Flange slenderness: c / tf = 9,8
The flange is under uniform compression.
The limit for Class 3 is: 14 = 14 0,81 = 11,3
Then: c / tf = 9,8 < 11,3 The flange is Class 3.

So the section is Class 4. The verification of the member will be based on

the elastic resistance of the effective cross-section.
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 10 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

7.2 Effective properties of the cross-section

Effective area EN 1993-1-1
The effective area Aeff of the cross-section is determined under compression
6.2.9.3 (2)
only.

Flange: The flange is not Class 4. So it is fully effective.

Web: The web is subject to local buckling: = 1 EN 1993-1-5
Buckling factor: k = 4 4.4

c / tw 791,5 / 6 (Table 4.1)

Slenderness: p = = = 2,87 > 0,673
28,4 k 28,4 0,81 4

p - 0,055 (3 + )
Reduction factor: = 2 but 1
p
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2,87 - 0,055 (3 + 1)
= = 0,322
2,87 2
Effective width: beff = c = 0,322 791,5 = 255 mm
Aeff = 75,86 cm2

Effective elastic modulus

The effective elastic modulus is determined under bending only.
Flange: The flange is not Class 4. So it is fully effective.
Web: The web is subject at the local buckling: = -1
Buckling factor: k = 23,9
c / tw 791,5 / 6
Slenderness: p = = = 1,173 > 0,673
28,4 k 28,4 0,81 23,9

p - 0,055 (3 + )
Reduction factor: = 2 but 1
p
1,173 - 0,055 (3 1)
= = 0,772
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

1,1732
Effective width: beff = c = 0,772 791,5 = 611 mm
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

be1 = 0,4 beff = 244 mm

be2 = 0,6 beff = 367 mm
bt = 0,5 c = 396 mm

The properties of the effective cross-section can be calculated:

Iy,eff = 121542 cm4
Weff,y,min = 2867,4 cm3

Note: For a symmetrical cross-section, there is no shift of the centroid of the

effective area Aeff relative to the centroid of the gross cross-section. So,
eNy = eNz = 0

7.3 Verification of the cross-section to bending

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moment and axial force EN 1993-1-1

N Ed M + N Ed eNy 6.2.9.3
1 = + y,Ed 1
f y Aeff / M0 f yWeff,y,min / M 0 EN 1993-1-5
167400 670,6.106 + 167400 0 4.6
1 = + = 0,721 1 OK
355 7586 / 1,0 355 2867400 / 1,0

7.4 Verification of the shear buckling resistance

of the column EN 1993-1-1
hw 6.2.8 (2)
= 133 > 72 = 58,3 with = 1,0
tw
So, the shear buckling resistance for web without intermediate stiffeners
should be checked.
The shear buckling resistance is calculated from:

Vb,Rd = Vbw,Rd + Vbf,Rd EN 1993-1-5

w f y hw t w 5.2 (1)
Where Vbw,Rd is the contribution of the web: Vbw,Rd =
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

M1 3
and Vbf,Rd is the contribution of the flanges.

fy EN 1993-1-5
Slenderness parameter: w = 0,76
cr 5.3
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

2
t EN 1993-1-5
with cr = k E and E = 190000 w Annex A
hw
There is no intermediate transverse stiffener along the column, so:
k = 5,34
And: E = 10,7 N/mm2

355
So, cr = 5,34 10,7 = 57,14 N/mm2 and w = 0,76 = 1,894 1,08
57,14
Lets consider the assumption of non-rigid end posts: EN 1993-1-5
w = 0,83 / w = 0,438 Table 5.1
0,438 355 800 6 10 3
So, Vbw,Rd = =430,9 kN
1,0 3
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The contribution from flanges can be ignored: Vbf,Rd = 0

VEd 112,0 EN 1993-1-5
Then: 3 = 3 = = = 0,26 < 1
Vbw,Rd 430,9 5.5 (1)

Note that since 3 < 0,5 , the effect of the shear force on the moment EN 1993-1-5
resistance may be neglected. 7.1 (1)

7.5 Verification of the buckling resistance

The buckling resistance of the column is checked using the following criteria
(no bending about the weak axis, Mz,Ed = 0):

N Ed M y,Ed
+ k yy 1
y N Rk M y,Rk EN 1993-1-1
LT
M1 M1 6.3.3
N Ed M y,Ed
and + kzy 1
z N Rk M y,Rk
LT
M1 M1
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

The kyy and kzy factors will be calculated using the Annex A of EN 1993-1-1.
Note: My,Ed = Mz,Ed = 0 because eNy = eNz = 0
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

The frame is not sensitive to second order effects (cr = 29,98 > 10). Then the EN 1993-1-1
buckling length for in-plane buckling may be taken equal to the system length.
5.2.2 (7)
Lcr,y = 5,99 m

Regarding the out-of-plane buckling, the member is laterally restrained at

middle height and at both ends only. Then :

Lcr,z = 3,00 m and Lcr,LT = 3,00 m

Buckling resistance of the column

Buckling about yy-axis (Lcr,y = 5,99 m)

EI 210000 124500 10
N cr,y = 2 2 y = 2 =71920 kN
Lcr,y 5990 2 EN 1993-1-1
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Aeff f y 7586 355 6.3.1.3 (1)

y = = = 0,1935 < 0,2
N cr,y 71920 103 6.3.1.2 (4)
The buckling effects may be ignored. So, y = 1,0
Therefore the buckling resistance for buckling about the strong axis is
equal to the resistance to the axial force of the cross-section:

Nby,Rd = Aeff fy / M0 = (7586 355 / 1,0).10-3 = 2693 kN

Buckling about zz-axis (Lcr,z = 3,00 m)

EI 210000 3126 10
N cr,z = 2 2 z = 2 = 7199 kN EN 1993-1-1
Lcr,z 30002
6.3.1.3 (1)
Aeff f y 7586 355
z = = = 0,6116
N cr, z 7199 103

Buckling curve: c (z = 0,49) EN 1993-1-1

[ (
z = 0,5 1 + z 0,2 + ) 2
z ] Table 6.2
z = 0,5 [1 + 0,49 (0,6116 0,2 ) + 0,6116 ] = 0,7879
2
6.3.1.2 (1)
1 1
z = = = 0,778
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

z + z2 z 0,7879 + 0,7879 0,6116

2 2 2

The buckling resistance for buckling about the weak axis is:

Nbz,Rd = z Aeff fy / M0 = (0,778 7586 355 / 1,0).10-3 = 2095 kN

Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Lateral torsional buckling (Lcr,LT = 3,00 m)

The upper part of the column is considered.
The critical moment is calculated from: NCCI
EI z
2
2
I w Lcr,LTGI t
M cr = C1 + 2 SN003
L2cr,LT Iz EI z

The C1 factor depends on the moment 670,6 kNm

ratio which is:

= 335,3 / 670,6 = 0,5 3,00 m

So: C1 = 1,31

335,3 kNm
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2 210000 3126 10 4 5151000 30002 80770 345600

M cr = 1,31 10 2 +
30002 106 3126 2 210000 3126 10 4
Mcr = 3873 kNm

The slenderness for lateral torsional buckling is obtained from: EN 1993-1-1

Weff,y f y 2867,4 355 6.3.2.2
LT = = = 0,5127
M cr 3873 103

The reduction factor is then calculated from the buckling curve d, and the EN 1993-1-1
imperfection factor is: LT = 0,76. Table 6.3
[ (
LT = 0,5 1 + LT LT - 0,2 + ) 2
LT ] Table 6.4

LT = 0,5 [1 + 0,76 (0,5127 - 0,2) + 0,51272 ] = 0,7502

and
6.3.2.2
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

1 1
LT = = = 0,7705
LT + LT
2
- LT
2
0,7502 + 0,7502 2 - 0,5127 2

Weff,y f y 2867400 355

So, M b,Rd = LT = 0,7705 10 6 = 784,3 kNm
M1 1,0
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

The factors kyy and kzy are calculated according to Annex A of EN 1993-1-1

N Ed 167,4 EN 1993-1-1
1 1
N cr, y 71920 = 1,0 Annex A
y = =
N Ed 167,4
1 y 1 1,0
N cr, y 71920

N Ed 167,4
1 1
N cr,z 7199
z = = = 0,995
N Ed 167,4
1 z 1 0,778
N cr,z 7199

Critical axial force for the torsional buckling mode NCCI

2 EI w SN001
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A
N cr,T = (GI t + )
I0 h2

For a doubly symmetrical section,

I 0 = I y + I z = 124500 + 3126 127600 cm4

2 210000 5151000.10
6
10800
N cr,T = (80770 34,56. 10 4
+ )
127600.10 4 1000 3000 2
Ncr,T = 10276 kN

The slenderness for lateral torsional buckling has to be calculated assuming a

uniform bending moment along the member.

2 EI z
2
I w Lcr,LTGI t NCCI
M cr,0 = C1 + 2 with C1 = 1,0
L 2
cr,LT Iz EI z SN003
2 210000 3126 10 4 5151000 30002 80770 345600
M cr,0 = 1,0 10 2 +
30002 106 3126 2 210000 3126 10 4
M cr,0 = 2957 kNm
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

Weff, y f y 2867,4 355 EN 1993-1-1

0 = = = 0,587
M cr,o 2957 103 Annex A
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CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

N Ed N
0 lim = 0,2 C1 4 (1 )(1 Ed )
N cr, z N cr,T

with Ncr,TF = Ncr,T (doubly symmetrical section)

167,4 167,4
0 lim = 0,2 1,31 4 (1 - )(1 - ) = 0,227
7199 10276
0 > 0 lim

y aLT
Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 Cmy,0 )
1 + y aLT

M y,Ed Aeff 670,6 75,86

with: y = = 100 =10,60 (class 4)
N Ed Weff,y 167,4 2867,4
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It
and aLT = 1 1,0
Iy

Calculation of the equivalent uniform moment factor Cmy,0 EN 1993-1-1

N Ed Annex A
Cmy,0 = 0,79 + 0,21 y + 0,36( y 0,33)
N cr,y Table A2
167,4
For y = 0 Cmy,0 = 0,79 + 0,21 0 + 0,36 (0 0,33) = 0,790
71920

Calculation of the factors Cmy and Cm,LT :

10,60 1,0
Cmy = 0,790 + (1 0,790) = 0,951
1 + 10,60 1,0

aLT EN 1993-1-1
CmLT = Cmy
2
1
N Ed N Annex A
(1 )(1 Ed )
N cr,z N cr,T
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

1,0
CmLT = 0,9512 = 0,923 <1 So CmLT = 1
167,4 167,4
(1 )(1 )
7199 10276
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 17 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Calculation of the factors kyy and kzy : EN 1993-1-1

y 1,0 Annex A
k yy = CmyCmLT = 0,951 1 = 0,953
N Ed 167,4
1 1
N cr,y 71920

z 0,995
kzy = CmyCmLT = 0,951 1 = 0,948
N Ed 167,4
1 1
N cr, y 71920

Verification with interaction formulae

N Ed M y,Ed EN 1993-1-1
+ k yy 1
y f y Aeff Weff,y f y 6.3.3
LT
M1 M1
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167,4 670,6
+ 0,953 = 0,877 <1 OK
2693 784,3

N Ed M y,Ed
+ k zy 1
z f y Aeff Weff,y f y
LT
M1 M1
167,4 670,6
+ 0,948 = 0,890 <1 OK
2095 784,3
So the buckling resistance of the member is satisfactory.

8 Verification of the rafter

The verification of the member is carried out for the combination 101. The
maximal bending moment and the maximal shear force in rafter are located at
the eave:

NEd = 124,9 kN (assumed to be constant along the rafter)

Vy,Ed = 150,4 kN (at eave)
My,Ed = 670,6 kNm (at eave)
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 18 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

8.1 Classification of the cross section EN 1993-1-1

Web: hw = 800 mm and tw = 6 mm 5.5
c = 800 2 2 3 = 791,5 mm (Table 5.2)
Web slenderness: c / tw = 131,9
The web is subject to bending and compression. The stress ratio at ULS is
given by:
N Ed 124,9 103
=2 1 = 2 1 = 0,933 < 0
Af y 10560 355

42 42 0,81
The limit for Class 3 is: = = 93,9
0,67 + 0,33 0,67 0,33 0,933
Then: c / tw = 131,9 > 93,9 The web is class 4.
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Flange: b = 240 mm and tf = 12 mm EN 1993-1-1

240 6 5.5
c= 3 2 = 113 mm
2 (Table 5.2)
The flange slenderness is c / tf = 9,4
The limit for Class 3 is : 14 = 14 0,81 = 11,3
Then: c / tf = 9,4 < 11,3 The flange is Class 3.

So the section is Class 4. The verification of the member will be based on

the elastic resistance of the effective cross-section.
8.2 Effective properties of the cross-section
Effective area EN 1993-1-1
The effective area Aeff of the cross-section is determined under compression 6.2.9.3 (2)
only.

Flange: The flange is not Class 4. So it is fully effective.

Web: The effective area of the web is the same as the column.
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

The effective width is: beff = 255 mm

Aeff = 73,46 cm2
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 19 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Effective elastic modulus:

The effective elastic modulus is determined under bending only. EN 1993-1-1
Flange: The flange is not Class 4. So it is fully effective. 6.2.9.3 (2)
Web: The effective section modulus is the same as the column.
The effective width is: beff = 611 mm

be1 = 0,4 beff = 244 mm

be2 = 0,6 beff = 367 mm
bt = 0,5 c = 396 mm

The properties of the effective cross-section can be calculated:

Iy,eff = 117582 cm4
Weff,y,min = 2772,1 cm3
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Note: For a symmetrical cross-section, there is no shift of the centroid of the

effective area Aeff relative to the centroid of the gross cross-section. So,
eNy = eNz = 0

8.3 Verification of the cross-section to bending

moment and axial force EN 1993-1-1
N Ed M + N Ed eNy 6.2.9.3
1 = + y,Ed 1
f y Aeff / M0 f yWeff,y,min / M 0 EN 1993-1-5
4.6
124900 670,6.106 + 124900 0
1 = + = 0,729 1 OK
355 7346 / 1,0 355 2772100 / 1,0

8.4 Verification of the shear buckling resistance

of the rafter EN 1993-1-1
hw 0,81 6.2.8 (2)
= 133 > 72 = 72 = 58,3 with = 1,0
tw 1,0
So, the shear buckling resistance for web without intermediate stiffeners
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

should be checked.
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 20 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

The shear buckling resistance is calculated from:

Vb,Rd = Vbw,Rd + Vbf,Rd EN 1993-1-5

w f y hw t w 5.2 (1)
Where Vbw,Rd is the contribution of the web: Vbw,Rd =
M1 3
and Vbf,Rd is the contribution of the flanges.
fy EN 1993-1-5
Slenderness parameter: w = 0,76
cr 5.3

2
t EN 1993-1-5
with cr = k E and E = 190000 w Annex A
hw
There is no intermediate transverse stiffener along the rafter, so:
k = 5,34
And: E = 10,7 N/mm2
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355
So, cr = 5,34 10,7 = 57,14 N/mm2 and w = 0,76 = 1,894 1,08
57,14
Lets consider the assumption of non-rigid end post: EN 1993-1-5
w = 0,83 / w = 0,438 Table 5.1
0,438 355 800 6 10 3
So, Vb ,w,Rd = =430,9 kN
1,0 3

The contribution from flanges can be ignored: Vbf,Rd = 0

V 150,4
Then: 3 = 3 = Ed = = 0,349 < 1 EN 1993-1-5
Vbw,Rd 430,9 5.5 (1)

Note that since 3 < 0,5 , the effect of the shear force on the moment EN 1993-1-5
resistance may be neglected. 7.1 (1)
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 21 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

8.5 Verification of the buckling resistance

The buckling resistance of the rafter is checked using the following criteria
(no bending about the weak axis, Mz,Ed = 0):

N Ed M y,Ed
+ k yy 1
y N Rk M y,Rk EN 1993-1-1
LT
M1 M1 6.3.3
N Ed M y,Ed
and + kzy 1
z N Rk M y,Rk
LT
M1 M1

The kyy and kzy factors will be calculated using the Annex A of EN 1993-1-1.
Note: My,Ed = Mz,Ed = 0 because eNy = eNz = 0
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Determination of the buckling length about yy-axis:

The buckling length for buckling about the strong axis of the rafter is
determined from a buckling analysis, assuming that the portal frame is
restrained against the horizontal displacement. The first buckling mode (see
sketch below) is obtained for:

cr = 76,43
The critical axial force for in-plane buckling is derived from this amplification
factor:

Ncr,y = cr NEd = 76,43 124,9 = 9546 kN

Note that the buckling length may also be derived from this analysis:

EI y 210000 120550 104

Lcr,y = = 16180 mm
N cr 9546 103
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 22 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Regarding the out-of-plane buckling, the member is laterally restrained at

every 3,0 meters. Then:

Lcr,z = 3,00 m and Lcr,LT = 3,00 m

Buckling resistance of rafter EN 1993-1-1

Buckling about yy-axis (Lcr,y = 16,18 m) 6.3.1.3 (1)
Aeff f y 7346 355 6.3.1.2 (4)
y = = = 0,5228
N cr,y 9546 103

Buckling curve : b (y = 0,34) EN 1993-1-1

[ (
y = 0,5 1 + y 0,2 + ) 2
y ] Table 6.2
y = 0,5 [1 + 0,34 (0,5228 0,2) + 0,5228 ] = 0,6915 2
6.3.1.2 (1)
1 1
y = = = 0,874
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y + 2
y
2
y
0,6915 + 0,69152 0,52282

The buckling resistance for buckling about the strong axis is:

Nby,Rd = y Aeff fy / M0 = (0,874 7346 355 / 1,0).10-3 = 2279 kN

Buckling about zz (Lcr,z = 3,00 m)

EI 210000 2766 10
N cr,z = 2 2 z = 2 = 6370 kN EN 1993-1-1
Lcr,z 30002
6.3.1.3 (1)
Aeff f y 7346 355
z = = = 0,6398
N cr, z 6370 103

Buckling curve: c (z = 0,49) EN 1993-1-1

[ (
z = 0,5 1 + z 0,2 + ) 2
z ] Table 6.2
6.3.1.2 (1)
z = 0,5 [1 + 0,49 (0,6398 0,2) + 0,63982 ] = 0,8124
1 1
z = = = 0,7619
z + 2
z
2
z
0,8124 + 0,8124 2 0,6398 2
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

The buckling resistance for buckling about the weak axis is:

Nbz,Rd = z Aeff fy / M0 = (0,7619 7346 355 / 1,0).10-3 = 1987 kN

Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 23 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Lateral torsional buckling (Lcr,LT = 3,00 m) NCCI

The critical moment is calculated from:
SN003
2 EI z
2
I w Lcr,LTGI t
M cr = C1 + 2
L2cr,LT Iz EI z
670,0 kNm

266 kNm

3,00 m

The C1 factor is derived from the moment ratio which is:

= 266 / 670,6 = 0,40
So: C1 =1,39
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2 210000 2766 104 4557000 30002 80770 334100

M cr = 1,39 102 +
30002 106 2766 2 210000 2766 104
Mcr = 3640 kNm

The slenderness for lateral torsional buckling is obtained from: EN 1993-1-1

Weff,y f y 2772,1 355 6.3.2.2
LT = = = 0,520
M cr 3640 103

The reduction factor is then calculated from the buckling curve d, and the EN 1993-1-1
imperfection factor is: LT = 0,76. Table 6.3
[
LT = 0,5 1 + LT ( LT - 0,2) + LT
2
] Table 6.4

LT = 0,5 [1 + 0,76 (0,520 0,2) + 0,5202 ] = 0,7568

and

1 1 6.3.2.2
LT = = = 0,7653
LT + LT
2
LT
2
0,7568 + 0,75682 0,520 2

Weff,y f y 2772,1 355 10 3

So, M b,Rd = LT = 0,7653 = 753,1 kNm
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

M1 1,0

The factors kyy and kzy are calculated according to Annex A of EN 1993-1-1
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 24 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

N Ed 124,9 EN 1993-1-1
1 1
N cr, y 9546 Annex A
y = = = 0,9983
N Ed 124,9
1 y 1 0,874
N cr, y 9546

N Ed 124,9
1 1
N cr,z 6370
z = = = 0,9953
N Ed 124,9
1 z 1 0,7619
N cr,z 6370

Critical axial force for the torsional buckling mode

A 2 EI w NCCI
N cr,T = (GI t + )
I0 h2 SN001
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For a doubly symmetrical section,

I 0 = I y + I z = 120550 + 2766 123300 cm4

2 210000 4557000.10
6
10560
N cr,T = (80770 33, 41. 10 4
+ )
123300.10 4 1000 30002
Ncr,T = 9219 kN

The slenderness for lateral torsional buckling has to be calculated assuming a

uniform bending moment along the member.

2 EI z
2
I w Lcr,LTGI t NCCI
M cr,0 = C1 + 2 with C1 = 1,0
L 2
cr,LT Iz EI z SN003
2 210000 2766 10 4 4557000 3000 2 80770 334100
M cr,0 = 1,0 102 + 2
30002 106 2766 210000 2766 10 4
M cr,0 = 2619 kNm

Weff, y f y 2772,1 355

0 = = = 0,613
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

M cr,0 2619 103

Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 25 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

N Ed N
0 lim = 0,2 C1 4 (1 )(1 Ed )
N cr, z N cr,T

with Ncr,TF = Ncr,T (doubly symmetrical section)

124,9 124,9
0 lim = 0,2 1,39 4 (1 )(1 ) = 0,2338
6370 9219
0 > 0 lim

y aLT
Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 Cmy,0 )
1 + y aLT

M y,Ed Aeff 670,6 73,46

with: y = = 100 =14,23 (Class 4)
N Ed Weff,y 124,9 2772,1
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It
and: aLT = 1 1,0
Iy

Calculation of the factor Cmy,0

Moment diagram along the rafter:

30m

2 EI y x N EN 1993-1-1
Cmy,0 = 1 + 2 1 Ed Annex A
L M y,Ed N cr, y
Table A2
My,Ed = maximum moment along the rafter = 670,6 kNm
x = maximum displacement along the rafter = 106 mm
2 210000 120550 104 106 124,9
Cmy,0 = 1 + - 1 = 0,9927
300002 670,6 106
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

9546
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 26 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

Calculation of the factors Cmy and Cm,LT :

y aLT
Cmy = Cmy,0 + (1 Cmy,0 )
1 + y aLT

14,23 1,0
Cmy = 0,9927 + (1 - 0,9927) = 0,9985
1 + 14,23 1,0

aLT EN 1993-1-1
CmLT = Cmy
2
1
N Ed N Annex A
(1 )(1 Ed )
N cr,z N cr,T

1,0
CmLT = 0,99852 = 1,014 1
124,9 124,9
(1 - )(1 - )
6370 9219
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Calculation of the factors kyy and kzy : EN 1993-1-1

y 0,9983 Annex A
k yy = CmyCmLT = 0,9985 1,014 = 1,024
N Ed 124,9
1- 1-
N cr,y 9546

z 0,9953
kzy = CmyCmLT = 0,9985 1,014 = 1,021
N Ed 124,9
1- 1-
N cr,y 9546

Verification with interaction formulae

N Ed M y,Ed EN 1993-1-1
+ k yy 1
y f y Aeff Weff,y f y 6.3.3
LT
M1 M1
124,9 670,6
+ 1,024 = 0,967 <1 OK
2279 753,1
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Document Ref: SX030a-EN-EU Sheet 27 of 27

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made
of fabricated profiles
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1
Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date April 2006
Checked by Alain Bureau Date April 2006

N Ed M y,Ed
+ k zy 1
z f y Aeff Weff,y f y
LT
M1 M1
124,9 670,6
+ 1,021 = 0,972 <1 OK
1987 753,1
So the buckling resistance of the member is satisfactory.
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles

Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
SX030a-EN-EU

Quality Record

RESOURCE TITLE Example: Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of
fabricated profiles

Reference(s)

ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

Name Company Date

Created by Arnaud LEMAIRE CTICM 09/01/2006

Technical content checked by Alain BUREAU CTICM 09/01/2006

Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SCI 23/5/06

2. France A Bureau CTICM 23/5/06

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 23/5/06

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

4. Germany C Mller RWTH 23/5/06

5. Spain J Chica Labein 23/5/06

Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 12/9/06

Coordinator

TRANSLATED DOCUMENT

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Translated resource approved by:

Created on Wednesday, December 07, 2011

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