(EN PUBLICATIONS 19 MESOPOTAMIAN ASTROLOGY ‘An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination ay Ulta Koc WesreNHoLZ, ‘THE CARSTEN NIEBUHR INSTITUTE OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES MUSEUM TUSCULANUM PRESS +1995 » UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN© 195 by Ula Kod Weer 8 Maen Tai rt ove di: Thr Fake Stim Ade Gamo 1313 Pred a Denby Sel Tesi Vio 2 ISBN 002 409 mais Su aan Pongo (the Dh Recah Coe fr eh Mama) ora Tina Po DRED Cac § CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION . “The Aan Bucground Chapeer2 BRIEF HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIAN ASTROLOGY “The Third Milenio... “The Old. Babylonian Prod “The Middle etd : “The Peripheral Ares The Fit Milenin hoper 3 THE NEO-ASSYRIAN PERIOD “The Souter Dramatis Pertome hope 4 ‘THE RECEIVED TRADITION Chapecrs ‘THE WORKING PRINCIPLES . “The Moon The S “The Weather, Eager “The Pliner and ied Seer Joie ae Situn Venus Mercy. q Mare The Fike Ste 4 4 36 ” o7 ° M3 hs hs 0 m2 2s 7 ba 0Chapter 6 PRACTICE, ‘Cae Sealy haper? ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS Caper # "THE PERSIAN AND SELEUCID PERIODS ‘Anpendc A: Repos Weiten on March 15 669 BC. ‘Append: The Gest Sear List Appendix C: Li of Babylon Str Names Biography int of Abbreviations wr 40 132 162 180 7 a7 no FOREWORD, “This bok simendl io eve a gene ntadtion to Meapotnian| stelogy, bath outward phenomens and it ane stare. Ii my ‘i ha ay be fies and wet researchers in fs ouside of Asilgy such a tholgins, nicl schol, and anoplogis, [Neves hope shat even she specialism Mesopotamian asology nay find meting of value in ny work ave ied 0 sech the istry of ena aslo on Msp nin fo iis in te cid elev to i ansformaton drag, the Later bal of be ft mien: ut the main emphasis has been paced on the NewAuyan pio, capcom the petiod of dhe Sago king since thi idem when las Babylonian sol seems o have Bena the eight of moran. Anyway the Bes documented period “The shor lieratre as be ind, tar a 1 cul peo 1998: bouche oveights may over centr or ren ore. Ive ax been ble to ake il imo acount S. Papa Leen fom Aan aa Babylonian Schlon. SAA 10 (193) and Di lle de Aron in den Kul Mexpotaniens, Greer Moenindiche Sudio 31993), T wih fo express my waren gratia o Dr: Mogens Tell Lasen, Sima Pipl and Ange Wesel, who read through eater versions oF the book and offered any ing commen. aie, and eocourge- "The publican of his book was mde posible by ga fom the Dani Rech Counc fr the Honan Copebagen, Angst 1994 te Koch WaeleINTRODUCTION Divina ss welLigh nivel phenomenon, ound in oe form or extern pracy all mah saci moder and ance. Tei seal ich ce forthe sol and mol vale well he Ince eadewour, of many acl a sour tat in he ase ‘Menta has onl been il capped “Teco odio evi oy! thee a the on inode by Cito Cr hit sou) co debe allenic Sinem, Caw. dtiguibed beween “aca” and “acl” ‘inion (De dinate 1.1, 226, “Nac dination id, imped commaniaons fom the go at "the ind a fom vio eg ds andr. Ari” dvintin inade rey lucrin he go wil Bordo app these dino 1 xyenian ‘vation under the tee dition impr aodditebe™ While ined dvnaon cally Ansen Mexpoans, Kapp to ve bor of nor inporance® andthe blk af our ou the ‘omen compen, concen dee dia, the lowing stall tea exclave ih te ae. cP M fk" Sanofi Maa: Aisi So | tonsa » ate 0, «st mate cryin Ma frolic wsun' u l of Cn Sy penn id 350 0 Menai “Te or i mh. 2391 Coaeing hy Ant in en ogee he mgd on Ie fmm and tow ee OU Toma ae ha fn A a Rg Zam ey Dae. haar ig_ermopucrion ‘Within his dedsive divination, eit patito igus beeen 140 tame, pov and unprovoked omens! Powoked omens ate ately ‘oogh by tal, eg xpi and leanomancy, unprovoked divination {she inespretion of occurences that, 0 10 sy, appear without beng Asked for eg alg. It should be noted chat bk provoked sod {improved ees ae inept aceoeding wo known cules ~ there no plsce within the sysematand divin for the inte orc, othe a foe spsnclr event, i tht ominous igs fom ascogy and centipicy ate lid loo when seen in dram (Oppencim remo 205), bu there or hr interpretation te the nant oe. ‘Our dsincion berwcen provakel and unprovoked divination doer indeed comepond in some mresture aie rele. The wa dviacny icine were practi by dierne exper: the bt vines whose Iman fd ws provoked onens, exp and Ieomancy, and the tuple, setbecholar, whoee expertise included unprovoked omens and ‘hore, Some of te ler even bare he preigios tte par Emme ‘an Enlil oe blo, Chapter 3), The unprovoked omens ate alo ofen fd belong tthe ld ofthe aia, execs? — the scribes of EAB own from late Ur (ce per 8) were sometines alo exo dacendant ofthe exorcit karan oe the bd Stlegeannin.* The ‘Asya sologes lo tet othe coe relation ofthe wo aipline unter the dinton should nor dnt ws othe ase ines of che diinatry patie in hse basic theory, interpretive principe a schemata The ts teary itt even cota with ign ‘appear then ye conc, The inert principe are aly faa suc, but some rules ae ade explicit thee caper ofthe Iver divination ser Gmail) and 10 some exten aso in the 2 Gig af 14 35. Ul ome © GLU Joe 98190 9 1 slic commenai like Sama Sn ine timate p 105 DA Simple rule that is common to all Kinds of Babylonian divination i of slmst mathemati sigue within che sme omen a god sign combined With god ign asa god prediction: good combined with Und mes bad bad combined with bad means good. Eepesed algeria, the rae abo fiir tous ¢ += 954 =n —— 4 An ale quoted example hire found inthe suo texts if well atending plane Ts right: fovurble (6 + = «if ei ine nfvourble (6 = = Ye fan iporending planet i bh: wafsvourable - + = —) if i fae favourable (= ), Buc he rule might ao be lasted fom txts oF ispicy of lecnorancy a ently a¢ Old Babylonian "The provoked omens ae sgh deliberately snug r anwer epee ston Foemlly adel hep By thee very ate, sch sigs tre alway sent by gods Unprovole ens ay Tiewie be rege a willed divine communications or they may be sen a8 “sigs” i) Tihout any sender, ike ur lack ct cousing the ree, oF what we ‘ould cl” rynpcon” This ables beeen 2 heii abd 2 mech Tinie worl view permeser much of Babonta thought and ir dy ‘ete in the atoll texts, The concuding paragraph of the at Cable ofthe lane (ei) section ofthe ees Eni Anu El ates all che ems contin i the pcg blest be “ane of Sin" (ce bow p 999. The stead panes weet eel safes of gos but ao sen to hve en godin thi own igh Cog, Saar, ‘blow p 1249, Sometimes el omens Fm a plane were ee sche ‘pression of anger of the god who celal inne the prc plane so (eg LAS 268, Jopiter» Maru) otha pace god a 0 be {pps hi way, meager could be sent ely fom 2 gol vo che ing, a i S4A 827 where HeeSun-ere teres apicous Venu foment aan expreion af he lve ahold forthe king. The sigs wee no alway sen by gd tough bis parca plant. Sometimes the de ares 0 anil the ees bodies a hey plese 28 9 SAA 18430, where am auspicious omen makes NabO-gbi exci, “AB, ‘Shana and Maul ave grated tthe king my lod, table hone forever fr long day” Sina, Nakai writes (SAA 8 63): "The gods ve opened the crs oF che king my lord. anything sholdhappen to the kings tha he sould Become wore Je the gods) ‘wou Frtvth sd sign Fam the Reve ig ‘Ar theme ime, he elason beween minus event and cherie prentions could be reid ae par of purdy mechanical scheme of things An interesting example Found inept, SAA 8 25, from NNepltieo Eeshaddon. Pengo eclipe ofthe moon i Adana anuaty 673 B.C), he does eink wl erin 0 che king — which inthe even i i nt since i wat 2 pri elipe covering the quer ‘oF the moon pring to Elm and Arma ~ bu Jupiter and Venus vwete no vile a he prbably i aware of He continues (3 “Fy make (he observation) forte wellbeing ofthe king te cy andi people the wl be wel In th egg f dhe yest a Dood il come and break the des" Whea the noon has mde he ep ts the king, my ld sould write ro me Ara subse fr the King wil cu through dit, herein Babylonia, ia the middle of the night No ose wil ee abou i So Nerpl-tie proposes io avert the Nod hy fling the spodoss on 3 small sae hich on bel of the King, Afr 2 ttl Laat eds, Munnobie (SAA 8316) sugges thatthe king remove a Inder (rbd) from the Chaldeans or Areas fom ofc and ths et these people tb the Br ofthe portended disaster. This also seems an temp ‘yout he pote ei on 3 manageable aerate han por ing the prolonged far pa ial, whic cherie had the sae ect of fring » stints for the King, Av aporopie il was aes an ‘option In LAS 35, Bassas the king should no wory unduly abou tah carthquae, sine "he (3) who made che earthquake also made an Spat val Gnmburba again the gd has opened the ets ‘ofthe king” In fcr, or bad omens cold be reed mechanically by pesfrming the apprpre armbar This ia far xy Fm the go Fang the univer by thee immunable wil 2 Papo (LAS If sub LAS 35) aye tha in "Saronie Anyi omens wee jst in contemporary Ina ~ given ¢ mor content and understood sign of divine please or pene with the come fh ing Bur performing tbe soup] tals which las ivaled prays ‘nd fing wa by 0 mens emus the king wa lo suppoted ‘rol i wey of if” (Papa's ai) bebve this rahe a ove Jmerpeation ofthe lst passe ofthe Fetes under dicusion (Fo Tala concersing ak ext: "The gd ha ‘opened the ean’ of he ‘ing. He soul pend it hands to she god Gi pray) and porn che mbar abe onthe ler.” Very rely were ome sett war of ‘mor filing! but when that happen, cere sno meton of pac ‘cme. And only exceptionally were omens ought ola ce Cause of mafrtne? Enel, Babylonian diviaation was conrad ih dhe Bre, oe che pa ‘An Epic Bai of Bablnin Divination? ‘Acorn ro she Babylonians thea, dvination was once lou go reve to mankid by the gods Gee p74. But it sares some ofthe fining ie of moder science: objective and alee, pent tccovdng known ul and is data ae onidred ively ali and ‘in be Inked up in writen butions. So perhaps i ne supe, tha alone among she coun vinatry sates af he wold, Babylon ian divin hs been sled with an empl background The cle "isoricl”oment hae afen been taken eo prove chat dvnacon inde had an empiial bss and some have even sen ther a fore runner hioiography° The wu fama of such “istve” omens cng he pt dale pening pst iyo isso Chose ptt 0970) 9ie a falloms “lf ee fri ie Hon men of Naam Sin who eed he wort! "The dicsion has Focised mainly on the Babylonian divinrory Aisiplne par xls, etpicy. The argument it that roi the tominews phenomenon, wat ike to apodos, the sige vent, by icumstantalasocinton”. The deal ofthe ei Fa sherp er feed one muse azume, fr prponsunreled co dviatio, pu the pen in change of ee serie ot the lets tha he ike with {contemporaneous hark een nd recorded i fr Fae erence? “This ge would be represented by the adet known extiicy teats the liver models fom Ma (a. 1475 BC), a indeed,» suber ofthese ‘mod ein oo incontoverble poo ofthe hypothesis: when his ‘ora even ook plas, the Tver looked ike thi” A imran bs ‘been propos for ogy by P. Haber who sages that una elipes ‘were linked othe deh aces Old Aladin kings ae Below p38) ‘Such empirical eablsed mene ae wi we ell “hore! omens ‘Goudy falling the empiri sage, che argumen ges on, came te theoreal stage when the onion were writen dows in lg tabular compendia on tablet. At the same tine, the empital Rds were “ped inacondance withthe cde" Le nat of peer ues ora theoreti sytem, and staining Has i the ss, for whieh no compl dita were sable, could be filed out by interplaton.* Tn ome sch anes, i i, dvsation devoped fiom a simple Fok price, capable f giving yerorno anewer only co pede quenions, to 4 aywemaied science, covering nly all obsenabe thenomena and pening devil predons of usancpted evens, ts wall giving detailed novos ro qe, The eechnolgiladtane 2 Spe, he lef Hy de Aci Na Bat 9 i sh Sa (89) 9.9 > ha i rn 9099 Se LW Ma gp 0 a 2m 70 OE a he se pt Insrropucrion chat made the devclopment posible was wring only writing cul stare ‘he immense arioune of deta or ter rete In my opinian, the ides of an empl background of Babylonian lvinaion i very dic o phold, Various objections may be rasa gin i and shall enon 2 ew bey Tris general speed by modem philosopher of cence thar knowledge shout te work ir rly obained by purely empical observation, ithe sme eexiting theory to negate the observed data! In other ‘wo the “cicumstania soiatin” sumed abe dhe fountiead a the historia omens, in al ually. eis nr explain by the proponent a he theory why che Sumerians ever deveopedsaything onthe sce of Babylonian divination, In it, 2 ptly Alkan origin has opened been sugested The “hor” ens frm very sll ior (abue 1 0 2000) in ahe vit Babylonian ivntory stem, ih a oely aborted theory and estematnon hat hain wo da with Mor. The the wo oF more difeen protses ae rebated 10 che sae sore event night be taken eo indie eat therein bere ah obious phenomenon andi sigicance was ot nce exis by emp Cl eine The “hit” embedded in the omens shows 3 remarkble lprement ot so much wi iol it we know ther withthe “Hvis wadion, Le ce Olt Babylon saga and the Inter cho ices about the third millennium, withthe penchant for he ire ad cdo nother woud the "hire omen ar 0 more aod ees gc NR Manu, an of Din (95 sp: "Cy aK jen Mela 9S Bry 99 ple dp * Gh 98 nO jn wnt ig Nem a go 9 Set cy Cps, “A Des he Hi of ial One ‘tun f99 Ew pn le, Bema Cp Sal het teapdbn aNovica the re of the OM Babylonian horton, and ‘they mut be accounted fr in other way “Te liver model fom Mar rom abou 1875 B.C ate no only che carr known tet of Babylonian divination, but alo far peter frpodtion of dem are histori” omens, i ie no wonder tht thy have become the eamnersane ofthe “empccisn” hypothesis. These 32 liver model all incbd, were found together with tale of vais omens wien more than a ener Iter, in 2 room in Zim’ palace? Thee nso at aa miner of the lal Mari dake ad Ely Old Babylonian? bu the abject are prey Babylonian, 0 they were presumably made in Mai on bass of Bbylnin protorypes, os likely fr purposes of nso, The inseripion fallow fur hase pars 1) “Omen of tam) [ysl mame place ame Feel” (Nox 6, 8,9, 1, 13a, 16, 17, 18. 2) "When (non) [ove append, tok ike this" (Nos 7,1, 22) 3) "1 Gum (vent happen (Nos 11, 14 15 8b, 21,2427, 30 31, 32). For et ad“ wl look ike this” (12,19, 23,29) 4) ent alone (Nor. 123, 136, 156,20, 25,26, 28, 306). This spe simply cones te shape af the lier with the eve I ils dyer tthe ps a wel the Fu ‘The gnphic information on the Mas les, ie he prt ven in the shape and masking ofthe model thera, tly ole ‘exten be “ead sng the sane cade cha pis in heater lve models ‘rey lgmct ote pi ean na nt 2 a {la mpd oh 2 Senay 9p 4 od do Aad BO IS 7A 16 Insrrooucrion and dvinatory tee! Le would sem, the, a the code mas 2 wel ‘Salida lenin hese xy tensa it woul be bold hima mpl bc forthe code ‘Grup 3 ley fre of how the lie il pps asxiton wih speci even. Group 2 would then be a ecostetion of what thelr would have lok ke in auction wih spectacle ply lesa events in the ps. Common eo both the basi stumpion ofthe interconnection f sign and een: when x pet its ore in, ad fee pribl ocvjcare hever would Hook kein the past well a he ure sir rexaing prbebly onder mae “tive” amen. could een be agi ha the ite” podoses| ney served the sme base pone oer paces, aml 0 comey Iver the fenure decd in the prose war a vounble or at {foal omen Fly, cay be sted why Babylonian dvinnton would be esetialy mot npr than ay of he hous of deduce dvinatory stems wn Fall pref the worl, Renae Devic hat suggested 0 sinrsand Afi divination ae prt Fa cmprekesve semantic se inelocking with ll ae arcs of peopk's epeence? He abo tise by othr who ak dination che sot of cen fora "preci" annety-educing device "his rgunent rooted ina Wester page and posite phish and comfort ielogy which presappoe hat mary over a descaling envio Ine compel gol forall sti, Li Seu (La pod avn 1962) and Saline (Clare end Practical Regan, 1976) question the (aon oe Rg gis nen me co Sp An OAS fil hi owives ofthis asumpson and ae whether he asc interes i ome tociies would nat aber be sea. Train divination canoe be Sail to be prescient any ere than ay other authentic symbolic practi, nr cn it be do be conuaty to rion old i it quail diferent." However, thre cn be no doube that to most Mesopotamian, including tome ofits practitioner, divination was nothing more and shingles than a mea to pedir ehe fare ~ noc very real, ‘rape, but che Bex thy ad But this pat view ofthe era doer or prsde har Babylonian dvnmon in its agin had eter goss ese, pepe along the ines sgt by Devt, There non at The Dvir Manual, refering 10 the ieeconsection of sigs in the hemens and signs on Eth, andthe ambolic carer of the cade of ler dvinrion uggs hare thinker, more sven here than mnere fortune lng fom car, We sould not confine the engine’ tary of mains and forces wih the phy’ probing of the Unive and mos of wha we have of men xs belong othe engineer eter ~ dition in is pata ppl fon “The legendary characte f the “iso” omens, and te imposbiley of some ofthe ominous vets sich ae she noo beng eclipsed on the a0! day, strongly sugges dae whiter wa the bat of Baylin vnaon, ie wie ot epi Face Erp obserton may have layed i par bu as not adam Te solution mast be sought thee ‘Our ows maura iene t based on premises imple hai i telly hen for gates ‘Thing have asoding 1 univer vd laws ee our tsk eo dicoer those Ls, andthe means to do 50 i sheratin, supported by the contol experiment. In simi Shion, abyonin divination i bed on a very imple popasiton: Things in the Univer elt 0 one anther, Any event, however ml, a te ere 2 Ses nck Insrooucrion more cores somewhere ee in he word, This wa eed 0 in day of yore hy the gs nd rea oe and ean that body ‘of knowledge. The mean odo 0 petal pculaion sopplementd by abserntion, Thee sno evidence tht she Mewpotamia clas ve atenpted to vei the vel of thir speculations by experimen Neverthe the NeoAayian axoogets undoubtedly beled in eh cat and fund ie confined by evens. For example, in LAS 298, ‘Alan lhe king that the ere sy in conection wit this Nae clip: I Jair i preset in ee elie, all well with the king, 2 toe diary wil den his pace” Did the king py terion vo fu mah ha oe ye ped ore) hie ude ly deal” (Once the cnclaton between the oninow gy and the event bad become ets aft, it only to be expected har momentous isto evnts and ther ecompanying "sgn? woud be recorded aod ne ita te omen edition, In hay we nigh aecoune forthe few ‘mens mentoning kings fom OM Bayonian 10 Neo-Ayrin ime! ~ the eet reves af the “empidcisn” hypothe abn Aarlgy “Trans Babylonian aslo dies in wo importa aspects fom the cer Boylniandiviontory dcipines tt geographically oented — Iman of i spoons aly vo pee counties, cero atone! ~ and ici aloe wll conceal wh the wellve ofthe state and the king 2 pena public, Tn fiw cater, however, dhe apodone of the soleil omens appre concen the King 84 pate individ The interns of the Ling and the ld werent alwys the sate, appents From dhe omen ‘quoted by Aplin SAA 8 3635-1 the Kingster approaches he moon aed Stands there the ing wl ve many dys, the land ell wo poser Nel sys about dhe same occuence in SAA 8 283: "The sgn nha S10 pe 8-4 Se »hich eel the hing i oo forthe nd, the sgn which is ood fa he lind is ei forthe king In sive BAE tablet 21 pei "Fan eclipse ozs om the M4 Ul.» rev for the king. Ihe «clipe des noes the king Rains inthe sky ad Noodng of the sive vel case: Thee wil be famine inthe land, se people wl el hi hiden” This conic of interest ewe the king and hi coun id ot ex in etic? "ven though some concept in Hellenistic arly wer of Babylonian igi ie inporane tote the fade irene erween the wo Moder atolegy is of caune a development of Hellenic slog, and the techniques employed today have bs not changed since the Renizanc. Morn a clas aetolgy often thet foe of casing “horacopes” which concern the fx and chracer of che Individual. Cail Babylonian anroogy dae concn the inva | touche public good ofthe sate and the king, ley si Hella asclogy presepose a Pelee groentic,connoogy, wid he ext suounded by the sven concentric planetary spheres The tere sublunar, world was pcre as shrply sted roms the clei, Super el. In Hellenic and adem aslo, hc lel bd are belived err vet phys nfuenee onthe sublanar wold and ‘epecily man by ean of pel Babylonia we ve no eve ar 3 th diiron re Page Hn ie “nt sci os is ‘hat we hl lil peo he pre 20 nernopucrion 1 change fom the ancient patie comoogy, whee underwodl, eth tnd even te lowly intercnneced, There ino evidence that the ‘movement ofthe cell bodes were eer envied a peti even in the lest and mot advanced wage of Babylonian maemo fm! In Babylonian ssoogy the eles bodies and phenomena (in ‘lading wind and wether at sch are not sipped ro dec events oF fer any influence through eye oF otherwise ~ ther movemen’, Sppeances and potion ate vega a "ign, a, Thee ign my ieee a communietions om the gods, or a independent sig of dhe beleccring-he wrest gp, ‘Ara le atronomy and atology ave aay been eet separately, ile in et dey wee ever egudel as sept before the end ofthe Renssne ~ and eran norm Ancien Merpotmi. What ea be lsc primal satvonamicl texts know ro the is al fee Fit milena, the atrovomical compendium Madapin (which abo ontine amin) andthe sa elena, mane 3c. (the So-ld “Anrolaba, were we 3s eeence books by the asolges and were an Inga pre of the lesning? For expe, Ueedunere (LAS 319) recommends tha the aoe be dawn in a bl of Ema Ana Enlil, 2 tha he king can cra for hil the caret interpretation of Daria been, Race Halon? recommends that hiss ai Frente Beawcen the spec gol a mathode of aint astronomy tnd slog. She pins ou tht nt prod separate ene of as00 ‘ol and slog et, and we should not aah 00 much impo tance thet dha one copy of ephemeris recall pdr Ena ‘Ann En. Bt she san see that “ihe cing and teres a the ters in both tho aris very Uke seme fom one incl ‘exon else lik continued lo daring the vlan of mathe 2 Tl ote wy in cms 1S ao 248 a ES 2 oan sr “Thine er ds at rai 9 aIpernopucrion ‘cl aonomy, The zie, which arguably wt nvented for atonom| poses iis wed sa velerence point in mathematial aronomil texts — wa incorporated ino asoogy, both the new Frm. rosa, tnd in development ofeld-sioned omen tes. The shorthand forme fhe ares of planet and terial ign wa aed bh in sono teal a wala ate atologial and magia exe ‘With the rie of mathematical sono in the ih century B.C, by which ie Became pomle wo ealclte the movemests of dhe planets ad Predi eclpses i is hard vo understand how such evens eal be een 2 porentour ident of wild communication fom the gd Ini the whole dpi of suology became fundamen changed, bu in ie base principlr ait aes, wil be dexerbed below, Caper 8, "The Astronomical Background Sine the feats ofthe sgh sy may be unmilarto 2 number of reader ~ hoe who del in cies hardy eer havea chance to aegusine themsches with pant and mare mets ~3 Few wore thea nomial bkground fr Babylonian nology maybe in one. “The fed str, The i wat ae clled this bce they matin Sed pon in elation 0 ech other. To a Babylonian obser ooking south he st wil sen to ove towards dhe ight in cea it ‘round the eli noth pole fom cr wet, One poin app 0 ty innoble, the clei noth pol, the point ofthe eesti per direc above the Earths geoph orth ple (The celestial Souk ple, ‘aval roms Babli, gored here). Te sare move pall the pee cc a 9” distance fom dhe nh poe the eles equator iF Ferent prs ofthe eel sphere i ible fo diferent postions on Earth An aberver in Babylonia wou nly be eo ae dw as that then had decimation north of 58, The appstance ofthe igh hy changes over the entre due to a phenomenon ela peceion. The Earth's axis does nor enn steady br wobble ike chat of pining ‘op so thatthe elatilpoles do ne mista theme posans anon, n nergopucrion the sat The coil north ple slowly mover around the ple af the scl, ad in 1000 BC, the nach ple wat ear Uns min. At he tate time, the equinox move toads he wet 0 the eli 13°50 in 1000 yeas In 1800 BI. vernal quinox war in Tawra, ear be Pads (ng 52°40); in 1000 B.C it had moved to Aes lang 38). Two thousand yes, she veal equinox was sil n Ares one 2745, an chi day stonomer retin the name “he Fe pin of ‘re athe 0 poi forest efetences, eo though tay vernal qunon is acl ia the conse Pio. Toy, the modal ie ‘es coves the zodiacal smalton Pie. The prceson mci ht ie she bce fee ss emain more ores he same, tony she Tonge of the wars change but ala tei ight ascension and decline Dilferent st ate prominent ight a ifrene soo. ei posible ‘co we the hens both ara dock aid calendar and coe the Inline ring cersin tt with censin months done in the scl lbs, oat clea. Tit bee thew appt to move i tclvion to the sear. The sider day (the tine taken for one daly Focation ofthe cele sph) ff minutes sorter dan the sole dy. “The sar perpetually seem 9 overtake the sun »“The Babylonians divided che xed sar nt thee woup: the wa of ‘An, Elland FT which prop dey belong depended, fr most of them, on where dey rose on the Eater hoon, The hort was vided imo the Paths of Anu, Eland Es. The Path of Es est the ont, Ana iin the mide, and Enlist the south The bound ‘econ the Path ay be glee from the el elrdar of Matai (Hunger and Pingee Mulgpin . 880, scaring co which the san send ~ the Path of An rom the 1 of Adda (XID 0 the 308 of Aj (0) Gait ofthe un 290-250") ~ the Path of Enlil rom the 1 of Sinan (i) unl the 30 of Abu (99 Gaimath ofthe sun 2502402509 ~ the Path An fom the 1 of Ulli (V0) co he 30 of Aran (Vit) asim ofthe sun 250-2909 the Patho Ea fom the 1” of Kis (DX) the 30" of abu OD) (simu ofthe un 2903002904, (ee iron page 25) ‘The up, The sus, sal the moon ad the Fpl ake pt inthe «hile rozation af the st, but hey lo soe i ei 0 se 2 well at ech ther, They alway say within the aod bel, 0 ‘iter sd ofthe elie The path of the sun, the exp isn she idle ofthe sda bel, During the year the sun comple one ll ice moving towards thee, entry eo the daily moron, though "Te tig tt Ja at oe ih nh We en os ie a a A 50 pda ai oo all he constelsins ofthe aod. ‘The plane ofthe ele iteet wrth tha of the equator at an agle of 23°27. The wo points of Intcction ate the eqinons. Vera equinox ithe intention bere theelpic and the equator where he un pats on way to omy ‘nation, Stating in he versal equnas the eclipic divided ato 12 prs of 30a, he zie iae. The zai gu se a mathemati onstruction and do not cotespond othe portion ofthe sky ocaped by the aaa omllaon whore names they bes. Te af “The Moon. The non eves though the zodiac in ite ethan 30 diy (nade mot) The nee moon Ft becomes isle in the vein, just ser sunset. Ding the fllowing 15 days Uap, che moon ttl moves aay fom the evenings, wang, unt it a opps ‘on (fll oon) ansible light. Then i approaches dhe moming a, wing, ula nsomany i gsi ia concion and dpe Inthe ay the ing un Un he Bonin hat lear the mood stated athe essing of che new moon. a5Istrooverion 202 N 2 A : oe — io Ph of the ni i ah srg sh “The motion of the maon i very complicit indeed du othe ip form ofthe lunar obit. The plane ofthe moon's bie inined rows thee at an angle fsbo 5, andthe vo points fine, the “nar nods", move along she epic making a comple cle in 18 ye ad 6 months Eclipses Ar slept oon ns xc beceesn the Ea nd {he sun. The shad ofthe moon Blacks out thes ight fr» sal ‘exon Bath, By concen, he un a he aon ppt be of the ‘ness these covered by th moon's tbr, where he dis is en a compleely covered by the moon (Yel sleep) i ery small abouts hundred lores in meter, ade moves arose the ufc ofthe Eat asthe mo proceeds in iat andthe Earth route, Obviously, this can happen only at ew moon ju bor the be ning of Babyleian mon fan be sen only once in 360 yest nie action 2 alae clipe 6 nernopucrion [Aca lear eclpe the enon ene the shadow ofthe Kath, Lae eslpes can only occur when the moon i in oppaion to she su, that i fll moon, around the middle of «Babylonian mom, Els oF the moon ae aul rater than slr eis, ba snc lunar eligi inl from more chan Bal he sth, lana eds can be sen quite frequen in any gien plc. Tj Te de dei ef ip headed he peo pd te Te de brs trav a sea ei ie ‘Alana ecpse does no xing the ight ofthe moon ec, Since the Eath unlike the moon, his a atmoepere,sualighe i ected tough the acorghere into the dadow ofthe Bath. See fom the ‘moon where the pevoenon wouk! be egitered a slr lip) the anh inst appear at black dia, four ties che sae of the sm serounded by 3 ero ofthe mea lian suse aku imaginable = 1 de of Tie ain the blck, try ly. Sen rom here, the oon Cakes on a edith be, varying fom range to a dll ced-brown, Daring, {hana cle, the Eas dow can be een oan ars the die (of the all oa fron est 0 wes In some insane the Earth’ shadow fever only + part ofthe non, patil eps ”Ta pe The maximum number of elses in on lear years een ve sla sl owe ha four slr ened thre Planet. The pnes may be casi i eo groupe the if, oF inner poet: Merry ad Venus, ad the spe, or otter plete: “Mars Juper, ad Satu. Te planet or only enove sally slong the zodiac ie the roan sod the un, bt 2 ier ite em slow ‘lows inthe cours, renin satonay and ove west The iner pnts have bits around thew ise tha of che Eat, which means tha ey ca oly be sen within a ein tance (longa tion) fm the suns Meru is neer more tan 25° away and Venus 47 “This again ean hat they se oly wien he eesing afer suse, oF in the toting before suns. They ate ee in conjunction withthe once whe they stand Bese te un an the Earth (inferior cone junction) donee whes they ae the Br sie of the sn (npr ‘conjunction, at which pointy are of cou invisible, Arce | the Ent, an iver plane wll emer rom Instr eoajncion and move wo the we ofthe sun a4 moming sand ech mixin ongtion, saying ther or ash sine (be sasona) then move back caso tthe sun oad supevior conjunction, become invisible, ad expt a an eyeing a, mow 16 the eat fhe road ie 2 mum elongation, aay there fora short ime and hen move back sre tthe son toward infor canjuacion "The cute planet, on the other hand having obits cutie dha ofthe ath im be in postin t thes, viable all night They aot oly ‘move ten owas tees log the vic ke he sun anche moon but appear ow down and remain waco i elon eo che Raed sea then move backradstova the wet op iain and mre onc vel An outer planet ony becomes invisible one, ea conjunction with the ss Merry i difiele c0 obsee. His matin elongation of 28 ony above the hoon for abou a0 our ad al before air the wun, Mot ofthe tne ei vie, Iden ia the eight of ee aun o the mise af te orzo. Ii he far moving plane, with syndic prod of ony 116 dy "Ven iby fr he right exile, ccepe For thes and the ‘moon Ic is afin wsble even whe the suis above the horizon. Ks Taminsny doce not vty mich Is ye pid is 54 days Mars hae a diinciyredsh colour. Is luminosity vais gle, scoring i disance fr che arth ess fi lst bight te Joie. le synod peso 780 dy, Tie he bight pln ar Venus of bilan whic enous, ot ayn mach a miei and ly de daring etre of the night sky when in opposon so thes. Ie syaie period i 399 Aas sider period 11.86 year. Samm is much diner dha Jie, wih an alias constan luminaty of abou one fh oF Jupiter yma period i 378 days ise prod 2946 year, I hue some mving pant, which say be the veron for one oft Akin na, aio "he tel iw iy din and 9 Acronycal ingle wsble ing i he evening jut afer unset. "The ent evening he tar wl cay have en cust, »Introoucrion ‘Aimuthy The disse along the ova, mesure in dees om dae tou owas the wet Declination th dance om the ceil equator, mes in dgies, south dednation i negate Eahise: sound new mon, wen the moon les smo nine with ‘he as, igh fled Frm the Eat lurintes the oer dk pt ofthe mou’ hemisphere fing the Eat, This phesomenon i led Exebine Eelpi the apparent pth of he sun berwee the sts in ee idle of he aac bel Epes en nly occ when the moon iin oF vey lose co the elite Helical sing: es vile appearance of star ors plane onthe ener orion ju Before sci Helical etn: ile eng oF sro planes ju afr suse The next evening the a wl ley have eta sect andi longer vile a igh uti ert ea ig Laide! the dance fom the tps nese in dees The fide of he ani aay Longitude the diane slong the edi, menial in dares fom ‘weal equinox wards the est The longitade ofthe sn gos Fo 10 30" through the yea. Right ascension: the dissnce slong the clei equator msdn hots, minutes and seconds one hour eal 0 15° eoward the ct fiom the vernal equinox to ce investi af the quo wih et ice dough the str an he eet pole. 30 Sere pid the ine tke ceil Body compete a evaition,| ff er aound the an ‘Symodic period: dhe me i eas ewo exleial bodies to each these relive posion in velion toa tid, es the peviod om one op- prton to the ment Symoic month (ofthe moon) the ne the moon kes ake te Fill eof the zai. 29 day 12 hous 44 minutes and 28 second odin: The epic is divided ito wwe eu part, the sgn ofthe ‘odin The rode sg ae a mathematical eonsucin and do 90 Tonge crepond to the portion ofthe sky ceruped bythe odie ‘atelion whose names they ben. The nodal sigs ate Ass Tours, Gemini, Caner, Leo, Vig, Lib, Scopa, Sigiara, Copricr, Aagavias,Pisces 3”commun A BRIEF HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIAN ASTROLOGY ‘The Thied Millennium The Aine may cri Fa, gd of wisdom, with the authorship ofthe vino seis, lading Ene nw Bai! ea no ite 20 ready to accep this aidan of authorship - een if se gine oF taoloy teres minty. tn fc if any deity the died allen deere rit for being ert inthe re would be Nib” ‘Ninba, gales of gin and dhe zal ars, wat opt at the pene exert on aconning ad theft maagenent of rspacee She is sid to mesure been adeno kow te acct of elation ana togethe with Sue 0 “cue the days She war ait in some ‘wey with the sare ley ithe Fs peso.” Her temple in End was cal the udu “Hause ofthe Seae™® Among any the bles she had apical aber which sometimes called the db man ‘able with the tas af the hee oF db man, eae wit he sac ofthe pore event Kwa hsp it "Hne of Wid rd ‘Sgn 917 To ‘ov mt te oe pee 2 Steg 785.4954 Tel pn Ee Ce Gi A 4 to it PAF Sn 7 a i Saag 83 pA 80) > ie Ga 2 Hl 7p Hisrore she cond thi table placing tomer kes, hich sggess tha sly large. emping oasume chat chi pista able was 1 Ke of sarap or able representation of he ay. In Gude ‘Ay 23 v2 se li cone the eben order orl Guden with 1 igh ao bein te ontaction of Ning empl. Thi page is ted by Fuente 2 a indi, howeve Figo some interes in tsology Bu, frail we know, Nia may five dered Gudes 10 bud he sept a the proper rection of sone coum cre wit lage om the sary Remamene, o simply inetd 1 him the proper tala ine for begining the poet, The pasage wich mention 4 ‘ig kin which Ning promis to give Gen (Gi. i 9-10) 0 bd his empl, the igh tar oe for hi ie may be undead ina sna iy. The decty of thie talon in OM Babylonian ines i vvtly tye in the hyn to Enlai 1900 B.C), where iis id that [ints har endowed him wih undertanding andthe ably 0 Bad jie for he land of Sumer fom er pil ein dhe House of ‘Whom eg ib, Tw of Nis characte aie: he lapis ml able, rgsly asad wich arosomy td ber manage ment and fir ditibaon of apical prods, orgnaly soc with her onber tbe and expel in sch eps at "Eas chet ‘eke, have te Ben conf The evel inpesion gies by the Sumerian sure shat Nata asi concerned with the management of acl and the tng tf active tht were dependent onthe ery sone. The owe ot saronomy (at stology) abut to her was used 10 comet the ‘aii ofthe lunar clea? "Thre nace of any el aoogy in the Sumerian sours, ad, consistent with this coslsion, the was Sean acount ofthe origins of dhe woo oer have fie 7 seca apy he bl fr he ray Sap Oe 2 Tn ai cmt pening mo he et ape 7 ikaw ae 3Histon sour te sas quite ule the pronounce iter in cle phenom: rs fue in nse ‘The Sumeiansundoubedly watched the sky and defined and named some ofthe coseaone and panes. Most ofthe ns of ese Bovies were Sumeiantvoughou he ner pesiods and sme of them at lea must have Sumerian otigns! Some tinue Sura Akkadian asuologial omen tx do exit Bu they ate spared lla ns ‘ions which only atest asuology’s pretense high amiga. “Thus the ogi of Babylonian atrolgy i not be sgh ang he Sumerians ~ ther perspective ofthe wl wis ery such Eat centered “This ifr somewhat Fm the sion in etic, whete Sumerian proce ofthe aris well aceted if onl inde. wae peered by {per kown since the Fa period at ag and i aly know was to select high elie penonnl secspable eo the god? Unlike Babylonia exec, it app not to hive Geen concn with rediing he Fate OU Abadi arte? Weidner sugested hat the omens mentioning Sg? and Ib Sin n- cenported in the cai ever Ena Ana En ny actly deve From contemporary oeratios and that, consequent, eel omens Sin Hema nin Kee a AED manson tino ke ls aa Sh oi ste preening anneal tite eho arom ental yg ey © B90 Sete Php 6 MN MH, 2 Te aot sat Si ston on OD tan ho eo History wee seconded liedy in the ehird millenium.’ Understandably Roche ako? finde thi mggetion lox than plsusbe: These omens eon katy tobe etd ke the “hse” omens in general thovep. 5. It is ben sug het some ofthe exceptionally ded dcp of lunar eps EAE 20 and 21 may be bs obser tone. Bu, pine oue by Rocberg Halon some of chee epee (ould or have sure a recoded a it sc le problematic ‘pk ou sone of them for chronologic purposes, a dane by Huber ising the re. Moreover, scaring o Haber’ caleaations, “bo ever than ee) wansions of ig in the AK] dynasty ar ireinely ‘precedl by an elpe tat the the dso a the ominous Ni clipe presi the death of dhe kag of Aki, and “who woud not become spe io very nae ol Lat eis occ sbi fore the deaths of evo onscuive kings (Manin and Norns) and then there seven hid instance?” Huber agen ose inthis rot renaable coincidence the very bie of Mesopoanian omen ssuology* This secive supgesion provokes veritable hornets of problems “The apolen, “the king of Aad wil ci i fund only iv che “Assan” recension of EAE 20 ~and there ino reson o cone dt "Theme Shaman omc 189.5 = We DHT his tegen Hee mete i AS Hil in atl A 98 Erato ee, “i re omen ‘Toate lan amen BS got Us eo a Bey, 2 on 7m 1 J Sake A 19456 9 tr 7 8Histone ‘mot ofgtlthan the "Baylin version The "king of Aad” my refer any Babylonian king and doesnot have to mea specify the Sugoric dyeaty. The semalable coincidence only holds te if Salege’s relative chronology of the Aklad dyaty is coec ~ and there some reson to dob thei ic? Mos important according 10 Hobe, te thee eis excused 37 and 28 year ape, reectvey — long enough that people would sexe have remembered dem, ene recoded tha in such dtl das he iden tha ele phenmen hae porsnous mening water beady. Here tht may be, eno ery kel tht sly bad origin spear ha ofthe ther dvinaony "The mt cogent argument fr thind-millennum origin of Babylonian Avian, incading scology, would be is vanced te of devel ‘ment ately in the Old Babylonian period. fe war hardly born tke ihe, “The Old Babylonian Period? “The cates antag omen rests known to date ate Od Baby, The texts ate ale highly sacred, ai indeed the cite wih nae ‘erly omen txts The ball of Old Babylonian celal omen sexs ‘once nar eles, and Rochberg Halon sige chat the cs * hep nin: at a (809195 hi mei a * etre rt” mina it a? 12 fm rpm es onan einen af hei is SiS ere mea no eS Giles clipe omen nn ‘sch ip men sonny apy Soin % poup may have “compried dhe rg core round which she ret of the sees EAE was bull Apart om the tes she mentions, thee i Imeneloial lana clips et ram Mat? Ba enough materia kaon to show that aot ony conspicuos phenomena lik uae eis arated the astoogeareton. The only ex fom Babylonia proper tha hs teen publ? cence the weer and lana phenotnna othr than ‘pes: Rochberg Halon mentont an unpublished ble wth soar nd tneeraageal omens KUB IV 6,2 ebe rom Hass which to ll invents and purposes is purely Old Babylonian? conains soar omens. The “Ven tablet F Armindige'® which conan tablet 3 of EAE, should lobe mentioned here the observations on which teat ome Of the proses were fed, were mad in Old Baylin tines” The pede ae senda inthe fora well Koown fom aetoogcal mene in gener nd give che impeesion of big ler addition, for ernple fecig contemporary event “The lar xin ec, which at he ony ones to have een said in any dei fe an whose development the seceding ees 2 Aandi ra a 4 0 28 1, ‘Stl 19), a oa 93 Spier ga Te ke wn py oe ye mal Sh ai 18. ‘a 9714, er an 8) 9 a ye 1956, a hin os and hoy gr a OM ea ie esa yl ae Peet on bony em ts a ning til ht et Se er (980) Ha (900) 2. li et rrmay be flowed, revel + complicated recs his, with vane tadons. and thee does at seam tobe a linear development fom the (Old Babylonian texts 10 the canonical EAE" This it rather unlike xii wich wa aleny gain 2 age sere cat had he same rangement a the lane seit Part and compre let 90 able? ‘As mensoned above the lunar clipe tate were aleny highly structured? and aay inde omens from cient that cant ce in rey inorder othe cha (eg har epson she 219) Thy all ents amen aranged according date and wo of the fexs contain omens with other varies in tion. Apparel the varies lays appear in sesame sequence 1) tne of eis coring vo the thee watches of the nigh, 2) maga, 3) diction of ep shadow, 4) uration, 5) date ofocence he 121° day, oly de 17 never included). Some ofthe parameters were consdenbly expanded ad aborted in ler editions of EAE, most conspieuay the diye of ‘ecirence but ako 3) where gundrnts ofthe Inaon coreate with teresa ography (OB, South = Akad, Wes = Amu Now ‘Abad, Eat = Sabor) Elam i incided only one in dition mens loc apps in eer cone the later et the order in which the eur quarter ar ied i die, but the OB schema or erpreting the dieton ofthe expe shadow remained unchanged, excep fo the ‘neon of Elam (South = Elam, othrwie at before, se alo blow 107). All dhe vale are found in EAB and in uch the sae Feely, ony the Fonmuliy of dhe potas concening he date, which vases inthe OL Babylon txts, war stestlivd in ler lions. ‘The ealopon of KUBIV63 + dpb sy db. eam a. ut it ble of solr etp’, but infact i dee with vais sly Phenomena and even lar els and indced sen somewhat conf "fede (98 p 2 2 Ua tia pa 2 Sees yt ion 9 1924 28 History For inane, peat the sume omen in 29 and iv 5 with nly asian spellings As fr som, hi et tn dre pll except for a few ‘As mentioned above, at let ane atrlogial wets known fr Ma te deal wih cp ranged according o month only, at doe § 69 of thecal” of gga pa, but wth ilfeen pode. Ba celestial Aivination scene to have played no sgficat role in Mati The famous tdvner ad oli Asqudum repre alae eclpe ow dhe 140 the ing? The elpe wat somehow unetifcory (ndkun aml ti mars) be cok ner omen mike see. Agua had seo 10 Batyonian leiring? besder the technique of liver divination, but aparey he di nat know mich of Babylonian arly. On the oer and acest have ben andar procedure, at les at Ma li faker infomation about che sigicince ofan elie, oF any exer ‘urd event, by means of enti a was alo Jove later (ee Trlow p49 and p11. rom tis period we ao have evidence tha eet bodies played a rin ure aly props Espclly the Pads may aed fave held prominent postion (ef. p. 138) On wal elindets, fom Prolite o Late Ayr ties, seven pins fen appear. At esti some insane, the Pls wy be represen bu hi sian on these indr i known. Father, there a 0 OM Babylonian copies of "Prayer to dhe Gad of Night! eo Be eit wight” TE Ree wae ap azg cn RS 2 eM De 44 2 0988 92 ‘St pb ng 4 Se JM Dn A 2 ap. 488 rnd ih 95 Din on Br“ Se Dat See 4 Ne © Dain a (HO oe 209851 p19 wn »Histone and 10 puta consellaons are asked to mae sre that the divine ‘bain tre answer fom the extspcy which he ix pig co perform, “They ee o be reed as gin their wn right, vee when hae orl charge of decison-makig hve gone os 5 1)" These "Gods of Night" perhaps do ne inca all rs snc shove Fated by ‘ame remain much the sane ited numberof ight or eons srs and constltions sroughour the eur Two ure pajet in onneton wih etic te known bok onccning the wel of one UnUtusthe Chief Cator of Annuity in Dis, One fades to Ninsana, the ober co Annus, bot, be nad ype oF leh, ‘who ar asked wo give him a Fvourbe omen, These payers bes some fexmblance to ems. E- Reve uggs the Bist be a prayer to ‘ens a3 morsiag nar snc he ve inthe maseuline ad call ed Nina! The Old Baylin sources For stlagy ae ail ews which might inte tac asuolgy had a somewhat lnfetior stats compated to xipiy and bith omina. Bue the charac “iteration” hoieon| ‘of Mesopotamian atoloyialeay in evidence. Alo the apodose sr concerned with public afin Rachberg- Halton” takes this a8 an indication hac astology wa “ler to the sade forms of vii, iy those forms equi = spend knowledge of he lear eit mi 29h agin sl ioe aby pein A peau od pe eo eae ots Tein me acd wo oe opel gee "A 5 9 en hm pe eis 2 pra mp a ‘Sct ay a rg C42 bag Oa anol hc eto ‘het al spans ee tal eh sen ch Aw al 23 9 Reta 40 Hisrony pening othe phenomena finer lk ich lay hinge i ‘or smoke divination. Thee ler could aver specie quctons Fm ‘ndvidaale about thie pte aie Thi incense, that “publi means “chal, and “prvue" means Yor", which might ave decid sone elaboration, doce aot que cry convicion: OM Babylonian extipiey, undoubtedly “schol” bach of dination i Frequently bout pre ai “The Middle Period (Our lowed ofthe history of stoop ding the er emu fhe second millenia i very meager, dct he wal now pucy ‘of comemporary sures om Babylonia iaele We do happen ¥0 know that tology ns ins we during the ond dyna of kina the ‘aur of Mardkenain abe (1099-1082 B.C) who received sstologi reports! "That acrlogy bad ined pind in ingoranee might abo be suggested by the flowing passage from the cues af a dre iter Yon! Siege ane Demat meme ki es ma _2tsvan, “May the Ig gs chege ita onthe sky may te Anu {de rear ay hit poston on earth", The symbolic decorations of che Kaur, some of which probably repent the dee inte eesti sper pin inthe same dvcton snaps og pe Wm Rm opt (980.93, in aay Si nea fpr (0 2 ‘sin nee of nh Von, Si Vg Hy CaOnly one stool text fom Babylon, presumily fm Nip! bingo his pid is pub wf. Thi tea eau be a report since the metorloial phenomena listed could all ive cle plate fa one diy? and he tablet was probly aot mck Lge cgay and oly ineibed ov one ide To adem the copy, spony an img Cablecand so as the ane shape ha wa ued For repre in ater pris IF his et is indal ego iis posible che alo had ley obese portance in oil oF public afi. Some foom af theses EAE este under that name akeay n the 13 entry ai shown ot oly by the fous rage fom Hans (ce flow p 46) but ao by VAT 9740+11670 (Source Z ofl 20), 2 Mile Assyrian table which bs tc of EAE til nse slogan “The series may of course have exe exe. kiran agtiologicleomnmonploe tha the et see, ining EAE, recived more ole hirano” shape in hele scond ile um. This argely det the fe f sss snd aca fom tis eid, any of whom re kom rw by mane fro, or nan, the *Caulogue of Tes and Authon! The redactoe of EAE ir ao 4 wal ow schol who mast ive Bsn vey indo indeed if we ar 10 belie the so-lled “Exori’s Manual” (KAR 44). Aconing 10 the second list in tha rex, Exim Ann Eni belonged co the exo’ Compendia ascribed o Engi kin-apl, who lve in the reign of Add spline (1068-1087 B.C) A rematlable ext decries how Erg pate ieee ZEGRSRh cient ate + Rainy ted eens oh ninte 8). ah Lamb (0957 a (0962, Roce how (987) © edd by Fal ap. 0 Histone napa worked on thesis SA.GIG and produced a prope etn’ out ofthe mess that conte him, “tse threads without dpe ‘Whether be actualy di the sae work on EAE is of couse impossible to tay. but the ibip of one of the mutes for the "Bub recsbon of EAB wee 20 wate cha it wa wren according co 4 ‘wting board fiom dhe 11 year of Ada-plidin, and might shu have been spat of an Egi-Kivapls eon. Crain the conse and coneaditory ste ofthe asologial omen raion around the mid coed wile, ot Keown to ut fo the piper aes? fe che Aditi “wid threads with dpe “The teal develpmens inthe tenure ofthe scone ille nim te lic flow, Mos ofthe sources come fom Assi, nd it fos boon climed thee am independ Asan tradi a be dlcta Even though th bss for that ci ssi ined, there is idence Fr Asin later in atrlogy apap even dependent ‘Astin contbutions eo he ean, much wey be lat eo it ie Arles par ofthe room eompendivn Milani bed om lmervains probably made in Asyin® and ranaiion of teas fom ‘Asya Babylon sno ager ear of” 2 fecal mon Ste PA a 9b Ha an 9 5 CE ak 0 p20 ah ain i Agia ag * Scag gr gay ml ger ag hn indo aps at 4511 XIV A he Mile Rn ia yl bi ap “‘Once api, she ecg secion aid hy Rocher Halon i the one sau in most dil She distinguishes Berean two yet of et the sovalledtansiional ype sd the EAE pe The vansianal” exten some of the cancterisis f the Old Babylonian res but ala show de rendeney knowa fm the Neo-Asyrin cet to sane the wating oF the poss wil ogograme. The "EAE spe" ie epeened by hee Middle Asyrian tens which ate the insmedatepredecenrs of EAE 15 tnd 20. Inthe Middle Arian ele ene te ince ements not found in the Ol Babylonia tex, suc a wind, Apa om the ele texts we hae KAR 36, ey Fgmeny, proses oaly ming, which ale conces lana elise, Fart, sere ie VAT 10375, manage. oF lg pd ce ba, gu pa the so-called “Ase B° AV 218) which contains a bilingual hemerlogy, + commentary on estas ofthese paths ane ends withthe “sole nebulae or. At et fhe ast eo of these texts come frm a priate Hay belonging 1 2 fail of sibs in Aur evidendy with 3 broad range of eet! The Pesipheral Areas abylonan care held an enonnous ation am che surounding peoples who came ino contac witht. Daring the second lnm, Babylonian terature and scence spread thoughout the Now Eat Aviation, being a prominent Fear of Babylonian telion, oclaed aero the erable pouty of sures fons Babylon lh che neigh boring counties supply beter and per evidence of he evolaton of Alvnation inthe late O14 Babyonisn and Mile pide red 98 9 38 “ Histone Hea! A large amon of ables wee Found at Boghiks, the ancien Hie ‘epital, among them many Kraay and scenic works indi stooge eat A fix that har fen been nord the big poposon ‘Fecal omens at opted ober Mesopotamian dvnatory ees at Harasas: the numberof astolgal text almost equa theo uber often om th tke dvinntory genes combined Premsbly thisdos not fle the coneenporay Babylonian diaibuton bats che real of 3 loa prfence. The dination ters are of eoute vay ‘outnumbered by the Hine once ents (by 10 0D The Hive atoll ext ot likly reflect Babylonian gaa of eying des, ranging fom Old Babylonian to @. 1300 B.C. een though most oF the rex nly exit in 13% enn copies Laroche, Gp de tee itt, vos. 581-535, tal dhe wee known in 1972, bu even hough not much ha been aed sins, «pid surey may all be wef! We have = lunar epee omens in Aladin and Hite ~ omens concen other lunar plenomen in Hate and Hurtin? ‘one Aladin Hive inganl™ 1 ors rs of he ah Kc Wea (98 (ae Gee i 91 ‘Mit nda an aj. En ga gl ne ike ik [ane a is heal a me ble 30 tlbione acme bene i abide [=== meghe-ar ale, “All his (as deeed) when Anu, Enlil apd Bs bid dow dhe sign of Heaven and Earth ad se up the oon ata ight to bold to reste the dy, to renew the month.» the ck bat rien the wadiion for myelegil porscip tthe ln section ofthe EAE (we blo, p. 999) ges back the scones, (Qune A ere Fagen fond in ch db content ating othe tide ofthe second millenia, represents the divnaryIaie 2 this ste Ii ween in Midle Babylonia stipe and pay many sylabic splings, among which the Wer Senin seme? stands out Forthe ants Dumuzt and Abu, lie onwards, it pric EAE ble 221§ 1V.V (Rochberg Halton (1988) p. 256, br he tee of he apodote of Sinan are clos Ear (oo 652) ‘Moz. SMIN 3180, Laken (1937), 2 complete ing, i wren in the chance Next docs but wes Bablanian month same a Togerame sor if ever Fun in other Nutt ext It contains to sections, bo desing with eachquakes. The i (ki a bran irra, x) pars EAE ble 43 (ACB Adu 2035-48) ad § 101 OF lagur ip he second (8 ribu ineibrzagenr Hu, te) lel the catgut omens af EAE 22 pat I XVI Ge Rocher Halen (1988) pp. 262M) and ager iat § 100. Apparent tf an ‘et copy ~ then elophon = mae froma dap gl (i Ph ie 19 and 27, * Usreaain acne a pi ao 4s Histony Als Two lege fgets tbls, Wiseman, AT os 451 and 452, axe exane (let on phocogrphs), They ae bal wien appareny bythe ne act, and the sig A scien ne indice abet (6. ANAS for ana), Both tex del wit cps ranged cording to mnt, and scoring ts alaphon, 452 was no. 4 oF 5 oF a sete “They are elated othe Qua text and na 652 among the Einar text. A hein nigh prove ul Ussrit. There i one Fagment in Uppc containing lunar omina, baby na ecija nd phenomenaaouod new moon ti probaly {ena ther chan indigenous eaition, bu 00 lie emai | Slow compatsons. Further, there i the fimoue and often diced tcp which may contin the olde datesble obseraion of 2 9br celine (May de, 13752 BC)? The intercon af th tex by Dich a shows tha he cps wa ot reed a analog omen tobe inert cording the seoloiesl omen seri, bu meray aa el ote that had 0 be vege by Ive divination, ‘Other dvinaory gees ae sigh beer ats a Ug. We have 21 liver model fou of them sere an at esto teat wth what seco be Ug rains of Sama bu lon. We have fagnent of ge wale fom Sis.* wren in Allan and oF uncesin dae, bur the any syle writing 0d the ht Sy 7 350 om Ra Ha * ad gw Sh BO. SE eee, (109) 1-3 Aan gene (RS 7:01 - AO 1892 hgh od tine ryHistone fpamimae suggest 28 Old Babylonian dt. Ie conte some logos pele Akkadian tes fom Elm. eis pull EAE ble 22 pe T'S 1-2 Table 22s ani other tablets of EAB, ice mote chai nd Fears some “lant” rcs ~ even one tha he Ss eget does not have (eg, 3:20 for Kr, but the Sosa text his ha. Rocher Halon inlet! earth sources fr table 22 (pt Fat et) ima have come byway of lan the Neo-Aram recos of EAE since there see fo be no Middle Paid (rindesd Ok! Babylonian) ‘mancrip from Mespotani utero, we have a pre Achemenidmenclogicl et in Eli? Setons 2 and 3 ofthe bese conn a wasn of gga put § 71 ‘7h, whic concer lunar eps inthe Fie and send watch of the ihe Taken a a whole, the documentation fom the peripheral tet sows rater ly that the EAE exited in fly developed te in he 14 ‘eaury and sha i was Hnowe and ied in Syrian ces (uy ‘xrping Usui. The cet fom Ear, Quin, All and Nucl ae wit in a8 onogephy tha dir very Title fom contemporary Mie Babylonian, while he Hiei ens give the ire of ing smote ol-ahinned, What might be cle the “lend” sexton of ur ectipses senso have ben expel popula gon ofthis section hse bon Fund sor everywhere They lat mens acon 1 ‘month and dat (14 15, 16,20" and 2 thi “ela of ays aed hepsi fom rhe 21° othe 30%, viously pa. Thi isthe pater found in some fo in EAB ables 17, 18 and 2, Obviously, dey ae doy tate and fen show sla wording, but where enough of them i preserid (d lil) to peri all com parson, avery muddled cure emerge. For tance, the Uitte KU VII (dpe) and mar VHS no, 652, mons VEVII, low 3 812 Fab (I he he on oe ii a so Hisrony sheave the wording of he cnowiltbes 21 and 22, but do no tage with cach the The Ftst Millenium “The fist sce cemusis ofthe fr eilleniam ate covered by alos toc dikes: Tens rm Babylonis are sere and none of the hows diy light on the deopment of asvloy. And thee is at yet mo ‘idence dat the Asian Kings before Sargon Il tooe more than a agi itres in astology (ep 152). Tn conta the cntry fom the aceon of Sargon ro dhe death of ‘Asaubanipal (72-627 by far the best docrented pte, 3 et in ‘Asia, Aunque weak and dvi of source allows toc toy the mot dewoped phate of tavonl Mesopotamian atrolgy but a it practical appioon in sake aie. The bull ofthe sauces for Cosa Mesopotamian axogy, inching the “cine” eon of AEs ound in the Neo- Assan royal iar, together wih ees abd ‘sports Flom Assyrian and Bsbloianschokts to che Assyrian king Reference to aloe omens in the royal incipons tely 16 sscology* importana in docionmaking a the bigest lee, Fey teknowedge eve nici promalprions, Chager37 ar devoted © Slo ana of hi tea weve, even attains aology raced ts xt profound changes woe aking place that eventually speeded it aleogebe. AS ‘oh the ginning of thee development are shrouded in bey and far we ca only get glmpar ofthe ren, nthe atrlogy of ee Peni an Sled pide Th base etre of thi “new ogy” he knowledge chase movenens of the eel bodies ean be exci Cael n advance, Coomgueny, eet phenomena cul no longs tbe gad willed conmnitons Flom the go, and ee oldies thar signin vven cade wth events on Eat, ws abandoned "Nah Ween CD, ApHiston Instead, the plans and sats cme to be sen at mening in he seve, iparing their character uaien by he sheer phys presence at dcivemaens fan nv if erably his bith, The ‘es of astology also chang: fom being most conered wih the well ofthe see, i wa erensingly applied eo pei he feof the individual, Mathemats, mae than dvinatory lve, bcae the ky othe secet ofthe tae a the Fue ‘Obviuly, he bili oct he movements ofthe planes did not come about ata sudden ination or aoe of lack. I preppy ‘cenuries of sustained aaeration and reccdingExpecly the moon's ‘ti i aotorouly complicatd, and age body of ata ae equi 0 Drei is movements acura. We have here what ay we be che ‘els documented insane of sient revaaton’~ generations of Seholas pen collin nd eordng dats tha, nr the dominant ‘hear, were unrelited to ach athe the el dering the hey. ‘Caneonitane wth thes desopment, ew concep wet inode, From the 3* century onwards ihe eter, the elie wa dvd in cele secions of 30" each vng it othe xo tl in ae today oe 163, Bach scion migh thes be Farther vided ino were sl pas, The ones ofthe “houses” ofthe plates ele o niin Crock Jnpsoma,"exltion”) i azeed sled he cerry? a ied in the late hocopes. Ie bane a ingot ingrtient in Helleitic subg. rational asology dd ot dsppeat oversight. A est, the gin in sonal knowlege scm to have had lie pt onthe aon | ‘The old ces continued to be copied dows ito the Seleucid pero, hough i 2 moot question whether they were pu peal we by © GOT S Rl he Sm f SR Ching 196 Ser tec bp DC Sd 2 Histor’ sayone afer Nabonius that coniemed waonl! I mus howeer fave resine some prestige. Echoes of acl Babylonian omen atraogy may be ound in Epi! Greek, Latin and adam alog? and ven in Aramaic oxs of the Byzantine period® The pls beween Babyonins mens and Helensic popular slog persning 0 cae ages and thunder ae skin Ao che emarably scat vans ‘ion of Enum li down to abut 500 AD. a ecneed by Daman reife wth enaciy of Babylonian uadiion eis eutse impose to know exactly how and when the Babylonian rion war rani, bu is natal to ase hat contact wat eae during the die of the Penian empire tim scopy te vc a os Noche ‘a "se _ ad ips serin tea neat acct Teal “Hen Wis Hl (199). 4 " ei a ede ‘cine and dns of poe " ed al, JS (909) 20 onl at (911) 45 3crarren s ‘THE NEO-ASSYRIAN PERIOD. ‘The Sources As already sid che NewAsytian pesod, speci the rime of the Sagi kings ithe one bet docuented, From thi ese stem nat ‘onl the many copie ofthe sees Ema An Eli andthe heroes From Assubanipa lary bu alo «woth of caresponene bere ‘Asytian and Babylonian schol and she kingr Eahaddon snd ‘Acubanipal The coresondence aft 4 unig apport, noc ony ‘0 see Mesopotamian scolaire apations, taka vesand some of rina the schol fen ty v0 explain thee craft an interested and inporane lym, thi king ad ppmats, Adie, these explanations must bsve boc ether dient fom whatever dicusions the scholars may hve bad among. themsehes, 2 subject we would deal Hk eo know more abou The cactspandence can be dvd into eo etgirie:leters and reports This dain i no modern invention Reports ad eters were dog in amity physic 8 well a by contents, The lees were wien on etl oblong, ane colin, et sli ables called gin the ports on horizontal oblong, ad oie thick bles called will, The reports are tony sore and the pint cng, hservatins and the elevant psig ram ZAE othe enolase “They dispense wit the ier Fora ad geting. a give he ame the wer nly thee i the for “a NN Thi hacer is strated by the phase wed by Babin LAS 324 nani ‘asa, “al excepe another report’ exe fom she sts the Pertinent omens The leer ay hve the proper intodctny ps, Desig er. 20d may dl with many dle ropes, bu ii not ‘uncommon that len ar shoct and concie ike res and sept fallacies, races tht Asin scholars were more poe «> sing he ter frat wheres the Babylonians monly wrote ports, st Neo ASS Pe8IOD OF the eer, oly those from the Asian schol can be Found ia an uptodate etion: Papal, Let fom Asian Scholars the Kige ‘arden aa Aarbonpal 11 (197, 1983). nthe flowing | re 02 the Asin ler by thie numbers in hat ein at LAS x. The Bayonne ae tobe found cer in Harpe, ABL, orn CT 54° Mor ofthe pons both Ayia and Babylonian, were ft publ yp. Campbell Thompson in The Repos of he Magicians and Aare of Nine and Babin P11 (1900) (RIA), This eon as far frm fda even by he stds it tie, and ny et ete ie ia tranaieration ony. A ae eon by HL. Hunges mos in aero tnd alin only, appeared in 1992 as vale Bi the series Se ‘Archive of Aria, Se ths work provides innumerable proven ‘ROA, beer ong ome adonal material I ef the eps secon this eon ae SAM #3 Many ofthe eran reports ave ben dete by Paps on the bs ofthe asrosomicl dats conse in then ee EAS I appentices tnd inthe following all dts assigned ro ther ae Parpl' Fr the ‘ronal dion of he eters ad thereat, ace Parola SAA 10 pane and Hunger SAA # pa The bul of thm were writen round 670 BC, road the end of Eshaddn's ei Most of the surviving text of the sees Enna Ant Enlil ic inl commati, extrancous material and pans of he heneralog tnd gq pt, wpb by Joa Viren in Large Chale Ine Le Lise inti “omma (ne) B81" (ACD. Uy ACH, Viren bd che et dling with he ois "Sin, texts dealing with soa ‘mins "Shamash, placa oma “Ihr” ad metcorlogi in "Ada ad eit them in thi order which rot the same a the EAE “This terminology ion adapted for convenience in ey lerare? Joins ant poral et ae scared thoughout oer pubiions. Ti bi ean ad eg a Sad TOSS 2 Rummy EAE l soid wl od mneg lad onc AAC nn 10 OR 109 de was R ie wae teh 8[Nto Assan Petioo ction isnot very rable and ia Reiner and David Pingsce ae Depaing 4 new edition (ranliteratons and par tnntios onl) of thigh sa far two volumes have spare, Aablnian Planetary Ones (870 1-19 1975, 1981. Francesca Roche Hato hs eed the liar telpe bles in Apc of Bebylnion Celie! Divination: The Lana Ear Tebles of Enama Anu Enlil AfD Beit 22.1988. tn ACH Violen flowed the then eure practi of waking compose texts, ven tthe ecent of eapying tables writen in Babylonian aod Asya cts asf they wee One. This of cue oud the te scare of EAE ad is very inconvenient if one wishes to trace any eoltion or ivagencesberween posibly diferent talons. Wealne ted «© onpize what survives ofthe sre, a amp he unorunaely dil ot Finish ending with ble 0 (a-x) The Iu pi eid by Rabat alsin compost fon in Ueki alin dere, sige te is (ies gg ud, Pai 1965 (Lab, fg pa One a he soloes moet important "reference book”, the sronomial compen 1m Mulpin, which sho contin same ons, ba sppeatd ina up ‘ord eton by Hunger and Pgs in MULAPIN. An Asponomiced Compendia i Canin. 4f0 Bf 24,1989. Foc the convener of| the reader, offer in Appendie B 2 easiertion and crmlaion of move elerence bok de alg compendia known 2 Te Great Siar Li. Terex is base pubs aera alone, Dramatis Personne In he flowing {wil fer to shoe wet primal on suoagel ‘opie 28 asolages. Only one schol, Sums ale bins? by the specifi tile apr enn Ae Enlil, "seb of EAE” (SAA 8498). One, arSun-c Chie Scribe (nb apa, and ned she ifthe scribes of EAE in ADD 851 (2 SAA 71), and Abin 2 pie of 36 Neo Assmua Petton ‘Asa! Bor the rt shee sles ae usknn, Esper inoier Ril, eg, the ear Urea (SAA 8 181-183), oF Bell the eri (SAA 8 461) mala send cesta talaga aberations, and exorcise Faia wih the hemerologis? The asuologes were vesed i ll the ‘other fs of unprovoked dination a wll’ Presumably they wee all elucted in mpierrtu and ony specie dhe need soe, ike Add fumagur who stated his cner a4 sribe and end athe personal crore of Econ. rearing to cetoogy only wen “et of weet tthe aceon of Asuna “The king sett ave eaten an stv interes the eduston of is seh In ABL 954, the Babylonian author infos the king tha “ee ppreniceswhom the king, ny lord neue ome ave now lx EAE Inthe leer LAS 116, unfunatelyfgienary, Marduk sar, Nast apd Taba peition the king to authori a change inthe dream of apprencceactibes, The change aimed a2 mote jb ened ining by subsatng ro tablets fexplanaory word ss with two ees of eapey! The general charter oftheir eesti i lasted by the ists of aeqisions bas in Nineveh which thiow light on private irae, Where the names and tiles ofthe donators a prseed, wee that nore of healt ty givin thir omn ld of specltin. For example, the eorist Arab from Nippar gies thee bles and five oneal tables of EAE, ro of lamenations ‘hee of The Dreemban, nal 125 eb. The Mile Assan lida dhbbed M2 by Olof Pelenty? alo isuates the brad inerss of ‘crib M2 might wel ive Bon the private ibary ofthe Fy of hoe we ea i ct at TF ad ‘heey bench ls fey” ‘ony a evn th he ing fr nn a 1989 al 7 56, 7Neo Assmua Penon upiraswho wete many ofthe les line an big tens care teisc of his Hay incling“Antoibe 6 But even i thy nat ‘copy them theme, they at let colcted the exbooks of the speci for insane the dine. The lnned Nebi-agup ko oped npc long withthe many abla works fr which be fu! Ina ever tthe king, MarduleSpk-ae:dsibes 2 Babylonian sho, Kudu, a aecomplhedin he tf exispiy and aii lo with the Enama Anu Ell? Oppetcin? suggests tht hie vetixy should prevent us fom calling they “solges at all hat “they ae spy ‘expen in al hse lls of divination whi ae ute ext ein ‘non provaked omens bi arlogy scaly cs ove bet main Even if cls in one ofthe Fike (povoks ve. unprovoked Aivintion) did not exude knowlege ofthe other, the to Fede of ‘Nip locaoec Ba Rope te od emcee iter Ree Se Pap 0 NckinisiesurnchSpncwaniuance Oebiel nephew of Bel ai (SAA 8447) and am of Bel opabhi (SAA 8 445,48). Bupa eft o orders fom the king which be eve in Kae Malny(SA4 8472) Thi seems ke fry of schol from Bshyon 1s pointed ot by Open ll il ose Asin king “Tabs Mandl may be went with cin Tai, ee water of ceghe eps and autor wich Zaki oF the report SAA 8 213; thi Zakt mus have been in Babylon becuse he wits not any 9 at lege mates bu on poll developments Babylon wel He alo complains 0 the king about the persecution he endured fom the ‘lion Sls (ABL 702, writen in 679 BC and ABL 6, of ater dae? ~ we actly ponies a0 anor fiom Exrhaddon (ABL 1256) sting chat he wil take ae ofthe afi fr hi Buen GP B.C, he ‘ust have moved eo somewhere ia the south, is oes all nor 00 tod He wien the leer AB 137 which del with he an ele ff Dec. 2728 671 B.C? tha Fo the hor ofthe ie my hands besechingly © the king, my lord» may Manda and Zapasiea inv for ne withthe King yore” ‘rote Babylonian stooge writing fen on pial materi Bel: seb, wha ws in Nine and nor in Sip a sgl by Opp eo. Ti indeed sng dat no cha shown fae cerin 10 be located in Sippr since that cy taianally was one of the cents of Babylonian lening, There doc nt scm 0 be ay pli reams — peship the alge tho reo ro Babylon? donot sink sat the aacloger in Babylonia poring 0 che king ‘vere pe of an gin necwar of obser ~ as Sens have be the exe in Asta fc below). The Babylonian sralogets wre al topcr of aology and quote EAE to dr heart conten, jt athe tember ofthe “fer Gl”, But when the King waned tome sure "Oyen 190 p10. Ey INto Asstwan PERIOD esting oberon fom Babylonia, he woul wrt eo his gene Ma. Tar. Andpebape other at wel ABL 1113 (no are) was writen in swe 19 2 question fom the king: "Mats was sen, why did't you ‘writ, The scbole (and arly in Babylonia existe independently oF wha ing o day igh ei, hi elainship with he king was ‘ppomuniic. They expected, ad fen po, nl lp Geran, 4 15456, 528; 2 share inthe boty foam Egypt SAA 8 418 an ozasonl looky, SAA 8 24 “eter give me donkey, that Ten rey fee) and medial (S44 8463) ad arid sistance (Zaki, ABE 416 SAA 8 409)! Nabi rom Borspp (SAA 8296) compli tt he Andhra wer Fred do core work when hey ad bee eed ‘tcp he "watch f the king" We have mre ptions rom Babylonian ‘ha fom Asyran scolar ~ whic might be ken tio les bie rlaonip wih she king tanta fee Asyran cols “The Assyrian chars end eo be hove mst word ~ mat pre © looking a the ster side. One eae snag many the repo SAA 4 100 (Akkanu,Asyan and SAA # 438 (Tai, Babylonian. Both ‘kwh the acculkation of Jopiter bebe moos, bur wile All's repre moly predicts vl Tabs ial ptinisn, he omits oe ofthe nly tla omens ed by Akula and edits aay the word Subara There were eel beer in Aan a ell at we ea in AS 1323, probably on ear Sumer" Thee wee dows. Wedd note] the inoan her tet Bcate ofthe coos. The king ny lr, should sen! mexenges to Amur and Avila fad KalhulKali to go ano inn ily the king, my Ford... ] om Kalb 1 belive ot Cg Te SUA 09 “The is in ig hi en 2 Thy en dle 0[Neo AssyRaN PERIOD rune only wate og the information a ft a pole — nak thar the King woul! no beat about obseraons made in thee ces others. In vavous Asean ci, eam of rib eet hve bee coer hep the wach ofthe king ater to him. LAS 93:9 and 352 (LAS fp. 252) are kes frm Isaenatn ap freon of the “coli of ten" (tbs) of Als Ug 10-4 ura, He pons on the appearance of the maon andthe sum conjunctions, ppostons and egos, often with date never wth a attempt at inerpreaton or casos fom the serps. We eve hve dee snl lees fiom Nabi-um diss, foreman ofthe clei often foun Nineveh (24S 77-79) Thee te eo lees Fo the series of Kali weting ollie (LAS 85 and 86) marly poring thai the fll moon witha shor veson ofthe relevant apadai. They sso ‘amps about noe being able tbe the witch of he ing and teaching ther sides Beas of coree-work Gil and mpi) We have 1? reports (SAA # 126-142) and 6 lets fom Nabda of Ati, who was probably the foramen of the Asie tem. One leer i patty Inereing becuse ie melons the sandate ofthe tam (LAS 87.6) "Conering che wach abo which the king ny Tod, wrote oe, we shal kep and we sh rite” All he leer and epoca very shor tnd report only eqinaxes and oppstons and conunciny ofc moon tnd the un, never quoting an apadeis We veo eters (LAS 80 and 81) Fem Bao-Sun-difrom Kal, both two esc in scope athe ope fom Nine, Abel, Asie and Kalbe withoat offering any acolo intepretaions a LAS 81 we hen tht be a heen ordered eo watch ou fran ects! lige donne a incr sons Nach sc lame a n Neo Assan Pet0o ese to me tac ll his points vo an orgie effort v0 brain beans fom the jr Aas ies The postin af hes sibs ‘waver dient im thar ofthe scholars ofthe “inner i and has in Babylonian ci, who eran di not have to do cone wok. Tht Function wis to contort cbacaions which perhape were mainly impose to he regulon of he alendr but which ofcourse ala eld slo sgicace acurren 4 ‘THE RECEIVED TRADITION 10 oe eal, 3 ound in a mythoopel-expanstony tee from Nineveh, oil and ner divination wat reveled o Eameran by Shans nd Aad. EAB ad an bul, “material elation,” are {appended in what look ikea aerate vesion, Enmeduank io bi ton handed down his knowledge eo the men of Nipp, Sip and Fallon? The tert continue "The lend schol, wha guts che secs of dhe great gd shall make the x he lover seat a ont by ‘able and sts before Shamash and Adal, and shen ech ie.” The ‘ex s pinay conceted with Ine and ol vito befits Shamich tnd Ada. According co another eaiton recorded in seal of et ‘dahon, also found in Ninee, Ea credited withthe authori of fori, the ehnige nd the eof ver dati lita the ad ‘he repre of the entation priests a EAE? The we of a tthe suthoe of the emerge, which of cue ae clzly ltd 0 AE i to found in Sago Eighth Canpsign” 16-7 where the wise Nn, Le Ea iid eo hve writen cra ancient eb (pp mab) cat he moot of Duma as uit forthe gathering ses and he pitching, feampe? ‘The dvntory free was sanctioned by she gods bu the twee not EAE had human reds scoring one tron shi wa the ny sigeAdapa According yet abate dion it wt the shor Engiki-apla (11 cenery B.C), who premably el to make oder J (0,912 ese cin fai Receiven Taaprrion out of a coninlly expanding and evling omen corps ee above 42. The same procs of sing vaso local eaions may bee Fed in the uber oe of he Babylonian tains summa ins bemeralogy fom Ast, KAR 177 iv 25 ME “Favounble days secondngo sven ables, origi rom Sipps, Nip, Babylon, Las, Ur, Unie aed Edy, the sthols exerved, seo and gave 0 Naimarweah, king of cui, Bur even withthe hep of relhctort and catalogue! the exe of EAE was nee eaiely Fe "The question af the eat sta ofthe “eed train the Ris ili has provoked muck dianion® The eats were xt avon” the way the Bibl ceat bane inthe st eetries BC: I woul scm ta, by the end of the scan mle, here was wht (Oppentin cll “the aan of ain” ~ a fly well-defined comp often tha om tha sme onwards was ans Only by bing coped tse The cals othe 11 century wads, show tha de scribes cook great ce in copying thie anusrps exacly Fm the gina, Ae ara ean be judged fom our preset incompeehnowldge, the sees oly made mina changes, susactions or ion! ro the orp, abd hey viel rove or textual ably. There was oie able leeway i the spaling of individual words, and vo sone extent ako inthe dvi of longer te ito table bu onthe whol the “stream oF eadion” enained fed thoughout the Ft mini, in Asi ‘wlan Babylonia, Ie hae became revive radon in Ayla 0 ‘ef 0 ents onging 10 the “aan of tadion “anon which eon renonale eno. The series appear have considered hen ‘hore, nsf aay pt of una knowlege cul ay ei tha They didnot conser tients vinly npr: nor i there evidence that sey repel anyone eon af ext sper to otheReceive Trapmon Conftng statement in the eaiion were sometimes econ se by tide! without any atempe at esluon. Copier of the see were prepuce forthe Neve irae, bt this wa no eng to crete “ofici",normaive, texts? To ade fom the lecers rom the Asyrin and Babylonian shal, no etn had moce autho tha any other Wichia the Taream of tation", the sciber diingishel dee categories the "sets" (in, aoa ex ab nd “es” Ue pf ‘ons? The exter his tinction rein unknown; bal se Categories sem to have ben cosieed equally auton ‘There is much move cinfrm maria than i need for dhe secon of EAE sbou 70 tables lane. A huge su of aio nds of echo dereoped pall o and sound the conc dvnatry sei suck a commenti, excerpts and eampations fom these. Unfotantly we doo ely know very nich bout he nate fone of the ee gee ited blow, t0 which much of ee ext mater rus belong ‘The Tests ‘The allowing suey of gees of aslo texts i gly sed 0 the sts compel by Bauer (24 43 p 3139 and elaborated by Weider (941) p. 182 io the ole “ese (EAE, Sarma Si nt or), “dies, snd “ai. To mm extent dhe clsistion is atic, che Ait kins of commentaries ate dey netted, but 0 uch work tremula to be owe, 1 Ende Anu Enlil, "When An an Eli Prope peaking this i ot the ancient nae ofthe serena all it consienty quoted by the "aio sry ily "aha Aco AR » eto 94) 1306 %6 Recerven Teaneion inp of Sumeian introduction: ud an Yen! The serie pent wih ‘wo short paragraph, the isin te pido Sumerian of the por-Old Babylon ptiod, the second in Akkadian, ping eo slghly dierent nytologilieodictins.? The Sumerian noduction red tan ev ek dg gab golge-ete me gal abla Bead gr seu maven goned! ugar mide i ewe Aikim anki mesaginedd mks inept abd a se igiherrete? ‘When An, Enlil and aki the gr gods, by ther dion eal he dhe cea onder of heaven and eth ad the boat oF Sen the ew roo t0 wa, give bith tothe month and the sign) oF even and etd, the eel bt they eased to apps and to ‘ne Fr inthe eaves, c0 be en “The Akkadian sed ent ememe Senae dngiesne galane ina ‘on gies on-time igs chiki cm bn hdd met ame bt ena A morn gre ace ktm bn pa COtherwie: When Anu, Enlil and Es the gest gol, by thei eso Lil down the drgn af heaven ad ean ad signed to the get gc cher fuacions, co cete he dy, 10 ee the month for mankind eo bold hey sw Shaman Chi as they made im appt epulary in even and enh Sec al 1972. 26 i ii 11a aly lyReceive Trapmon ‘This kind ofnroduton appear be peculiar to he alg omen seis! Ts anton is cls reed hat of he prolgie of he Cex Hammurabi, esabining the divine suction ofthe laws that they ase pt of a wold ade ordained by the gods "When lay Anim the time: IF man “The seis consid of shout 70 bles, wih 6500-7000 omin, This by 0 means make ithe gest omen sei: Sma dl forint had about 113 sales. The compition of the sere can bescen 0 bein already in OH Baylin ne, and ic ay wel be hatte proces wa ‘nore o les completed by the 11 cen. Insti, the wll sstolbe and the asonomi compilation Maapin, which har been salto sound 1010 B.C, war ulin the composition of alt 51 (On the other had, Malapin able 2 conte mene fom EAE Tht ilter once again both the cote connection between ataogy and ssuonony, and thatthe redaction of EAE was aor yx fine by he beginning of the Fist milenniun. Buti is only Fam the ehe Neo ‘Asian royal libre chat we have slid evidee for he cons and Alivson ofthe seven Tables 1-14 eons mina pining lar ‘Phenomena (his becton will “sighing ofthe moon, al 1522/23 deal wid anar eps 232439140 eonained slr omina, ‘gto ng kg Mia TR Se A a A J nr spi seeped Feta ak ie Sama Steemvardan arnt mcttaneic Bit tn te n Arciven Taansrion: 40-4750 metorlogiel omin, 5070s planer ad slr omioa (e, 53 the Pie, 56 wii, 59-63 Ves, 4-65 Jie) Bue the Cemaacon was 4 rough one and there ae many incoastencs, bth inthe numbering of individ ables within the seri and which omen Ale cope ofthe se blr contin and in whe order “There ae many dilficesinrecnseeting the srs, One tao nay cates ony pars of EAE wee acid ro the royal iar, and tome ribler were more popular than oes, ab was aso the ee wih Tirary tens auch atthe pic of Gilgymes, Noreen the format of ‘ables war tandsdned shroupou se seis Tn the squint Svea fom Ninevel? ae metione for isanee 45 ables 5 one column tablets and 4 aura’ (dngans?) of EAE, or in another inventory, 28 tbls and 10 oneclumn ees of EAB; but wo comple sion is mentioned, Complete eons were of couse pred a Nineveh special fr the Hay? his ground. eaking sy of the EAE Weidner oxgnzed the svelte fi fy ad bles ofthe slo seis. He hough tha ia pou oe a ote ore rigorous sstematiaion ad sagged he the any divergences beewen ler and younger copies of ther same tablet, becwesh contemporary copie, and the mepinent numbering can be acd back ro dere Seen, namely Balan Borys, Uruk, Ar, Kalla ad Nine, He appl ro an ofen-cted png om Pliny” which mention the docine ofthe Chaldeans om LA 1 9 nin of rs aig a We (90) ph »Received TRAprmon Babylon, Sippar or Nipps! ex Hiparenun) and Ur, and one fromm Siro! which mentions only Uruk and Bonspps. Ti his reconaution Weider wed ovo catalogues, one fom Air td one from Uruk, and cathlines and icp. The wo xls ae Fragmeney and do aot ovedap. Only che icp of bee 126 ae preserved on the Uruk exaogue, the catalogue i used as gidline for Table uber, eve hough che ets and ther olphons ae not bays inacordnce with the caague? The Asi etslogue conti gens ofthe inept of table 39-58, andthe wo inept of 29 a ble ‘Weidner suns up the diferences betwen the Asst ctlgue and what he rconsicr from Nineveh 2 fallow Asur —Ninieh sur Ninveh Tile 3 so 56 wo ca “2 3 aM 5515158 “The sequence at ka is mre or kt the ae, According vo Wein tle “39” she tbe withthe nos difering suber: We hve to copies fom Ninevel both wren by Nabo-rugp-Len in Kalb ae Se ircled bee 34 ad inthe ae able 36 Acsrdig to another text from Nineveh ii abet 35, and according to one teat rom Uruk i i table 33. The numbering of individ rable tno he only probe, bot alo thie diison of he tex, eg batween ables 18 and 1. The ‘heory of Schley wens sew dial 0 mibsancite. Rocher Hilton distinguishes beeen 2 Babylonian and an Asian eceson of table 20 of EAE, Recsion Bis known in cnnusrip fon Aas, 2 ptt 16136 6. sh taggers wat oy Receive Twaorriow Ninereh, Babylon, Uk and Ut, and in Mile Asian copies Fm ‘An tceon Ais known foes Aaur, Nieic, Kab snd Unk ‘Anya. te rela ofthe sre apie varios prices of ste asnaon. To judge by the index of eabjecs ofthe nar elie ables (octerg Halton (198) p. 27-28), the diferent secon seem to have teen collect and writen down wih no atempe a stemaizaton, “able 29,21 and 22, lana eclipse astanged in eves oder fiom what might be epeted, abet 20 containing the mare elaborate protier uni. ble 4 (etn “I dhe moon nits appearance ied) and 5 thle: I the moon in i appearance is dak ad is fight orm is blue ad i let hor pointed”)? A sadard mens of spsematzation i of cose the month of the yea, andthe Liting oF ‘hens concerning a cern phenomenon dig the year may hav to Serech over two tables or more, These table then flow cc ther dies. “The exact wording of the prot oF supreme inpotanee “Two tablets dealing with she me phenomenon but dered in dierent terms would flow ach oer. Fr example tbls 31 (ACh Shama 8) tnd 33 (ACh Shen 10) bah deat with oar eis in ee months [Nis Ell, they flow theme eke elses oecuring 09 I", 9% 118, 13%16, 1B 208, 2%, 2, 298, 304, 30%, nea approprite ‘ie, Venu and Jie preset and acy ave the sane apes, but thet prone ae pau diel, Table 1 ha: ik na ix wha 20 ani ga “Win oth X 06 the X day the un makes a lips and 330): tn kan 20 Kd “Tn oth X othe X™ ay ces eid” Tables 3(4) and 35 he the sane proses a tales 3 and 33 repecnly and da wid eclipses in-che months Tashi ~ Adar I (ba ave diferent spoons) ‘Sian’ Darn pen A Cn 991RrceIvED TeaorTion The mae find ees may be connected by a ectent word inthe prtsis fr eblr G8 it the tenn air 2 principe own fom other omen era "To sum up nei clea deling with a somewhat Mi aon, and ‘one cannot help woaderng ow they managed tnd thee way in “They may have ud 1 iii Eni An Eli i, gue to EAE" cllectons of excepts listing individ omens probably t0 Gaile the ey survey imporane omens. eis tempi toe a3 or aide igi wat Seize stapes Bom ACB Sir 15:13, dub Gk gre lm nll The gin of EAE is meine by itl inthe elope K 0676", I,“ comme character in th ext ube EAE Bp ep iB ib. eomeay to EAE secoding 10 the words af the shale from .-.(etchlive or wile umber ofthe able commented upon” They ae tal coments inthe hey contin explanations specication ond aleve inept ions of he pr Inthe commentaries the rota commented pon is quoted together wih ts spas, meiner in a abbreviated or, “The malimas comments onthe bles of EAE in proper ques Comments to moe that one abet of EAE may ofcourse be writen 00 cone commentary bls, g AOK Ada 7 which consns comments 00 tables 44¥ and 45,0 AC hur 30 wich fie ha log commentary fon table 69 and then shor one (nly 4 Kin) 08 alt 70, The ommentry may have the eft oF ening one stapler with tothe, for example ACH lar S:16E dit le ana api addy aan di barn emg“ Venu approaches the gh R422 (9 p36 tan 1970 9.314 3 See AC lr 37513 227509851 3, 80408, ACH Sp 48 “Thee inp bet nah ecg Weer A 27 2 Receive TrapmoN star there wil be dee, fe.) iF approaches Mars What is preserve (FACH2 Sup 66 del eacivly with denictions ad des vot even uote apodoss. A commentary my dea wih the inepeation of single word ws in ACh liar 2 “IF Ven este inthe roeting the peopl af al cous wil ex ley, hose kgs wil be recone” ‘Thecammetary sys lines 7-8, va-ACH Suppl 3410 and ACK 2. Sap S11 fl) Venus sie inthe eof An GID meas 10 be bight, GID meat 10a ae saber se, he oso rable, she ghrp it the west, orning’ ane 0 be bigs shines ghd.” In his way a omen which otignly concerned Vena 9 moraing ter hs bees ‘xc apply ther apenance as a emg Ue mny mak use oF "entsive ply", ACH Sin 3121 “IF the moon sey and is ‘clipe i the evening wach (bar: the eps fe the king of Alda: bee mens "ht, i means “pid” an eclise oars ot sccoding 0 pide. onthe 2 13! day” So the eommenary “engine the Akdadian word by the Suman meanings ofthe sigs era atc. The mabalint ao caplig ad gies 4 mor roi Fomilation of rrme: ACK Aded 251-2: "I Aad rot out of eon in ede) (-- Jp Le if he tous ig Duma, Abu and Elia == One Neo‘abylonian et, L847 1564, “om a old wring board of eosmenary nk) Kies of EAE" (7) sta with 2 io he names of Venu in the diisene months ding che ear and Cds 3 normal mall commenting om in, Aid fy LA 13 gee ew.” 2 Sa af A Rn ko 9p. 8 Cage 900) 8, a sg 99) 19 whee if noe ag 8Receive TRaomion IV. The facucommentty (malin) Sune Sin ine smart “IF ‘he mona is appearance”. EAE the only divnatory srs wo have ‘ame and sealed commentary. Weider! cals it"Dikammenirende Aric Serie’ which is an ape descripion since i does ot jus oounent o indvidal eins, bu alg pnelpricils, abe 4, of which ane clunn ofthe revese ICH 2. Suppl. Sn 19) ein lie ofthe paracter o be coniered in he interpition of iar cep ep 105 le pei satus ea alo be seen om the fc ht ie war quoted Foe in leer and reports and by alma of the Sebolas wih wo special ceece, just a wae the BAB ile. Farther more. not cfd a «pl aod connetay ~ whee that means. Unlike other commentaries, Summa Sin ine smart dost appear co lw the ore ofthe EAE, a aa ns fam the cn tens oft fia abl, known noe los compere copy ACh Sh 3) and what survives of tablet 2. Tablet 2 ionize inte ern the Fas containing the roa he ean he apd meine to), the did the explanation ofthe poss. Duet she sxe of publication its impossible vo know if sis rangement ws pela to table 2 eobably ie a oe Like the mules on indviual ables, ie actual enenetary and canting the mine type of explanation of prone which ate ft imprecise or ouight ips. Lose angus ike "nae itappoined tie “aot athe igh ine, not nese defi cat des in ACh Sin 32533 conan Mencia inp seeraion, "if che Goss (Lyra) eae the Walftar (Tongan tha ea SL of cate” explain, “Venue reaches Me.” Suma Six na merit comain some ies pro aber comin eg alt 213,514 = the eentry ACH Suppl 504 ba he reaonip| erent impossible to dcermin. Asan eagle of he oom and 2 Setanta hi ig sr 28 alin. he tly Hae 979. “ Recavin Trapinon sue of he commentary may quote the fllowing pase: ACB Si 962 FF" he moon and she sun mest eich other Used, the king of the land wil ince in wir’ ithe gd ae evry month with the ie che sun also Saturn staing onthe 14 dy with the moon TF the dic ofthe sun sande above or iow the moon: the foundation ofthe thone ofthe king ofthe land wl be secure dito the king wil and in hi tic’ i Saturn sad with the nono be 14 ay ‘These psages ate quoted in digsted fu by Daas in the repoct. LAS 326 - SUA 895): IF the sun staye inthe postion of the moons the king ofthe ld wl si Bry om is throne” "Ite dic af the sun eas above ot Trlow the moon the foundition of the ehone wil be soar the ng of de lod wil stand in his sie" the dc ofthe sn and the aon confone eich other the king of the land wil growin isdn’ Tonight Saturn approached the moon, Saturn he sar {these nterpretton ts rgd fr the king, my lords he hese of he king But she om did nor only rer to conjunction af the mon with Sten, but could equly wel be appli 10 the opposion af the moon andthe mn tide by side wih all theres, For instance, ACB 3:62 i ‘ote by Alans in SAA 3 1108 “Fe moon andthe sun ect ach tke: the king af the ad wl ow in wide. This cane that on the 1 gal wa sen ith fd: or that Saturn std with the moon onthe 14 ‘One ofthe ins of Suna Shine ema, a0 some een the ‘comentario india bles, might have bee 0 strenline~ 0 Tea order the confsed ermiolgyof omen proses gable 2:25- 28 (Borger (1973) p. 4, where For dicen poms ail epsined | 27 (he moon i eld om sight side” ae Ftd. This is apparenty “haters ofthe ew comisene of the ety see, bare 8sRrcelven Teaornion U. Jee! sug that one ofthe bjs ofthe exiicy makina was actualy deerme which description of «phenomenon wa be prefered. Dung slong history, the teminology of extspicy ceri fad beome ole confied than that of atopy Expy mame sppurenty ofen quote an men protaes felled by over prota: ‘ere Formate, which war he sme inerprecation. V. Mat, “qian” This Wd of commentary bongs ro de Jp som ey erigate inthe school room athe teicher newer fo ‘pupil? questions which were weten down and ehur ped ino the ‘wien ton? The maa coud be afl cones Hee dhe ‘mubimer: ACb Suppl. 5225 (x Hanger Ko. 333) “Except (mina) concerning eben [~~] mai pi mde secrding 0 [Fj writen and calle according tot gna ble a) of Assurbanipl ." Unfornatly the st afl the reraining ine ne ming 2 i dial emablih he character ofthe ext, but what islet resembles «mult DT 77 (2 ACH Suppl 58) + K 2381 + K 1092, described in the clophon sa mix mai, ges denies tine of vou sas with ne ances, VL St, erally “what got ou kindof which episod and rare words and sigs, bah eating and pronunciation. In the Neo ‘Assia eatalogueK 1406711 atid the “extrac” ai ere of Ent Ant Eli together wil ts st, and the hemerlogis gar jul oer wich “eras (able) lw and makin Bu wie (he i of Sma eb which a the msi conseny oth ee ‘and which scone nT farm te ate of EAE isnot t00 wel 4 nine in 0 2908) 3 ton qu i CAD A 9 5 Se eh Soa be, TS p24 6 Recenen Teaomnow ow, and was probably not stndaad a all, The commenay ic fen devsied a a stm and. malin, “eaing’, eg, BM A747 (Roce Halton (1988) Appendix 24), Tai i 2 Ine Babylonian ‘commer o EAE with the ponscripe aa wae ka me ud Sqnim en. I conaine bok “phlloial” ad Fc explanations of botk jroass and apodas, but does aot ey 10 explain the lik Teswee them, sch a known from commentaries 10 oer text ‘According it clopon,SpTU 190 ie ita and mut eo EAE 56, tot ical ke he fon of fc commentay line 1: a plane ppt in Ni Jupiter: erative Mercury appest) On he oer and, SpTU 184, in described nnd mul sinply a loa to antlogcl and physognomic omens. Text ould ao be decribed at ‘tv aed melita! The diflerence beeen mali snd male dite to sc, andthe aking semaoie rxmblance Beween makitw and Heber ti sy be dead, ‘Undoubeedy, he wor i were consulted bythe schol, though nt fen mentioned explicily. An nance of si wed inthe eompion (of Sm Sin ine tari ACh Sin 349-50: [- iiss inthe naa ale (ar) sac the 22 day equate 14, and she 258 cul the 19% ad iin the dha she mom of Ab (eae) ‘eis this mon (i teem) ne means Suan Peiaps sme ofthe doses inthe lees and report sem frm sts? In LAS 116 (om thee dines), the king is asd 0 authoca a change ache ucla of aprence sib rao cables of ae fo be removed in vou of ‘ve bles of hepatncpy ‘Vil cepts of EAE and it commenti, dyna orl, wen 00 cone-lums tables They ofen ancenate 2 single top, quotingReceived Taaornion mens and commenti rom dierent bles: One exmple ie the un publi text fom Asur quoted by Weidns! which cies omens fom Yavious bles of EAE all cacening opiten another x ACH 2 Suppl. 7 110: "21 excep ofthe mult of Ene do Eni ry" he oon in its appearance is sucounded by 2 halo" They wee used oe elucaonal purpose, and some of them must have been made for specific sinatons, We now tha bets wth omens relent opriaar Celestial phenomena were rites Fo the King ep. 8). Such ables rave been ike SAA #535 (- Rocher Halon (1988) Appendix 21) whic imply olection of ami eoncecning a aa elipe 08 | the 14 of Sinan io Sagitarius, A diferent kind of exer tet ae ‘he ‘compion’ lela abet thit contain sero of men of nebed subj mater VIM. Aba “ange, what i ouside. As ss bee aged by Racer Haken thi shoul be undermaod a “ern, nor “uncnonil in he sese tht ahd es represented spall erap lest wel known, but oot a infin o les ended radon, ‘We have reksener 10 0 at ton in ctchlne, subsp, ‘logs nd as from the ees and epors though see references ate few. Apparel there were esablited oh sei of EAE a yg pa “The Asur catalogue pablsed by Weidne? late 29 incite of oh less oF EAE (unoraately, oly the ols inept ae pesered). There it dene for an oh eradiion of EAE, Suma da, gga I, physio: 2 rACh il 327, sme baie ee 2 GEA fede "igh Sr Kaa ga ih 24 x i 989 917, a Ne apn nl ae 970 ‘nse ew El ‘litt nl oe 8 Receive Thaoeion omic omens and mall pesos ie wha Rehberg Halton cll ‘iene iterate ony resem extend al oil and mai text Ih LAS 185, the exorcist Mardlekin-burieeprts tae he wl spend the evil day when he can nor peor hi regions de, leokig up elt 2d copying 20-30 sandal too” igen, and abi ables. He doesnot expiciy sare what he comets ofthese ‘aber re, bu ei esoaabe to sappore thatchey were payer, ile ‘nd rue since the et ofthe lee deals withthe peroranceof the ‘vinci ana an be seen in LAS 173, the ables need coonctos wih erin itl were peor he ozasion Ta LAS 186 hess thar he wl “alle 30-40 eanonicl gm) bless many as sre reerant the mate, well healt hee ae pesfoumal Gan thiscomneton)” As the lee des with sul be psormed a connection with the thenpy af Eaadon's mother, he ial sem eave beat ofthe Mago» Supe pe ‘Weidoe?sopgend the the ter mii ahd fen sted in the es te come fom 2 app lend eer to tbe or show seri, wich were ‘ected and compose frm te EAE. Indeed, the a ext of Somms Jab scons t be aerate exe From the mie! Bu in ee eae of sala rns ees to mecha chee tema both ert he hd ttaiion, i, tests deren fom BAEK 139 8 (Bel, Ct. 19-36), tmemion: Hm monet Hebi epi Kenimma, “IB ome fon ‘ama? ble” Nine omens Fo tis tablet were published by Virol Ics Thee omens del wih meteor and, inertial enough df om the noma Baonan aoloy in tha hey concen the under ing of « priv pence, egy 1 TE “If somebody str out on #0 tundra and 3 (booing) sae Rashes ros she eight side of the mi ah, Soi, PS 70 2 »Receivin Trapinow ‘oh ef side: ovourble It Bake fom sgh wfourble" normaly eis nox cear fom the vt publications whee the statement abot the 18 hit omens ss vo he ines jus quoted. ACP Sin 193. "[----] bi ka app kam kar" T the Kideey sta acording to aother able the ln wl gow weak Hese “another elt” refes oan aerate apode, quoted in ‘he middle of le of Summa Sor na tiara In LAS 331 eve seit LAS I. $13) no name ahi bles ae mentioned together with Cables io Assyrian and Babylonian ductus and 2 up denim i ‘mentioned in connection withthe (wing o 2) ahi les ‘Chunks of enrancou omens wee incorporste, oF appended, ro the canonical sexi. EAE 63 (BPO 1) carely dating berween he ier soars fii sections with subi Secon 1 bled "24 taneous omen (ion air) of Venu But this wcton concn of fomens fom secon 1 and IM, earanged inthe oeder of te mont insted of Fling the Venus eye, but withthe ate wowing excep that ubbari inte pee tense in sets I ad Il ite preter in scion IV), Sosy peaking, hey canna bead exis o EAE, ie i the araogeene thas a Three manucier do not contin section IV, and at Fest vo manus contain oly sain 1V. Either table 63 wat dvd into ewo ables in oe eension (BPO Ip 7), wo independen ables were er cabin [EAE able 57 alo ined abit omens: ACD hitar 25:51; “39 oe teanenus omens Found in aoe bl [Thi ine i allowed by the clophon sting that thsi ble 97 of Eni An Enlil? The omens concen Brad sans and planes aed do not, af af Ica, Afr in syle or erniolgy frm what could be Found in AE ile ‘oem Song sm iw be et Ch Acyl 13 sme om ti” >» Receven Trapmion ‘Ac mention, dhe epic vefiens oa inthe lees ate ew! and neon nae by the mst important, nd pesmi the os are ofthe ings schlars. Protbly many more di omens ate quoted without source. Both Balas (SAA 882) and Nabu-ahe-riba (S44 8 49) quote Withoue reference an omen concerning fill aon on the 16% only ‘Alatida (SAA 8 327) say i comes from an fextaneus able, see Append The bust bai for compar beween ahd and standaed ace ced by the only hl ta ht Ben denied a, ame the 29 ghd abe of Euume Anu Enlil? The 29% abi eer of EAE deals wih elps of dhe moon, the copie covered by tablets 15-22 of the sandr sre, The potas ofthe ab ae atrangel searing th si dy, ing all the clauses (done) ogee, while EAF cakes ‘one af tine, From the cmparon of procs made by Rockey Hakone emer that they dil the allowing specs 1) Date of ‘lps EAE ithe 14158, 164 208 21° apd "om the 1° to ee 30! day abd ins the 12and 13 (148, 2) Duration a the igs i ‘pred in diferent terms: 3) Colour of the moon during the eli: "EAE: whit, blak, ed, yellow and mukiclouredr, obi rs yew, back, 0 "BE" (perhaps ue) ike sulphur Fie, ike lapis like rake like + dud. 4) Direction ofthe eps shadow fren ee EAE “ic (he elps) bein inthe deton ad cles in the diction 9" i“ elie) cavered the moon) in the dretion x and ie lee ti covrod” 5) Peaing wind daring 2 ela: EAE wes the vis lke ad obib, i wr an bu ie, grow). The ahd prota ‘hs wpplementa she sanded sri, expe te posible on the 12° — 1 Apodorer are ebuchd in she se erm as those known frm EAE 2 Ei! y Rag (ED, gion es omitsRecervep TRaprmion ACh 2 Suppl. Sin 19, she fourth ele of Summa Sn ina camara, “onan st of pose dys fo uae elses whi prety incader the ai-day che 138 (ep. 105 , The eeancous mace is hus i conported in both the ere and i comment. The abt materi is “eran, direct aston ofthe Akkadian tem, ade dan canonical The 29 able i “cmon” he ‘same sese the sandr series. But pevage “supplementary” desrber ‘ha even bere. Tents ered ah filly within the same elton: they del withthe sine tpi a does EAE, often in excl hese teams ad they enjye these stars ste sda sees. The ah ‘ets formed spar of he royal ay, an i even bad its ov ke above) and was copied with the sue schol a noial, such a wi ‘arian readings inserted, ad withthe suv are’ Furthermore pstge fiom ahd were quoted side by side with omens fom she tended sete, nd some were even integrate in he eric alin the abeion which the Asan std Babylonian schol scm to have shared with Aa logs of today: coll se pete references! To what exe "ai consis» genuinely spate tain fom that ofthe Neo- Assyrian anda sev (Roche Halton (1984). 140) iii says prcent. Mot ikely se tr adverb more thing eh oe, tnd cures of diferent rg. Petaps some of the ah omene wee ompoed afer the EAE hud een ete, the nes fr mina with ‘the prtscs arse~ this could be the ese with the 29 ait of EAE (thes may be oni tht merely had been Kt out by chan: oF 2 iA 5dr qn sm a Ms ap nd a ‘dtc me fel ery rsdn Sey hin 2 Tesen C7299 with ni aan ag ne ‘sparc nen esgic Tce ce ecient se an get 2 Recervep TRapmion leave iterpreetons of she sme omens — sometimes only the spodoses ofthe stand spd the ahi omen die 1X Hemera and menologi, pel Inara. Thi rei found in two enon, dubbed by the eior “se ginal”, arranged coring 0 subject af pro, spd "ker mene”, aranged <- ceding t0 mom? The meology is sliticaly an omen text, and were rep ach hy she Neo Aas choles quotations om Iga pul sree sled co a pina Uke the nen-ctatons (LAS wb LAS Boch serie of gu contain astrological omens, many of which ae lice pall those found in EAE, e the eauakepargrap of AE bec 2 pac I aggre pode" § 100 and EAE G3 section Ila the amen fn Ven tings in lpg "ee ena lls The reliondhip Berween the atoll src sd far it no cle. ee geerly ame? hat she menology it scary. The ‘atlager so ind the ererologi to dtenne which days were goad fora seit undertaking such as oot days for ing oth (LAS 1 12 (laren in den be eit writen in the Nin emeolgy good day for the reuraion of temple (LAS, ta mea) oF good dy for the cow piace eo vi he king (LAS 46, Bal. The asologers may send excerpt fom hanes, fr instance iss faspicious dys, se SAA 8 nos. 231 1X, Surin. Among the sve ie of wars the mast atl che sealed Greet Star Lit (ora eaaliteration snd asain, ss Ap. 8). This tet is modey of mythoogal and aswoogcal da on planets and eae Sapo ta 12 2 Seta) a 69) dp a sie ep el osRectiver Teaoeion sta mized wih other materi Much of i¢ seems to hive been semble fom blacks excep fom othe ents, Fr instance the sets "Groups of Sees lines 150 B) rcs n KAR M2 422-38 and he word in tha concude the ret incles inch inleran information, such al she vals fee sgn (C726 43 vi 2 though oly the fist ety St: gore is relevant 10 aol. Is composite charter ines hatte ext snot very ol. Probably ic was meant wo see 35 ‘ vadercaum forthe aslo "Normal the scalars do noe gve any recent tenet ted hey coral wert icin fn hich tablet of the eis they ‘quote. The eney MirItar sys e his exacted and quoted the amen “exsly ae wat wren on che able to sae it utenti. The sels might sy 5 if hey que exancous omens oor) schaaly commen pl amen, spec which men iste (om the series itr a which nt, but such ference very re? zd ot content! I now of only ve instance of a reece to the nina Anu Enlil by ware, wofotnaeiy in broken contest (SAA 8 2487), “ie i wren in name Anu Ell” ad one which i cninly 2 fren tah oa sic, SAA 8454, ros Ble rb nn a infest," ead it io my fae” — he quotes Foul en fae oppocion on the 158 which ix normaly coded an ei nen (@g,5A4 8477). Geer they oa gine te soues i they ae le cout ofthe ordinary. Akal, fori, showe che tne of ue tuchiveele and quote with dent pide por writen in 1050 BC to king ofthe Second Dyna of Ii ‘Aso the ins which ave Ben so samy thi ye that na hares ‘wee raped, it god omen fo the ie and vga ofthe King, 1489 11 in pp or prs rv he a om ul sca icy woe (ange Sea Receivin Trapmnow ‘ny lod. Perhaps the king. my lod, wl sy "Where di yu fad (hi)? Tell me na eepore by Ean ro Bt lord Made rade, i writen: “I gn acs i the shea eno be ‘ancl, andi happes co you that rine become scan, make the king undertake = campaign apt the enry: he all be crus wherever he ges and his days wil be on™ bt Some ables are maa the enopons wih dhe soll Goheimuiser Formula, Thi Formula i not altogether sanded. le ares hae owlge of the contents ofthe table is eerved forthe ned “the oe who kw, ad that showing it a initiated i crime at nd af dswoying the ble isl. The Frmul sometimes canis an injunction tothe nian show io oe nites. In so all astray, nding the eres Eine Aa Enlaces cosiered 4 pare of the secre of dhe grt gods? In geoetal,dese incldal “livin ad thesia ars, plata ar whole ar when Aas fl che co mtr te “at of the wie apa, che hidden secre lore (nr the whole at oF experi” Tht he schlay pare of the serial ans waa jesouly garded mandarin knowlege, ot be saad ‘with peopl ude the sib fai ieident om lea nncnen om Unk (541 B.C). A cra chlariepimanded fo acing ee ‘empl slaves, and warned tha ihe pss e wll do soon pin of che ng privet One cad imagine that whe nai na genera vex was the go seco “mystery the various commentary ses which wre he ky ro uderanding the diary mie and he real oF rch scholaly work an therm, were marked 3s the sere of the schol by the Gobrimwinen farm, Some sich sien i indecd Fs Ho ee eKReceive TaAorniow found in the elon of Ki 1904-109, 9426.30 0.5195 Hunger, Ky tear Singcae ele nist an i temars mackie Reading of ht ha to do wih the gent gods i he ert lore of Heaven and anh Reading the commentary is the ert oe af the schol (Write according 0 a9 ol igi and calle Tale of Madukllimabhe, the young student, the soa of the srbe Nabi) Bette ext ili appteily oe very eater On he ores ae 2 lines with omens ofthe planet Mas remain! The omens are aot known fiom EAE, which of eoune does nor sy sch given the pes tate of pulicion Some ofthe cls aslo tens tended sel ep, CT 26 49, 5R 46 1; bo oer ae orinary omen teas ike ACH Add 34, Bowe wonders why same tes were considered sector why certain scx wich were pat of tater otervize accesible to any Tete enon, were hep see. One may alo wonder why ater, which sm ery cwee 10 us wee nor only one manacipt of NAM glucan i clsied)® Indl in many eae he Fan sex Fave been eather airy applied and mast kl, i should aot be nderstood into te ses: ee could cern ot bes oe ep very secret if "Young student” Gee above could ge rca 2 copy ie Bat tthe Beginning of hires, even a young scent presumably had sworn by table and sels to guard ee scree of the wear godst 96 orrens ‘THE WORKING PRINCIPLES Babylonian astology was the rot of the intercon of prac sleraion and ceo schematization well knows fom te ther ‘men sve! Te coc phenomenain divination: ela and acronis singe and setings, ationay pon conjunctions and abe postions 0 ‘cation oa pric cee body, eps, colours and other opti Phenomena all deve fom actual oberon rater thn speclton But iis obvious that practical experience wa subovinte wo theory oF scheszaton: in order to Bt the varou schemata, aso phenomena Which never occu in eaity were Hite inthe seis in dhe ‘clip eto (ae blon). The acherntion cade nay opposes tte lee ihe shave below in fone of behind trig — Bor conve hatluly ane qusifiecaon ke = colours white, lack, ed and yo? ‘real he fou quarts time: month, dy, wach, dartion lection path of Anu, Ea or Ea? "pip ars of Al cao Ltr. Ft eae anne epee Rag bn) ‘eer din SB Up (90) po eee a a on 198. 6. din se OB mar po ny Tht i nade py este ean ae Sn ”Paces Fartheomoe, these opposites and qualifications do not have the sane meagan antag i ey rm the next rains seven for in bord, bt there ae ome tendencies in that ition, General is good fa may wel ponending plane oF x oelition representing sch a planet sigh and bad if an ei portending planet or conselition i righ, and vice ves hey ae fie simi ae lias in exis, even is eno altogether consent in ite apples, Yin igh ie» pr Familiar good ign ote ight: god Fr ws tad sig bad for ws (or the enemy) Lf side = prs hos» god ign tothe lec god for enemy, ba gn = bd for enemy (or or The sinbiguiey one of ena in neettion, whether dhe ight side was Primarily the furl sid, primary “ur side (asin)! OF ‘oe, this opens up many posi in interpretation, Tn asology, an onien wis oe seen to pera to one of the four ori emiice Aldad (Sout), Subaru (Noe), Elam (Eas) and “Amara (Wes). To the Asians omens pening wo both Akad and Subst refered to" ein times when the Asyrian King was the ‘oveoed of Alda, Le. Babyloia a well. Elam and Amur ered 0 “he enemy”. Which quarter an omen praned ro wa decid cconing tovwich month, dy oF wach ofthe nigh occured, nd wich wind sea bowing, On thea, he pth of Eli tnd for Akad, the ph of ‘Ao fr Ela, and hep of Es fr Amu, Alo the planes andar ver sloate regan, bu arian radon ered side by sie, ‘An astologiel omen war beled to be valid only for » speci vid (nm), depending onthe nar of the omen A Tat ele ‘ul spy fru 0300 day (fre low) eile omens the sas wee only valid fo 30 days? Ths dill somebt om exipicy where the denn wa aia ited by the vine? ‘Spun yO Tl 1 SS Rp 16 UJ 99198 38, 2 4099 a gis lal a on Pauncinss lei fen considera the halla of Mesopotaian divination dat i ancentae onthe anomaly In Fc, normal, regula, fin etsy, heey phenomena ate inporent and auspidous omens? a he flowing I wil endewour to give 3 description of some of the ctoracteritin of the vaio ceil bodies and phenomena aed che {evs pou) uals connected with them which are meatond in ‘he eters reports. Thi might pve some iden of which mina were censidred mere porang but the asvolagers relively seldom ecnmmend the perfomance of aporopsi eu, pes the asters swe do haveare apical. Very pbs uals were evied aut more on ‘hn we can scein. The dexxipion af couse fr Fam eave anda athe rstaig sk since the asolgial tradition 5 fll ‘of conradicione and censily doesnot sweae by roe ales. Bal emake (LAS 3) chat no wo omens hate the sue interpretation, hough ‘Si shou month omin, nigh be applied 0 atlogy a3 whe But, ‘mentioned, co some extent everaeations did ei. In my preenation, [follow the order ofthe EAB. AS 2 re rset given only for ements and explanations tat a8 ot be Found in Gan, Plenariom Bablnice “The Moon “The soon plays proninent prin Babylonian elgon and arog. The Fox rey. odd ble ofthe about 70 tbls of EAE concer the moon, the 8 tt of thes del wih eles, and abou bal of the ‘ologil eepore desl prinary with haar penomens “The praraph which conclude dhe seton ofthe EAE delig withthe soon it lowe bythe cclie ofthe Fit blr sour the a = "ex Opprsin (1979p 2 9ves the impreian tht she sig given bythe moon were unde a roesges fom Sin himself but the texts somewhat ob andposiby sonra ei tm ant nn ma 30 eta gene ing Mane kt pe mee ba i mah. Stumm aly Mane ae? mer 30 par fe! ‘These athe orcs whe Sin ithe moon) makes decion, he peat gods of heaven and earth decide the dange af mankind and thei ele, fod ile, det, the pee gil demons Seba says lock she nay in Fea of Sin In the lees the sane ides ay be expe gin Nabahhess comment a omen about the Pleads and the moon (SAA 8 72:6) Sin ar intercede withthe gods om bbl ofthe king, Te king wl be wel” Even in Bama ci, where no onc eco goo than Mado, Sin i tendering ved (V 1224: ‘none wetepe mild itp add m-ma oabat mi ne wi em fle ene porkn ina ngre be Fone em a poh ol mae prrinebeete rm ubdet 6 acm Fr 7h age (ale ps Sse be mi ae bee ie ip 9 ‘eho pa nah yoo oe hy mc ‘Seon hn yore Sep Bee a oi yf 2 Halli ome tp my 100 Pasciues Femme Sa ned ae i ac ine int beter bead ered td ca bulam ane hare Si gba Boo] in be eta at a be Una se giskin baer eral Aletapma dine de He (Mardul cad the moon go eo shine Fort and ental the night oi, He aioe tobi dhe jewel of the ght, 0 dee nie the days "Go fort in your ta every month, without il In the Fit ofthe month, a you lig up ove the ad, yu shine wth hoes toma sx days om he seventh fe he ia be al. Othe cents day, you shall be in oppaiton to the sus evry mide of. ‘he oath. The, when de sun loin ar you fom the horn, swan, grow backward a ix proper. On the dy of dipper, 2ppecnh dhe path ofthe su 30 that (on che hit dy). you ‘hal bein conjunction, you shall be the as compion. I hve = sig, flo ite pth You and the sun sal apposeh each ‘thet angie jdgenenc™™ Sigs of the Boon (OFthe mou! jel the new and he fll oon hed speci sian “The ft sighting of the new moon ered the gaming of he next "Teron le by Vann 1 (8) 96 gr aa ee ei ln pew a sganebbaretet saan ac te pet toyed wp eg nk ay [etiam mean ose 101aac ‘month The ginning ofthe month was god (ein epales of ‘he lng of che preceding mont) sn LAS 441-1 "The moon ha taken 3 nice oar it i the being ofthe month, alo LAS 46:14 "We ll he 4 anew dy iis the eleday- A "sew dy i ike the aging of he month, ti vous.” The day’ ofdspparance was ako called Sin’ bith! Tht te any rences tthe at spect ‘oF Sin ad ois significance a ringer of portent nthe Heat For example the dri Sn, Mayer (1976) p. 4937 "the day athe ew moon is your awit, the see of dhe grea ods the 30" your fet, the day of our dvs splendour” Ie may sem sna strange oll the day of ovis the day of plendou, but hi mu be de othe Jinporance accorded ro the moon “completing the dy" binging the ‘month in harmony wih his own mys number 30. Thi dete ‘nthe leet ad repre in ow wp, ithe (930 nm sat Lay “he ‘moon will epee dhe 0") day" or ayn an ei, "the G0") day ie engthened oe ill memure"2 The appearance ofthe new oon 08 ehe 29 in the leer and ep commony expres he (930 ums ss “The 000 wl jet the 30") ay” (The new day lean a unser, but the ew neon only besos ise a ile ae Th he dy alter the 29" cul iter be an sore one hour 30 day whic he maan byt appearance ejected and edi the ty oF the new month, oF could be 3 ample” diy if he new aon ‘came visible forte fice dhe nex evening) The ominous conten ofthe co posible dation ofthe month are bly sed in ACH Si 3114 FHF the moon is sen onthe 30 dy: deseo of Ala be toon is een on she Fr day ood lack for Add.” ‘Two ones for pperanes 00 the fis day at fen quoted tage “IF ee m00n i seen on the Be ay ble pec, held wl be content” Ede jag ante (096) 2M, he a i 90 gg 12 Puncarues (20) dy i enghene wo i il eign of lng dain’ Ihe ew mai i tn onthe 30 day ie mene fot, clamour ofthe enemy sd depending on wich moot ti, Abt wil devour Subst oF vce ‘es, asin SAA 8 61-4 (Nabe): "I the moon ise in Nan on the 30 day, Subse wll devour Abn 2 foegn people wl ule Amat” We are Saar” The sine cancer ofthe st days ofthe mah sao aed in che emerlgies. According othe heneralogy KAR 178 it 1 the sun and the moon are selaed in conference, making dcions (in Enime of V 24, quoted above) 20 toto be approached fom 3 let the 26 unl the 30% of Nia, The 29" i cll im bubbudn “lay of disappears” (it 37) and eve tlk solar and uae eps ae pose. The 30" i suo dangerous (Gi 52) bat Sin and Shar wl Bless you if you pray to them ad a {0 your on god. In ANAM gitar a (Lvingtne (1986) p. 2421 Sin and Sha nd otra ake decisions For the land 08 the 27 The oppotiion ofthe moon and the sun cul be deci in many sens the pga: 30 20K ache! ig the noon andthe sn ae seen together’ or ding ki ini "gpd it seen with go ie a tance The potic 30 620 Tigi the toon andthe sun ae Tulane, 30 w 20 fas, ee moan ad ee sum ee each the" andthe someha acre phase, which mut be a desertion ofthe al ‘30 ie dam ma i eit gurmn garnet the moan reachefequl the aun abd goes pall with ity one hors cel the other! The 1" wat considered the proper day for the ‘opperion, portend aly, nubfanes and peace in he land and 2 sable dae and wid Fr the king. Fl noon gee accedon the 14 sine ie acurs on the average M7 days air conjunction. TF ‘opposiion cuted autie it "nara ine” aden mn simi ieee 125 13, 15! oF 16 ie meane eat x sang ener would ‘ome and wale and Hons would age che ad 10Prunaaees These are omens concerning ay way the moon may appear, inoue ‘rds, the look ad shape of is bos, ag", wich ef tithe 0th dt ofthe moon a een when fal but more en Seen bys se appearance exthahing or to phenomena sent sound the moon, such stars or cloud formacons Many ofthe listed spe of ‘rae obseure and may ee difeen ppeanor. More importa haps ares bos, wr, spare (ret hla) ad, ene pen the 22" cide planet or consteliion seen wih the al ofthe moon ‘scqites an minoa sigificanee, Te omen wa died the al ms not else, but how much ees to have ban 3 mt of pion Gee pi2, Rituals Connected with he In SAA 8 520, Munbits reports opposition an the 10 and recom mend “reading thee obervatons ofthe moon, the kg shoud nt be cares, he should pafom eter a memburb or sme the reer vial. Other he dre coneqdence lrg line locking the tn the king wll be gy with is counry and people hina nd sl celpe in one tmnt, war, 4 conguring een, bu ao thatthe pods will decide for hapines, andthe ng of Saban fave sa In a similar snaton (fall aon eo ea, the king wrote che cient ‘MardulSakinsun, who is LAS 172 repli: “Concerning ca the moon an the au were son in oppscon athe at 13 dy, hte sa ial (dali) c be permed agsine i Let Nabi-pail come and peor i seconng fo my instructions e sould ako perfec it for Ud Ea” Most tel chia war the procedure flowery tne cial was recommended on count of a8 stl omen pes of te Moon Eclipse of couse very conspicuous, and they peed prin ion tnd divination dhe tan and independent fon aly ~ as can be seen also in the examples fom Mati and Upiri, tneonal above CChaper 2 Etc scr co Be bd in themselves, and ve ted long wit ther evi ha ight bill maskin. Since Old Babylonian times 104 Pancrues they were Frese by fo isan lie! and ll dviation? and ae rmenined in Samma al’. They were also (already inthe OB cen" predic by aolgicl omen, by Balas? by he new moon appeting {oo eal by he aon Bing very big’ even by fog” In analog Cl conteat the exe = i ie mctally ocurred ~ rust of cou be inert, Thi ithe only example ofan ominous event known to me that el eel be pede by divination? ‘Acie well own both iar and solar eclpes were primal ns of dimer forthe king or ht enemies, scaring to which form the clipe cook. Eaiues were very important mens, an an intense watch vas hep when they were expected to cur ~ i seems fata that NNabsahheci (SAA 55) should deem it ney eo explin that celpes mean rouble (ui, ‘The dinsions for obeevng nd ntapreting an ele ae ie in Summa Sn ina etmart abe (i anant enna ans) aime namin = danni enn nara ene Kim rr [8 ame. ll am gig lai wd gp en. aan an 3 we Oe [i w- hogy lou uray ne 6 i ud. 20hay +8 udu gh num ual en 10 ime 6 an. enn ana. ku tt = df anu enn murubcbs me kus bie (8 aan nun ea ime kur im in: ire tgan ro [Wi ged kin ab lon = i iy dy ate kar > Vo 0 54 SAA 8329 fn hc sion py ess Set ph a8 Ach Sah Su 199.20,sma [i iain te kao bi timed Mansa 0 [i ud 13ham hac da} hue a a 5 a roma 16a ar bir fin 0 in. i sa Arai aan Roce? gti ac ac tal ce ikl aa ni kn hak a a raat subi enime) $30 ana fake itl nema evan im Kl» Hime el in a. gare ed de (= eal ome ca Be. ka muh cde ‘An ecipse of the evening watch means plague an ele of the mile wach means diminishing markt an eclipse af the moving sath meas te sick wil cover. The ptod (adem) act by 40 eps io the eveing wach is hee mouths and ten dys the riod of an ep ofthe mide watch sx monte and owenty thy the period ofan elise af the moming wate tes moots An edipse ofthe evening watch is for Akad, an ecipse ofthe tle watch efor Elam, am cp f the morning watch is for Subaru The ments of Nis (Abu (V) and Kin af ‘Abad he ont af Are), Ua (V1) ad eb ) ae oe kan the oaths of Sinan i), Taki (V, an Sane) ae for Aruea the outs of Dani 1), Arai (VII), Addr (8D ae for Sur, These re the noth of una eas. The day for Aad, che 140 day for Elm, the 159 day i For Aur, de 10 days for Subaru, These te the dye of laa cclpce The South wind efor Eas che Noth wind or Aba, the Eat wind fe fr Suharto Guia, the West wind i or “Anwar The Path ofthe sa of Ell for Ald, the Path he staf Ai for El, the Path of he nar of Ea For Airs, ‘When Sin mas an elise, you must aso conser the meh, he day the wach the wind, the path andthe postions ofthe stare ‘hey stood ting the eps, nd then you ean ge. se a fe AO 2S 8 106 Pruvcanss| sion in seconance wih it month its dy, es wate, i winds ts ph and is sr, “This iscaplind by Munabiu (SAA 83163 fa Follows: “The ei of an elp afer the ane iste bythe mon (it. “he owner ofthe ‘ont he one indicted by the dy, the one indicated by the watch, tnd the one indicated by the begining, whee the moon bea the ‘clipe and wee he ake ic off and did thee take ovr the en ‘ofthe cine” Munna then goer oh to interer the ep in ‘quenion (678 B.C, May 22° = Sinan 14, evening): “The month of ‘Sima is Arr ssn is ie to Ur. The el af he 14 dy: ‘ead "The 14 da Ean We donot know the guadene whee ie begin. The naan sh the exe) oF dips toward the South and the Went the ei afc Elan and Asm, That di started to ear fim the Eat and the North, mea goo! hick eo Saba and Akad ‘That ican covered comply means tat the pene perineal “There are two rules fr dhe inerpettion of the moveent of the cclpe show incorporated ino the EAE, According 0 able 15, the tof the moon where ete stein he couney eat wl be ic cording tthe introduction af ble 20 the opps is woe ‘he para the moon where he shadow moves to indie which ountry willbe ace! To judge by umber of maser, able 20 was more popular than eb 15, and Munabis flows he omer. But i ier roan af the mone agp by most sous? The pacer was [Nin (Abu (V), Kis (2) » Add ‘Aja, Ua (VD, Tees OX = Ea 2 in ura gy MAUI, A Spd Sc, A 8801 ah A Pat tn eae ta (4h 8Pancrues Sian (UD, Take (VID, Sabu (XD «Area macs (V), Ariana (VID, Adda abate ‘hi gui pig he oy iin acdc wih nacre wh he we Gi han i at eof te oor we ap ‘ony pone eny Po ope diri fto hee, Man fe sown fm me at oe “The Souh eae Nan Aad. ea Sab che Wen A” Tt patop yates cu empresa ‘cine mt shy bag fom sn caw ho ning The Gr Sr Lint B 8. Manca an ‘Significance of the quarters: " > setae ‘The righ pact of the moon is Akad, the ef pat oF the moow i athe pe pt fe son Amur te ots a ‘moon is Subsareu, pasate ‘Thee ex a ee the dfn see Dereina ate inepestions fhe pois bu oly the ewo following ae aplied t eclipas, 5 Resto her swf A 2S 124 to Puncries Signifeance ofthe Sipieance of Action of he shadow quan: Aang Sou) ‘Accoing co Rocher Halon the mot sigifcae fear of a ana clipe ms the diston ofthe ovement ofthe ele shadow. This ny be ao inthe secs but in rain ems co ve ren which tpadant mae. fhe quadrant of Saar or Akad excep ring, the Soma Sunn wat) wat eclipse Zar para had be pfoned, The ther oa ierpretatons ofthe ele acon {ay mont, dition, t) could or ipl she ell and may be ade ‘ts of soplementny infraon. The oly cles phenomenon tha could ig the el wa he presence of Jupiter ding he cps? Belles asenion that if an ee wt wsble nthe ol cy evil does nor apply (RMA 274 = ABL 895:3 1 is probably his ow Tnwenion~ is scholar seems to have ad ighly gia approach 0 Aviation (eto p18 The EAE conan lta mens persningt lana and slr eles wih dvi poder, areanged ecard 0 month and dy, wth mare rere 2 hay 214, LAS298 6c 85 109Puncanes oF le impo oscarenes. Far instance, the dae lied fr lunar celipes in EAB are the 14%, 15% 16% 198, 20%, 21" ad 1-30"! And fae solar elias the 1 98, 19, 139, 4, 198, 1, 178,208, 21, 2, 29%, 30™ To make sense ofthis nonsense pocuo-mathematics ar {NAM githacen a) could be apie, se the example quoted above pw. “The Babylonians scam eter che given an astronomical expeaton eclpes. Tablet U6 of eb mnt? contin myalgia expan sion: seven demons, mesenges of Anu, bk lose and sutound Sin, clearing hie comple. ‘The purpose of the il ase #0 be 0 preven the demons Fon also ein the king, who is Hkened vo the ‘noon. The erplastion presyposed inthe sli erature sen 0 be hat Sin eis 0 his owe iiatie ~ of mite Hea hi ow burton, LAS BDF 50 aa ei. Tn the New Aayan period, sas were not yer able vo predic the occurence of eis mathematical, bu they ean had some rules ‘thumb, They knew cou hat nar ele ae ony possible fll noon, and sla eclipse at ew moon, char the moon may be eliped very 6 eyodie month andthe» mle ene may pede o allow ‘lunar They ao knew she 47-mon eclipse peiod* Watch wat hee when an ecu was expced rom she 13 16 day (SA4 8 279%, The schols were of couse nee in being ale to pede els and ‘other events eel, and obieration were probly ole, Oni tce Tees esi themes ome epi an ep (LAS 105, 80 and 1) The oles ofthe socal sonoma davies known sof dates 2 cr 169M way ln 08 98970726 "madi 89.1724, Soa Sg ie 0 20 ig ain, sri’ al yo ec 10 Paces to the ye 652 BC. the 16 year of Samat um kin! and has excl the sae content and truce ate ter dace. There vr re08| ro ippoe tha keeping ecard of abrevatins war an enabled practice 2th tne, even f we have no diet evidence fom the fer. The 0 lets which scaly resemble dis (LAS 80,650 B.C. and 105, 621 BC) ae both ater than se bulk ofthe eet and repo. Rinals Come with Lamar Ecipes ‘A tanta ext a ingury by the King about x specie problem 0 Shana al Ada by iver divination, pubs by Weide. cones the ocurtence af na eclpe in thi" moms on ee 12" ~ 16 dy in he evening dung the nigh ra suc, Whether uch a miu wa fred everytime the pony of an eclipse war pated eo he King, ' oF couse impossible co know, buts mete existence sae the ase Tink beeen the two divintry practices Un eannecton wih che as celine deri in the ineripions of Sarg and Nabonidus we abo fave evidence tac ips omens could be cotrborated by exp! The mie ot gves me interesing information ofthe gener pecuions| taken in ae of an ele (L 14M) “Should {swech out my han should the people ofthe lad nat ge aut, not la i, ar sar cloth should dey not squat dawn inthe place of mourning for de lunar cops of thi tant, shoul! in eit monk the lock at be lord" But the action taken by the king was above ll or his own ‘aly, The for pare main patie only performed afer alana oF solr cpa, even ii could abo be prorat “elises ofthe planes, ie eae dsppeaance behind the moon sain Fare was eat some 2 Se tad, "The Ta Ts RA 14 (166 p19. Wen Kline mash Ki von FG, Poke AD 1950 p30 joa athe pta dang ie BV Sep AS mPruners infie enon, a proner of wa oa convict, wat all king with allthe paapheala of kinghip, ndings ge bodyguard! He aon the drone frp «0100 iy, ofen sore, even cho the pid affected bya lunar eclipse theory was determine bythe wath a ‘hich it accued and mens 100, 200 and 30D day epectively (ce hove) Ar the ead his "reign, the subsite king and queen were pu vo dent, Ding that tie deta king ay ow and wat adie ot co leave the place, but be sl xz i power and recived report Flom his schol addres wo “the pes’. To make sure da the ei wa ‘eared to the subsite king, the omens were writen, do of ‘able which wat ead o hi and which he should repeat before Shamash an which wa Faldo hi garmert Parola interpre thi prt of the sual co show thatthe ei peice wat vega as 2 divine jdgement ofthe ling king ine and et the frp faction a Scapegoat. The Fc tat dhe mens had co be wafer the ling king «0 hirsute does nor sugges this come, The abate prety ony ete the ei ofthe omens tha ted ri of the cele and of ether pcensoccuting at hee of is enronenent, since speropse ia ad tbe performed for heel king inthe eset ‘fei potent le on (eg, LAS 334 onthe ne spacer of Mar Tei posible that simile rival could be cared out for her meters ‘ofthe royal my, leer wo the queen mother ABL 263) mentions slave gil who wll he wi niall aia an ecg “The bt inl ian was performed otha the ie ofthe eps oF soho i vas predicted with cecainy (LAS 185), and athe Fane ofthe subsite king (LAS 280) le consned » ole of ls which ended ih some wo tle des (LAS 185, Marduk kin, chi xorci 3 before the moon, 3 before the Pies, 2 before the Avowstar (Sr td Beta) 2 before Mas, 2 before Veg the iil bl of fit imi, BBR 26 i 63, as Orion), and ie sexe tae ches ould be pevfonmed by diy (LAS 185117, Sn have been chanted 2 2 Fait inn mi 3 Rash 8 9. 24 m2. “rile Biogebe der Enel bax spar from few connected wth temple ee only the ones containing the “atl Forel” have “public significance” in tht they concen the king and place! The tal Fore i fed fol need ite the et ofa = fen ‘with no orgie conesion ro ther ofthe eet 40 that in ely it Beeome = kind of nemburbi Cari, thi oral cou be ined igo ts’ sos any gd 10 Ada Ble, Enlil, Gul, Ni, Tahara, Mardok, Nerina, Shamach and Sin In he instances ‘he day and math ofthe elie and dhe mane ofthe king ven in he formula’ ven if Jupiter wa vile daring a eps, sme ind of aptropai ria see to have been neces (LAS 299 and 278 16) With the ‘ing ny lad, ls wel, ut the watch should not be neglected ad the ceva onburbd should be performed” LAS 185 mentions a namburbd called "IF the mo and the sun ave become a greance othe noble ‘nd bi coun” which there unknown but seems co be pestered ar eps. ‘The Sun “Tablet 28/24-39140 of EAE deal with abr omens Report dealing wih ‘he sun are very few (SAA 86, 209, 210,280, 308,310,382, 384,413, 450) Oche which mention the an rely concern Sti oe blow). The sunSacun ised to a 20,20, “ae, ox esen mel by che schole Nabi abhe ens, fou for hit loses (eg SAA 8 39). The re Shama Hyinn (BW p. 136156) spe shat the un “ere wh ‘nih and joy” onthe 20 the 20 isa 0 be is igh day tre ia rs ecg Mae 1[BWE p, 221 and 341) Inthe hemerlogy KAR 17859, ind a 4 day of Shamash, a ithe 18" (i 0) andthe 21 (64 lips ofthe sun wee es sinter ha lana eclipse perfomance of ‘he ual Br rink wae fr inance aoe neces (LAS 04), an ty may even be auspicious The slat cine which took place in the rmoming of jana 29, 669 BC. (SAA 8 384 and LAS 28) portend = fe and these cite lng es he king ad abundance ois and but also death to the kings of Han, Suburte and Amur, snd 9 3 subsite king had tbe inal. The ei wa inepreed condo, {0 which pat ofthe di of thes wat caped in the sme way a wee ‘he lune (LAS 3006110). AG 2 Supp 401 "IF hewn weep at the econ ofthe Anannai” i pps a pote ern fora sleet? lenders that thes ting rice (gt Lara, or “ony” su (al, more dangerous denn) than a ecg, perhaps bene there was no mambur gains i (LAS 109415 MLAS 104, 9 mse, ces Addl pring tha solar ele tok plas in the mowing but no abun is aed sine int Uke iar one. Nees ‘the king ordered tha wach be ep alo fr solr eclipses, as pens for instance fom SAA #46 and 47, Inthe anonymous leet ABL 477 we har ta the hing as demanded dfote answer sv wheter 2 sr cele will acct The weer boas that nde lr oe wal eclipse fa espe his aie and he also exons the king 6 Loker inal since be wil be oie Lag lin Rb 9619 Sho he aS AG acorns Pruvcinss “The Weather, Farthquakes 1 wll not concern anys with nero omens, even if erage 1 cought to sine a snton of EAE is devoted eo them, oamely the bless “40-9150. They del wth shuns n connection with eclis, thunder tonne and lighting, doad Formations, in. she rainbow, wind and ‘nukes. The apodones ar no diferent fom those known fom the fest af the serie they concern war deat, Feri ee. The Four (opphikal quaree were acne with the four eins In cher {lierene fom the two schemata which were commoaly applied ro lamar tctpes the South = Aldad the Nort = Samu, Gum: che Eat Ea the West = Amur ‘The Planets and Fixed Stare In ce explanatory woes the Heavens were eninge a dvd in this yrs In SAA 3 no, 3:30.39 we ea thar At wa inthe upper heaven of laden sone, with 300 Ig in he wide heen, of agg ane, the oe a he Ig Bel St 93 thowe, and (L 33 “The lower heen, of aps, ofthe stars. He (Bl) dew the con tcl ofthe gd oni So the sar are bu the wal nage of the god on the boom ofthe evens a wae Tha he planets ad Fed ste wre rep a nage ofthe gos, na inti wi he th ale erations, lo appears Fom Evia ot 141 ~ V ave bir abrvee bre baer mei ps bat Seid intima bli opti ble pla melee sin ede ‘irri 80 es ep oePaces igile ddan if tbmwe temeni ‘emu ‘enh aa mabe un wma heim mav-eavn an dngidnge gag null sedittrnslee ll abate (badd san. mien ag 1 ean moliel Stade ahah ie cm a ms. ase Bnet Aad mens nk a dd i an fem ls epe ani pied machine ‘men ew kin i He (Marduk went over the heen, xine i gins He sep 1 counterpart of Apa, E's dling, He wetted the dents of Ape he eablied kara (House of Tol, he get empl in ts keene The pet empe Hla, ee ae he uli the hy. He eased Anu Ell and Esc se up ther dvelings! He shio- ed the postions forthe Great Gade and made the ts hi is fet sand we conselaion. He rhe othe year and defined ‘sions hese up thre sat each forthe weve mon. Aer he ad dean the sched of de days ofthe yet, he founded the tad ‘oF Neer oni hr guideline So eat noone might eto be res he setup the stand of El and Es with i (Neer), “This ie 2 very wicky page whic has ben the sbjcr of much lacosion idee, The. Atdaian some co me 0 be purport tmbolnt, refering the clei and eet Haba ofthe ode a the same ime. Fom this psig, s wel fom the one quoted above 10th dose connection of Ban ei with contemporary ogy nd astonomy is apparent * foe neptono E-V H1 ingne 989 9 Punceues ‘The aswonomical meaning of wae “the Forty oe cet It has teen taken to mean the pole sta! an nao ofthe ei ies swith she pu of Anu, since i sands with Enlil and a. nae could be Jupier oF Mercury. Rely J Koch! has sagged that the page quoted above, well Ente el VIL 124 Tele Mercury when ationay ce a aimuth 2709 inthe mide of she path of An Tn this conection the important thing ahi an incraton of Mar- 4k Inet oe ofthe manscrips of EAE able 22° as x pargraph tothe conelson which ir ery similar, aly hee An, all Ea ae cet with designing they em ee Sena ea dng linc tive w ech add gin ‘hin mane ee sarge le gine missin =) de- barn ‘led som ean air lone ni fa +=] it dome ‘When Anu, Enlil ad Ea, the great gd xed heaven and eth they made manifest he signs, die ehe places and esas he sens They [vv he gs fhe night and vided the pat they pra Ky Ww, PS 2996 9. 13 en sty de (7 na 3h ag the wha eon vel by om ees he somes» cee ahi ig ee ie Nap 1 Tee ee Maa 3638 prema te Pr ® ke hme tp hn ran ein ep 120 ft Ms fe th Na cg A {Sih Mp hc hee Sc eS 8 A 179. VAC Se Rai (98 p70 7Pronciess rode sary images he constellations nigh and dey ‘month and yen they mate, ln the moog et the deerminatives maa dnl ly, rellesting nothing i Seems but the habit of the individual sha. ln some css a leat, the planets appest ro be go in thi ov ight, a ited in ABL 668 (name lot) “The sa (Jupiter, Ven, Saturn, Mercy, the waon the sn Ba mab, he Awa (Si, Lis (Aner, Bele bl (Veg Sees (he Plein) and sn. Frou ofthese gd wil perform magus” Sil inthe i of Alvin witness inthe Stzenion Tren of Eathaddon “in che pee of Jupiter, Venus, Sst, Merny, Mats ad Sis nthe presence oF ‘Aur, A, Enlil Es Sn, Shah, Add, Mardak, Nab0, Nosh, Ui [Neg Malis, Se, Bees, ltar of Nineveh Har of Aa (SAA 2 p. 2913 M). The pliner and sare mentioned cnnorposibly have be vile all a cea the ine ofthe ety or ay her ine ‘of tha yen! thy ike he ‘egos, may have been epee by ‘hee emblems In LAS 1, larder recomend thatthe cries oF [Nineveh Kali and Aba eke che oth of ly om the sight of de Skenth of Nisan “before he star Bur this wis done a ex pace ‘0 aol the conequnce redid in the emesogy of king a oth Alvin the iy, ot bec the ceremony bad o be pened 3 igh Cerin pines apd eonseliions were tefered to cllectvely the "Godt of Night and ae sch ined in iad prayers which had nothing do wih ancloy, rinses in embarks perfor on 3 Count aFon-atolgialomens But inva onsen alla ta appear inal sont of magica mei ctl *Fo inne, Satur, the Bows, the Pleiades, Sirs, Matz and Orion ae inva lng with Pere “hora Nghe on nla aly sch ese al mui ogo pur a ‘Rg ere Kash (9 8, 4 Se Ra 190 us 2 lange numberof gos in cable 2 of Spa. 180), and medicine i txposed to Gules (Rene, B. Ponda p34). tthe hemerologs, fering and abo of aout planes and constelitios, Ura Mae, (von and Cancer te ited long with those of eke gods! Sls planets and tr wee ao par of the rin and ae din (othe moon, Mar, Sue, Orion, te leader and Vea These could appre be pefonned inthe dayie (ce LAS 185117 9 Als the ‘al for conscration of vies, incladed rings 0 che pln, ius constellations nd the atts ofthe thee paths (Ta 82) Inde sonoma compendium Map the Fed te and pases on the pith ofthe moon ate refered ta gods, and ofeigs ae pre seibed for them on the days of thie fine appesance (Hanger and Pings, Main 1 43 ad pi. The whole problem is eidently a ‘complicated sir, and one shuld be evel not to impose distinctions orig wo the ancients There re sven planet ining the sun and dhe moon Thee plane were ald didi, Alkan bib, wld sheep” (ey The Great ‘Shir Lit, App. 8 241-4), Madapi 141-6 dese the sun andthe nets a ring onthe ath ofthe Moon, Ii 7-8 ume dhe up "gs who hve these pone (mans), who couch the stats oF the sy aod keep changing thi pon The sme ide expres by [Nakata who expan the rer in SAA 895 «7 mud iin neko beanie me i isan in music tn iosegn, “WiK Shesp sa ha enn: they ae tars whic pas in font of thie courte, above then.” What he teas is presumably hat the planes ihe hep, wander dough, and in front ofthe Bed star ‘making thir cure, ud iin alone cold only be used co refer © Sturn Marand Merry, banat Jupiter and Venus perhaps bea he o planes were the most important, Atay te, ty ze the only ‘ones ro have secon ofthe EAE dealing exlsively with dem. Mar probably nd singe blr bu 0 ew ndvidl omene of Mercury sn Sete 999 nd nyPacis Saturn ae known thc they probably didnot have whole ables devoed tether! allow the pe Seleucid eds of dhe ples: Jpite, Sarum, Veni Meteny, Mars! Spier “Tables 6465 of EAE deal wih Japiter? Jupiter ie the sar of Mandl, but eferees in ery texts to Mad’ stl aspect re oe equen for inance AGH p 4613. rad ke dah ele on the pure amen, he paced in ey”. However, Astana ‘Acrosic Hy Mardi ful ofallasons ache god's cleti et, gs line 1 6 “your shining mae i ape ga, the Frimor of the Foremos, the highes god. who a rising shows ign” Thi ideniiction ig rected in one of Jupiee’s sane, mull ‘Aladin dipiny, “the heroic one. The onary name of Jupiter i sapmegae which i expe inthe str Lit V 846139 “be bsrer sgt the inhabited word” loth abe cep. 138305, ‘on abba but hi planes haa ame Fr evry acon, 1 R436 (and SHA 8147 (Nabe la, "Lord of he righ eiing name of opie cits hcl sng in the et, signe ga in te extern shy, abe ering” when ie snd inthe middle of the ay Ge, culminates crossing the meri) dae inthe ween ly 1 lo ar mame fr every month (1B 33 22). Jupiter i he white ples, | ‘one of es names, oul babbat "he white sae” shows, sd tha the moan ming Jie Vos Mey ah a the Get oo {San Sgt Mk wc white alo means tha Jupiter ands lt by it (AC Sap snd 369) ute could sg she moon in whit sens 3 coved pal 0 ‘Satu sgilying the sun! This eatin war wed by Bala and Nab sheers (LAS wh ty to peru the king ent apuing that the pparance of Juper equa the appearance ofthe new moon and thas ‘igi che begining of now month andthe end of ating Jupiter is presen ding a Tamar elise i cnc the vl emen Othe, Jie in connection withthe moon i lies alway ad ome (og ACh Br 18-1). “Topher wit Shama, pert “Lond ofthe secrets of Akad” (STC 1 ple ee | 26), Accordingly, rghoe of uper pod for the king and the land, and she angry gods became reconciled with Alda. Is tencal Jpter i + harbinger of pleny and pea, exept in close enneton with the moa Cece when eld) when ic pends te eth of king and wifi the nd, nl iti ened wih ga (Reals) in which cai rigs lng diye to the king (SAA #8 285), Jupiter in the pth of El meas ta he ng of Asad il row stong (9448 54: inthe ph of An thi he king son wil evo and wep the tone: Anus pth equal Elan, she omen pein to Elam (LAS 28916. or aera (SAA 8 170, Bad, and SAA 6 115, Bulls) ie means a ad » prospering op In ZAS 29, Mac-tarveport lad omen ta oper ha exceed ‘ner (dann by ve dye. According to Malapin I 149-50, Jopier remind invisible fiom 20 days ta a moh. The period of ini of Jupiter ic acaly been 264 ~ 3504 days Papal ogg ha Mar iar wal dhe mean vale of thee modern figues, but ta ces les lily since Marea quotes Madapin, He merely went by the bank as informed ea Jupiter had exceed term by ve day when nox vse on the 35 day and daly epee "SAPO Ah 74, aa 9 ope v1Paces Ris Connected wit Jupiter In SAA 8 370, Nab-Sustan report tht Jupiter sands inte al of ‘he moon, which mean tha te King wl be confi, bu thee verted bese she flo not clo But in SAA 871, Naar faye "The night ofthe 1, Jie tod isthe bal ofthe moon, 3 ombud be perfor. The blo ws ot clos” He doesnot ve any spodos, but presunaby bas the one quoted by his clesgu in tind. The gravity of omen at he effet os eal, suchas dhe one ‘hac an open halo diel the el pore, sem to be 2 mtr of ‘opinion, In LAS 67, Nabe eb writes ht dhe une nab! ‘ould be performed andthe ten which wl evoke should be wie in the tex of the mamburbi. The omen in question earn dhe appear nce of Jupiter andor Mercury portending thatthe wkd wil fog inthe ld, n SAA 8 288, Noa om Bonin reports cos jmetion betwee Jupiter and Mas june 679 B.C) which poten mong othr dings the il of rest army, clin the ad, dent fee ‘te, death ofthe king of Akad, bu propesing erp: "his i an el ‘men oral lan the King sy Ld shoud pero the abu 0 rake isi ps by” Marla advises in LAS 259 ha wath be pt sd the reve memburb be perfonmed on account of Jupiter sing 0 the path of Ant, even though the ome in theory pene eo Elan beeen soy In AS 268, Ua, gama oF the king eons ‘hae the keeles wl be pled ronight before Marduk, "Mark hight consvably be Jupiter, and ee ital sed by Jupteone. Saturn When in the anol et Saar is lee wo by its own nae iis alse lysed (aiding Alan join “este Buc it war also known athe nigh sun, or ar of thes, and 200 Pruwcanss| tue equ wed in reeene to San. Parola! sage tha cir ‘lenin may be de oan anaciton of Sium’s Adan nam live fim the rot fu, eth kit, tice’, which i feos 38| tebe of Shamash. Another explanation ofed by Page? tha dhe ‘sun's ypsoma set as Satur’ rise lemere, the ai evidence forthe hypeomar is rom he seventh entry BC ad the asodatian of Satu sd thes sensi ade ad fe more entrenched nthe etn than wanted by soch acne speculations. Anyway, the ection alin ue outside of ily sarologieal contest, In the abs (ieee p, 138307), Sau called the sae of eh ad junc hs | ir) the ial mip Ta. 10532, eon (Lib cle “hoe of Shad bt te “houe” of the sun x Ae Libra i oft the “howe” of Sour, seep 135. San i Frthermore eid wth [Ninuts(S4A 8154, fon Nabe): "I the su Ge Sms) tnd inthe aloof he moon». HF Nita stdin the oof ee aon ny amy wl ee Foti enemy Ind”. The duainy oF Sha and [Nira sisteted inthe commentary AC ar 10-11 where Venus is ident wih Shana a unica Nina tn, Strn ao Gil the black or dave sae. Papo, LAS II 636, expe thie ‘hough enon with Nir, without expisining why Nuc ‘woul be onder "bck". Ninurt i decried a "the ight of heen ad eth who iliac the icrior of the ap” aniston of ‘Asuna Land Sand-AdadV describes Nic, under the ame 2 Hagen age (98 9 1 for 4083 tech hon men ae Megat ee ac ncn ta a v3Proscines SUD gill, alate tne bran li Sere ging “the lol sn whose postin onthe clear Srmaren is eplendent When Sain stands closer a sa the sa is sid 0 weat 2 lack tia! (rhe tits ofthe sus!-ACh Suppl 361). Tie aim connection with ‘Venus ACH Sip. 368, the Yokestar (Bost) (ACH far 2:18), tbe soon (ACh 2 Suppl 1413) Inthe reports however, hice only ro fave applic Saturn in conjunction with the moan (SAA 8 4, 4, 517) In SAA 851 (Nabiahhei), cis id of Mery in Fo of Venus. Mey evidently had mame connetion with Saturn, th ate saclay Stun cae tobe ae of the sinter planes low p 173), in 3 nonaologial contre, The Wespon Nome Expon, he i of Twelhe gods of my cy, amples of the storms, pene with Libr, Saturn and Mercury s perhaps Sau had sister sociation i dependent of sto Sn s the star of Aad (SA 8 383, Rai senna the sta of Ase (SAA 8 491, Sap, oe Borie ale the sr of the ing: £45 3267 "Sates the st oF he nant ere i hi is god forthe king for Shamash ithe sar ofthe ing” (clan AS 66. Sur Function a he sun's sub in connection with the soon, Leif Sam stands inthe flo of the mann on the 14 shi eas ‘opposition an his day and porteds the same things, ratfuless and tbl. Ieee igs the bad omens of epposiion othe 138 (SAA {8 40, Naa). Sa seen i genera to big good sen (S44 8 39 15, Nab-ae-ribls “The appenance of Saat god for the king mylar bt the leer and eqns whee Sur ic eine sre unfocunaely fen broken (eg SMA 8 297 and 547, LAS 6 and 40), tnd dee no se to acy place slr 0 Jpiter in EAE > rnc 9B 44d 114 Rial Connected with Stun In LAS 269, Ura E che camo ofthe king, reports shat on she ight | ofthe 29%, kedrum wil be placed before the god Ma? upon toes ofthe hing They sl perfor the (chan of Saturn atte same time, and he god wl [es he king. The othe of ou epee the king The ital might hae ben performace of an omen warn Satur (nd Mas) Parola (LAS 1 sub LAS 26) sgt sa he Mae Swurn conjunction Janinry 23, 69, repo a pening in SAA 8 182, may have been the ozason. Rak seni (SAA 8 386) warns ht Satur sree fom Libs tomate Scorpio and recommends that the ing stay indoor and be om his gard sina ceo. Venus “The les group of planetary omens in EAE, ables 59.63, concerns Venus" The veel nares of Ven are Sl et, explana as “the lights sta” Guetta Bu, R640), and a In SAA 8 51 [Nasiabhe ib refer co Ves bath at ibe and ‘eda ab ta/Venus fons wih Shamash and Sin wht sgh be alle» els tind, as iste in nema 16 (CT 16 19554) whee Ell afer conference with Es inl in Shamath and er to heey order in the pu Sd and sate he ralethip ofthe heavens with Ane =k sh the depictions of Ve ad mon cote on Ks In itera ext, erect lear nal spec ate burda, Venus was bier, changing her sex according ter postion in rebaion 1 the aun, bar ere apin we fil conftingadiions According one on she was considered male ad mali) 380 ‘vening sar and fale (nd benef) a « orig sa (BPO Ip. 46 text IVa with paral aecoeding to another she wait orig tr and female as an evening sar ACh lair 88 The (ioe inn iC 9Pruncanss Sine of Venus sacl flee in the letersi i here trl fered tin the mucline ad he Fini. Bu its not posible to dace fom the les which ofthe two trans was preven fn {AS 69, Nabahecriba wee the masculine when the ple dct appear an eveing sar so here the Fie uadion i Fellow: ba in AS 65 he ws the einine slo abou an evening ar Meum Fallows the in tain in SAA 85 Ferale roring" The bieaity docs noe the mens ads no plied inthe Venusabler EAE G3 (G70 1. "The mere viii of Ve is counted Frourable (LAS 70, Nabisabhecrta; thus if Venus i sen in the pth of Enlil, che fiourable omen prns co Alka in the path of Ant ic perane co Ean in hep of Ei peti to Amur i accordance withthe sigitcace ofthe paths (AC iar 41, Venu geen rings i ely = but her conjunction wi the other poets portend war tad bad lack forthe king IF Venus sexs hal Befoe i time, dee il be wang inthe ln, Ven ithe arf Elo (S4A 83022) snd sccoringly Nab mule (S44 8145) ner sexing to eal as pening © Elan “The cecrding of is ghings is among the okt puns of EAE tengo te vey ely intrest nthe plane, Table 63 of EAE (PO D canans omens pereisng eo the Ven le, based on obcrtons sud ding the gn of Amada By th eve eure Bes ‘Venus le wie carinly known andthe ewe of Venu could be predied with scary. The wits of LAS 66 (Bali or Nabe cs) could wih convion reject a imposible + sipored Venu vation? i ten fn Vet als Comet with Vos Actnentionl shove, rio Venus were pt of Brim n LAS 308, ‘Allan syed he hat co wes pind dg for Ven For thee dye. The nature ofthis uli unknown Allan ay he "plete eatin tn ig tin 16 10 do ifr the life of the king 0 could be to aver an vl omen. I say ao bea sual connected wth a pas inthe eye of Ves ike one rmenoned in the very Rgmenary lever LAS 11, om sae um-er, ‘whic may be connected wih the blaring of Ven in the Wes. Papo (LAS sub A 308) egg that Aden atc excuse bi shacct fr three dye de 9 the enous ature of the tal me ied Thisseens unity ome, Akl does noe uy anything aboot being aay. ad even she ual wa tious he wuld not have #0 xcs his, prihes wot being a0 Assyrian vc. LAS 333 (Aad am-) eports tha they wil efor arial (dl beore Ven Sit. Which sland why is uncentai;ie may have been pre of Bt rink LAS 27, Ua meson thatthe kerledeum wil be plced tefoe Venus that sight. This igh be an appesing inal pene ‘ce of Venu men, Others there dace orem 0 Be ny Ves ‘men which eile forthe permance ofan apocpai ua bt thie may of couse be purely aiden Mercury “The names of Mercury ae uid gulf get “the jumping one, a sae name or ee astese moving plane. eis abo the Planer ros fen refered to simply as wim. “wild seep". In ‘Malapn, Mercury i consinely sete with Nira, bt aervise Merry is oy ened wih Nab. As Naa i he on of Mark so Mercury ith nae of he Crowe Pie. ighness wa the 1 be 2 god omen forthe peice (LAS 46 and 707, and if Mercury ‘er Regs pl “dhe kings) mean that dhe crown prince sl eol apis his ier (SAA 8 245. But Mercury ca also be the sta of Marl (S44 893 13, Dak also SAA 8 503: no ame and EAB abe 50, APO Ip. 42 IlL295). Merry cam be described 3 ark ae Fa planet (SAA 8 51.7 fof Venus) oF a dak cente of «eon at a 38 vyPaces selaion (SAA 8 504 and ACH ler 32:10, Scrpin: SAA 8 146 and ‘BPO Ip. 76XViI3, Lo). can alo be rel ira AC Sap 3612, ens: BPO 140 IL 7bc, Cancer Like pies, Mercury is associa wih the moon! Mercury was above alla habinge of in and flood in whatever month it appene,boh ta moming and a evening ar lap. 138306, SAA £2157, $03, ee, ce LAS I! ub LAS 120) in Malaga weer, oly iFicappes in the wine (1 54-57). Buc i could also pore death iF ie oa ia Dumas o toad is Ft offi, the ent the 008. ‘There ae Neo Asn vente! recnbling EAE blr 63, which prin to the eye of Mercury, but in the Neo-Asyran prod the appearances of Mercury could not yet be predicted with any cain. Bal and [Nabi ahbe ia (LAS 53) know only enough abou ee planer 0 adi that they cannot ule ot that ie has Been obeyed in Bayon even i they have not sen i themae ye Mare Mac pray bring ei sniter carer i made abundance From its rmany mney and he names of eostelaions dei witht ltd in The Git Str Lit Ag. 8 8113). Sone of same at: Juma ie”. he nahn" era” emma" abt “aang, Ober names refer appenance: mel. However, ie ular some in atop content wat gelbtinn, of cera «symoogy This mane seapined os hab ni “he incculble a, of maar tine "conan pending pierce” sho S418 1143, Balt “Mats Galbetmy i aid be for psn” Ie is soil with Nev and ferences in erry emo Neg at spect ate nor infequen, eg, Majer (1976) p. 479-5 "You ate exaked inthe pre shy, you osion high wth Sin in the shy you wach over 2 age i, “Ohro Tsing Ps Ma 462499) Paasciues everything” Mars may even be feed 0 as Neal apenonce i ‘crn and appestin omen spades, atoll and other, tleay in OM Babylonian texte "Maw rie and deo the ae”? “song The Grn Str Lit Appendix B 219 = CT 2640 v7, Mars i one ofthe ewe sar of Ary acorn 1 EAE'50, BPO IF si ithe star of Eas, sl SAA 8383 ad he comme SSTCH le i 25 whee Mare and the mon ae cle "Lond of de ‘Set of El") Rab ees ofa star of Amur and Ela, Finally ie could be the sar of Saba, according to Sapiku (SAA 8491), who consequenly lo inept is brightness 28 good. The aninosy of ‘Mars ties ren and non -prending iF Masi righ and ood if ee ine (SAA 811413). When bight, Mas potends wae tnd death oman and bass when weak i enn plenty and ey Mar is afcoune the rl planet par excelnc (audi sa, and en cle! by tis mei brings pose co te people Oba wi) but aoa sagiog plague (min Senna) (SAA 8 274 04-5, 41945) Venus ised if Mae stands net wo ber (ACh lb 628, o ete [Mercry or Mae sade next 10 ber (AC lar 717) ACh Supp 36:1, Mar idee a 2 yew ta of Venus Ritls Comeced with Mens 1 LAS 334 (no nae) the “ame” quested perform the univers omburb,esbungée and wikis fr Ne In che text of che abril shold be wien: Regarding the planet Mars which ‘eel i ead [Fl inthe ebatlation Aces may el no fpprosch, not come scar, not pres [upon mel, oot ax me my county, the people of In pallae and ny army” In SAA 882, Bala ‘ecostene ht the unienal mmburb shold be persed becuse of ‘he conjunction f Mar and Soar, which prtnded saci fr Akad, In LAS 149, Ada-omapr the Kings xo, quoter he king's order "a el 1 a Es et ol 2 AMS qty Rab 89 13? nie RAS 786 9 Tec ay we en ein, Mae 0976 Na iPPacis hat he pefoem 2 mamburbi for the king hms and for the cow ince om accoune ofan unspecifd Mars omen In he fegmen LAS 233 tee hear that is ate etd before Mats which is approaching Spica ‘hurporendinga swum oflcut Sometime the tvloge ectend ther Kinds af precautions in conection with Mar phesomens: Nabi herb (SA4 853) eps the sibility ha Mars wl each Sari tnd recommends ha the musering of aemy be ited ily an hat the king not go out Le SA 8 387 Rail senion advise the King to be auton unl Mars eves Scorpio. Ons prsiing to Matin Sia 1 indeed il porending, ee SM 8 302: FE “The Fixed Stare Some ofthe ble of 4 were devoted to pata content, sch 1 table 53 to the Pine. Scorpio, Caner, Leo and sme ober Probably au had able of vir om, ae BPO Ip. 24, "The regu eaing of he canselitions in the monte mined co hem inthe Arle was genealy wel porendig, bu in wble St of EAE e {swell portend fs coasellatin ie ely and evi if iene Ge [PO Hp. 36 Like the planes, the constellations eau sand i the alo ofthe moon ands gin signfeance in thi wm righ. “The ideation of varios sts aod pane wid eck ober, and sxpecilly of conalions wih pant, it» very dsinive Rate of Babylonian auoloy. also sea resonable sumpion dates ht el with consttions reaching nde) and approaching (i) ech ter were wet with planet, rater ha Hed tin mind Ace, this as how ic was undesod by se ancient commentator, eg of EAE 512 Reiner and Pingee (BPO Hp. 201 sume thatthe names of he ied sin EAE di ay xg fer oceans and that he 5 Sere Ach yp 8.58.25 661016, 2 oh. SS 130 Paancanss ‘olacos of EAE 50-51 ony Flloved the practic of equasing names of fra with plant to a vey limited extent However, the chloe quoting FEAESI cersinly wd the eqns Asti eno, or isance (AA 325 3:5) quotes EAE 31 (eta able text XI, BPO I . 67): "IF in Ulla dhe Kidney ta ies aay the rp wil presen com tmnt: "th Kidney ai Meru"! The edatrof EAE presumably ‘woke with Atle Ba a ating poi, orl ar and mos tnd the text orginally efered to abe Kidney sar 38 vothing but the ‘onsllationKidaey stat noc prcudonyn fora planet, Never, inthe eter and eepors heise ta sppeae msl ters planets | in connection with ples, For exmple the omens prinng 10 the ‘igh ight or vcoas colours fed ar, which a fen quoted citer relring co» plane, on the cine where» pliner sade inthe ‘ont, before to behind tha planer undead as giving the Fred se thei cours, or making them bight or fine. Reiner and Pings uggs tha the ieifextone originally were made by pain ‘mina pening Bed srr with rion pertaining co planets which dsm podouca? Thi might cerily be ee im many eee 0 many iene seer ae eandm, bu othe mechanisms ae tla pole. In along ey, Beold (1918) developed the ide, fist Proposed by Bol cha the ienestion worked by likens ia color father than mythological, phonetcly or otherwise “Faen der Pane in ver Abingsn vor Ror au Weis wurden eden det helen Fsternevergichen «und 90 cine” wl in no wy veo 0 dics all the ieniesins Benald bs amassed, bu de Tisopinion shar te Raed sear were an aboutly “deal chap” (120 ‘and of na nett the Babylonian astrologer exept when desi with planes, he sete misinerpret the matt for instance in is 2 ro Mp tan 2 hing fr So fhe ee ig of ‘tn qua er ao fh ay 70 > Sor ond Sd de Rn G9. 7 1“Menifcnion of Scorpio wih Jair! OFcoune eis we thatthe plans ‘liye the major role by fa, bt somerne the constellations wee alowed fn age 21 wel. The Her of detain by clout ein my pion ‘ery diffat 0 upd on evel Kev though Iwill noe deny hae ‘lou iene ay have ben the bai oF oe idensitions. We know which colour the planets were supposed to have, but noc dos of the Fred star and indeed Berolds argument ae based on = misuader sting of the word ipa whic be tke 6 vant of ub, “lyer oF Tricks and iterpee a5 "seo" (p, 119) According co Berks syst Cp 127), Sitar is Weed wih Lok Jie (white) and Shur (beck, Pies Austins wih tle Jupiter, Mas, Ven 2 Mere, na few ces the eso chee is (Aquat: Venus 2 Jupiter ot whee we do have descriptions ofthe colt of aed sare ihout the mation of plan the scheme fs Uy (p. 145) Tn view ofthe preset state of publi, and che poor condition of he ble cent ici dificult determine she ature of he working ‘rikiles bend the intentions Some of the identfeion ae Probably bel on mythaagy (Venus, hrs, Seni ther sy lk 2 planet and i yea The roc wat not et iver ithe Noo-Asyian tind. The postions of pnts and te mom were pinay refer wo ia elation fo 17 constlaions not ll inthe dip, describ a “Gods sanding, ina path ofthe nonin the Babe of Ma pin! hase const tone are: ml Se” = the Pies: guan.na “he Ball of Heaven” (Tour sipsian.na True Shepherd of A (Orin) ugh "Okd Man” (enc); mab “Crook” (Auriga) abt bagplgal “Grae Twins” (Genin ah "Cab" (Cancer go Lion” (Leo; asin “Fura” (Wigols bein “Soe” (ibe) gets "Seopon” Gepo) Pabilsag (Saptari: uhuriie, “Goats” (Capricorn gla "The Gren” (Aquaria) kane "Tails (Pses:simanah “Swallow” (SW Pisce) meta “Anica” (NE Pisce hung "Hire Man” (Asie) Many omens de wih the planets eneig. sig io ang ticular comellioas, ot ja these 17, but whe other comselaons ‘wee mentioned, they were in practice ofen identified with one ofthe fats of the Path of the mon Lana eps could abo be refed 1 fone ofthe coaseltians othe path of the moan in place of dae? Hwee, this price wat nt too common, and oly on ele hort rognph is krown to del with tI se nus the pugraph ‘we Incl in EAE 20, of berween 21 and 22 ~akeraiey bere tebe 2 and 3 (Wider (1968) . 118) none manuscripeei dee 22 "schol commenay" ep! wmmtn? The paragraph deals wih ‘slip inconselintions othe pat ofthe moos cain em with “ectis (eb) for GN (Ge, sve). Ts decibel as “sella pokons where Sin an make an edipae shel give deions Fr i (ANB 19:37, Weider (1963) p. 18). The et is quoted by Te Sunecte (SAA 848) and included in crepe tx “Apr from his de constelaions of "he pa of the 20” did na oes ay pti sige, unlike the aoe in Helene and loc sology. EAE Tobe 50 scene ro be a strap a tas genes haere of dive planes and cnsellrions and ce omens in ‘ppory, eg BPO 1 et II T-1b; "The Str af Ham or ed. The Sar of Elm x Mas che Ana “Fc Anubis Si very ra thee il be colt nd IL12-12 “Gein i or devouring by Nera IF Mars approaches Gemini: he prince wil die; bu thse character tion wre no coset apple, The Pleiades ad a pects abo ‘ide oop. They were mony dough o ing wr and destin, tt sons rag nl Fog, tap 46 comets sessPauncinss| for instance: "The Paes, dhe wake gods, who cay ow and atom whose ising meas war" (Bore, Azra, p 7912), an hey appt In therein of Era! The only planet ident with the Pleads war Mar he mot il porending ofthe planets “Aher group of stars sometines wed a ference pole te thew calle signs it “pgs sas that were known co cline the ‘sen that bers ju ete ve the nae rzon, wher they ight be due co dee? They ave not inlded ia omens bu at nl wed 10 give the dime forthe oecutence ofa ei, or inten LAS 80 ad 105, They did have soe signee in uli ont. According 12 2 passe ina Anyi Foe ee ing hou enter de temple of ‘Assur and Malu and re pace when ces sigpsae cline? “The Babylonian Bt nit ater minis "alert pace, the Iypoma of Hellenistic atoogy the particule soda sgn in which 9 rule plane was shoughe wo oth gests signs, This he ving od wih the Helles ei, "hous ofthe plac ~ hey epee the ne ide but stn rom 9 oly dfirent ato. There i very dove corepondence Berween the Babylonian and Helle stems schemata » Reape organcupasieeng tome aoe Meese owe Tee, 7h, NE MDA De baf ate 134 Provciers ‘er ni] Hypiom | Calendvic een: ns | Are ie Spring cquinor (1) moon: | Pinder | Taye | nveclaion Junie | Cancer | Cancer| Summer slice (@)_| ‘Venn | Pictao | Pacer | curso of pring 7 Scare | Lite Libr Pllegeaoe 6) Merson: | View | Ving | Precursor ofall Marz [Capcom | Capcom | Wine slice (6) “The ast sum inte edie eent conteporny wit he sing of the ern contin. Thi eosin i mae by Ping’ in ix Foun the commentary to Map 10 some extent in accordance wih Malapin’ OF cous his cou be the vgn ofthe hypsorat, bu In ouer frm ance rool sequence ofthe lendic evens, the planes mat be Hae! in an ecsprionl sence 248 moon, Jie Merry, Satur, Mots, Venus, “The few examples we have of ment perainng to 2 plane in connection with i ni ndicates dha i was ial aourble Sign. Veness the only plans or which we do have omens eoaneton sh is alar win, Leo. According eo ACH Suppl. 3427-30, Venus ‘eching its ir nibeforedappeaving good omen, ad ice versa it isa bad omen if he dpe without reaching 2 Bu according ACh lar 235M, estore om Lang, Bebra 7 (1913) psi 9 fic means war. Eavadon erst Ven reaching i ler na 2 Tce Ma 0 Hane adage pint > Sea 7 31018 13sPacis here Pisces and dsppearing a god omen, andr Jupiter ching it ypu and saying there, ar 2 vob omen and 2 spl fom Marduk hace ws led withthe kin’ planet ig him ack 10 his temple Ezang in Babylon (Farr p 156 0 The modern ent Featon ofthe Babylonian hypsomata of de moon, pte and Merny sre sed ov Neo Balyonian drawings? andthe evidence or he re the cadonlieratare, EAE and star at meg. Thee diet idece forthe dt msi Eaddons insrpines fom 678 B.C, aide eridene for the coeep ie only tile ear! But dhe Babylonian copay of "buses" and Bt ii ofthe planets was eve {hee import enought be ineladd nthe ol cons, nd 0 surive in Helene asolgy sit us have been pt of he beri 20 elusive ol eto, 2 Semen (907, “Hangs an Pap, Sar eed ie bypeny Uen ay aby grant Wa FS) cl 8 136 PRACTICE ‘cea, july famous, which was las ied by Oppesin (1974) a8 A Balen Diviner’ Mane ges vivid deciption ofthe slog’ working conditions. Oppenheim reps i as repesenring a pond pare Fom he ream oF wan, writen in Sarai ne, bat ‘oiering than les tha nine manuscript known fom Nini, ‘0 in Babylonian daca, it mus ave bees cari text! Te opens wth wo etlogues, its of icp of divnacory cents aout unprovoked omens int lite ure bles of teresa omens of the Summa ate described i the tex 221 a8 coming fom he sere’) "IF month of Aran on” Acorn t0 Opp, sone ‘oF them ae known in the published corpus of een oman, Then Fallows» Lt oF init of eleven table with cli omene. The of the line ae known st oes in the stologie serie, bu oly one a tm inp 34 “The Feld tari he onth of Nis he inci of ble 51 of EAE, se Reiner and Ping, BPO 1X1) Some ier re ‘athr sua than init, ach ine 27, "If Veni tao ‘he morning and ber perode The fir al is Fom the omen commentary dcusal above . 83. These eleven ables ae sid ro come Fro (the wri) “IF a ar son tha ha 2 coma in Font ad el Leia and i igtens up the hy"? The ext stats line 55 D tha every sign that as evr acured in eh sky or anc ns end in the ow teres nt, The in nee oF ths et she nation egies ‘he inerpration of omen. tte ver and over pi thatthe sgn oFhenen snd ent ae comaced (38 sei by apa os Tn Si ‘8, Ie sa 2G Te tw Sa i BF 7Practice ade at isi isi one ad smd ae wt eb gh naw heer al bar sn ktm i 0 Jn ae Temes nhs lene i in tin ene ine ae bawseet “The sige of he earth together with those ofthe ky produce sig: sal heen and earth bot begs portent, each separ bt aoe Aire, since sky and ear are ineconnected. A sig hai ei i hey ie on earth, sgn tha sev on enc is ev in che 3, “The text gps on with the Flowing wuly unique deeiption of the sioaion ofthe divin (lines 43 ‘When you lok up 2 ip be it ane he yor one on cath and if ha sig’ vl potenti one (ated), shen i ae indeed scared for you in reece to an enemy ott dete oF 2 Fane. Check the date of tha ig, and should 90 sign ave oc ‘uted ocounebslance tat sign should no annulment have taken Plsce, one can nor make i pt by ite can not be removed, il happen. These ae the things you have wo conser when you study shee colleins “FF the ont of Arana oad “Ia sar fas a cma ia Fon”, When you have identi the sigs, and then they atk you to sve the cy the king and hi sje From the enemy, pence and fine, what will ou say? When hey complain © you, how wll you make he ev) Byes then? “The way ose he el pen is mumbai is gen i 57 ee iin shoul compute the exact date of the aca of he sigh The text ends with menologia bl, which summarizes thee ean, Presumably she divine a glance could decide wheter the et cme when che omen occur was ounble or unfivounble for the 138 Ba Pace nderaking planned. Did» fvounble dining cancel ut an el omen? "Normal the time of occurence wat dive fr which par of he wold the omen pened ro ~ but the we of hemerlgis to ance omens i ot ated in the kee en if thi tex eee at ul stem to stearine the sa ‘ges compendia and mean of digling evil omens, gives 2 good ‘decision ofthe asrlogers regular poco: ie Fret out prinent ‘min, then lok for pone counterbalcng sign and perhape wget seine appropiate action wo be tke, "The acl reporing ao the King would cllect and wie ov a ‘qeamigy of ominn with protses pertaining tthe oberved eet Peramens sha they considered siuicnt eas actly lle "ex tract toon (the reve amine from the sre. The ela ‘omen, pot and pada of sh ominous phenomenon was led is pl, “inerpeation eg. SAA 8 325: "Mercury became vein the fo inthe ron oF Ving, interpretation "IF de Fish a comes tle tothe Bow sar the harvest of the land wil prosper" Ii of eure impossible to know whe omissions ot incline ae due © ‘onscou selection and when they ery tefl he inviual schol’ tbls and devoion co dary. Very Hey he econ of the scribes inched ering by ea slesione concerning ominous phevomens het ected quently, a the clophon 10: CT 40, Be 26 F (= Hangs, Koloplone v.98) ie: "The thi ealletion of ext from the sess Sua la co tevin”. Thi mig be the cae with ee mers eran othe moon's cy: all oo om the 14 day, new m0 10 the Bt, sine everybody quotes the sae combination af omina een ‘hough de ones concerning he fret dy apparel come rom diffe ps of EAE? 9Prcrice A Case Study “The delayed appeatance ofthe fall moon, combined with he conjunction ‘of Satur and Mar wit the moon in Virgo which cok place on Mach 159 (Adare 16!) 669 BC! inspite a semingly unpatalscvy: lest nine epors and one eter (LAS 54) del wie Thi as i fhe single most commented upon ede configuration ofall hat we ow of, surpusing even any ecipse. I shoul be noed ha i shi ust prod, Adda 14~ Ni 9 669 BC, wo ofthe sch alone sen the king more than elven lees and report This aun of Conrespondenes i eth alfa month econ sen i the ex of he LAS corpus do center an the petiod 672-669 B.C, nd he repr othe period 675.067 BC The eer fiom Bala and Nab-ahe-esib, LAS 54, sin poo co in, but i appt tha ic war writen someday eis (Mach 13°) than the eons in newer oa ng f theking concn Satur snd Mas They ay that the eonjunction af Maca Stari rye cain but he ley wath an eo In pit of thi elaorton they did noe quote the same omens when he conjunction acu cece “The nine eps may be sunarzd inthe lowing able, arg according t wie and quoting only the ons, kevin otal expan Sint and commentary. The numbers fer tothe ere in which cach rer aang the individ min in his port. othe al xs ofthe pont (i tnsion), see Append A ‘ain ier: Ala aa a, a n,n Neb Na nin ries A in A, NAGS, a, Sp, ZH 0990» Prcrice 5) Open a Wingo Sine Ih ein el oa 15 Ms sy 1B a pn aniPractice Bap Te pig -|-|-|-]« -f- “The table ates ius chance of Babylonian xo ~ The preominen importance of nar and planetary phen. Only 006 suhor ees a eonsteliion: Bal omen 22). The suo flow ‘oughly the same eer when reposting ter absenation, hy a wth lana phevomea, goo 0 te plat in the haar hl, the 22 hee, and end with ther paver phenomena. Only one acho, Ba! ai, oes noc flow this order, but he too sare out with ar emen The oder in ccondanee with the oxganiantion of EAE, and ssn have been followed evel ako in other reports which sncade lar Phenomena, This howers, i ony a tendency. chee is nding ke the "igh onder followed bythe rd in ean ane eporing onthe eas ofthe ox! = Henifaton of eel bois wit each ther. A means to ques te most out af parc eel phenomenon war the technique of idenifhing ctl bis wih each oer, The sof Henin ve fen obscure tu and censily belonged to he aco the dpe {ep 130 7,1 prope sigan thatthe only ensfcton ld suchor apply the Meeaton of Saturn with ae un wich on oF the olds sod mos ell tablished. The sin represent Satu in en 1,13) nd 16. The autos whe quote omens ising more sophie ‘enews do nat once set the ae hough or ae ob found ince serps, Masia plant wih any alas ad dhe ache acs "cB fe Moret Sei Pn og (9) 6 a Ma Practice ‘on the plane: 9) Yoke star» Mars! 12) Pleiades» Mar, The Delete = Sueur! 13) Coevas = Mars? 16) Poughatar = Mars 19) Forste = Mars? The only exception ir made by Bala who iene one contels ‘in with another: 22) Feldstar = Vig, one would expec Mat but The Great Star Li onan a broken lis of detcon of vaso stllason ith Vigo (App. 8 41,2 he may have ound confmaton thee ~ The arinion on heme. Beside the eiesins the pant alo had Aire names above) <1) "Stange ir one of he aes oF Mas. Ose 17) and 18) te obviously tated ann ACH Sup 495,10 they ave ently che sume apa, Not only was the nomena ‘muni, br he rerminloy ed wo deste esl pheneee wat rather wobbly: proaes describing ie same eels phenomenon in dif feent emt wee collected in the ses ~ the be expe t pape Ina phenomen. The aloes had much to choose rom. In his se ‘omen 1) 4) al rf fall oon on the 164, In omen 7) mentioned fan unpecieplne, the term “planet”, add, morally ele 0 ‘ther Merry, Sar or Mar The rw authors quoting the omen 3p rently chow ech th ienication of a “planer” Judging by the one, Bad sens 1 refer to Mars, and Nab aber expicithy tates chat he i efing co Stu ~ de same crn could be appli Aileen eles pheoomes "Tei SL #10 mn =a. Ma 2 Ge AC Sh 3a ein 42 yp ee 78 wae Sin sc comme ACh lS overs Mar msc i Us 85 ce Ah 5 un ig 848, The rhe i opin Ma: AC Spl 72, oe AC SOU Vie A Sot 537 MsPracnce — Arial applied ras end pnezations Ao pons feel emi the corration with he polices of he eth abil, omen 9), seemingly working with The Gre Str Lit a6 3 die sions ies che Yoke star with Mac, which he vig spe the tt of Aur, ako in acoance wih The Geet Str Lit! Therefore he sys, eil omen eras to Aura. He ses Satu ste ta of Alda, therfore the good omen ofthe “un” in che lo ofthe 008 eas wo "us". He applies the ale diac the plane indices wich unary the amen refs a. On theater hat, Sai decries Mae 3 ‘he a of Sub, and Satur ache tf Aura He then sy that “Maris bight and Satur dl and proceeds, aplyng the rule that 4 Tight good saris good far us and it bad sea i bad fo she enemy, ies goad Foros a wel. Therefore he bad omens perin to Amur, So vi ally opposite inepreatins of the plant ce wa scl ac the ame fvorble ey chosing app difrent ues! Akula ‘spot tht Fall moon aczued onthe 10 and e tate, acodace wih Some Sin timate, ta the 19 sige Saba, Ove would pec that he el omen mu pertain o Saba, bu — pesop in onder to fvestll the ya's sty conlsons~he ined as that he nen actully refer co Ab. Why tht shoul be so uncle id he tex i unfortunatly some Baten. Normally, the day inland ‘oun affected, In SAA 527 the ei ome of il sao onthe 15 ie see co porain to Amur since de 15! the dy of Amar. And ‘swbere,, Munmbi (S448 320) cones oppsion on de 16 as ‘egw enough o wasn a poi ia. am end ol dha the schol use of generations laste arctic = Aer dey to ing fo he brig sie, The ro strlogers rot word are some of tore dow 0 the king, Bas and Nabe cis, They quote mal vi pontending omens and da so explain them FAL Spl ieee OSE 9 Theme pn eb Saa Ma syn view of thie coopertion isnot stage tha he Ba have ‘dg up the fourble exrineat omen no. 2), bat aoe of them quote the these 0 san omen 6) pring to he sun Ge Satu) inthe halo of the moon, whichis cel by mos of thir elleguce. Nabe crib isthe ony anew notice Jpiter and quote the petnent, un ‘our ome. Bait slone ommend that sneting be done ro ward OF the ei amen, even ihe doc i in somewhat fFhand manner Wha des it arte? Le che prinenenomburb@ be peor” = Confting apres, The wns weak of eons ite wll the wily conttngappraches posible i inrerpeting these ede phenomena. No ony da the author choot uot diferent ona bat they lo elute the eelaive immporance ofthe ele phenomena Airey. Ta some writers, he covjanction of Mas wid Satu sof {rH importnes, while ater itp i ster. Some ae prac ‘pid wih the Ie appearance ofthe fll moot, while wo do noe ment at al and oe (Rai js pons ou tat he next opesion wall cur on the a All ba Ablow comment with rao move mins on the planet ithe ar bl. ater oso. nf colicin interpretations wa very pone rele ofthc intrpeeive procedure, ee atloger cen id nt idly copy ona oun the aie. The individ eepors seldom ‘consi podons tha are acl incompatible, for instance ae ome 1 in 2) never quote by these author, though one must suspect a lest [Nau ae of knowing bah! One ection ayn thre be the report Fon Sus SAA & 168 (ce App. A, who i the only ane got the apd of amen 6) in fall. We may wonder ow ean the ony walk around proudly inthe land thre pace in the wad? ‘Worth lat omen undestod vo cancel the fis vet ven ii is ot stdin che exe usPractice “The cancelation, of couneblancing, of signe (Aken ite mele is) i am ineguingieerpremtve ool ~ which happens aot vo be ‘hate in thee pot A tat inthe Dinners Manual ce above), Sig could vomeimercountealnce, of cancel out ech other For ample, NabGeesba sys ia the ineresting, but unfotunaely broken, oor SAA #63; "Fhe moon iseen on the 28 dy god ck forthe ld of Ald, bd lick fr Ela” ‘That the moon wa seen on th 28 mean thatthe sign counealncs the sign of the 12 day! ‘A Loe the kg my lod: "The ode wll pent eas of the Kg, amy lon. IF anything sould (happen) co the King 9 cathe souk! Brome word [he gd would huey send i ra he sly ayng "== That Satur standing in the hal of the moon ‘ountnanes opposition onthe 138 steed in another report om [Nasheed 8 40:6 isd meet 3han n 14590 wd. han iene mira an oy feign ‘te! esa “Th sign coun the sig ofthe 19, bce although he moon ws oon the 13, Scum ood inthe hl ofthe ‘noon Nabt-ahhe-eria ase tink that te ga wane okey the king on the lt, snt bad emens but ten eee In SAA 8 370, [Nabadumikin spore hae Jpiter ands i the halo ofthe soon, which ia bad omen forthe King, The bao is open, ad he quotes at tomes ofthe Era conselition, which it broken. He continues: “Thee tea ign for good luck in the ly which contetnanos the spy Preamble refers othe open hal and the ran omen ethos cn thatthe Eourable ga diner have co ccc fer ee porending one which ic evoke. Indeed god sigs might pie up and {ipl 35 eri en SAA 8 64 Nabussbhebs explain hehe king ‘eo not ear thee men of fill on onthe 13 snc the preset fee nonce had he el length of 30 days. Unrate, we have ‘nly ferences the sunulent of omens, we doa know whe there ofcoumestalancing sign with sgn acly ape. lo the few amples we do hve where aul it enone epi, he two ‘same 1 dab ck ld of id pa Bt M6 Practice ‘rnnnosphencvina set hi tose eotmetos eel conjattin ‘nul aly oppor, Scum acta abate forthe wm on the 14 ‘Asolo do ot sppeat simply to hove chaled up » Elan shes of fevounble and unfavourable podonce the wy twa done in xii! ‘One wonder wha the King would de when he recied incompeile reports sich at SAA @319: "Ifthe moon i sen onthe 30 day of Aj ‘Amur wil ete Sobor with wespons" and S4A 8292"If the moos is sce onthe 30 day af Aj: Ana wil ex the plenty of Are (One may sens che kings impatience and esaton in sme of his gets the eho ep. 64a. 66 fn. 3). Aer demining the sgnemce ofa eminom paenomenon the wet step as described in Be Diner’ Manual, was find ou wha ction to take ~ if ny aptopsic tinal of spel precautions were ec. “The anclagers donot offen econ the performance of peropic ‘oc appesement italy exept in connection with eis? but pene bY sch il were ied aut in mare ces than we ea sensi, Sometimes the aeoogers avin the king ake precios, fen ty in his palace, bu i i imple v0 how wht eres wee wed

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