Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

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CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX036a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 6
Title Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-2

Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005
Edited by J Chica, Labein Date Nov 2005

Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

This example covers the design of a welded box section, fabricated from
S355 steel plates. The box section has a span of 35,0 m and form part of a
roof structure form from a number of similar sections located at 10,0 m
intervals along the length of the building. The box section supports a
uniformly distributed load and is assumed to be laterally restrained. The
beam is required to achieve a fire resistance of R30, without the use of fire
protection material.

Figure 1: Static system

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Figure 2: Cross-section

Basic data
Material properties:
Steel grade: S 355
Yield stress: fy = 355 N/mm
Height: h = 700 mm
Height of web hw = 650 mm
Width: b = 450 mm
Thickness of flange: tf = 25 mm
Created on 24 May 2013
Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

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CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX036a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 6
Title Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-2

Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005
Edited by J Chica, Labein Date Nov 2005

Thickness of web: tw = 25 mm
Cross-sectional area of the flange: Af = 11250 mm
Cross-sectional area of the web: Aw = 16250 mm
Specific heat: ca = 600 J/(kgK)
Density: a = 7850 kg/m
Emissivity of the beam: m = 0,7
Emissivity of the fire: r = 1,0
Configuration factor = 1,0
Coefficient of heat transfer: c = 25,0 W/mK EN 1991-1-2
3.2.1(2)
Stephan Boltzmann constant: = 5,67 108 W/mK

Loads:
Permanent actions:
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Beam: ga,k = 4,32 kN/m

Roof: gr,k = 5,0 kN/m
Variable actions (wind load is not considered in this case):
Snow: ps,k = 11,25 kN/m

Section classification
A reduced parameter is used to consider the influence of increasing
235 235 EN 1993-1-2
temperature : = 0,85 = 0,85 = 0,691
fy 355 4.2.2
Internal compression part of the upper flange : under uniform compression
c = (b 2tw) = (450 2 25) = 400 mm EN 1993-1-1
c/tf = 400 / 25 = 16 33 = 22,8 Class 1 Table 5.2
(sheet 1 of 3)
Internal compression part : web under pure bending
c = h 2 tf = 700 2 25 = 650 mm
EN 1993-1-1
c / tw = 650 / 25 = 26 < 72 = 49,7 Class 1
Table 5.2
The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e. the least favourable) (sheet 1 of 3)
between the flange and the web, here : Class 1
Created on 24 May 2013
Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

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CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX036a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 6
Title Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-2

Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005
Edited by J Chica, Labein Date Nov 2005

Fire resistance of beam made of a hollow section

Mechanical actions during fire exposure

The accidental situation is used for the combination of mechanical actions

during fire exposure. EN 1991-1-2
EdA = E ( Gk + Ad + 2,i Qk ,i ) 4.3

The combination factor for snow loads is 2,1 = 0,0. With this parameter, the
design bending load is calculated to:
35,02
M fi,d = [(4,32 + 5,0) + 0,0 11 25] = 1427,1 kNm
8

Calculation of the steel temperature

The temperature increase of the steel section is calculated to:
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Am V EN 1993-1-2
a, t = ksh h net, d t
ca a 4.2.5.1

where:
ksh is the correction factor for the shadow effect (ksh = 1,0)
t is the time interval (t = 5 seconds)
ca is the specific heat (J/kgK), dependant on steel temperature
(EN1993-1-2 3.4.1.2)
Am/V is the section factor for the unprotected beam

For a welded box section, where (t<<b), and the section is exposed to fire on EN1993-1-2
all sides the section factor is given as: Table 4.2
Am / V = 1 t = 1 0,025 = 40 m 1

The net heat flux is calculated according to EN 1991 Part 1-2.

.
h net (
= c ( g m ) + m r ( g + 273) ( m + 273)
4 4
) EN 1991-1-2
3.1
(
= 25 ( g m ) + 3,969 10 8 ( g + 273)4 ( m + 273)4 )
The standard temperature-time curve is used for getting the gas temperatures. EN 1991-1-2
3.2.1
g = 20 + 345 log10 (8 t + 1) t in minutes for this expression
Created on 24 May 2013
Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

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CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX036a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 6
Title Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-2

Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005
Edited by J Chica, Labein Date Nov 2005

The calculation of the steel temperature is made on an incremental basis,

taking account of the corresponding net heat flux and specific heat for each
time increment. The next table summarises the first increments:
.
Table 1. Steel temperature calculation (first five increments)
t t a g ca h net a
(s) (min) (C) (C) (W/m2)
0 0,00 20,00 20,00 439,8 0,0 0,00
5 0,08 20,00 96,54 439,8 2361,68 0,00
10 0,17 20,14 146,95 439,9 4112,95 0,14
15 0,25 20,38 184,61 440,1 5553,87 0,24
20 0,33 20,70 214,67 440,3 6801,18 0,32
The steel temperature-time curve of the box section is shown in Figure 3:
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Key:
1 Gas temperature
2 Steel temperature

Figure 3: Steel temperature-time curve of the hollow section

a,max,30 = 646 C

Verification in the temperature domain

The design moment resistance during fire exposure at the time t = 0 is needed
to get the utilization factor.
EN 1993-1-2
M fi,Rd,0 = Wpl f y k y,,max M,fi 4.2.4
1,0 6
= 12875000 355 10
1,0
= 4570,6 kNm
Created on 24 May 2013
Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

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CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX036a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 6
Title Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-2

Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005
Edited by J Chica, Labein Date Nov 2005

where:
ky,,max = 1,0 for = 20 C at the time t = 0
M,fi = 1,0
and:

2 Aw hw h tw
Wpl = 2 + Af
2 4 2
650 700 25
= 2 16250 + 11250 = 12875000 mm3
4 2

The utilization factor is calculated using:

EN 1993-1-2
0 = Efi,d Rfi,d,0 = M fi,d M fi,Rd,0 = 1427,1 4570,6 = 0,31 4.2.4

The critical temperature a,cr is given in Table 4.1 of the EN 1993-1-2 as.
a,cr = 659 C
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Verification:
646
= 0,98 < 1 9
659

Verification in the strength domain

The cross-section is Class 1, so the expression for Class 1 beams should be
used for this verification. That expression is given in EN 1993-1-2 4.2.3.3
To calculate the moment resistance, the reduction factor ky, has to be
determined for the temperature a,max,30 = 646 C. This factor is given in
Table 3.1 of the EN 1993 Part 1-2:
ky, = 0,360

Additionally, the adaptation factors 1 and 2 have to be determined.

The adaptation factor 1 considers the non-uniform temperature distribution
across the cross-section.
Table 2. Adaptation factor 1
1 EN 1993-1-2
Beam exposed on all four sides 1,0 4.2.3.3
Unprotected beam exposed on three sides with a composite or concrete slab
0,7
on side four
Protected beam exposed on three sides with a composite or concrete slab on
0,85
side four
Created on 24 May 2013
E x a m p l e : F i r e r e s

D g i s c u s s m e . . .
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX036a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 6
Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section
i

Title
3

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-2

r

Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005

1

Edited by J Chica, Labein Date Nov 2005

y

The beam considered in this example is an unprotected beam exposed to fire

0
p

on four sides. Therefore 1 is set to:

1 = 1,0
2
o

The adaptation factor 2 considers the non-uniform temperature distribution

along a beam.
c

Table 3. Adaptation factor 2

y

2
At the supports of a statically indeterminate beam 0,85
In all other cases 1,0
a
s

The verification is done in the middle of the beam and it is statically

determinate. So the adaptation factor 2 is set to:
M
i

2 = 1,0

Therefore the design moment resistance is calculated to:

M1 1
4

M fi,t,Rd = M pl,Rd,20C k y,
l

M,fi 1 2
1,0 1
= (12875000 355 / 1,0) 0,36 10 6 = 1645,4 kNm
2

1,0 1,0 1,0

i

Verification:
1427,1
= 0,87 < 1 9
n
r

1645,4
o
e t
d
a
e
m
t
a
s
e
i
h
r
C
T
Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

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Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section
SX036a-EN-EU

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RESOURCE TITLE Example: Fire resistance of a welded box section

Reference(s)

ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

Name Company Date

Created by P Schaumann University of Hannover Feb 2005

T Trautmann Institute for Steel
Construction

Technical content edited by J. A. Chica LABEIN 24/11/2005

Editorial content edited by J. A. Chica LABEIN 24/11/2005

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SCI 9/6/06

2. France A Bureau CTICM 9/6/06

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 9/6/06

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement

4. Germany C Mller RWTH 9/6/06

5. Spain J Chica Labein 9/6/06

6. Luxembourg M Haller PARE 9/6/06

Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 12/9/06

Coordinator
Created on 24 May 2013

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