The

VOl. IV No. 12 & 13 1-30 July 1989 (Fortnightly)

=
Rupees T,-"o
Gazette
In This Issue

Page
Elections In Punjab
VIEWPOINT
Punjab:Rew-riting
History Is No
Solution 3 Why And Why Not?
SPOTLIGHT . l;OnduclVe for conducting of elec- Assembly elections in Punjab will Akalis from contesting elections is
Workers By A.S. Narang tions. If it is so then why Assembly not only throw open the democra- also part of this game. Under thtl
Terrorised, elections cannot be held. Obvious tic process but also a representa- .amended People's Representa-
Attacked 5 implication is that on elected gov- tive leadership, be it of any party, tion Act political parties have to get
union Minister Mr. ernment may not be able to deal to enter into a dialogue. All these themselves registered with the
Bu!a Singh has ann- with me prevailing problem of ter- years centre government's com- Election Commission . Condition
ounced that Parliamen rorism. However, most of the plaint has been whom to talk? for that is deClaration in their con-
HUMAN RIGHTS tary elections in Punjab impartial observers feel that all But this. is not acceptable; pro- stitutions a faith in secularism
"We Were Even be held along with other parts events in Punjab point out towards bably the atmosphere is not con- d~mocracy and socialism. Ail
Denied Fresh I the country_But e6ecti0ns to the the fact that President's rule in ducive for Congress (I) victory in decisions in thi6 regard are to b<:l
Air" 6 . Assembly may not take Punjab has in no way been able t~~ state. Since Punjab has only taken by the Election Commission
for some time for indefinitely . to deal with the situatiC)n better 13 seats in Lok Sabha and even which is a statutory independent
e has also observed thai in view then the elected government. In if a majority of these are won by body. .
lITERARV .amendments in the People's fact it has contributed in worsen- the opposition it may not make How can Home Minister
Kottayam Heralds rReIPl"8l;enltatK>n Ad the AkaJi Dal ing of the situation by alienating niuch difference for formation of comment on the li~ely deci&ion ul
The Literacy not be allowed to contest elc- various sections at population in government at the Centre . .Thus the commission? One fails to
Revolution 7 the absence at elected represen- elections for Parliament in the understand . .
tatives providing a channel State can be afforded and claims
CENTRESPREAD According to political observers . between the government and the for an improved law and order sit- Second, as far as .A.ka!is are
Oath these observati<>ns of the uation under President's rule concerned it should not be difficult
Shiv Sena For Minister are inter..finked and
people and by making the admin-
isteration and low and order agen- made irrespective of the fact of for them to include this faith in their
Separate mach of his party's oontinous atti- cies are oppressive methods to tremendous increase in deaths constitution. They have committed
Electorate tude of giving preference 10 party's .since its imposition. The day Con- themselves to these values many
show quick results without realis-
fnt.est over those of the nation. ing their long-term counter- gress (I) feels atmosphere favour- a times. In fact eVf,n the Anand-
The announcement that Parlia- productive consequences. able for it Assembly Elections can pur Sahib Resolution refers to
ECONOMY mentary elections wiA be held ;" also be held. them. How Mr. Buta Singh pre-
Buyers-Be Democratic Process
~he state otMously rne8:nS that the ReStricting T~ Akalis sumes that the Akali's will not do
Conscious
ENVIRONMENT
." ,nvornmAnt believes that the law
A ll reasonable opinions have
been suggesting that U nion Home Minister's obser-
vation about debarring the
so? One again fails to understand.
<Jonlinued or. page 6

Pollution
Exclusive To
Women
HEALTH
Drug Trafficking:
'Haleemi Raj' Will Not
A P'sycho-
Socio-Medico
ProbleEn 13 Come Through Bullets
the conferance demanded the set- Punjabi dailY published from charge of conspiracy to C'ssassi-
CHILDREtt By K.S" Khosla ting up of 'hal8emi rat according Chandigarh, noted that the resolu - nate Mrs. Indira Gandhi, i~ ai!So
Why distances to the poiticaJ tradiions of the Aka! tions were vague CiS the Federa~ being consulted os disclosed by
Takht, supreme religious seat of lion did not clarify its stand on him recently to a ne....' s agsncy.
are measured in he news about t'M) res- the Sikhs. The resolution said that Khalistan. The two resolutions arl?, The Govemcr, Mr. S.S. Ray, told
metres, liquids olutions. passed at the the conference was against the however, inter-connected, though the gnavances redressal commit-

T
in litres and conference of the All '"present Corrupt administration the first one is much more impsf- .de at Amritsar on May ~2 thdt a
weights in India Sikh based on communal and caste tant as it signals a shift in stand. radical change had been noticed
gt'ammes?
....'" Students Federation considerations;' and added that the This signal coming as it does trom in the.. ti.inking of many militants
(Manjt Singh group) held in gstabrlShment of a 'rar based on the Manit Singh group, should not and it wot;ld not be Jo;,g b&TOre
observance d the fith anniversary he Si<h gurus, teachings and the be ignored. Mr. Manjit Singh is a they rstum to the national main-
.of Bluestar Operation on' June 7 ideal of social and political set-up brother of Bhai Amrik Singh, stream. This statement g~vo ri~G
PORTS
indicate a shift in the stand of an as enshrined in Gurbani (hymna.of fOrRl8r president of AISSF. who to specualtion t/:1at ttlE" Qo\!"'rnm~lrIt
Cricket.And th& gurus) would remain the polit- was having secret talks with :he
The Sports important group of militants and was killedalOnQ wlln Sant Jarnail
deserve special notice by the icai aim of the Sikhs. "Ajit- noted, Singh Bhinderanwale during the Ma'1jit group. Accord!ng to thGse
Boycott 15 media and the authorities. perhaps rightly, that this resolution BIuestarOperation. Mr. Harminder reports, the militants wani dl:lcia-
Border Crosses . Strangely, the Eng~sh and Urdu ~a'i different from the demand for Singh Sandhu is its general sec- ration of general amnesty CIS ~~
Another newspapers ignored the proceed- Khalistan voiced from Sarbat retary. It was reported recently by pre-condition for talks. A seriou~
Landmark ings at the conference altogether. Khalsa m&etings in the past. a sectiOn of the Press that the attompt is baing made to reufI;le
Only the Punjabi newspapers pub- . In the secono resolution, the Centre was having secret parleys a!l th) AISSF groul-'s under the
lished born Jalandhar and Chan- conference demanded the estab- with these leaders to find a solu- leadership of Mr. Mar.jit Singh but
digarh carried the proceedings of lishment of 'Khalsa panchayats'in tion of the Punjab problom but they so !ar thera is no :nd ica:lon c! a.. /
PLUS: MANY MORE success. An ;3'Jve (~ i<; e !" ent has
the e+>nfere nce. Punjab instead of the pancr.ayats have deniee these r~por~ s .
WlTH OUR REGULAR According to "Ajit-, a Punjabi Sought to Oe set up by the presenf Strangely, f./r. Simranjit Si:"1gh
appeared ir. a Pu njabi daii)' on
FEATURES daily _published from Jalandhar, government. Punjabi Trillune-", a Mann, who i. bAir.g tritld on :hf:'
bl.~~!1 ()f Mr. Simranjit Singh M.:nn
Con l.'n u.:rf 0'1 paOlf f
 F ORUM..
'The
Gazette . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- _ - - - - -
OPEN FORUM

LETTERS,------_ _ _ _ _ _ _ L';21 Sound And Fury

Politicians are also in public relations but have a lot to learn from _
Punjab: The Litmus. able but that it was undertaken to with a public assurance that no professionals.
Test ~reate an affect: to teach the Sikhs ministerial or other influence would -Mr Jyoti Basu.
a lesson. It has now been revealed come in the way of their work. That
he Government has been that the Army was hustled by the even if the men involved are hold-
T announcing that it is coming
out with a package deal to solve
Government,
fhe time
it
required
was
to
not even
think
given
out the
ing
dealt
high offices, they too would be
with without fear.
People are my gods.
-Mr N. T. Rama Rao.

the Punjab problem. strategy. That it was a case of n. the Prime Minister has any This time we will not allow Rajiv to play 1he Hindu caret
Before a solution is thought up, indefensively gross over-kill has certificates to give, he should give -Mr Atal Behari Vajpayee.
the problem must be identified with been demonstrated, if that was them in court just like any other
some precision. All of us know that needed, by the subsequent Ope- defence witnesses. The courts car The present Government headed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi
law and order and a political deal ration Black Thunder in which the 'be trusted to sift the innocent from seems "videshi" to the P!3ople of this country.
relating to division of governmental loss of property or men was min- the guilty. Cleared by the courts -Nr V.P. Singh.
power are two important points imal, and the results spectacular. they would stand vindicated wher-
which had been the subject of dis- But while the raid on til!:! Temple eas today they are under a cloud. It is a social crime to put an individual on a pedestal.
cussion till Mrs Gandhi'a assassi- hurt the Sikhs, events of Nov- Holders of high office have -Mr. 'Chandra Shekhar,
nation; perhaps the only two ember '84 affected them more ,equally high obligations. The solu-
points. directly and personally. These in tion of the Punjab problem is not There are still some sensible people in the Janata Dal.
River waters and land adjust a way set them apart: Sikhs o'
n 'beyond the reach of the Prime -Mr L.K. Advani.
ment between the States are also .:>ne side and the rest of the people Minister if he sincerely desires it
relevant to the situation, While all on the.other. On the roads, streets and is prepared to discard his After the end of July, they (the IPKF) have no business what-
this is important, he would be a and lanes, and even in their present advisers. The Sikhs are a soever in even an inch of land of my country.
bold man who can say that after houses, they were set upon and very earthy and matter-of-fact -President Premadasa
1he last terrorist has been iflercilessly butchered. It was not people and highly emotional at the
accounted for and land and waters instinctive and sporadic, as it i$ same time. Quick to take offence Are you thinking you can fight India and win? Do not provoke India.
-' questions have been disposed 01, glven out by the Government. If but as quick to let bygones be -Mr Anura Bandaranaike, SLFP MMP, to P;esident Premadasa.
. it would be all peace in Punjab. that were so, it could be under- bygones if convinced of the sincer-
The reality of ,the situation as it stood and condoned: the earth ity of the other side. large-hearted Our eye is not only on those in the Opposition but also on those
has developed is that the Sikhs, by ,does tremble for a while when a and easy-going and when in one who are still in the Congress and who may be won over.
and large, have lost faith in the big tree falls, as the Prime Minis-. of their expansive moods, you can Mr E.M.S. Namboodiripad.
Government. (When I say Sikhs ter has said. It is quite possible even take the shirt off their back.
here, I mean the natives of Punjab also that here and there, there So generous. We consider the Nationai Front and BJP and all other reaction-
and certainly not the Sikhs, say, of might have been some spontane- Rightly or if you so like it, ary forces as enemies of the Indian nation who have to be
Delhi, who present saropas to ous reaction against the foul deed wrongly, they are feeling highly defeated.
. men like Mr HKl. Bhagat for ser- of the two security men who shot aggrieved. No matter why. It is -Mr MoM Sen, general secretary of the UnitE f Communist P4rty
. vices rendered to the community.) 'down Mrs Gandhi in cold blood. now a case of "roothey hue yaaron of India.
As of today, the Punjab Sikhs are ~ut there is overwhelming evi- leo manaane ka", of bringing round
quick to suspect any Sikh of being ~ence that mostly the killings were estranged friends. Their misfor- The saffron and red flags (are) flying from t:'e same mast.
a guisling who has any connection organised and intelligently directed tune is that they have been guided -Mr Rajiv Gandhi.
n
with the Government. the Gov- operations. Public men of unim- by the wrong kind of leadership
ernment wants the problem peachablf,l record and reputation which, except in a few cases, is We believe in the Constitution, but the Constitution does not
solved, it has to find ways to win\ have, in inquiry comltlees, reached only power-hungry. These leaders believe in us.
back the trust of the Sikhs. .conclusions that some ruling party can be left to stew in their own Mr Simranjeet Singh Mann.
, !he Sikh bitterness and angei men in high office and positions juice.
against the Centre is founded were behind the riots. The Prime Minister has just to I have become a coin now which everybody wants to cash.
'prlnapaily, in two episod9S: Ope- White there is anger that the do two things. A green signal to his -Mr Sundarilal Bahuguna.
ration Biu9Star and the November crime of two men was avenged on pOlice to go ahead and open up
'84 anti-S ikL riots. Sikhs as a the Sikhs in general, there is fru- the November '84 riot cases full In China ... one million people is still only a small number.
whole and others Who do not stration that no action worth the throttle. For this he would have to -Mr Deng Xiaoping.
bHnd ly accept th~ Govarnril ent's name is being taken against the make'up his mind to surrender to
cass , think, e:ld think with enough perpetratorS of the carnage 01 justice a few of his partymen who As soon as the firing started, what was killed was the Commu-
justification, that the raid on the ' about three thousand Sikhs in happen to be close to him-just a nist Party. The Government died.
Gi)iden. Temple w as not unvaoid- ' three days on the roads and few, not more than half-a-dozen. -Ouoduo, ,the. Chinese poet.
streets of Delhi. True, some And he must make a public state- These events (in China) bear testimony to the resistance that
.figures have lately been trotted out ment that he and his governme,1lt
Managing Editor builds up within sl:lCh an authoritarian system.
that action has been taken. The lI!e sincerely sorry for the mistake
Amrlk Singh -Mr Pik Botha, South African Foreign Minister.
figures are misleading: 98 per cent Of Operation Bluestar. I have a gut
..of the action is for technical feeling that the situation in Punjab
General Manager Democracy from above is not demoaacy in a real sense.
breaches of curfew orders. Only in, would immediately start taking a
Lt. Col. Manohar Singh Mr Fang Z'lZhi, the dissident Chinese astrophysicist.
one case of killing has conviction turn for the better.
(Retd.) been so far obtained. Surely that is not a high price to We should not become the dustbin of Europe. These people in
The litmus test of the Govern pay for peace -which has been
Editors Hongkong are not British, they are Chinese.
ment's earnestness in wanting to eluding us these many years.
.A.S. Narang . - The Monday Club in Britain.
solve the Punjab problem lies in its
Glan Singh Sandhu making an unequiwcal public
Brahms Prakash Sharma We cannot, no one in Iran can, on behalf of the Almighty, reverse
announcement which clearly
Assistant Editor the prescription of death sentence orqered by the late Iranian spir-
directs the police to go ahead with 77 Gami GoulWan
KH Nazeer (Balju) itual"leader.
the cases of the November riots, . Muzaffarnagar
Mr Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Speaker 01 1M Iranian Majlis.
Design
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2 , 1-30 ~uIY 1989

 VIEWPOINT ORUM .0... . . .

. #///'
'F' ORU
l'The M
'. -
Minority Rights
Civil Liberties
Eq\Jality For Women Punjab
" V// .
.-.A/A;
. 'Gazette Democratic Values
/H// Envlronment8IProtectl~n_

Rewriting History Is
' Blow To Federalism
he recem move of CongIt'sw m regard to the panchayati
No Solution
T raj and local self bodies has cOme to acquire, without ques-
tion, indisguised political overtones. A question whi~
has not been answered by anyone so far is why has this..move
been initiated at this particular moment There is no doubt that the inten~
tion behind the proposal is a good one. But why was the intention not"
By S. Nihal Singh '
benefit of Bhaga!. Not one is to
'miss a trick, Bhagat went headt.-
long to grasp the opportunity. llw-
-brought into open for four long years? kef indeed, why has it been 'centrepiece of his efforts ~o win
Sikhs and influence them was a

W
brought into the open now? ith the elections
This is a point ofview put forward from many a platforum. But much approaching, Rajiv
Gandhi and his gov-
more is ~concerting the hostility of the Opposition 'States who sus-
ernment have
,peet the bonafides of the Prime Minister. We share their misgivings.
We also agree with them that raising this question at this particular
adopted the Oscar Wildean adage
that nothing succeeds like excess.
juncture is an example of political opportunism. In plain words, what- ' But, as they aredisoovering for
ever be the intention, the real purpose is to get pOlitical mileage out themselves, Wilde was not always
of this move. right, invariably witty as he was,
There are two other dimensions, however, which have been' noted
and the government has come a
but only in passing. Those are no less important and need ~ be dilated cropper.
upon. Both of them relate to the kind of federalism that obtains in the Anyone who cares knows that
counlry. ' one of the most shameful chapt-
Once, when the mask is removed, it becomes clear that it.is the states , ers of recent Indian history was the
whose powt'ZS are being transferred to panchayats and district leVel ' tragic assassination of Indira
Gandhi and the carnage of Sikhs.
(-~ bodies. That this requires to be done needs no arguing. That this shou1d '
i~ Delhi following it. That this carn-
have been done decades ago..is equally clear: What is more, it is the
opposition parties which "have performed better than the Congress-I
age was, at least in part, organised
is equally well known. Accusing
ruled states. Nobody need quarrel therefore with transfez of power to fingers have been pointed at Con-
the grossroots level. The transfer is called for and has been delayed., gress functionaries in Delhi on the
indeed overdelayed. . strength of immpressive evidence.
But the second aspect is no less disconcerting. Funding is go from The government has done little"
the Centre to the local bodies directly. What precise statutory form this except to obfuscate and hide
intention is given will become clear only ilfter the bill has been JRSenIed . behind committees ,and court
\
injunctions. It is no secret that any
to Pa-liament The broad thrust however seems to be that it is not the
states so much as the Centre which would be the patron of the local vigorous investigation and
punishment of the guilty would
bodies. It is this fact hich has created misgivings and this' fact cannot
, have left large holes in the Delhi
be ovezlooked.
Congress' set-up and some holes
In tenns of the existing arrangements. finaocial power is, by and large, in the government. Morally repre-
concentrated in the hands of the Centre. In fact, the Centre has more
hensible, yes; but those schooled
funds than it can utlise. Hence the mechanism of the Finance Cmn-' . in the realm of real-politik realised '
mission every five years. What the Sarkaria CommissiOn has recom., that it was perhaps politically dan-
mended is a partial answer to the problem. In essen6als, the financial gerous for the Prime Minister to
dominance of the Centre remains unqualified. get at the guilty. '
\~ As long as the devolution o(.funds was from the Centre to the states, One , would have imagined
it was acoording agreed to an agreed pattern. Over four decades, the therefore that the Congress and
the government would have left
, pattern has got stabilised. Though there was a good deal of aiticism
against it, there was at least ~ method about what was being done. W1W the tragic and shamefur events of
1984 ~everely alone. But fired by
is more, that method was sanctified by the Constitution. Now, if the
the zeal to try to secure Sikh votes,
Constitution is amended to allow for a new mode of the devolution the Congress went in where
of funds, from the Centre, it would be a furthez adverse step against angels feared to tread. , The first
the states, and in favour of the Centre. Federalism which is already warning shot was fired Ii few
weighted in favour of the Centre and againt the states would get further months ago when Sajjan Kumar,
.disturbed and create a severe tliSlocation in term of balailce betwem n:.an
a named by victims In affidav-
the ceritre and the'States. The 'letter oftlte TamilDadu Chief Minister . its, resurf&ced in pliblic after more
'to the Prime Minister in this behalf offered a cogent criticism of what than four years-by public
is proposed to be done. It is difficult to improve open the case made demand. as he suggested.
Another name'in the affidavits is
out by that State government. All that we wish to <10 is,to point out
!of the information and broadcast-
. in addition is that what is proposed to be done would be a severe blow
to federalism. : ing mini~ter." H.K.~: :..Bha,gat.
The country is too vast and too diverse to be ruled from Delhi. Quite , More recently, Rajiv' Gandhi
a few ~f the problems in Indian polity arise from this approach of over- himself took upa theme that was
to prelude to what was to follow.
centralisation. Must we add to these tensions and problems further?
This is a question worth asking. In a sense, this is the most important
He spoke about the speed with
which the riots were controlled, the _
aspect of the issue undez considezation.
unprecedented early rehabilitation
Over the decades, the polity has been under much pressure. So it
:of victims, the strict legal action
became imperative to appoint a commission to go into the Centr~ ,taken against those accused of
State relations. What this commission had to say did not resolve the rioting. Senior Congress leaders
problem: All that it did was to stall the crisis How long it stays like ;against whom accusations had
that is difficult to say. But for anyone to believe-that things have been been made, he declared, could not
pushed under the carpet and there would be no recurrence of tensions , have organised the riots because
would not be a fair assessment ithey had been with him from 48 to
This latest move by Rajiv Gandhi is thus a step in the direction of 72 t)ours helping in arrangements
for Indira Gandhi's funeral.
~tablizing the Indian polity rather than an attempt to bring balance and
The last assertion seems to
.security to it.
have been made for the particular
,siropa ceremony organised for him ,
in Delhi. Siropa is offered by Sikhs .
There are no ;nstant '
:to honour a person. A picture of a
solutions for i bareheaded Bhagat (everyone is
enjoined to cover his head for such
Punjab, but the a ceremony) receiving a sword
Congress cannot appeared in the Delhi papers.
I If Rajiv Gandhi's patently false
hope to win the ,assertions were greeted with dis-
hearts and minds of ,belief, the siropa presentation 'to
, Bhagat was taken by Sikhs as the
Sikhs through an ultimate insult. The five Sikh
excess of :6ffenders . were summoned to
.Amritsar by the head priests and
propaganda. [given puniShment, which was rela-
Frequent television ,tively mild. Unlike the penance
,awarded to the former chief minis-
shots of Rajiv
'ter, Su~it Singh Barnaia, wllleh
Gandhi addressing had obivious intra-Akali political
groups of SHms on overtones, the punishment of th8'6:
five was greeled with unanimouse
"the lawn of his approval by the Sikhs.
residence do not The net result of this crusade by
the Congress to wash away the
carry conviction. If sins of 1984 will be that few Sikhs
the effort is aimed will vote for the party. The wounds
of 1984 have not entirely healed
not so much at when this new attempt to rewrite
Sikhs but rather at recent history is being undertaken.
Indeed, the more truth is stood on
.refurbishing the its head, the longer will be Sikh
Congr~ss's secular v~ters' queues against the Con-
image, it will not gress.
No one expects the Punjab
enhance. the party's problem to be resolved-rather,
appeal. The dead begin to be resolved-before the
elections. When the Punjab Gov-
cannot be brought ernor said so not long ago, he was
back and if the' . ' belaboured on this point. Yetevery ,
political party is going into the Lok
guilty cannot be Sabha election on this premise. It
punished, it would is not merely a question cit thei ~
government's actions-neither the.
be more beneficial Akali factions fighting a 'medieval1
for the Congress to battle among themselves nor the ,
pass over this sorry . militants want ,to see peace
restored .just yet.
chapter in silence. The spark of hope is provided by
'The answer is not the ordinary peasant. There is
enough evidence to suggest hiS
to rewrite history in
revulsion against killings, even in
thi~ age of glasnost a state where personal scores are
often settled by the gun. The
when even the appeal of Khalistan has faded to
communist world is .a considerable exent, but the pea-
sants are often squeezed between
beginning to wake the terrosists demanding money
.up to the national and shelter and the police seeking
to penalise those who have given
distoritions that sheller.
inevitably arise in The Akalis are fighting amon(;
painting the black themselves to a state of near irre~
white. evance. They might yet unite for t
time, once they grasp the dansl.
to their very political survival.
Th-ere have been indications that
some militant factions are toying
with the idea of entering the pol it-
Continued on page 6

1-30 July 1989 3

,"

.,
 'Haleemi Raj' Will Not Come
Through Bullets '
Continllf1d froM /Mge 1 ' dies' for the spread of true religion.' Gobind Singh, who took to the . misSed off-hand. What is_" noh~-~ .]S-a part of the daily prayer of the
~aling to all Sikh organisations Guru Arjun .-Dev, . fifth Guru, : sword.as a last resort against worthy is that there ~ no mention Sikhs.They need not be reminded.
.unite under one platform to raise introduced the system of tithe, injustice, tri&d tcrcreate 'sQldier- .
ot the Anandpur Sahib-Resolution. "that the Gurbani which they want "
a
1heir voice against "fake police which was not. tax -but volun: a sants (sant-sipahis). He was not How ~re the militants goiog to . - to follow envisages the welfare of
'encounters" and di$'brimination t'Y contribution for the social and achieve 'haleemi raf? Through. all. -Satgur sabna da bhala
'. against Punjab and to force the religious upliftment of the people f'goli' (bullet) or 'gal' (talkt)? Th& manayanda, tis da bura kuon hoi"
,goverrvnent to accept their.gen- throLlgh 'sangats'. 11'Ie system .people of Punjabtod~y are fed up. is part of the hymns in the Granth .
~inedemands so that peace could.. contin!Jed during the time Guru with terrorism and police Sahib. The militants criticise the
".bEl restored in Punjab. Gobind Singb whQ established the If the Governor is' excesses. What they want is 'suk- police for its excesses and fake
- Ttle aUeoaticns of fake pollee Khalsa ill 1'699 and gave the Sikhs right in saying that hali zindagi' (peaceful living) as' encounters but can extortions,
:encounters and excesses on inno- the distinct form and appearance there is a change in envisaged in the Granth Sahib.' kidnappings and molestation of
~nt S!kh youth have a diract bear- which they enjoy today. The Guru ' . women by criminals lead to
" ing on the demand for setting up lived through turbulent times and the thi,nkingof The . mll'tants need to be 'l'Ialeemi raj'? Aren't killing of inno~
-haleemi raj-. The coneeptof appointed'panj piaras' (five bel-: ' some of the _ reminded that..~hat the S1kh gUrus cent persons a.. negation of the
'h91eemi ra' as mentioned in the ' oveds). The Guru abolished the militants, his envisaged was the wettare of all' .Gurus' teachings? Is not extor!:5ns
Granth Sahib is different from the system of gurus hip and ordained . . govenunentshould and not of one community _ne. ~ a kind of coercion-the very anti-
demand for Khalistan which that whenever the Sikhs could not~ Further, Guru Arjun D~v himself ;thesis of 'haleemi raj'7 Democracy
involved the carving out of a congregate in a 'sang at' , five make earnest efforts otltlined the methodology of deal- .to be successful e~visages major-
. sf-parte 'KhiUa' (territory) forth& respected and prominent Sikhs to wean them away ing with the government of the' . ity~ofJhe people"to be educated so
Sikhs. It is a concept of an ideal could take decisions on behalf of, from the wrong day. He "says: prithme mata je that they can distingu.isl) between
,'(.8j' where the common man lives the community. He went a step
path and bring patri chalao, dunia mata due right and wrong. 'Haleemi raj' goe~
,alife of peace and comfort, where further and abolished all distinction. manukh ponhchao, lritia mata je a step further as it envisages the'
00 one dominates over other alld between the guru and the disciple. them back to the karo". (meaning: first, settle mat- majority to be morally upright also.
,where everYone 'is assured of jus He first baptised the 'panj piaras' national ters through correspondence, '
tice. The word 'haleemi' is derived and then asked them to baptise mainstream. This secondly, send memorandums If the~GovUrrioi is right in saying
~ from the Persian word 'Hilam'him. "Wah Wah Gobind Singh, and if still there is no response only that there is a.change in the think-
";_meaning softness. But in essence .ape Gur Chela". To stretch the
can be done -only . then (thirdly) consider what to do). ing of some of the militants, his
'haleemi' means humility with all its. .meaning in the modem context, he through talks__ Are the militants following 1he government should make earnest
accompanying attributes of ten.- ramoved the distinction between teachings of the gurus? Have they efforts to yvean them away from
d9mess, compassion and righte- . the ruler and the ruled. corresponded with the govern- . the wrong path and bring them
ous noss. The ideal is Utopian but If it is 'haleemi raj' (where there ment' on their demands or. sent back to the national mainstream.
the human endeavour towards - " is no oppressor and wielder of against the Muslims but he was memorand'ums? Do they wish the .This can be done only through
such a goal will never fade away. undue power) which the militants against Moghul injustices. welfare of all or only of the Sikh , talks. the militants should also
Glasnost and presetroika in want, thore is nothing wrong with The two resolutions passed at community? WNanak nam chardi realise that 'haleemi raj' will not
Russia are moves towards making such a demand. Did not Mr. J"w- the conference should not be dis- kala, tere bhane sarbat .ka bh~/a"' come through bullets.
the State 'haleemi'. In China, the aharlal Nehru say on attaining.
endeavour lias received a serious . independence that he wanted to:
setback but so long as the flame wipe the tears from the face of
of hope burns in the human breast, every Inqian? Did not his grand-
the endeavour will ccntinue. son and present Prime Minister,
The words 'haleemi raj' occur in Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, say about two
With -Best Complilnents f r01n
th~ famous verses of Guru Arjun years ago that he was against
Dev, fifth Guru of the Sikhs, in the power brokers who had defiied the
Granth Sahib. The verses are: socio-political system in the coun-
-Hum Hukum ,Yua mehrban da, try? Now Mr. Rajiv Gandhi wants
pai koi na kise rajhan~da, sab to give power back to the people
sukhali vuthia, ayo hua ha/eemi raj (Lok Shakti) by establishing pan-
jeb: "The Guru says that 'Haleemi chayats and give them financial
" r~j' is such where everyone lives and other powers. There are
in peace and comfort and where shades'of 'Sangat' in this scheme.
there is no coercion of any I<ind The 'sangats' in the Sikh Gurus'
al~d' misuse of power. times were the local panchayats,
Giani Gurdit Singh, a ~oted which depended on voluntary con-
sC~olar of the Granth Sahib, says tributions for their finances and
that though many philosophers in took decisions on behalf of the
-the past like Plato and Aristotle' . people. Let us not be peeved by
wrote about ideal 'raj' and the later nomeclature, but if by ' 'Khalsa
developments in Europe led to the panchayats' the militants mean the
birth of the modern concept of reestablishment of 'sangats' as
democracy, even in these democ- envisaged by the Sikh Gurus,
rac)es power is exercised by the ' there is no harm in this demand
DYERS & DRYCLEANERS
elite only. Even in Socialist coun- also. The only thing IS that those
tries power is exercised by the few in power should talk to the mili-
only. What the Gurus envisaged . tants to kt,"lo~ what' they' reaUy M-21 , Greater Kailash Main Market,
was not a classless society so want as only a summary of the
much' as p society where there resolutions passed has been pub-
New Delhi 110 048
was least exerci~e of power and lished even in the Punjabi news- Tel. 6416492
no domination of man over man. papers.
Guru Nanak, first Guru of the Scholars of Sikh history and the
Sikhs took th9 initiai steps towards Guru Granth Sahib, however,
establishing 'haleemi raj', He tra- ' point out that the militants must
velied widely and wnereever he equip themselves and make .
went he established a 'sangat' a . themselves worthy of 'haleemi raj' . .
ADD ITIONAL FEATURES
small organisation of good men One cannot have 'haleemi raj' if
and selected one of them as their the people are generally corrupt:
leader to carry en the work of pro- and arrogant and that is why the * Invisible Darning * Steam Pressing
viding comfort to Ille people. Guru Sikh Gurus' first emphasis was on
Amar Das. third Guru of the Sikhs, religious and moral upliftment and.
further strengthaned the 'sangat' purification. For them 'shakti' and "
~
<D
* Clothes Received By 11 A.M. Ready By 6 P;M.
and organised 2? 'manjis' or '9ad- 'bhakti' went together. Even Guru ><

4 1-30 Ju:,' 1989

.................. ........................
.sPa.:
- T.UG.
-HT
_ _ _ _ _ _- - - _...._ _ _
ChattisgarhMiners In Uncertainty
Workers Terrorised,
Attacked
By Bharat Dogra
D
elli Rajhara iron ore
mines, located in Durg
district of Madhya Pra-
desh, have often been
in news. Frequently this has been
due to the dedicated work done by
a trade union, Chattisgarh Mines
Shramik Sangh (CMSS) for the-
many-sided welfare of workers. In
recent months this mining region-
has been in Rews due to the ten-
sions prevailing here erupting from
time to time in sporadic incidents
of violence.
Dalli Rajhara mines meet the
iron ore requirements of a giant
and prestigious steel-plant in the
public sector-the well-known
Bhilai Steel Plant. This huge plant
erected in a backward region was
supposed to help in many-sided
development of this region. The
actual situation has been more
complex and depressing. Apart
from the people whom it directly
displaced, the giant steel plant has
also harmed the livelihood of a
great many other villagers by
cornering a very large share of the
limited supplies of water. If the
diversion of a large amount of
water of B.S.P. needs had been
accompanied by several small-
scale irrigation schemes making
best possible use of whatever
water was available-
implemented with the full involve-
ment of ordinary peasants to
~ecure maximum benefits for
tnem-the siuation could still have
been saved to a certain extent but
this work has been ignor~ or not
-carried out properly.
In the existing situation one
main area of work which has ena-
bled the local people, mainly tri-
bals, to relate themselves to the
steel plant in a. positive way is the
employment potential in the
mines. Most of the miners
employed in the manual and -
semi-mechanised mines of Dalli
Rajhara are JocaI people. A big
majOrity of them are organised
_under the CMSS.
An important concern of the
. CMSS in the nearly 12 years of it~
existence has been to protect the
jObs of miners and evolve suctt a
technology (semi-mechanisation)
which combines man and machine
in a rational way to meet the ore
needs of B.S.P. and also-provides
livelihood to a large number of
people. The CMSS while being
deeply concerned with the liveli-
hood question of miners has not
been blind to the qu.a1ity and cost
aspects of ore mining. Instead it
1-30 July 1989
~ -~
has been deeply concerned with
these aspects as the union reali-
ses that in the long run any tech-
nology that cannot meet these
requirements will be difficult to pro-
tect. The CMSS leadership is con-
vinced that there is no contra-
diction in maintaining the employ-
ment potential of these mines and
meeting the expanded needs of
B.S.P. for good quality and cost-
efficiant ore. They cite several
facts, figures and arguments to
prove their point.
But then why is it that in the iron
ore mines of our country the trend
is steadily to move towards
labour-displacing forms of
mechanisation. In the captive
mines of other steel plants, the
mining work has been reduced to
levels much below the Dalli Rai-
hara mining belt. Why is this so?
The CMSS stand is that labour-
-displacing forms of mechanisation
in iron-ore mines is being intro-
duced not because it is essential
for cost efficiant production of
good quality steel, but because it
serves the economic interests of
the sellers of these labour displac-
ing machines and their teChnol-
ogy, as whether these sellers are
~ased in India or abroad, (or sub-
contractors who may install the
machines and undertake other
subsidiary works) and the officials
who are in collusion with these
economic interests.
The stand of the CMSS is that
.such mechanisation should be
resisted as much as possible, but
if this is not possible due to the
overall trends in economy and
industry, then efforts have to be
made to defend the jobs of work-
ers despite the introduction of such
labour-displacing mechanisation.
CMSS has pointed in a recent
pamphlet that in recent years in
Chattisgarh region over 15000
jObs have been lost in the mining
sector due to the related policies
of mechanisation and retrench-
ment. These include the retrench-
ments at the mines of Bailadilla,
Nandini, Hirri, Ari Dongri, Rajhara
and Baradwara. CMSS is deter-
mined not to allow this drift
towards unemployment to be car-
ried further.
HoweVer, this is precisely what
the management is trying to do by
introducing a new stage of
mechanisation.
In its long-term efforts to ensure
jOb security to workers, the CMSS
has tried hard to obtain depart-
mentalisation for them. The law,
which says that jobs whiCh are of
a permanent and perennial nature
should be departmentali~, is on
its side. Negotiations for _depart-
FORUM
mentalisation have taken place written.- The Chief labour Com-
from time to time during the last missioner has been seized of the
decade. A relatively smaller problem. In August 1980 he had
number of workers have in fact asked the Bhilai Steel Plant Man-
agement to review the working of
been departmentalised, but this
this system (of semi-mechani-
has been denied to the large
majOrity of workers. ~tion). This review was carried
-As long as the prevailing semi- out and it was found that it would
mechanised technology was being 09t be technically feasibJ~ to oper-
Why is it lhat in used, which has ample scope for ate the nines in a semi-mechanised
productive employment of these manner as large produGtion was
the iron ore mines workers, even in the absence of i{lvolved, and this situation was
likely to endanger the life of the
of our country the departmentalisation the union was
in a strong position to protect the mines and the worksmen. From an
trend is steadily to jObs of workers. But with the intro- economic point of view also, it was
duction of the new stage of established that it would b
move towards mechanisation the dependence on advantageous to work through
mechanised process for which
labour-displacing workers to maintain the iron ore
supply to B.S.P. will reduce large investments have been
forms of greatly. The management has made since this would reduce
promised that there will be no costs of production a great extent.
mechanisation? In retrenchment of the existing work The management has already
the captive mines force mechanisation. CMSS, . departmentalised the maximum
number of workers based on their
however, feels that when attempts
of other steel have been made to keep workers requirements established after a
unemployed even when they were study. There is no scope of further
plants, the mining in a good bargaining position, the departmentalisation-.
work has been management can hardly be Given these faCts. it is not diffi-
trusted to protect jobs once cult to understand why the CMSS
reduced to levels mechanisation comes in. They is opoosing mechanisation and
fear that gradually in several insisting on departmentalisation,
much below the phases over a period of a few propr recording of age, gratuity
Dalli Rajhara years, most of them will lose their payment etc. before mechanisa-
jObs. Their suspicion is confirmed tion if the latter cannot be avoided,
mining belt Why is by the fad that the management instead of putting all its trust in
this so?The is still reluctant to departmentalise
them or to make corrections of
vague assurances of the man-
agement.
ChaHisgarh Mines wrongly recorded age of several When the CMSS tried to offer
workers. opposition to the implementation
Shramik Sangh's As Shankar Guha Niyogi, Orga- of a ccntract worth crores of
stand is that nising Secretary of CMSS, has rupees for prefiminary mechanisa-
written in a recent communication tion work, vested interests ma~
labour-displacing dated January 12 to the D.G.fOI. available a lot of money and jobJ
forms of (Mines), B.S.P., -At the time of offers to a rival union having littl~'
earlier mechanisation manage- support base among miner$'
mechanisation in ment assured and committed to except in a few pockets. The lead-
departmentalise the workers of ers of this union then brought in
iron-ore mines is Dalli Rajhara group of mines, several youths from villages with
being introduced which was ultimately not done. On promises of jobs and other ben-
the contrary the workers had to efits. They were used to attack
not because it is face the attitude of arrogant dis- CMSS members and terrorise
dain from the officers of B.S.P.- them. The eagerness of CMSS to
essential for cost In a strike notice dated maintain peace was misused by
efficiant interests of December 12 CMSS has said,-A these gangsters who attacked
Number of settlements have been several CMSS members and even
the sellers of these violated and it is now crystal clear forced over a hundred families to
that the management neither flee from their homes. These
labour displacing honours the law of the land norful- incidents of violence made the sit-
machines and their fils the social responsibilitY uation very tense and insecure. In
towards the region and violates its ~ the.prevailing situation of jOb inse-
technology and the OWn commitment made in the form curity, CMSS members stopped
of settlement.- going to work in the first week of
officials who are in It appears that a policy decisior May. CMSS leaders have expre-
collusion with these had been taken quite some time ssed the f~ar that attempts to p.ro-
,back to mechanise the mines and YOke their members are being
economic interests. .at the same time refuse to depart- constant~ made so t~at ~iol~nt
.mentalise the miners. In a letter clashes Increase and In thiS dls-
dated June 22, 1984 addressed to turbad .atmosphere, anti-worker
.Shri A.K Roy, former Member of rep~esslOn can be Ullieashed and
Parliament, who took a keen inter- their strength to oppose mechan-
est in the problem of miners, Mr._-. isation and other undesirable
NKP. ~, who was then Union changes can be curbed.
Minister of Steel and Mines, had Continued on paf19 6
5
FORlJM~' 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
. GazeJte

R.e'vriting History Workers Terrorised,

Is No Solution .Attacked
Qontinued from page -3 Continued from page 5 sion and gradual distruction of encourage them in this effort
competition for the Hindu votes
Ica! framework although it IS too CMSS has emerged in recent such an organisation. B.S.P. man- 'instead of trying to hinder its suc-
between the Congress and such
years as a symbol of the hopes agement should opproach the cess. And if this happens, then
.~arly to say whether they have a parties as the Bhartiya Janata
CMSS with an open mind to their even at this late stage B.S.P. can
secret agenda in wanting to do so, Party. In practice, there wiii be and aspirations of the oppressed
'jn addition to trying to capture poli~ fragmentation of votes among H,e people of Chattisgarh. The least suggestions of making available be identified with the hopes and
ical power. Akalis, the Congress, the BJP and ' that can be expecte of an enlight- aspirations of Chattisgarh instead
quality .ore as per BSP needs.
The two ~ommLinist parties are communists . ened public sector management is of being regarded as an alienated
bravely fighting the terrorists, at Given this scenario, it is some- 1nat it should not plan to the ero- Management should help and and oppressive force.
considerable cost to their cadres. what baffling why Rajiv Gandhi
Their recipe IS that the government and his party are making the kind
should resist the temptation of of efforts they are in wooing the
making cleve~ deals with the ter- Sikh vote. Instead of assuaging
forits, but should strengthen the Sikh feelings, they are merely rub-
people's resolve by undertaking bing salt in the wounds. There are
AN APPEAL
solid and consistent political no instant solutions for Punjab, but
HELP THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN OF NOVEMBER 1984 WIDOWS
ground work. They rightly believe the Congress cannot hopl:l to win
that the Punjab problem is a the hearts and minds of Sikhs The Sikh Forum is providing financial assistance for education of orphan children of the violence
natlo~al one and all political par- through an excess of propaganda. since early 1984. Since January 1988, this has been transferred to a Trust named "Citizens' Relief Reha-
ties should work for achieving the Frequent television shots of Rajiv bilitation & Education Fund". This trust is duly registered and have obtained IT exemption under sec- .
tion 80G of IT Act 1961 at present valid till 30 Nov 1990.
r--------------------------------------------~ The sponsoring member/family/ organisation who wish to sponsor one or more children will be pro-
vided with full partiCUlars of the child i.e., name, age, sex, present address, grade, scheol and photo-
In electoral terms, Punjab's is not a graph of the child. Minimum monthly stipend required for educatin a child is Rs. 75/- or Rs. 900/-
particularly hospitable climate for the ($75) armuillly. The number of children who need this assistance is approximately 1200. We have been
able to arrange donors for 910 children as well as for those who may withdraw at the end ef the year.
Congress. While the bulk of the Sikhs is We are approaching you with an appeal 10 enrol yourself as a donor to sponsor as many children's
unlikely to vote .for the Congress, there education as you can for five years, if possible.
The draft/cheque should be made in favour of "Citizen Rehabilitation & Education Fund" and
will be a competition for the Hindu votes sent tr 3, Masjid Road, Jangpura, New Delhi-llOO14. .
between the Congress and s'uch parties as
the BJP.

objectives of securing peace fors-

wearing partisan profit.
the police and paramilitary
forces are doing a difficult job and
have, over the years , acquired
more expertise in dealing with the
problems involved. Some disturb-
ing reports of police 'hi gh -
handedness and worse must be
throughly investigated and the
errant men and offir.ers punished.
But the po lice and paramil!tary
forces also need sympathy ior the
lives they have sacrificed .
In electoral terms , Punjab's is
not a particularly hospitable cli-
mate for the Congress. While the
bulk of the Sikhs is unlikely to vote
.for the Congress, there will be a
Gandhi addressing groups of"
Sikhs on the lawns of his resi-
dence do not carry conviction.
If the effort is aimed not so much
at Sikhs but rather at rt1furbishing
the Congress's secular image, it
will not enhance the party's
appeal. The dead cannot be
brought back. and if the guilty
cannot be punished, it would be
more beneficial for the Congress
to pass over this sorry chapter in
silence. The answer is not to
rewrite history in tllis age of glas-
nost when even the communist
world is bf;!ginning to wake up to
the nationalClistortioris that inevit-
ably arise in painting the black
white .
Elections In Punjab
do it covertly to project their sec- state and the community they
Continued from page 1
ular image to win the widest pos- claim to represent.
sible support. Sufferes in 'this game of petty
Petty Politics party politics are people and the
It seems that Mr. Buta Singh is national interests. But who is
I n fact the question of religion and
politics all these years has been
providing the Akalis for a confron-
tationist attitude and not to go for
overplayed both by the. Akalis and . registration and thereby leaving
bothered for them? If the govern-
ment is realy concerned then the
need of the hour is to initiate the
the Congress. Reality .is that the the ground free for his party. In this process for political solution to
Akalis have used religion for pol_ I he is not concerned how much Punjab crisis. The first step in that
itics no more or less than other people will get alienated. On the direction is establishment of a
parties including the Congress. other hand Akali record so far also popular government. Let the
The difference is that in the con-. suggests that they are prone to people of Punjab speak for them-
tent of proclaimed miri and piri tl1ls type of provocation and adopt selves who represents their inter-
concept Akalis do it overtly partic- confrontationist line just for nothing ests; let it be any party or any
ularly in the one-up-manship game without realising its long term con- faction so far it is within the frame-
in factionalism while other parties
...
sequences for themselves and .the work of Indian Constitution.

JODHPUR DETENUES

"We Were Even Denied Fresh Air"

" On 3 June 1984, after paying . "We were kept in a room men ruthlessiy started firing on health ethics and were only for experience in the dungeons of
. our obeisance at Shri where weapons used to be stored them and it left about 60-70 dead. name's sake. They gave us only Jodhpur, Karaj Singh lamented,
Darbar Sahib, Amritsar, I along It had no ventilation, so did light, From 7 June to 28 August, we 10 to 13 litres of water for all daily "very powerful alarms were
with other people were going remafned there in vests and purposes~inking, bathing and sounded during the night hours
round parkarma '(p,assage round and we felt suffocated, and we underwears. We had no other washing clothes." where we were lodged to deny us
the Golden 1 empie). That day were not provided with even food cloths to cover our bodies. After Kar.aj Singh told that he was in even sleep. In the entire period of
Jathedai'Nadhat'l.r Singh with his or water. Our arms were kept so keeping us in the army camp and the jail for a period of four years, detention, I never met any of my
'men WClS to court arrest, and a relations." While he was explain-
huge croWd had gathered to wit- ing all this, the sign of fear on his
ness It. But unfortunately at about HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATED face,caused by terror unleashed
4 O'dock along with other pilgrims, by the jail authorities, was appar-
I was also arrested by the army ently visible.
men." tightly tied for about two days con- . in the central jail in Amritsar for a three months and 14 days. During He said that at the time o~
Twenty-five yaar old Karaj tinously causing sever pain due to long time, we were then taken to that period fabricated charges release, they were not served with .
Singh, slo Sardar Lakha Singh, stoppage of blood circulation . In the central [ail of Jodhpur," he said . were laid and he had to appear any certificate of detention. When
tbld this correspondent that when the middle of 7 June night, we Karaj Singh explained that before authorities 62 times. The asked about his future plan, he
. hO e was arrested, there were about were called out to have water. during this period the detenues government could not produce any was not sure, "I cannot make up
200 other men were also with him, Somo young boys who were thir- were treated with a vengeance. evidence to prove any of these my mind . Perhaps, I am not yet
includ ing old a~d young men . And sty for a long time rushed out for He said, "about the food given to crimes or charges . aware of the fact that I am finally
- they were taken to a milIary camp water. As they appeared, the army us, it hardly justified medical and Explaining his astounding released".

6 130 July 1989

 LITERARY
ottayam, the head
K
quarters of a district in
Kerala, has made his-
to ry
becoming the first town
by
in the entire co untry to achieve
cent per cent lit eracy. The town
has in fact stolen a march over
Ernakulam district in Kerala where
an intensive dr'ive under the
bann er Nehru Saksha ratha Jyoti is
und erway to eradicate illiteracy
fro m the entire district and to
ach ieve tot al literacy during the
Nehru Centenary year. It was not
surpri sing, thoug h, The 1981
Census had already put Kottayam
in the lead with 82 pe r cent liter-
acy in a State which stiil holds the
record in th e cou ntry with th e
highest literacy rate of 70 per ce nt ,
as per 1981 figures . Th e figu re
should definitely be higher now
and the possi bility of Kerala
ac hieving near-total literacy by the
time of the next censu s is very
much there ,
Acco rd ing to the People's Edu-
catio;l 8nd Literacy Campaign.
Kottayam, PE LC K to be short, the
, entire populat ion of the town
numbering 68 , ~' :; i-= ,lOW literate.
LI The inten s;', . c,. , 'n ~: gn that was
'C:'--{wnched on Ma:.:h ':: , 1989 und er
th e au spices ~,' " r,' ~'l ati onal Se r-
vice Schem 8 ( , , :1," .Mah atm a
Gandhi University teok only 100
days to R c l ~ ie w . :, incredible
feel.. in fact the P[ LCK was a
sequel to the literacy su rvey con -
ducted by N.S.S. volunteers in the
t0wn in Janu ary 1~1 8 9. Their
survey of 12,000 households
revealed that there we re 2208 illit-
erates in the 5-65 age group. The
students body decided to teach all
of them in just 1Oi) c: :1ys. And the
campaign was launci led on tit ch
4, 1989.
Kottayam Muncipal town has 32
wards . 32 Nation al Service Volu n-
teers were deployed as coordin -
ators in all the 32 wards . Th e
E .?o rd~nators organ ised ward
~ommlttees to chalk out pro-
gram mes of action for the literacy
drive. These ward committees
converted themsel ves into task
groups wh ich went ro und the
wards to identify the illiterates and
. to impart lessons in functional
lite racy. Th ere were 700 volun-
teers in all who took up th is chal-
lenge with missionary zeal.
Members of youth org anisat ions,
ret ired teachers, social workers
and ex-se rvicemen came forward
to assist i he stud ent volunteers .
ADVERTISE IN
THE FORUM GAZETTE
'. And Reach
Wider Cross-Section Of Consumers
Write To:
Advertisement Manager
The Forum Gazette,
Masjld Road, Jangpura, Delhl-110014
Phone - 619284
1-30 July 1989
Kottayam Heralds the
Literacy R~volution
Overcoming Hurdles
T he task proved to be no
cake-walk for the volunteers.
It came out that the majority of the
iiiiterates belonged to the 45-6S
age group. The learning process
in old age is bound to be slow. And
th is slow pace proved to be quite
The literacy campaign caught fancy of the people in no time. The
spirit and enthusiasm proved to be not only irresistible but really
contagious. People from all walks of life came forward to participate
in the campaign. Even officials did not hesitate to jump into the fray.
The district collector too came forward to teach the illiterates. And
those who were standing and watching decided to organise literacy
processions to drive home the message in every nook and corner of
the town. To crown it all, a literacy flag was hoisted when hundreds
took the literacy pledge.
eXa3perating to the young blood
who tried to teClch them. Poverty
was another iQ1pediment. To per-
suade them to find a little time to
learn, after the day's hard work
was by no means easy. But the
youngs ters rose up to the occa-
sion and persisted and perserved.
And tliey did succeed in the case
of all the 2208 persons including
1300 women. 1400 of the illiter-
ates were Sium dwellers for whom
literacy classes were opened in
slu ms.
Opening the Eyes
hen there was the Physical
T obstacle of lack ot vision
among the aged. This' formid able
difficulty was overcome by literally
opening their eyes through free
eye cam ps and treatment which
the students organised with the
help of medical personnel.
There were quite a few bi-lingual
and multilingual workers among
the illiterates which pt,:;ed yet
anot her problem. The largest
group among them was of Tam -
milians numbering 20. National
Service volunteers from Nagercoil
in Kanyakumari district of Trl mil-
nadu came to the rescue to ttlach
Tamil to Tamilian, illiterates.
, A People's Movement
he campaign cau'ght the fancy
T ,of the citizens in no time. The
spirit and enthusiasm proved to be
not only irresistible but really con-
tagious . People from all walks of
life came forward to participate in
1he campaign . Even officials did
not hesitate to jump into the fray.
The distr-ict collector too came for~
'ward to teach the illiterates. And
those who were standing and
watching decided to organise liter~
acy processions to drive home the
message in every nook and corner
of the town. To crown it all , a liter-
Sunny. A sbturrpoo tboI
brl"P.JIOfI naJlm''s u"iqrle
gtft for befJutiju/ btUr.
Amle'&' An ilif/1orttlnl bet6
In ~"" 11M! .:b tU
IoIIk. Co"trols ,IIIing btUr tmd
dtwJrvf/-fienlly. IfIJIrll'tllly.
AlltlIo tOp It iii/, s",,~,,'s
COItIIlttoner ""OOIbenS out
~ ~", ,)'OUr' btUr
1/lIthr, III6W -1IIIRfGbIe,
YOfJ" Ior~ .~,,~,'s sp.1tI/
fmri~too!
For best mulls ~
IUtNY AIfIfA HAIR oa
noplp. law for .1-2 "'JII'5.
Apply .
....
SlINfC'UI/tCA stWIPOO
to Mt hair. wort 1!ItI) 1IIhi!r.
- - _._-----
..... ____ ....., 1'IMt:"
*4 '""...,
'*'" ",..",., Arw. '*'-I
121
",. DI6I11_
'F ORUM
acy fl ag was hoi sted when hun-
dreds took the literacy pledg e.
Cultural prog ram mes, strp
plays and folk dances on
theme were staged in almost c.
the wards of the town . City schools
and homes reverberated with folk
::;ongs on functional literacy .
Volunteers of the popular Kerala
'"astra Sahitya Parishad took out
an Aksh &ra Kala Jatha for popu-
larising the campaign . A poster
competition on lhe literacy theme
added colour to the whole cam
paig n that had become a People's
Movement involving the entire cit-
izenry.
lJiscover
SUNNY
AmiCi Shampoo
and rediscover the
beauty of vour hair.
SUNNY
Shampoo
Arnica
with CondItioner.
GenIie, natumI-
as only bvmoeopalbic
bmJs can make it
Gazette
Role of the. !IIlterates
. - -
T he stars of this show indeed
wer8 the hitherto illiterates-
the real performers who took up
the challenge to come out of the
darkness of ignorance. Among
them is the fifty year old Ragh3-
van. whose legs had been
amputed and who had to tra':el by
00at to attend his classes . He
used to spend Rs. 60 out of his
monthly pension of Rs .7S for the
purpose. And then he had to liter-
ally craw lS krns from the boat jetty
to the venue of the class . Then
there is Kochu Kochu who per-
sisted in his 'boycott' of the liter-
acy movement claiming to have
more wordly wisdom than the
most wise . But he haa to give way
and join the hanu of his newly
lite rate brethren when he was
accosted by the fee l; ng of being
left out of the mainstream .
Follow Up
M any a good movement meets
with premature death when
the first wave of enthusiasm dies
down. The people of Kottayam are
aware of it and they have al ready
planned the second phase of thO)
cam paig n which consists of o;'ga-
nised moves to motivate the newly
literates in utilising their newly
acquired knowledge continuously
and in a sustained manner. The
Department of Education of the
Government of India has already
sanctioned RS .1.S7Iakhs for a 15
month post-l iteracy follow up pro-
gramme.
::;
I.
7

~()It1J~I . .__________. .______________~C~EN~TR~E!
I
n Bombay North-West" consti-
tU0ncy, a bye-eleclion saw a
hanqularcontest in December
1987 beh'Veen the Congress-
I, the Shiv Sena and th' j Janata
PClrty. However, the main contest
was between the Congress-I and
the Sl ,i v Sena cafldidates . How-
eV8r, P~abhakar K~nte . the
Congress-I candidate, was' quite
strong and has the reputation of
holding secular views. When the
electien result was declared Mr.
Ktlnte lost to the Shiv Sen a can-
didate by a margain of more than
1G,OOO votes. The Sena candidate
secured 29,547 voies whereas the
Cong rees candidate secured only
18,783 votes . ..' "'.I.
Mr. p rabhakar Kunte , ttie':Con-
qress candidate allf!ged that the
Sena O10t only indulged ,n virulently
cornmL'n<!i propaganda but also
prevented large number of people
from v?t.i ng. through intimidatory
tacti( ;. Mr. Kunte, therefore: filed
a petition in the Bombay High
Court tel set aside the election
under section 123(3) of the Rep-
resentation of the People Act,
1951 , on grounds of corrupt prac-
tices and making appeal to the
electorate in the name of religion.
The Bombay High Court heard the
arguments and finally delivered
the judg ement in favour of the
Congress candidate setting aside
the election of the Shiv Sena can-
didate. It was a historic judgment.
Ours is a secular democracy
and theoretically and constitution-
aliy no appeal can be made to the
electorate on the basis of on~s
caste, creed,. religion or sex . How-
eve~, strong religious prejudices
developed on account of divis ion
of our country seem ingly on the
basis of rengion and our electoral
processes, despite constitutional
provis ;ons to the co\intrary , could ,
never become (ruely secular. In ,
ru,'al areas appeal used to be I
made to the voters on the basis 01
caste and in urban areas on the
basis ef religion. However, and
this is important to note, at the time
of promulgation of the constitution,
feudal loyalties y.'ere still very
strong and votes were exercised
mC:3 on personal loyalties than on
religious or ideological considera-
tio ns.
However, the feudal structure of
our society was considerably
weakened by mid-sixties when the
green revolution began to succeed
and personal loyalties in the feudal
sense lost their relevance . How-
ever, the developmental process
was highly uneven not only regi-
onally but also caste and commun-
ity wise as well. This lead to more
and more caste and communal
viofence since sixties. The major
: ,oinmuna! violen~e even in early
:~ties in Jabalpur, Rourkela, Jam-
shedpur, etc. The communal prej-
udices were thus greatly
strengthener!.
What was worse, the ruling
party often manipulated with great
success the religious sentiments
to come to power. The minorities
from the beginning depended o~
the Congress fortheir security and
well being though such a depen-
dance was mor~ perceptual than
realistic. Nehi' :>f hough he could
not prevent communal violence,
8 130 Jul
..... .. " .
.
". -'" . ~ -. '. . - . ' . . t' ~
Bombay High Court .Judgement
Shiv Sena For Se]
th eoret ically at least stood for 'esentation of People Act. This
security of minorities and often section prohibits promoting of and By Asghar J
gave expression ' to his feelings. or attempting to promote feelings
The Hindu parties like the Jan of enmity and hatred between dif-
Sangh never approved of this and ferent classes of the citizens of (though .certainly not all) celebrate
denounced it as' a policy of India on the ground of religion and when india looses a oicket
appeasing Ml!slims. Until today community, which is proscribed py match? Are there some se ri ous
BJP (Le former Jana Sangh) has section 123 (3A), and-the sectiorf reasons for such feelings or is it by
maintained this stance and has 123 (2) prohibits intimi'dation of virtue of their religion. The way Mr . '
consistently attacked the ruling voters by the use of undue influ-
The Sena suprerro, Thackaray projects the issue, it
Congress for its appeasement of ence. After hearing of arguments Bal Thackaray, also appears as if it is by virtue of their
religion . If it is so one wou ld like
minorities. and evidence in the election peti-
One should bear in mind that tion had been recorded before jus- made it clear thet o ask why deeply religiou s per-
sons like Maulana Hussain Ahm ed
minorities, not only in India but tice Bharucha, a notice under he is not seekir g Madani and Maulana Az ad so very
throughout the world tend to vote Section 99 of the said Act was
on block more for reasons of its issued to Mr. Balasaheb Thacka- Muslim votes. h ,:\ deeply naitonalists? Why their rel i-
gion did not come in their way in
security than other issues. The ray, the leader of the Shiv Sena
behaviour of Indian Muslims or and Mr. Thackaray appeared in
also said in one of becom ing such stau nch national -
ists? An d how it is that modernists
other minorities is by no means the court in pursuance thereof. the meetings that if li'-:E J:nnah and Liyaqat Ali became
exceptional. However, since early It is interesting to note that Mr.
eighties the ruling Congress Thackaray had publically stated Muslims were ~ha'l1tJi on s of Muslim separati
. ~ :; 10\ r oi itical rather than rei ;
shifted its political proclivity ir
that he did not believe in democ-
favour of majority community and racy but in democracy like that of
present among the ~ ;r; :..s f ight?
There We e; one more re a30n for
left Indian Muslims wondering as Shivaji Maharaj. And the Sh iv audience, they Mr. Bai T h ~ ,ck aray dubb i.' g the
to how to fill this gap. The whole Sena candidate Dr. Ramesh
political scene is still pretty con- Prabhu also subscribed to this better not vote for Janat a Party as anti-nat ion al : Mr.
Chandrash ~a r , the th en I,r es i-
fused . But it must be said that this view . Interestingly enough Mr Bal
shift of the ruling Congress in Thackaray again reiterated this
the Sena. Does this de nt of t :~ e Ja:lat a Pa:1 y had
stated that no rla''':-, '.. uld be donG
favour of majority community far view on 24th May in Bombay in c not amount to if Ram Janamc h:;o:, was hane'>..::
more communalised the political Rotary club meeting in midtown
provesses in this country. He is reported to have said that
talking in' favour of over to the ['"i us I!, - ..;ticG E:la-
ru ch a, observe: O ~'.' lJasis of.
It also resulted in keener com- elections are a major ailment separate electorate? eviaence rE:':"' '''c - ! '-' 9 ''/ f~e
petition between communal par- affecting the country and ' Mr.
Pw le bye -e'. :iu ' ,' le
ties to use communal appeal with Thackaray declared total support
paig"n !OCLl SS ?' : ' 7:....
far greater virulence so as to ouido to the Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi,
one related to tn, " , . d
each other. The Shiv Sena, a if he decided to do away with the Did we not fight Ram J ~r' a r, bh'!-: : II . ,
~ .
former regional party, began to elections in the interest of the
play the same game specially to development of the country . (se e against the concept The othl" . ", (0 the pclb l:l' ,n
by the ::"! __ . t ...iove rnme nl (
stage a comeback since early The Times of India, Bo mbay of
eighties and has been trying to May 25 , 1985 under the caption I'l l
of separate dies of Hinduism" From '
ciear that commu n" lists
outdo all other communal parties use religion for votes). electroate all not interested in pecp:e'", ' .'
in using Hindu communalism in its Justice Bharucha remarks in his
through our like poverty, une mp l o )'~li ent " -
most militant form. In the midst of judgement that "The plank upon
state of econo my, etc. Tl:ey
plethora of communal parties it the which Shiv Sen a was going to
saw no other but to vend its com- contest the election had been
freedom struggle? only bothered about abstract reii-
qio us controversies .
munal ware and it did with certain decided upon by Mr. Thackaray
amount of success. The Auranga- and others in advance of the 1st All these Sal Thackaray also maintalne .
bad civic elections of 1988 should respondent (Dr. Ramesh Prab- that the Congre ",:, 'N"lS gui lty L
also be seen in the same light hu's) election campaign. The first utterances leave misrule for last 40 Y G cH S and the
example of this misru le w as th e
where the Shiv Sena registered
initial success.
respondent was not among those
who had taken the decision. He
readers in no doubt protect ion and privileges the
The Vile Parle bye-election of was told about it subsequently . that the Sena minorities enjoy and th at t hese
December 1987 were also fought, Further Justice Bharucha says, privileges are not available to the
by Shiv Sena on communal card. There was no practice of record believes in two- majority community. We have
The main slogan in the election Ing decisions taken by Mr. Thack-
was "say with pride we are aray and other leaders of the Shiv
nation theory, already hinted at th is in the begin-
ning of this article. One is tempted
Hindus". This slogan was also Sena ...... The election plank was something against to ask Bal Thackaray what are the
advertised in some of the leading this; "we were agair;lst the Janata privileges enjoyed by the minori-
English and language dailies of Party because it was anti-
which we fought ties, specially the Muslims? Are
Bombay with a bye-line that vote nationalist; we were against Mr. for long years and these privileges economic or polit-
for Shiv Sena candidate. It is Sahabuddin who had called for ical? If economic, the Muslims in
unfortunate that these dailies black flags for Republic Day; we which was this country should have been big
chose to carry this advertisement were against Mr. Nihal Ahmed businessme n, industrialists and
on the front page. Also, the elec- who had kicked at decorations to
responsible for monopolists . Or atleast, they
tion campaign was mainly con- a Ganesh; we were against Mus- division of our should be holding managerial and
ducted by Sena chief Mr. Bal lims who celebrated India's defeat technocrats posts in large numb-
Thackaray and that too, needless at cricket matches and who country on the ers in this country . The reality is
to say, on the grounds of militant hoisted Pakistani flags at cricket just the opposite. They are poor &
Hinduism. This, coupled with inti . matches."
basis of religion. illiterate. They have no business,
midatory tactics, as pointed OUt Mr. Bal Thackaray considerec let alone industries in their hands.
above, ensured the Sena victory. the Janata Party anti-nationalist They neither hold higher posts in
It was, therefore, quite natural that just because Mr.Sahabuddin and Government nor in private sector.
the aggrieved Congress-I candi- Nihal Ahmed are its members and Their position is worse. Our Insti-
date Mr Prabhakar Kunte, filed an they are Muslims. Muslims are tute;s survey for private sector in
election petition in Bombay High anti-national because they rejoice Bombay indicates they are highly
Court, when India looses a cricket match. under-represented. Yes Muslims
The petition has been filed Mr. Bal Thackaray is not prepared are 'privileged' to be in crime. As
under sec~ion 123(3} of the Rep- to thinl' as to why some Muslims all other avenues are blocked

.PR_EA.D. .__________. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .__. .
j F()It1J~
On Shiv Sena Election Campaign
?!"t~
I
Ii Engineer
~
ey take to crfme. No one WQuid
nvy them for this privilege.
Bal1hackaray also maintained
his statements in the court of
w that Muslims enjoy protection
this country which Hindus don't.
ain the facts speak quite elo-
ently in this respect. How J.t1ey
t killed number of riots all over
dia is an eloquent testimony to
's' unenviable protection they
joy .' In May 1987, morethan 40
ung Muslim bDYS from Hashim-
ra in Meerut v. ," e shot near a
al in Moradnagar and thrown
. '1y the jawans of the PAC
udicial inquiry was held till
ay. In this the protection Bal
ckaray hinting at? His own
iv Sainiks went on rampage in
mbay-Bhivandi belt in May
4 arid killed several Muslims.
s anyone brought t.O t he book?
~his the pro! ':' '.10 t:~ '3 ruling
gress prov : '~,, 'J !~'e m for
h Mr Tha('v.~ ,:/ r," grouse
I
ins! it.
r. Bal -:':,.. ., 'ay also said, in
statem ,~ '- :: ." ' ;':> the judge that
pro \f i si(): -, ~~ :iW should be
ally ~ pp ii : . > ,) the people of
re! ::; ions. ; ; -Iear that Mr.
cKaray is hifl( i,':J at separ ate
nallaws fer (lilierer ' " 8!ig ious
munities, specia!ly lot ..:. !3ii ms
r
can take :110'" ' ,' an 0 ;-,1::1 wife.
'b le is 1 " . ,lis malter is
~..,cked from ~1 en's and not
en 's <'\I1gle. Ultimately in this
dominated sv:.;aty, whether
'::5m or Islarn it IS women who
,E de to suffer. Polygamy may
ivilege to men but it is a curse
Co ~: : 1 . W r. ?J ~ ,,; ne eded is
m in the law, not envy f6r the
pri';" eges in this or that
munity. If we ,'. ,' nt to build a
nd humane society, we will
to attempt an honest critique
:those socio-cultural or socio-
us traditiol'1s which perpe-
. justice or cause exploitation
section at the hand of
J. section.
. e 6f the election speeches
ackara'; :, ;';ened the- Muslim
. :', ~ :'.' ..,JUra. He said innis
ad sp91i1ch "they (r.f.rril'lf ~.
ongre ss Party). might" have' .
. Nagaland but nothing could
hieved in Vile Parle by refer-
to the Cobra like form ('nag-
e roop') of the Muslims and '
tanis ....... ln his recent Rotary
peech on 24th May ref$rred
,ve he called Muslims green
ts. This is ultra aggressive
unalism and such aggres-
. postures can seriouly
er unity & integrity of the
. It is highly surprising that
. horities do not take any
:against such objectionable
es.
(
. - < - .
Electorate
Bal Thackaray also said in his
speech inaugurating the Vile Parle
election campaign to which Justice
Bharucha refers in his judgement,
said, "The population of Muslims
Ours is a secular was 2'/2 crores at the time of
Independence but had now
democracy and crossed 14crores. "We" (meaning
the Hindus) were practicing family
theoretically and planning but "they" (meaning the
constitutionally no Muslims) kept on producing chil-
dren. Those children were being
appeal can be made ungrateful."
to the electorate on Besides being cheap demgogy
which is what his speeches gen-
the basis of one's erally amount to, it is pretty dan-
gerous stuff. Firstly, his population
caste, creed, religion figures are entirely wrong. The
or sex. However, Muslim population at the time of
partition was around 4 crores and
strong religious not two-and-half crores as he
makes it out to be. Secondly,
prejudices accoroing to 1981 census the
developed on rv1uslim population is around 8
crGies and not 14 crores. Bal
account of division Thackaray is exaggerating Muslim
population in order to frighten the
of our country Hindus. It is interesting to note that
seemingly on the both Hindu and Muslim commun-
alists exaggerate figures of Muslim
basis of religion pop(llation in India for their own
and our electoral reasons. Muslim communalists
fa el that the Government is under-
processes! despite playing the ir population to reduce
the ir poiitical weight and the Hindu
constitutional Co mmu nalists say that Govern-
provisim'i' ; to the I1J:'Jn t h:des true figures of Muslim
popul~tio n as it is embarrassing to
contrary, could it to reveal the true figures to the
Hindus.
never become
In fact there is no truth in tiit) S'3 ' were present among the audience
truely secul ar. In exaggerated f iqures. What is l."8
source of th ",;, i,-: ~~r m a.!ic n. H3'/ 9' Does this not amount to talking in
the rural areas they held any independ ent
census? They are spre ad in a H -
appeal used to be
fal sehond fN their political '~w J . . sepClrate electorate all through our
made to the voters In fact th,!.j! driket stat 91T' 0,;, .i :at ireedom struggle? Are we going to
1;!I Jsli m', aD no t practice tami!y
on the basis of :;i::lnnir,g ca, ,"0t be true. Family
' ; , :q is a bio-ecoriomic cate-
caste and in urban ;. '/ which is sought to be con-
areas on the basis . .fi':d into religious category by
"r,,"'-.rn ur,alisis . Practice or non-
of religion. ;>CI.,; ~ ;ce oi h :nqy pla,nning is
However, and this diiect :/ indepe ndent on one's
eco nomic and not religious status .
is important to It is amply borne out by empirical
note, at the tirr.e of studies. Muslims ot comparable
-~,.::) rn:;ic educa,ional stat u,> dis -
promulgatioi.j .,If the ;Jhy i!. 9 snme ojb;Y 1:; :_ " ;11
(espect of family planning as their
constitution, feqgal r,..I't.
c.u .... i" .". Hi~ .. m-
, . f--+ayaiti~wer-e still munity. Yet the propaganda that
Muslims do not practice family
very strong and planning goes on full blast and
through it is sought to be
votes were impressed that Muslim population
exercised more on soon will overtake Hindu popula-
tion in the country and it would
personal loyalties then be a Muslimraj in/the land of
than on religious or Hindus.
Another political implication of
ideological this deliberate propaganda is that
the secular government in tJ'!is
considerations. country pampers the minority and
!lence cannot discipline them into
practicing family planning and
therefore it is n~cessary to vote
. ,
militant Hindu party like Shiv Sena
to power. Thus in the same
speech referred to above Mr.
Thackaray says, "The entire coun-
try had been ruined by misrule,
which was why the Shiv Sena
.stood on the Hinduism and on that
stand it was going to step into the
Legislative Assembly.
Mr. Thackaray also incited his
Hindu audience to take up arms to
defend themselves as the Gov-
ernment is not going to defend
them. He said, "Mind well we shall
be compelled to take up arms, We
must tell the Government that their this election was not set aside.
laws and their police are unable to
protect our lives. We shall be
compelled to protect our lives our-
selves and we shall do so." Mr.
Justice Bharucha then observes,
"If the power of the State was in
Mr. Thackaray's hands he would
not programfDe, They will have to
conduct themselves according to
the law of the land ....... .! appeal to
you to elect the Shiv Sena, wh ich
is standing on the ground of Hin-
duism, by large margin of votes."
The Sena, which is standing on
the ground of Hinduism, by large
margin of votes." The Sena also
raised the slogan in its election
meetings, along with other slo-
gans, "The protection of Hinduism
is protection of the country."
The Sena supremo also made
it clear that he is not seeking
Muslim votes. He also said in one
of the meetings that if Muslims
they better not vote for the Sena.
i'avour of separate electorate? Did
we not fight against the concept of
advocate it even today? Do we
want polarisation on communal
lines once again? Are we going to
advocate view given by the Shiv
Sen" candidate Dr. Ramesh
Prabhu, the first respondent to
Janambhoomi Pravasi makes a
painful reading. Justice Bharucha
h'as referred to this interview in his
judgement. Dr. Prabhu said in his
interview that all nationalists in
India were Hindus and those who
were against national interests
were Musli.ms and the fights in th"
.I.etlon was between Hinduism
and Islam, He also said that there
was Hindu wave in Vile Parle. If he
was defeated, it would be a defe.at
for Hinduism. All these utter4inces. process of exercise of votes. To a
leave readers in no doubt that the
S"'1a believes in two nation
theory, something against which
we fought for long years and which
was responsible for division of our
country on the basis of religion.
Mr. Thackaray also said in his
speeches that Shankar Rao
Chavan had recommended the
Union Railway Ministry that the
names of railway stations should
be written in Urdu on the name
plates at railway stations in
Bombay. He also said that 30
Muslims had been promoted
directly in the police force and that
this wo.s against "our" interests
and , therefore, the Shiv Sana
would oppose the Government's
policy in this regard.
This clearly shows that accord-
ing to Mr. Thackaray neither Urdu
language should be used any-
where nor Muslim officers should
get promotion . There is-division of
tt-,.:! country into "we" and "they",
Hindus and Muslims. What is in
the interest of the Hindus is in
national interest and what is in the
interest of Muslims is anti-national.
Can there be more blatant attack
on the concept of secularism than
this and yet such speeches were
made repeatedly by the Sena chief
. during the election campaign
during November-December 1987.
However, it was, no - doubt,
strength of our constitution that
Justice Bhar'u cha heard all -the
arguments and came to the con-
clusion that such high pitch com-
munal cempainging amounts to
corrupt practice under section
123(3) of the Representation of
Peopl~ Act. Thus the learned
judge held that "Upon the notice
under section 99 issued to Mr.
Thackaray, it is held that he is
guilty of the currupt practice pre-
scribed by the sub-sections of the
first respondent (Le. Dr. Ramesh
Frabhu of Shiva Sena) he did not
agree with the prayer to seat Mr.
Prabhai<ar Kunte.
The Bombay High Court judge-
ment in this election petition must
be hailed as a landmark judge-
ment and one which, enlivens our
'aith in the constitutional pro-
cesses. Our count ,y is passing
through, not oniy socio-economic
but also political crisis of severe
nature. Communai and funda-
mentalist forces are raising their
ugly head. They are out to tear the
very secular fabric of our country
to pieces . There is every danger
of judiciary also getting communal-
ised and to some extent it has
happened at the lower echelons.
It is in this backdrop that one must
see the Bombay High Court
judgement and must welcome it.
We should not allow our electoral
processes to be communalised
We will have to do everything pos-
sible to check this nasty trend. The
judgement also draws our atten-
tion to the fact that there was a
serious attempt on the part of the
Shiv Sena to intimidate voters . It
is also a sad commentary and to
which the judgement draws our
attantion that the petitioner and the
advocate
the
general did not present
evidence of the senior police
officers though it was vital to the
reader it appears that the role of
the police was not totally impartial.
It did not help genuine voters to
exercise their franchise . Cross-
examination of the senior police
officers would have revealed
much.
It seems politicians are out to
manipulate our religious senti-
ments but we can, at least of now,
can continue to repose our faith in
the higher echelons of judiciary.
9
 . .
FORUM . .
SIKHISM ISLAM
Guru Harkrishan Practising Patience
"Then, when (the son)
reached (the age of) (seri-
ous) work with him, He said:
"0 my son! I see {n vision
that I offer you'ln sacrifice:
Now see whariS your view!"
(The son) said: "0 my fathef!
Do as you are commanded:
you will find me, if Allah so
wills, one practising pati-
ence and constancy!"
(37:102)
T he stor,y told by the Ouran is
about two outstanding ser-
vants and apostles of Allah-Hazrat
Ibrahim and his son Hazrat Ismail
(alaihimussalam). Hazrat Ibrahim
was born in Iraq then known as
Babylon. A true and staunch bel-
iever in Allah he surrendered him-
self completely to the will of his
Lord Who therefore praised him as
'Hanif'. Because of his constancy
and steadfastness he underwent
many a trial on the hands of non-.
believers and those who made
efforts to destroy the balance of
justice and emperil humanity on
earth but he remained true to his
vow to his Lord. At the dusk of his
age he was gifted with a son. One
could easily imagine what love and
affection would have been pre-
vailed there between the son 'and
th e father. But one day the father
revealed his dream to his son that
he was making sacrifice of his son.
He said that he was sure he had
been commanded to sacrifice his
son to the Lord . He asked his son .
,Ismail to express his view on the
matter. Pat came the reply from
the glorious son. Ismail said that
he was fully prepared to endure
what had been wished by the
Lord. He made it clear to his father
thathe should go ahe~c!. with the
.Command. He further assured that
. he would certainly abide by the
.command and will ingly bow down
to the Will of God. He would keep
patience. In the history of mankind
this was a unique event when a
,father and a son had shown total
submission to his Lord 's will. This
should be the cherished climax of
'a believer.
nADJANCE
Guru was travelling from Kiratpur
to Delhi and stayed there for some
time . One high time caste Brah-
min scholar- too proud and
conceited ridiculed , as how a child
Guru could occupy the Gaddi of
Guru Nanak and had taken for
himself the name of Harkrishan.
To pacify and convince him Guru
ji called one low caste, illiterate
and dumb person and by his
divine touch and grace this unlet-
tered man confounded the
haughty high caste ' scholar by
giving a discourse on one Shloka
of Gita. The proud Brahmin was
completely baffled and humbled
and fell at Guru's feet. Guru granth
has a beautiful line about this sort
of ' change-p.1252-"Khal Moo-
rakh Ko Pandit Karbo, Pandit te
Another important shrine after
mughdhari-(Sarang Kabir) .
his name is that at Panjokhara
Sahib in Ambalo. district. The child Tanjjt Singh (Retd. Principal)
10
~ . .. . . ~ , . . .. ' ... ~ ... ~ . :-":;~.;t,. (' \
~. . . . ': .
RELIGION FOR HUMANITY
.. . . , .'?J"
HINDUISM CHRISTIANITY
Three Boons Blessed Are The Poor
Sought By A
Great Devotee
W hat is the secret of happi-
ness?
According to Lord Budha it
great poet, who distinguished is detachme nt. Lord Jesu s
A himself as the contributor of ex presses the s_am~Jhing in a dif -
one of the monumental scriptural ferent way . HE(say,>s ~~at true hap-
texts, sought three boons from his piness belongs toa.rJe who is poo r
personal deity. He was afflicted by in spirit (Mathew 5,3.) "Blessed are
paralysis on the left side of his the poor in spirit, for theirs is the
body while he experienced kingdom of heaven." The word
unbearable pain on the other half 'blessed' is a very special on e. It
is the Greek word makarios . Mak-
because of arthritis. He remained
inside a famous temple in Kerala. arios means that joy which has its
The poet was not concerned secret within itself, that joy which
about his discomfiture but wanted
God to grant him the power to
is sererte and untouch able and
self-contained, that joy which is
meditate on His dazzling form and completely independent of all the
retain it in his heart and thus enjoy chances and changes of life. Th e
Bliss. Secondly, when the hour of word poor, ptochos in Gree k,
his quitting the world approached describes the man who has
and when his faculties were bound nothing at all. Jesus says that
to fail, he should be given the priv- blessed is the man who is abject ly
ilege of retaining the power of and completely destitute.
speech so that he could chant The poor man has no influence
God's names. . or power or prestige. As he has no
Lastly, he said his end should be influence, he is downtrodden and
quiet and sudden , without causing oppressed by men . And since r-:
any inconvenience to anyone has no earthly resources W:l at
around. Being confined to bed fOI ever, he puts his trust, his whole
a long time will incur the displea- trust, in God. The poor man, then,
sure and contempt of those rela- is the humble and helpless one
tives around. He desired to pass who puts his whole trust in God .
')ff unnoticed, peacefully and Happy then is the man, accord-
quickly. This famed devotee was ing to Jesus, who has realized his
Narayana Bhattadri who com- own utter helplessness, and who
posed the poem Narayaneeyam. has put his whole trust in God.
Even while young Bhattadri If a man has realized his own
became an authority on grammar utter helplessness and has put'his
wh :r:h made him turn a bit wh01e trust in God, there will ellter
haughty. His spiritual mentor into his life two things which are
asked him to divert his attention to opposite sides of the same thing.
God, making him realise that He will become completely
wealth and wisdom were purpose- detached from things, for he will
less when a person did not submit know that things have not got it in
himself to the Almighty . The spir- them to bring happiness or secur-
itual guide will be able to lead his ity; and he will become completely
disciples to the altar of God and attached to God, for he will know
prove His pres ence in their heart. that God alone can brin g him help,
Some feel that relig ious practi- and strength. The man who is poor
ces can be taken up in their post- in spirit is tne man who has rea -
ret irement period, unaware that lized that things mean nothing,
even at that stage they will not be and that God means everythin g.
able to resist worldly temptat ions . We must be careful not to think
Detachment should be developed that this beat itude calls actual
from younger days. Adi Sankara material poverty a good thing .
and Vivekananda renounced the Poverty is not a good thing . It is the
world when they were young . The aim of the Christian gospel to
best example of the kind on whom re move material poverty. The
realisation and detachment sud- poverty which is blessed is the
denly dawned was Pattinathar, a poverty of spirit, when a man real-
wealthy businessman who even izes his own utter lack of resour-
owned ships. Lord Siva, appearing ces to meet life, and finds his help
as his 'son took money from him and strength in God.
p~omising to purchase goods but
in reality, arranged to fill the vessel - Fr. George
with cowdung cakes. The Lord left 1-------------.,
a note that even an eye-less
needle will not accompany him
when he dies. Only the fruits of his
pious deeds and the sins arising
out of misdeeds will follow him.
Pattinathar who underwent a total
transformation, distributed his
wealth, tuming an ascetic over-
night.
Narayaneeyam's author argued
with God that failure on His part to
give relief to him from his troubles
would only make disbelievers in
God taunt him that God has not
chosen to shower his mercy and
.that the prayers offered to a
"stone" were but exercises in
futility .
1-30 July 1989
 ECONOMY
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111....111111.
Buyers.-..r Be Conscious
omplaint columns of
C
newspapers are nowa-
days full of letters seek-
ing justice from the var-
ious manufacturers or sellers, who
had either cheated their custom-
ers or failed to satisfy them. No
doubt, this can be taken as an evi-
dence of increasing awareness
among the consumers about their
rights. But as usual the 'aware-
.ness' is restricted to the urban
population and that too a small
minority among them. A major
chunk of our population is totally
ignorant about the rights they have
as consumers-right to safety,
right to choose, right to be
informed, right to seek redressal
and the right to consumer educa-
tion, etc. and also, how and where
to get these rights enforced.
The Rights
I
'
he 'righUo _safety' means the
.. right to be protected against
( oducts, production processes
and services which are hazardus
to hea~h or life. thIs fias now been
broadened to include the concern
or consumers' long-term interests
also. The 'right to choose' long-
term interests also. The 'right to
choose' originally, the right to have
access to a variety of poducts and
serivces at competitive prices. But
it has now been reformulated as
the right to basic goods and ser-
vices. This is because the unre-
strained right of minority to choose
can mean for the majority a denial .
of its fair share. The 'right to
redress' means the right to a fair
settlement of just claims.
Generally accepted since the
early 1970s, the 'right to a healthy
f" 'ironment' means the right to a
p., 'Jsical environment that will
enhance the quality of life and
involves protection against envi-
.ron mental problems over which
the individual consumer has no
control. Availability of facts needed
to make an informed choice or
decision is known as the "right to.
be informed". It now goes beyond
avoiding deception and the protec-
tion againsf misleading advertis-
ing, labelling or other practices.
Then there is the 'right to be heard'
which m~ns the right to be rep-
resented so that consumers' inter-
ests receive full and sympathetic
stituted a Central Consumer Pro-
consideration in the formulation
and execution of economic polic-
ies. The "right to consumer edu-
cation" means, the righ to acquire
the knowledge and skills to be an
informed consumer throughout
life.
'The Government accords a high
p~iority to the programme of con-
sumer protection which it co.n-
celves.as a social movement that
seeks to protect and augment the
rights of the consumer in relation
to the seller.
: Educating the consumer about
.the legal protection available io
him is the main task enumerated
in the Government programme.
Consumer education also enables
1-30 July 1989
a consumer to exercise selection
in his purchasing of goods and
services. Equally vital is the health
and safety of the consumer.
Consumer Protection Act, 1986
E ssential Commodities Act,
Drugs and Cosmetics Act,
Prevention of Food Adulteration
Act, Standards of Weights and
Measures (Enforcement) Act,
Bureau of Indian Standards Act,
Standards of Weights and Mea-
sures Act, MRTP Act, were the
legislations that protected the
interest of the consumer till 1986.
The problem with these laws was
that they were either preventive or
punitive. It was this that made the
Government think in terms of
comprehensive Consumer Protec-
tion Law.
Thus the Consumer Protection
Act, 1986 came into force. This
legislation was framed after
indepth study of consumer protec-
tion laws and managements in the
United States of America, t1nited
Kingdom, Australia and New Zea-
land. Good features of the legisla-
tions in these countries were
suitably adapted in the light of
social and economic conditions
prevailing in this country. More-
over, the provisions of this Act
were in additior. to all the other
laws which looked after the inter-
ests of the consumer.
The Act covers complaints relat-
ing to defective goods, defective
services, unreasonable prices
charged in excess of statutory
prices, fixed or displayed prices
and unfair trade practices other
than the monopoly houses cov-
ered under the MRTP Act. It
applies to all consumer goods and
services unless exempted by the
Central Government and also
covers public, private, joint and
cooperative sectors. The most
important feature of the Act is that
it has got very simple and speady
procedures.
Statutory Institutions
C onsumer Protection Cuncils are
to be set up in the Centre and
States under the Act, whose main
function will be to promote and
protect the rights of the consumer.
The Central Government has con-
tection Council consisting of 126
members and already five meet-
ings of the Council were held. 18
States have also formed State
level Councils.
The redressal machiney as per
the Act consists of Consumer Dis-
putes Redressal Forum-to be
known as District Forums-to be
kown as State Commission-at
the State level and the National
Consumer Dispute Redressal
Commission at the National level.
District forums and State Com-
missions are to be set up by the
State Governments.
District forums will be having
three members. The President of
the forum will be a person who is
or has been qualified to be a Dis-
trict Judge. Other members will be
a lady social worker and a person
eminent in the field of education,
trade or commerce. The District
Educating the
consumer about the
legal protection
available to .him is
the main task
enumerated in the
Government
programme.
Forum has jurisdiction to entertain
complaints where the value of
goods or services and compensa-
tion, if any, claimed is less than
rupees one lakh.
The State Commission compri-
HINDUSTAN
REFRIGERATION
STORES
2 & 4, Netaji Subhash Marg,
Oarya Ganj, New Oelhi-11 0002
Cable : Off.
CORKMAN
S.Stn.
Res.
Service Station:
23, Park Area, Karol Bagh ,
New Delhi-11 0005, Phs : 521273, 522852
Works:
A-21 & 3D, Sector 2, NOIDA (U.P .)
Phone From Delhi (805)-3132, 4110, 4111
Authorised Dealers:
Kirloskar Hermetic Compressors
American Universal Electric
Motors Monoblock Pumps
Danfoss Controls
Ranutrol Controls & Relays
Maffron Refrigerants
Venus Water Heaters
Tullu Water Pumps
Cuttler Hammer Thermostats &
Switchgear
Acmevac Vaccuum Pumps
Kim Brass, Steel Fitings & Valves
Freezeking Compressors
FORUM Gazette
sos of a President who is or has Gvernment has already notified
been a Judge of the High Court. the National Commission which
In addition it has two members wi/! be headed by Jusice V.B.
and one of them should be a lady 'Eradi, a retired Supreme Court
member. The jurisdiction of the
Judge.
State Commission will be for com- No doubt a lot is being done by
pensations worth more than rupee
one lakh and less Rs.10 lakhs. It
will also be hearing appeals
the Government in this direction.
So consumers, be aware of your
rights and make sure thai yo:
against the decision of the District
enjoy them also. Any number 01
Forums.
hinderances can be placed in th
path of enjoying thasEI rights. It cc,r. t
National Commission
be Shri Sanjay Sinha, a Patna
journalist who complainf:jd to the
T he National Commission apart
from hearing appeals against
the orders of the Stare Commis-
Districi Forum against the Railway
authorities for charging RS .1
instead of 50 paise a:; parking fee
sion will also decide on cases for his bike or Justice Udai Sinha,
where the compensation claim is
a Judge of the Patna High Court,
more than Rs.10 lakhs. It will be
who filed a petition before the
having five members of which the
State Commission . complaining
President will be a retired or sitting
::lgainst defects in his new Ambas-
Judge of the Supreme Court. One . sador car. By the way the Railway
of the members will invariably be authorities were asked to ens re
a woman. Appeals against the that proper parking fees is char31?d
decisions of the National Commis-
sion are to be made to the
Supreme Court. The Central
and Justice Sinha got his car ~ack
free from all its deiects after
repairs within 15 days .
'.
271152, 271898 (Pbx.)
277725, 277735
521273
522858 (Director)
1_
Stockists & Mfrs, of:
Dry Ice" & Liquid C~
Liquid Ammonia
Ammonia Valves &
Compressors
Copper Tubing
Deep Freezers
Combination Coolers
Ice Lolly & Cream Plimts
Water & Brine Chillers
Dehumidifiers
Igloo Churners
"
CO>
Soft Ice Cream Di spens6rs o
z
Sulphurdioxidc '--
11
 ~()ltlJ~ .................................E.N.VI.RO.N.M.EN.T
Pollution Exclusive to
Women
By N. Bhadran Nair
hen we talk about
W .
pollution, th6 immed-
iate thing that comes
to one's mind is the
smoke emitting automobi!es, fac-
tories and similar things. But then,
there is another little known type
of pollution, to which our women
folk has been exposed from time
immemorial. :t is known as domes-
tic pollution and it emanates from
our kitchens. Though a lot of study
and research are yet to be done
in this . field. whatever litt!e had
been done gives ample evidence
to show tt>at domestic pollution
causes many a lethal diseaseS
-especially to women, the reason
being obvious.
Various Factors
N inty per cent of the Indian
household uses firewood.
cowdung and crop residues as
fuel. Burning of these fuels pro-
duce highly carbonated smokes;
continous respiration of which
causes or help to cause many dis-
eases including cancer. The harm-
ful elements from the domestic
smoke are the total suspended
particles and Benzo (a) pyrene.
The recommended limit of the total
suspended partidss during cook-
ing is 120 - 150 microgrammesl-
cubic meter. However. in an
average rural Indian household. it
is about 7.000 microgrammes/-
cubic meter during cooking hours.
which varies from three to six
hours a day.
Various factors enhance the
density of totai suspended parti-
clesin the household. the main
factor being the size of the kitchen.
Most of the houses in the rural
areas are small and the provision
for ventillation is very negligible.
The result is that smoke remains
within the dwe!ling for a long time.
The other reason is the use of
multimouthed stoves.
Climatic conditions also acts as
an impediment in the release of
~
smoke frcm the cooking place.
During winter and rainy seasons.
mostly all openings are kept
cicsed as a result of which. the
~moke gets bloc~ed within the
dwellings. Moreover. the temper
ature inversion prevents the
smoke from rising.
Harmful Elects
T he effects of the inhalation of
smoke are many. Evidences
of the heart disease called 'Pul-
monate' has been traced in per-
sons who are exposed to
smoke/Inhale smoke. whiCh has till
now been found in cigarette
smokers only, Studies in the
northern part of India and Nepal
indicat~ that persons exposed to
such pollution are susceptible to
12
petroleum gas and electricity '
should be supplied to our rural
.areas without any disruption.
Another important and feasible
solution is to popularise the
smokeless stoves. Smokeless
chulhas have been made and
further improved upon by many
energy conservation and research
institutions like the Tata Energy
Research Institute, Pondicherry,
Various factors enhance the density of total suspended particles in Central Power Research Institute,
the household, the main factor being 'the size of the kitchen. Most of Bangalore, etc.
Alongwith' . extensive use of
the houses in the rural areas are small and the provision for
ventillation is very negligible. The result is that smoke remains
within the dwelling for a long time. The other reason is the use of
multimouthed stoves. Climatic conditions also acts as an impediment
smokeless chulhas, the kitchens
of our rural areas should have to
be slightly improved upon to incor-
porate proper ventillation, so that
whatever smoke forms inside the
kitchen should be freely released
in Ute release of smoke from the cooking place. During winter and outside. 'Installation of biogas
rainy seasons, mostly all openings are keept closed as a result of plants in rural houses is another
which, the smoke gets blocked within the dwellings. Moreover, the step which should be popularised.
It is economical too, as biogas
temperature inversion prevents the smoke from rising. plants could provide electricity,
cooking fuel and manure.
chronic bronchitis. It also has an
adverse effect on children and
infants. One of the main reasons
for the high morbidity and mortal-
ity rate in infants were found to be
acute respiratory infection. It is
partially due to irritation caused by
such indoor, smoke filled condi-
tions. in the rural areas and urban
slums. . .
Another smoke emitting fuel
used extensively in the rural areas
of India is biomass. Biomass
release carbon monoxide and
formaldehyde when burned.
Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas.
which reduces the haemogilobic
content in blood. Inhalation of
carbon monoxide continuously
also leads to heart diseases and
impair foetal development. .
It is a well known fact that the '
immunity power of anaemic per-
sons is very less. In India. it is
estimated that 40-50 per cent
1_---------------------------------.1
Witli 'Best Compkinmts
pre-school children. 25-30 per cent
women in reproductive age and ~rom
almost 50 per cent pregnant
women are anaemic. The harmful.
offect of carbon monoxide on our
rural women and children can be
.roughly gauged from the above '
data.
Formaldehyde. too. highly
SatkarFinancial
harmful. It causes irritation in the
eyes. nose and throat. It poisons.
the lung tissues and would exac-
erbate skin wounds. As exposure-
Corporation 1
to cigarette smoke during preg-
nancy increases the risk to mother
and child. women using biomass
as cooking fuel also are exposed
\
to similar health hazards. Excess
and co;]tinuous exposure to wood
smoke would also increase the
2651 Kucha Chelan
chances of chronic obstructive Darya Ganj, New Delhi-ll0002
lung diseases. heart diseases like
car-pulrrionate, cancer. particularly Tele. Nos. 275595. 267628
lung and nasopharyngeal. acute
respiratory diseases.
Smokeless chulhas
T he first and foremost solution
to this problem is to minimise
usage of fuelwood and biomass
for cooking. An additional benefit
of such a measure would be lesser
pressure on our already depleted
forest lands. Kerosene. liquid
1-30 July 1989
 .HE.A[.T.H. .______. .__. .__. .____. . . . . . . . . .F()It1J~

A Psycho~Socio- Medico Problem

'T h e problem of drug traf- which would enable them to pro- agenCies, ' results in the form of .more vigorously pursued in the Several steps have bflen taken
ficking and ~ misuse is a cure more 'lethal weapons. A kil- prize catches have been achieved Coming years to contain the to solve this psycho-socio-me6ico
~ multi-dimensional one ogra.m of heroine smuggled int~ in tlte last few ye~s. In January, menace of drug trafficking. Uke all prob!em. A community-based
and has assumed dan- . -New York fetches as much as ; 1986, 602 kgs. of heroin and 4565 1ransit countries India is also " approach has been adopted lor
gerous proportions. India has 'Rupeessone crore. No wonder kgs. of hashish we.re seized from jacing the dangerous .conse- the prupose to enable society \0
become a transit point of narcotic that terrorists have taken to this a truck in a farm house near :qyence of increasing drug abuse strengthen itself to deal with this
fJrugs because of its geographical source of earning a fast buck. The Bombay and in AugUst 1986, 472 :among the local population which macabre problem. It is a multi-
location. The Golden Triangle people who abet this criminal .kgs. of heroin aJongwith 1041 kgs. :of course can be checked only dimensional, multi-faceted
consisting of Thailand, Burma and action are unaware that this may of hashish were seized from a ;Wit~ the active cooperation of the approach involving medical de-
Laos and the Golden Crescent dehumanise and degenerate their truck in Bombay city. :people at large. The Ministry of toxification of addicts and their
consisting of Pakistan, Afghani- own kith and kin in the proc~ by The fight against drug trafficking ,Welfare has been entruste9 with rehabilitation. This is becalJse the
stan and lra~he major produc- reducing the youth to zombies. has to be taken up at the regia- ~ the task of . Drug Abuse. Preven- addiCt not only suffe.csJroOl phys-
ers of narcotic drug and psytropic .icaldepeAdence bUt also psycho- .
substances in the world-have 10gicatdepender:lC9.He has to be '
common borders with India. The motivated.tobe de-addicted in the
Indo-Burmese border is about India has also been cultivating opi\ill1. for meeting her first instaAce. Pta and post dQt~x
1,000 _kms long and India's medical requirements under strict licensing. However, in view of the ificalibn counsellillg for ~ecoming
common boraer with Pakistan drug free -is. very essential.
extends to 3310 kms. boom in illicit distillation for the preparation of narcotic drugs, illicit The modus oper.andi . is to
Illicit drugs from these countries ' cultivation of opium- and cannabis has also increased substantially in involve voluntary organisations in
are smuggled into India which not the whole process which includes
only find their way to lucrative
different parts of the country. . counselling, de-ddiction. and .
Western markets, but also provide after-care services; As-manyas .67.-
an impetus to consumers of these. voluntary organisations.:in different
drugs in the country itself. Legislation .nal, national and international tion. It is now an accepted fact that parts of the country are given
The Golden Triangle, the .level. Cooperation from the source drug abuse has proliferated amon- grants-in-aid to encourage thier
Golden Crescent, and Nepal in qauntries is a must. India h~ init- . gst all classes of people. A situ- activities10wardsthe prevention of
Asia .and Mexico, Colombia and I ndia is a signatory of 1961 and
1971 United Nations Convention
other countries in the Americas on Narcotic Drugs and Psycho-
iated bilateral talks in this regard .ation has now arisen where the
with Pakistan in 1987, and problem is not confined to individ- .
drug abuse and for the treatment
and rehabilitation of drug addicts.
are the chief producers pf narco- tropic Substances. The signatories arrangements are there with Nepal uals or even to individual families. It goes to the credit of the Gov-
tic drugs. The hilly terrains and have enacted several laws to and Sri Lanka for checking smug- It has acquired dangerous propor- ernment and voluntary agencies
deep forests of Burma bordering check the growing menace of drug gling. Arrangements for e~change tions and has now become a that a fair amount of succoss has
China and Thailand are fam~us for trafficking and drug abuse. India .of any related intelligence \')lith social problem. In fact combined been achieved in the creation of
. poppy cultivation. It was reported enacted the Narcotic Drugs and Burma and Thailand are in the with the prol;'em of illicit cultivation social awareness oli Drug Menace
that in 1986-87: the production Psychotropic Substances Act in offing. There is also an arrange- of opium, cannabis and such plants in ,he country. It is gratifying to see
jumped to a record 850 tonnes. the year 1985, This law has been ment with the United States of from which narcotic drugs are more and more voluntary agencies
This is likely to cross the 1,000 recently amended to give more America through a 'working group derived is the f?roblem of illicit traf- coming forward to check this
tonnes mark soon. teeth to it by including provisions on narcotics' for exchange of ficking of the same along with m,3nace which has the potential of
The Golden Crescent roughly like death penalty on second con- information in drug related mat- chemically prepared psychotropic reducing large sections of our
reprsents Pakistan, Afghanistan viction, the forfeiture of p~operty, ters. These activities have to be sUbstances. . people into worthless zombies.
and Iran. The politicat turmoil in the non-remission of sentf;lnce, the
Afghanistan and the revolution in setting up of special courts and the
Iran have somewhat adversely pre-trial disposal of seized drugs.
affected the growth and trafficking The amended Act has come into
of drugs in this region. This how- effect from May 29, this year.
ever has led to a new develop-
ment~ The tribal areas of In fact death penalty is what.
Afghanistan bordering- Pakistan awaits offenders caught for the Best Compliments
and the North-Western regions of first time in several other countries
Pakistan have now emerged as like Iran and Malayasia. from
one of the chief producers of nar-
cotic substances. Today, most of
the heroin which comes to India Narcotic Control Bureau
from this region. Nepal is also
playing no less an important role
in this field, and has become the A nodal agency, the Narcotic
Control Bureau was set up by
LUTVENS
chief pre>du~r of cannabis in this the Central Government to coor-
region. dinatA the activities of various
India has also been cultivating enforcement agencies involved in
ESTATE AGENCY
opium for meeting her medical drug-trafficking. The main func-
requirements under strict licens- .tions of the Bureau are to coordi-
ing. However, in view of the boom nate all enforcement activities of
in illicit distillation for the pre para- central and State authorities, to
tion of narcotic drugs, illicit culti- provide assistance and coopera-
Sale, Purchase, Renting Properties
vation of opium and cannabis has tion in the regional and interna-
also increased substantially in dif- tio~al arena, a~d to coordi~~te ~he
ferent parts of the' country. act~ons of dl~erent ~1~lst~les
Illegal drug manufacturing units which deal With det~~lfl~tlOn,
have been unearthed at Bareilly . treatment and . r~hablhtatlon of
and Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh, drug abuse victims. A large
Mandsur in Madhya Pradesh and number of Central and State M -71, Greater Kailash Mkt-I
Anderi in Bombay. agencies have also been empow- New Delhi-IIO 048
ered to investigate offences relat-
Big Money In Trafficking ing to drug trafficking which
include the police, customs and
he sinister and unholy alliance Central Excise.
T between terrorists and drug
traffickers has become an interna- As a result of the enforcement
Proprietor: nalbir . Singh

tional problem. The terrorists have of rules and regulations and the
found in drug trafficking big money concerted efforts of the various

1-30 July 1989

 The

~~ORUM CHILDREN/STUDENTS
IIII...................................................................
GazeHe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Professor Words DID YOU KNOW?

Jt is very important to
use right words L'l.the
right contexts.
'A word out uf season
may mar the course of (J
whole life'.
The ability to make the
right use of words is not
inherited from ancestors
or received as a gift from'
the gods. It is acquired
and developed by study.
Some words pres~nt
greater difficulties ,a nd
require more study than
oth~r words.
Here I will deal with
,some words that ' need
speci~ study and con-
stant watching.
Hotchpot~Hotchpotch:
These terms are not interchange-
able. Hotchpot is a technical law
term meaning a blending of prop
erty into a common lot for purpo
ses of an equitable division
, After seven years of meticulous
Hotchpotch i~ the general term
meaning a confused mixture, a
jUilble, a stew, or a medley. Hod-
ger-odge is a variant of hotch-
potch,
Sunlight-Slnshlne:
Sunlight is the light produced
by the sun. Sunshine is usu-
ally understood to be the direct
rays of the sun together with
the light and heat that they
produce in a specific place. We
sit in the sunshine.
Stili Continue-Continue:
The expression still continue is
,redundant since continue contains '
the idea of still. Say "He is conti-
nuing his work".
Past History-History:
"He told the court his whole past ,
history. "What other kind could he
tell? History means past events;
therefore past is superfluous.
Kln~ly-Please:
Kindly is often misused for please,
especially in business correspon- '
dence. Kindly means ig a kind !
manner. It is hardly appropriate ta l
ask , one's ' correspondent to
:lnswer, investigate, or pay in a l
I<ind manner. Say "Please look into
this"; "Please answ~r at onc;:e. ~ ,
Why distances are
ineasured In metres?
hroughout the centuries there
T have been many and varied
systems of measurement. Grad-
ually, however, man realized that
if he wished to measure the things
which interested him' with any
degree of accuracy he would have
to use a constant unit of mea-
surement.
which did nOt form a constant unit. Why weights ' are
The litre, the unit for measuring
capacity in the metric system, js ' measured in grammes?
' very closely linked to the metre. 11
is, in fact, the capacity of a con~
lainer in the shape of a cube with I t is probable that ,the need for a
unit of weight was only clearly
'realized when trading in precious ,
sides measuring one decimetre,
metals began. It was one thing te'
that is one-tenth of a metre. The
litre is equal to about one and ~alculate the approximate weight
three-quarter points. of a sack of com or a calf but quite ,
'a different matter to work out thE!
The litre was too small and
inconvenient to measure the con- weight of a quantity of gold, silver
Many ' Clifferent units of mea-' tents of a large tank and multiples or precious stones.
,surement were invented, but it There are many things which
are therefore used: the decalitre or
was not until the end of the eight- 10 litres and the hectolitre or 100 seem to point to the fact that the ,
eenth century that the need to litres. first measur~ments of weight were '
unity existing measures into a For measur.ements smaller than , very small. Even today we use the
single practiCal system was stu- a litre we use the decilitre or one- grain for \ 'eighing precious stones
died with particular attention. In tenth of litre and the centilitre or and met: ;s. In oriental countries
1790 the French National one-hundr~dth of a litre. the ~rot seed was used for cen-
. Assembly put forward a plan for turies as I unit of weight and dia-
unifying all weights and measures. .monds, 0 \ .lergems and pearls are
The Paris Academy of Sciences still weighed in carats, which isa '
was given the task of working out ' derivation from the name of the
a new system. The special com- 'caroQ" seed. ,,
mission appointed by the Aca- ,Th~ decimal metric system
demy included the ' greatest ' devised in France gives us the
scientists of the age and they gramme as the unit of weight. Of
decided unanim()usly to adopt as' course in weig~ing we also need '
the unit of length a fraction'of the a range of submultiples and multi-~
Earth's meridian. pies in order to cover very tiny
amounts of poisons, medicine,

"u~~:Book Notes~~ research the unit was finally found:

it was equal to one-forty millionth"
'precious stones, etc. and enor-
mous quantities, for example, of
part of the Earth's meridian and, large animals, machinery and
was called a metre, which is a . Ships.
' ~reek word meaning -measure- , . - - - - - - - - - - - - , -. - - -,- - - - - - - - - - -

A bookworm is not only a person who likes to read books. it

m~~manyyearsforthemetric: " STILL IN MYSTERY
sytem to be accepted throughout
i:; also an insect larva that feeds on the paste and bindings of France_ Its progress in other coun-
a book. tries has been slow and in 1875 an Mystery of the Mary Celeste ,
International Bureau of Weights ;
The'largest dictionary in the wotld is the Oxford English Die- '
and Measures was set up 01'<
tionary. It consists of 15,487 pages in 12 volumes.
international territory at Sev.res, ;
near Paris.
The longest sentence written in a novel is in Absalom, Absa- Today the metric system is used '
lom I, a novel by the American author William Faulkner. There are in many countries.
1,300 words in the sentence.

irhe first book club established in the US was the Book-of-the Why lIqulds 'are
Month ClUb. It was started in 1926 with 4,750 members.
measured In litres?
The first cookbook printed in the world was published in Italy
in 1475. Platina, a Vatican librarian, wrote the book and titled it ' The metre was made the only :
Concerning Honest Pleasure and Well Being. The instructions . unit of measurement in France : '
for cooking larks' tongues and hummingbird livers are among the , for measuring length with effect: On 5 DeCember 11372, the creW ' the Atlantic, miles :from any iano:
recipes. from 1 January 1840. It was the : . of the Dei Gratia sighted abut there was no one on board.
first but by no means the only: two-masted square rigger that was When the men entered the cap-
The Encyclopedia Brlt~nnlca was first printed in England in stage in the decimal metric steering in a rather haphazard tain's cabin, they found that the
1771. Three Scotsmen, Andrew Bell, Colin Macfarquhar, and Wil- 'system. which also included mea-, fashion. A signal was sent, but table had been laid for breakfast
liam Smellie compiled this distinguished book of information. Bri- surements of volutlie and weight; there was no reply from the silent. and there waS half-eaten food on
tannica is.the oldest continually published reference book in the together with their accompanying ' vessel. The captain and the mate ' 'tfle plates. Everything on bOard
English .Ianguage. . multiples and submultiples. ' then -rowed over to the ship and seemed quite normal; there wa~
Although the ancient p~ples ! climbed aboard. What they found , nothing to explain where the crew
An AmerIcan DIctionary of the English Language was pub- ' ~ had made some progress in the i has since proved to be one ofthe had gohe, or why. To this day no
lished in two volomes by Noah Webster in 1828 after many years measurement of length, for the greatest mysteries of the sea. one has given-a plausible answer
01 study~ He studied 26 languages to find the origin of the 70,000 measurement of capacity they The vessel was in the middle of, to this maritime puzzle.
words in his American dictionary. Webster "Americanized" the were confined to using the hollow I------....;..~----------""----'---...;.- . . . .-----
spelling of many words. For example, he changed the British spel- of the hand or some other -Compiled by AC Razia .
ling of colour to the American spelling color. e,xtremely ele.men~~ry ..c!?!ltainer

14 1:;30 JUlY 1989

 SPORTS
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 '
FORUM a.zette

Sanctions Against South Africa Lord's Test-

Cricket And the A Statistical View

Sports Boycott
Guyana Takes A Stand
By Sam 'R amsamy uyana became the first country
G to demonstrate its anti-
lpartheid stance. when, in 1980,
n January this year, E"9land
whhdraw the invitation.
The English tour to the West
Indies, scheduled for 1989-90,
was also in jeopardy.
The threat of a total boycott of
continufid from page 16 Captain Allan Border missed the
against all countries is: Played coveted 8,000 mark by seveI"'
487, won 199, lost 143. drawn 145 runs. He needed 43 runs to touch
including two tied matches. Eng- the mark but could score only 35
land's playing record is: Played . lind orie in his two innings.
653, won 230, lost 176, drawn
247. Mark Taylor followed up his first
Test heroics of 138 and 60 with 62
~wer won the toss for the and 27 in this Test.
second time and elected to bat.
His captaincy record now Steve Waugh also followed his
read-16 defeats. five victories first Test century with 152 and

I
finally conceded that the '!nks
its cricketers have with apar-
theid South Africa had to be
~bandoried if it is to Continue har-
monious exchanges with the rest
of the world. As a result, the 25
'Countries attending the Interna-
tional Cricket Conference Speeial
Meeting in London voted uriani'-
mously to impose a ban on orick-
eters who in future maintain links
with apartheid sport.
t1Vhe ban, which came into effect
o~pril 1st, is bound to ~ as a
deterrent to English cricketers who
look to South Africa for offse~son
sunshine and earnings. Any crick-
.eter who visits South Africa, as
player, eoach or administrator,
now, faces automatic suspension
from representative cricket. This
' applies also to any exchange
taking place ou'tside South Africa
. with a team consisting mainly nf
South Africans. I ne tldll IS to' last
for three years if the defaulter is
under 19, and four if he is over 19.
IT bimed,a lf1ember'of tne England,
tou~ingteam :scheduled to playa
Test match in Georgetown.
[hereafier, England ' became a
~entre onocus, and English tours
of India and the West Indies were
often mafked by protests. The
pace set by Guyana 'gained
momentum, and soon Bangladesh
and Berlo ""da refused to allow
anyone with South African ties to
play cricket in their countries.
England was the only major
cricket-playing country to insist on
selecting players for its national
teams irrespective , of their links
'wit~ apartheid South Africa. The
English Test and COunty Cricket
:Board (TCCBJ fabricated a series
of pretexts for continuing links with
apartheid cricket, claiming that it
was not possible to curb the flow
of cricketers to South Africa. The
pretexts ranged from the old-
fashioned 'libertarian' principle o~
allowing freedom of movement to
citizens, to not wanting to gel
involved in legal arguments
England teams was now very real.
There were to be no more tours of
the 'Black nations, ana It would not
have needed much pressure for
Australia and New Zealand to fall
into line. Faced with the threat of
isolation, England had to suc-
cumb. At the ICC meeting on Jan-
uary 23rd-24th, England accepted
the proposal to ban players going
to South Africa after April.
The decision, backed by all ICC
countries, was greeted as bad
news by the supporters of the
White-controlled South African
Cricket Union. They felt shocked
and disappointed that their long-
time ally, England, had finally been
forced to abandon them.
The anti-apartheid South African
Cricket Board, however, wel-
comed the ban as a major gain in
the protracted campaign against
South .Africa's 'cheque-book'
cricket offensive
and seven draws in a total of 28 21 in this Test. He has now
matches. aggregated 350 runs without
England made fou . changes
from the first Test team: Mike Gat-
ting. John Embury. Jarvis and
Dilley replacing Lamb. D. Pringle,
P. Newport and P. Defractas.
For England. opener G. Gooch
scored 60 & 0 in the two innings.
It marked his 29th Ff:y and ninth
zero .
Gower scorAd 57 and 1O~is
36th fifty and 15th century.
Robin Smith's 96 in the second
innings in his highest score sur-
passing 66 in the first Test. This is
his third fifty in Tesl cricket.
For Australia, David Boon scored
94 and 58 not out which are his
12th and 13th fifties in Test cricket.
being dismissed.
Geoff Lawson scored 74 in the
!irst innings which is his highest
score in Test cricket, surpassing
the previous best of 57 not out.
Terry Alderman bagged 3 wick-
ets for 60 runs and 6 wickets for
128 runs in the two innings. His
haul .o f 6/128 is the eighth time of
his pocketing half the side. When
he took his first wicket in the
second innings, he completed his
100 victims in Test cricket. He ia
the 22nd Australian to capture
three digital wicksts. With a haul
of 10/151 in the first Test, he has
aggregated to 19 wickets for 339
runs in the two Tests and overall,
his analysis read 105 wickets for
3105 runs in 26 Tests.

Anyone who has been a member
of a rebel touring team will be
banned for five years.
Since 1980, the BlaCk Test-
FORUM
regarding so-called restraint of
trade legislation were exaggerated
beyond all proportion.
Gazette

C ing countries within the Inter-

.Ional Cricket Confarence (ICC),
the world cricket governing body,
have been campaigning to
exclude from representative
cricket anyone who takes part in
sports events in' South Africa. The
overwhelming majority of ICC
member nations were in favour of
imposing the ban, but the oppo-
sition of England had to be over-
come, as England holds a veto
,vote at ICC meetings.
The matter caMe to a head in A NATIONAL FORTNIGHTLY FOCUSSING ON
1988, when England was sche-
duled to tour india. At least eight
members of the touring squad had
'played in South Africa, and this Minority Rights Civil Uberties Equality for Women
was unacceptable to India. Eng-
land refused to repl.ace these
Democratic Values Environmental protection
cricketer~ and the tour was can-
celled.
PLUS:
Cinema Sport Books People Short Stories
Support f:or India
SUBSCRIPTION FORM
E ngland ttientrjed to gel New
Zealand to organise a triangu-
lar tournament,involving Pakistan;
The Manager
The Forum Gazette
SUBSCRIPTION NO

3, Masjid Road, Jangpura,

When the ICC Was established
in 1909, veto votes were given to
the three founding members: Eng-
land, Australia and South Africa.
Until July 1.,965, the Conference.
was known liS thelm~rial Cricket
Conference, and only Common-
we8lth countries could become
members; and so, when South
Africa was forced to leave the
Commonwealth in 1961, it had to
give up its memberShip of the ICC. '
Therefore, only England and
Australia were left with the vital
~eto vote. South Africa triad m'any
times to regain affiliation to thit
,cC, but was continuously bIock8d
by India, Pakistanand the w.&t
Indies, the major Black Test-
playing countrie~.
an event designed to compensate
for the loss of the Indian tour. This
backfired badly because Pakistan,
!llso known for its opposition to
apartheid,refused to ~ in
the event.
The New Zealand Gov-
ernment and the national anti-
apartheid organisation, Halt All
RaCist Tours (HART) said at that
time that the English tour would be
an insult to India and the interna-
tional anti-apartheid campaign,
and.that it would seriously under-
mine efforts by the ICC countries
to im~ sanctions against South
African cricket. HART threatened
widespread demonstrations if the
tour went ahead. This forced the
New Zealand cricket authorities to
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Registered with the Registrar of Newspapers of India Reg. No. 45763 Delhi Postal Registration No. D (SE) 15/86

F()It1J~.""""""""""""""""7.S.PO.R_TS
Border Crosses
Another Landmark
By N avin Chand

goodbye to Test cricke t. Brearley's othElrwise triumphant

A. f:"
lIan Border, the Au stralian
captain and dependable
middle-order batsm an,
:s inchi ng towards the
C;u"i! GClvaskar's all-time high
record of 10,122 runs , And in this
race, he has an edge over the rest
of the cc ntemporary cricketers
nam6 l" Vivi<in Richards, Javed
Miandad a,ld David Gower.
Indian opener, Sun il Gavaskar,
outd id bo1h of them and became
the third member of the august
body. The little master set an all
time hig h Himalayan record of
10,122 ru ns from 125 Tests/214
innings. Now four cricketers are in
neck to neck race to catch up the
record of Indian run-machine.
Obviously Border enjoys an
English side even though Allan's
personal contribution was only 29
and zero run ou~.
Border took over the captaincy
in 1984 when Kim Hughes sud-
denly resigned after twq consec-
utive defeats against the touring
Caribbean team . The young
Border, leading Australia for the
first time, surprised the cricket-
p u ndit~ by winn ing the last Test

In the first innings of the third Test against West Indies and thereby
preventing another total-wash.
3gainst England at Edgbaston, Border A remarkable aspect of Border's
batting is that he has the temper-
achieved another landmark in his ament and undoubted skills to stay
illustrious career when he completed his at the crease. He is elegant, dedi-
cated, determined and has worked
personal aggregate of 8,000 runs in Test dilligently to become the mainstay
of Australian batting. Quite many
cricket. He n(IW joins the elite club of a times, he had been instrumental
three other cricketers who have scored in lifting the side from a wretched
start to height of glory.
over 8,000 runs. Nevertheless, in the current
series. Border is heading towards Allan Border
personal glory.
In the first innings of the third edge over others with 8,001 runs
T~~ t against England at Edgbas- from 104 T estsI184 innings. Vivian .,
tun , Border achieved another Rihards of West Indies is secood
:andma~k in his illustrious career in the tine with 7849 runs from 108 ' r---T--~--------------~-T---~
~'/hen ht:! completed his personal
3.ggregate of 8,000 runs in Test
T est5l161 innings_ Javed Miandad
of Pakistan is not far behind. He
II ' I THE
,' \ , I

l.,'icket. He got this mark when his

~cor9 reached seven out of his
Innings llf eight runs, It was his l04th
i est and 184th innings for Australia
Murder new joins the elite club
vf th~ec olb::!r c:ricketers who have
scored over 8,000 runs in Test
cricl-.et. The frist cricketer to
~c"ieve tha mark was Sir Gary
Sob<:rs (Ii We~t Indies. The legen-
dary left-har~ded all rounder
scorer! 6 .032 _ runs from 93
Tests: 1 FO innings before retiring
i (01 n Tast cricket io the early sev-
ent:as ,
has 7422 runs from 97 Testsl148
innings. David Gower, the captain
of English team against Borders
~_/ 90 DEGREE "--~
Aussies, is not out of the race as
many would believe it to be. He
has also crossed 7000 runs ADVANTAGE
in Tests and by the end of the
current s'e ries. should be
able to catch with Pakistan middle
FOR . -
)
order batsman.
Born on July 27, 1955, in Cre- 100 PERCENT_-1
marne, a tranquil fashionable
northern harbourside suburb of
Sydney, Allan heralded his arrival
in international cricket in 1978,
i--'\ VISIBILITY /- l
L ___ ___________________ ___
~ ~ ~

Gecff Boycott, the former when the majority of the estab-

ojJen~r of Er.gland, was the lished Australians were lured away
: eco!1d criCKeter to cross the by the Kerry Packer's World
landmarK. He broke Sobers' Series Cricket It was a chance
' er.ord and set another record of that young Border grabbed with-
8,114 runs from 108 Tests/193 out any mistake. His debut
in nings before disputes with the seemed a happy potent for the
authorities forced him to bid match was won against Mike
Lord~s Test-A Statistical View
the visitors. AustrarJa now lead 2-0
in the six-TeSts series. This is the
first time since 1948, that the
Australian side has won two con-
secutive Tests in a series in Eng-
. land_
This was the 1122nd interna-
The FST 51 R. We made it by cutting corners
and taking sidesl
To begin with. we gave the screen a 90 degree
square-edge (fulf square lube) to offer y<xdull-
frame visibility and extra picture in comparison
to conventional curve-edged screens.
Next, we placed the two speakers on
the side panels and provided them
with adjustable flaps for perfect sound
,displacement in any part of the room_
And what's lllOf'e, we used a SpecIal
tinted picture tube with an optimum
transparency ratio for sharper contrast
I!I-'.' and long hours of less
strenuous televiewing,

~ ~1I1!::!iIi!5~~~~
tional Test in chronological order
and 265th match between the two
teams. Australia have an edge
w ith 99 victories against 88
defeats with 78 Tests drawn
1 11'6-channel auto scanning; automatic
frequency. voltage. brightness.contrast
O . .colour control; burst Cleaning .
and
circuit; elegant cabinet design;
multi-function infra-red wireless
remote control FST S1 R
T he second Test between
England and Australia p!ayed
against England.
Colour TV with remote eontrol

1~ The right chOice

at lord's, lond,:; n from June 2~ to Australia's overall playing record
27, end ed in six-wicke. victory for cOntinued on page 15

16 1-30 July 1989

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