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audio signal.
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Envelope
1.
, amplitude ,
,
.
.
.
,
, .

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amplitude peak value.

,
-- peak to peak value.

1.1
(RMS value)

(

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:

xi
1 n 2 x12 x 22 x 32 ... x 2n
x RMS
n i1 n


, RMS
:


1
x RMS [ x( t )]2 dt
T2

T2 T1 T1

xP
x RMS
2
2.
(
())
. :
=/f
, , f
( Hz).

. , 30Hz 30
( ) 1
1/30 .
:
=1/f
.
PEAK TO PEAK

1.1 .
(amplitude), (wavelength),
.
:
30Hz.
, 343m/sec.
:
=c/f, =343/30=11,433m
Na
300Hz. :
=343/300=1,143m
, 1000Hz :
=343/1000=0,343m,
10.000Hz :
343/10.000=0,0343m.

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3.
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. SI Hertz
(), (Heinrich Rudolf Hertz),
. (1) Hz (Hertz), ,
.

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..
. Hz
kHz (=1000 Hz) MHz
1.000.000 Hz.

3.1
(f)
.
:

1
F , T F .
T

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20 20.000z.
10 kHz, (. , , ).
, 20 kHz
, 20 z
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3.2
(..
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, f
:


f

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= c, c :

c
f


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3.3

. ( ,
, 20-20.000 Hz ).

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SM58 Shure. , ()
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dB
(deciBel).

(
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dB, , .

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20 20Hz.
( -
) .

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4.
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0 C
, 331 m/sec.
, 60
. .. 10 C
6 ., 337 .
...
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, 1.435 m/sec 8C.

. 1.000 m/sec (
5070 ., 3971 ., 1320 .)
, U
U = O(/e)
e . Laplace
.
U = O (./e) C/C
(C)
(C),
. Laplace U = UoO(1+) U0
0 C,
( = 1/273 grad-1).


U = ..
(,
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() 16 20.000 .
' 16
20.000 .
.

5.


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( )
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5.1

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, 500-Hz
0,002 SEC. , 500Hz
0,001 SEC (. ),
180.


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6.
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overtones.
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, 440 Hz
( 1.6). 880Hz
440Hz ( 1.6).
, 440Hz
, 880Hz
,
440 Hz, (. 1320 Hz) ( 1.6).
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,
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1.6 .

1.6 1.6.
1.6 1.6.


(
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(A3), 880 Hz (A4)
. 880Hz
1760Hz (A5) 880. , 880Hz
440Hz, 1760Hz 440Hz,
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1.7

1.7 .

7. Envelope
, envelope


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envelope
. envelope

.
envelope
:

Attack Time.
(
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attack pads
synthesizers crescendo
.

Decay Time.
attack,
(sustain) .

Sustain.
attack
.

.

Release time.
( ).
. release time
,

, .

: (
initial amplitude), ( time duration),
( amplitude variation). 1.9a
envelope . attack, decay,
, .
2.19b envelope .
attack
release ,
.

1.7 attack, decay, sustain, release.

1.7 .

1.7 .

1.9 .
1.7
attack sustain
release
.

,
( RMS) .
,

. ,
, .
envelope
,
attack, decay (
attack), sustain, release
time. : ADSR (Attack, Decay, Sustain,
Release) envelope.



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