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audio signal.
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Envelope
1.
, amplitude ,
,
.
.
.
,
, .
.
, ,
, .
amplitude peak value.
,
-- peak to peak value.
1.1
(RMS value)
(
, ).
:
xi
1 n 2 x12 x 22 x 32 ... x 2n
x RMS
n i1 n
, RMS
:
1
x RMS [ x( t )]2 dt
T2
T2 T1 T1
xP
x RMS
2
2.
(
())
. :
=/f
, , f
( Hz).
. , 30Hz 30
( ) 1
1/30 .
:
=1/f
.
PEAK TO PEAK
1.1 .
(amplitude), (wavelength),
.
:
30Hz.
, 343m/sec.
:
=c/f, =343/30=11,433m
Na
300Hz. :
=343/300=1,143m
, 1000Hz :
=343/1000=0,343m,
10.000Hz :
343/10.000=0,0343m.
,
, , .
3.
,
. ,
. SI Hertz
(), (Heinrich Rudolf Hertz),
. (1) Hz (Hertz), ,
.
.
, ,
() .
..
. Hz
kHz (=1000 Hz) MHz
1.000.000 Hz.
3.1
(f)
.
:
1
F , T F .
T
,
20 20.000z.
10 kHz, (. , , ).
, 20 kHz
, 20 z
. ,
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3.2
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:
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c
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3.3
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SM58 Shure. , ()
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dB
(deciBel).
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,
dB, , .
,
20 20Hz.
( -
) .
,
.
,
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4.
.
0 C
, 331 m/sec.
, 60
. .. 10 C
6 ., 337 .
...
.
.
, 1.435 m/sec 8C.
. 1.000 m/sec (
5070 ., 3971 ., 1320 .)
, U
U = O(/e)
e . Laplace
.
U = O (./e) C/C
(C)
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( = 1/273 grad-1).
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20.000 .
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5.
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0,002 SEC. , 500Hz
0,001 SEC (. ),
180.
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6.
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.
overtones.
.
, 440 Hz
( 1.6). 880Hz
440Hz ( 1.6).
, 440Hz
, 880Hz
,
440 Hz, (. 1320 Hz) ( 1.6).
, , ,
,
.
1.6 .
1.6 1.6.
1.6 1.6.
(
). , 440 Hz
(A3), 880 Hz (A4)
. 880Hz
1760Hz (A5) 880. , 880Hz
440Hz, 1760Hz 440Hz,
..... ()
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1.7
1.7 .
7. Envelope
, envelope
.
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.
,
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,
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,
.
envelope
. envelope
.
envelope
:
Attack Time.
(
). ,
. ,
.
attack pads
synthesizers crescendo
.
Decay Time.
attack,
(sustain) .
Sustain.
attack
.
.
Release time.
( ).
. release time
,
, .
: (
initial amplitude), ( time duration),
( amplitude variation). 1.9a
envelope . attack, decay,
, .
2.19b envelope .
attack
release ,
.
1.7 .
1.7 .
1.9 .
1.7
attack sustain
release
.
,
( RMS) .
,
. ,
, .
envelope
,
attack, decay (
attack), sustain, release
time. : ADSR (Attack, Decay, Sustain,
Release) envelope.
.
- , , -
.
, ,
,
, .
- .