BRITISH STANDARD BS 5649-8:

1982
EN 40-8

Lighting columns
Part 8: Method for verification of
structural design by testing

The European Standard EN 40-8 was given, as from 29 October 1982 the status
of a British Standard and will replace the relevant requirements of BS 1308,
BS 1840 and BS 3989 (see national foreword).

UDC 624.971:628.971:620.17
BS 5649-8:1982

Cooperating organizations

The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this

European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following Western European countries.

Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut belge de normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y.
France Association franaise de normalisation
Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.
Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization
Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund
Portugal Instituto Portugus de Qualidade
Spain Instituto Espaol de Normalizacin
Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige
Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution

This British Standard was

published under the
authority of the Board of BSI
and comes into effect on Amendments issued since publication
29 October 1982

BSI 06-1999 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference RDB/28
Draft for comment 77/10156 DC

ISBN 0 580 12893 8

 BS 5649-8:1982

Contents

Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Brief history 2
Foreword 2
1 Scope and field of application 3
2 General 3
3 Preparation for test 3
4 Period of vibration 3
5 Application of the forces 3
6 Ultimate load test 4
7 Acceptance criteria 4
8 Permissible modification to type tested column 4
Annex A National particularities 5
Annex B Report on type testing as specified in EN 40-8 5
Annex C Certificate for the type test specified in EN 40-8 7
National appendix A 8
National appendix B 8
Publications referred to Inside back cover

BSI 06-1999 i
BS 5649-8:1982

National foreword

BS 5649 will be issued in Parts as they are completed and approved, and until the
first nine Parts are published it will not be possible to supersede the present
British Standards for lighting columns. As the Parts are issued recommendations
will be given for their implementation together with a list of clauses in the
existing standards which they will eventually supersede. It is hoped that a
gradual change-over will be obtained which will terminate with the total
withdrawal of the existing standards.
The British Standards affected by BS 5649-8 are BS 1308, BS 1840 and BS 3989,
specifications for concrete, steel and aluminium street lighting columns
respectively.
It is anticipated that the affected clauses in the existing standards will be
withdrawn in accordance with the following timetable:
BS 1840 and BS 3989: One year from the publication of this Part of this
standard
BS 1308: Three years from the date of the last Part published, of Parts 3 to 9
of this standard
BS 5649-8 covers some or all of the requirements also covered in the following
clauses of the existing British Standards.
BS 1308
1.19 Age at test
2.4 Structural strength (type test) reinforced concrete
2.4.1 Column
2.4.2 Bracket
2.4.3 Requirement
3.7 Structural strength (type test) prestressed concrete
3.7.1 Column
3.7.2 Bracket
3.7.3 Requirement
Appendix B Structural test for columns
Appendix C Structural test for brackets
BS 1840
19 Maximum deflection
BS 3989
18 Deflection due to wind loads
19 Structural strength
Appendix B General arrangement for carrying out tests for deflection and
structural strength
Appendix C Test for deflection due to wind loads
Appendix D Test of structural strength
It should be noted that the work on the further Part, dealing with special
requirements for plastics columns and mentioned in the CEN foreword, is not
now to proceed.
National appendix B relates to clause 3 of EN 40-8:1982.
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.

ii BSI 06-1999
 BS 5649-8:1982

Convention. In this European Standard the comma has been used as a decimal
marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the
baseline as the decimal marker.

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

BSI 06-1999 iii

iv blank
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 40
Part 8
NORME EUROPENNE Edition 1
February 1982
EUROPISCHE NORM

UDC 624.971:628.971:620.17

Key words: Luminaire, lighting column, street lighting, structural design, tests, type tests, test results

English version

Lighting columns
Part 8: Verification of structural design by testing

Candlabres dclairage public Lichtmaste

Vrification du projet au moyen dessais Festigkeitsnachweis durch Versuche

This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 1981-04-13. The CEN

members are bound to adhere to the CEN Internal Regulations which specify
under which conditions this European Standard has to be given, without any
alteration, the status of a national standard.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretariat or to
any CEN member.
This European Standard is established by CEN in three official versions
(English, French, German). A translation made by another member under its
own responsibility, in its own language, and notified to CEN has the same
status.
CEN members are the national standards organizations of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

Copyright reserved to all CEN members

EN 40-8

Brief history
This European Standard was drawn up by the
Technical Committee CEN/TC 50 Lighting
columns and spigots, the Secretariat of which is
held by BSI.
This European Standard was adopted by CEN on
the strength of its acceptance by the following
member countries:
France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain,
Switzerland, United Kingdom.

Foreword
This European Standard was drawn up by the
member countries of CEN/TC 50, Austria, Belgium,
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland
and United Kingdom (Secretariat).
The standard EN 40, Lighting columns consists of
the following Parts:
Part 1: Definitions and terms;
Part 2: Dimensions and tolerances;
Part 3: Materials;
Part 4: Surface protection of metal lighting
columns;
Part 5: Base compartments and cableways;
Part 6: Loads;
Part 7: Verification of structural design by
calculation1);
Part 8: Verification of structural design by
testing;
Part 9: Special requirements for reinforced and
prestressed concrete lighting columns.
A further Part dealing with special requirements for
plastics columns is in preparation.

1) At present still a draft.

2 BSI 06-1999
 EN 40-8

1 Scope and field of application

The structural design of a lighting column shall be verified by calculation or if the manufacturer considers
it necessary it can be verified by testing.
This European Standard specifies the criteria to be used when verifying the structural design of a lighting
column by type testing. It does not cover testing for quality control purposes.
It applies to post top columns < 20 m nominal height and to columns with brackets < 18 m nominal height.
It does not take into account effects caused by the shedding of vortices (Karman turbulence) nor effects
caused by the attachment of signs, overhead wires, etc.

2 General
A test report shall describe the method of testing in detail and give at least the information listed in
Annex B. A type test certificate shall contain at least the information listed in Annex C.
The age of concrete columns at the time of testing shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer but shall
not exceed 35 days.
For columns made of plastics see special conditions (in course of preparation).

3 Preparation for test

The column to be tested shall be representative of the production columns in dimensions and strength of
materials.
The post top column or the column with bracket shall be tested either in the vertical or horizontal position,
whichever is the more convenient. When testing the column in the horizontal position the dead loads
resulting from testing in this position shall be taken into account.
During the test the column shall be rigidly fixed over its planting depth. The upper support point shall
coincide with the intended ground level. Columns with flange plates shall be bolted to a suitable fixture
using bolts of the size specified for the final erection of the columns.
The type test of a column shall be carried out with a stated bracket projection, if any, and a relative position
of door and bracket and the combined bending and torsional moment (calculated in accordance with
EN 40-6) for which the column is designed.
Before carrying out the tests described in clause 5, the column may be loaded once and then unloaded,
provided that the applied load does not exceed that calculated in accordance with EN 40-6 with a value
of k = 1,0.

4 Period of vibration
The period of vibration T for the determination of in accordance with Figure 1 of EN 40-6 shall be
obtained either by calculation or by testing. The value so obtained shall be used for the calculation of the
loads in accordance with EN 40-6.

5 Application of the forces

Forces acting simultaneously shall be applied so that the moments caused at the critical points in the
column are at least equal to the moments resulting from the design loads. At all other points the moments
shall be not less than 95 % of the moments resulting from the design loads. It is permissible for the
moments resulting from the test loads to exceed those resulting from the design loads at the discretion of
the column manufacturer.
The forces shall be applied by dead weights or by means of devices guaranteeing sufficient accuracy.
For columns with brackets, the vertical forces corresponding to the masses of the lantern and the part of
the bracket deviating from the vertical shall be applied first.
The vertical deflection of the lantern connection caused by the vertical forces shall be measured and
entered in the test report. The vertical forces shall remain applied during the design load test.
To simulate the design load, the horizontal forces shall be applied in stages by means of at least five
approximately equal incremental loads up to the maximum value. One of the five incremental loads shall
correspond to the load arising from a k factor of 1,0. For this incremental load and for the full design load,
the horizontal deflection at the lantern connection shall be measured and entered in the test report.

BSI 06-1999 3
EN 40-8

Forces shall be maintained for at least 1 min after the column has stabilized before measuring deflections.
After unloading, the permanent linear horizontal deflection shall be recorded.

6 Ultimate load test

The forces used to simulate the horizontal and vertical design loads shall gradually be proportionally
increased until the limit where the column is incapable of supporting further load.

7 Acceptance criteria
If all the following requirements are satisfied, the column shall be deemed to have successfully passed the
test and the structural design for that type of column verified:
a) The vertical deflection of the lantern connection caused by the vertical forces shall not exceed the
value of 0,025 w (see EN 40-2).
b) The temporary horizontal deflection of the lantern connection caused during the load test by the
incremental load due to the horizontal forces corresponding to the value of k = 1,0 shall not exceed the
value of 0,04 (h + w) (see EN 40-2).
c) For steel and aluminium alloy columns, the residual deflection after removal of the design load shall
be no greater than 10 % of the deflection caused by the design load.
d) For concrete columns, the residual deflection after removal of the design load shall be no greater
than 20 % of the deflection caused by the design load.
e) The ultimate load achieved shall be not less than the design load multiplied by the ultimate load
factor u. The factor u shall be obtained by multiplying t taken from Annex A by the ratio of the
strength of the material in the test column to the specified strength stated on the design drawings and
by the greatest ratio of the moment of inertia of the test column to the moment of inertia of the column
shown on the design drawings for any of the cross sections listed below.
test column material strength test column inertia
u = t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
specified material strength specified inertia
The ratios shall not be included if less than 1.
Where more than one material or batch of material is used in the construction of the test column, the most
unfavourable ratio shall be adopted.
Critical cross sections:
1) The point at which the column is fixed (normally at ground level).
2) The lower edge of the door opening(s). If two or more door openings are provided the strength of each
opening shall be verified.
3) The point at which the bracket begins if the column and bracket consist of one piece, or the point at
which the bracket is attached if the bracket is detachable.
4) Transition from one diameter to another when the column is stepped.
5) Any other critical position, e.g. change of material thickness.
For metal the material strength shall be the yield stress or 0,2 % proof stress. For concrete the material
strength shall be as defined in EN 40-9 and shall be determined from test pieces cast at the same time as
the test column and made from the same batch.

8 Permissible modification to type tested column

If the greatest effective loads differ from the design loads, e.g. as a result of a change in the specified wind
load or lantern area, the bending and torsional moments shall be calculated as specified in EN 40-6
for k = 1,0 and for the design k value. If the moments thus calculated show that the bending and torsional
moments do not at any point exceed the moments produced in the test, the type test shall be considered
adequate.

4 BSI 06-1999
 EN 40-8

Annex A National particularities

A.1 In clause 7 b) the deflection limit is 0,02 (h + w) in Belgium and 0,025 (h + w) in the Netherlands.
A.2 t factors for clause 7 e).
Country t factors Source

Finland 1,3 RIL 59, RIL 87 and

RIL 90 (SFS 3200)
France 1 Rgle CM 66
Italy 1,5 CNR UNI 10011-73
Netherlands 1,2
Switzerland 1
United Kingdom 1,25

RIL 59 Code for loading

RIL 87 Aluminium structures
RIL 90 (SFS 3200) Steel structures
Rgle CM66 Rgles de calcul des constructions en acier
CNR UNI 10011-73 Costruzioni di acciaio Istruxioni per il calcolo, lesecuzione e la
manutenzione (Steel structures Instructions for design, construction and
maintenance)

Annex B Lighting columns: report on type testing as specified in EN 40-8

________________________________________________________________________________________________
Column type____________________Production no.____________________Production date_______________
Nominal height h____________m Bracket projection w______________m Lantern_____________
k =____________________________
Ultimate load factor u = _______________________________
[as defined in clause 7 e)]
Relationship between positions of door opening and bracket(s) on tested column.
Forces required to simulate the design loads.
Application point of the forces Direction Forces

k = 1,0 load 100 % design load Ultimate load

N N N

Lantern connection vertical

Lantern connection horizontal
Brackets ........ m
distant from the
longitudinal axis vertical
of the column horizontal

shaft

Bracket connection horizontal

........ m above ground level horizontal
........ m above ground level horizontal
........ m above ground level horizontal
NOTE The dimensions of the tested column are given in a special drawing attached to this test report.

BSI 06-1999 5
EN 40-8

Design and test moments and resulting deflections

a) Vertical forces.
The vertical deflection of the lantern connection caused by the vertical forces is_________m
b) Horizontal forces.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

% of the Type of Moment at Moment Moment Moment at Moment Deflection Permanent

design load moment the bracket at ...... m at ...... m lower edge at under deflection
connection above above of the door ground load after
ground level ground level opening level removal of
loads

Nm Nm Nm Nm Nm m m

Design
BM
Design
TM
k =1,0
Test
BM
Test
TM

Design
BM
Design
TM
100%
Test
BM
Test
TM

Test
Ultimate BM
load Test
TM
NOTE Column 1. See clause 5.
Column 2. BM = bending moment; TM = torsional moment.
Columns 4 and 5 apply for points with significant changes of section.

6 BSI 06-1999
 EN 40-8

Annex C Lighting columns: certificate for the type test specified in EN 40-8
Column type______________Production no.__________________Production date__________________
Nominal height h_________m Bracket projection w___________m Lantern______________________
k =______________________
Ultimate load factor u =______________________
[as defined in clause 7 e)]
Style of bracket:
one, two or several arms
Relationship between positions of door opening and bracket(s) on tested column.
The dimensions of the tested column are given in a special drawing attached to this certificate.
Results of the type test
Vertical deflection of the lantern connection ___________________m
Horizontal deflection of the lantern connection
under the incremental load corresponding to k = 1,0 __________ m
Horizontal deflection of lantern connection at the
design load ________________ m
Residual horizontal deflection of the lantern
connection after removal of the design load ___________________m
Recovery as a percentage of deflection at design load ____________ %
Ultimate load as a percentage of design load ___________ %

Certification
It is certified that the above specified lighting column was tested in accordance with EN 40-8:1982 and that
the results of the test lie within the limits specified in clause 7. The structural design of this type of column
is therefore deemed as verified.
Date: Issued on behalf of:
Signature:

BSI 06-1999 7
BS 5649-8:1982

National appendix A
The UK participation in the preparation of this European standard came under the direction of the Road
Engineering Standards Committee of BSI. The following organizations were involved in the work on this
standard:

Aluminium Federation
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
British Steel Industry
Cement and Concrete Association
County Surveyors Society
Department of Transport
Design Council
Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales
Institution of Highway Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Municipal Engineers
Institution of Public Lighting Engineers
Lighting Column Manufacturers Association
Lighting Industry Federation Ltd.

National appendix B
Clause 3 states that The type test of a column shall be carried out with a stated ........ relative position of
door and bracket. Therefore, if the purchaser intends to use some other relative position of door and
bracket he should ascertain from the supplier whether the proposed relationship could cause a more severe
effect on the column.

8 BSI 06-1999
 BS 5649-8:1982

Publications referred to

BS 1308, Concrete street lighting columns2).

BS 1840, Steel columns for street lighting2).
BS 3989, Aluminium street lighting columns2).
EN 40 (BS 5649), Lighting columns.
EN 40-1 (BS 5649), Definitions and terms3).
EN 40-2 (BS 5649), Dimensions and tolerances.
EN 40-3 (BS 5649), Specification for materials and welding requirements4).
EN 40-4 (BS 5649), Recommendations for surface protection of metal lighting columns3).
EN 40-5 (BS 5649), Specification for base compartments and cableways3).
EN 40-6 (BS 5649), Specification for design loads.
EN 40-7 (BS 5649), Method for verification of structural design by calculation5).
EN 40-8 (BS 5649), Method for verification of structural design by testing.
EN 40-9 (BS 5649), Specification of special requirements for reinforced and prestressed concrete lighting
columns.

2)
Referred to in the national foreword only;
3)
Referred to in the foreword only.
4)
BS 5649-3 includes an additional (national) clause concerning welding; it is otherwise technically equivalent to EN 40-3
(see foreword of BS 5649-3 for details).
5)
At present still a draft.

BSI 06-1999
BS 5649-8:
1982
EN 40-8 BSI British Standards Institution
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