SPM Biology Tingkatan 4 Sains - Kertas 3 ujian julai Kertas 3

1.Problem statement:
What is the effect of the concentration of a substrate on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction?

Aim of investigation:
To investigate the effect of the concentration of a substrate on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed
reaction.

Variables:
Manipulated: The substrate concentration (concentration of starch)
Responding: The rate of reaction
Constant: The volume of saliva, temperature, pH of the medium

Hypothesis:
When the substrate concentration increases, the rate of the enzymecatalysed reaction also increases,
until it reaches a certain point at which the rate of reaction becomes constant.

Materials:
Starch solutions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%), iodine solution and distilled water

Apparatus:
Test tube, syringe, dropper, glass rod, beaker, white tiles, stopwatch Technique used:
Record the time taken for the hydrolysis of starch to be completed

Procedure:
1. A small amount of saliva is collected in a beaker and it is diluted with distilled water of the same
volume.
2. Five test tubes are taken and labelled A, B, C, D and E.
3. 5 cm3 of starch solution of different concentrations are transferred into test tubes A, B, C, D and E
as shown in the table below.

4. 1 cm3 of saliva is poured into test tube Aand the stopwatch is started immediately.
5. Using a dropper, a small amount of mixture is taken out from test tube Aand dropped onto the
drop of iodine on the white tile.
6. The iodine test is carried out every 30 seconds until the colour of the iodine solution on the white
tile does not change from brown to dark blue when the mixture from test tube Ais added to it.
7. The time taken is recorded when the colour of the iodine solution does not change.
 8. Steps 4 to 7 are repeated for the other test tubes.

Conclusion:
When the substrate concentration increases, the rate of the enzyme-catalysed reaction increases until
it reaches a certain point at which the rate of reaction becomes constant. The hypothesis is true.
2.(a)

(b) Diagram 1.2: Initial temperature (t1) = 30C

Diagram 1.3: Initial temperature (t1) = 31C
(c) Diagram 1.4: Final temperature (t2) = 45C
Diagram 1.5: Final temperature (t2) = 35C
(d) The peanut contains mainly lipids whereas the dried prawn contains mainly proteins.
(e) Lipids have higher energy values than proteins.
(f)

(g)

(h) Energy value of the peanut =

Jg-1

Energy value of the dried prawn = Jg-1

= 197.6 Jg-1
(i) The peanut
(j) Lipids have higher energy values than proteins.
(k) 1. Not all the energy released during the burning of the food is absorbed by the water because a
large
amount of the energy is lost as heat to the surroundings.
2. The food, especially the centre, may not be completely burnt.
3. Some of the energy is absorbed by the boiling tube.