Vectors Velocity y Velocity is the rate of change of the position of an object, j , equivalent q to a specification p of its speed p and direction of motion. Instantaneous velocity Acceleration Acceleration is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which an object changes its velocity. An object is accelerating if it is changing its velocity.
[a]=m/s2 Motion in one dimension
Average velocity = displacement / elapsed time.
vx av =x/t The instantaneous speed is simply the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity. Instantaneous velocity vx =dx/dt Average acceleration ax av =v/t Instantaneous acceleration ax ins =dv/dt Uniform motion in one dimension a = 0; v = constant x = x0 + v t Motion in one dimension with constant acceleration a = const ; v is changed by time; v = v0 + a t ; x = x + v0t + a t 2 / 2. 2 The acceleration is constant the motion is measured from t = 0 ; The fact velocity and acceleration come in, however, with positive and negative signs. Useful formulas 1. Straight line uniform motion G G G G v = const , r (t ) = r0 + v t , x = x0 + v t 2. Accelerated motion G 2 G G G G G G G a t a = const , v (t ) = v0 + a t , r (t ) = r0 + v0t + 2 a t2 v0 + v v 2 v02 s = v0 t + , s= t, s = (s is displacment) 2 2 2a Projectile motion From measurement we know that free fall acceleration is constant near the surface of the Earth and g9.8 m/s2 G 2 G G G G G G G g t g = const , v (t ) = v0 + g t , r (t ) = r0 + v0t + 2 For freely falling motion (upward or downward) g t2 v0 + v v 2 v02 h = v0 t + , h= t, h = (h is height) 2 2 2g g must be taken with positive sign for downward motion and negative sign for upward motion