The remote controlled robot could act a companion for the elderly,

let workmen fix problems remotely, and even clean your apartment
and go and pick up dry cleaning.

Called the Nobot N1H1, it is described as 'a humanoid device,

remotely operated over IP, created to do your chores!'
'We combine the robot unit with a marketplace of operators so that
every Nobot owner has a humanoid minion on tap, whenever they
need one to do their bidding,' the firm, which is raising funds for the
project on Indiegogo.
It hopes to release a range of robots that could carry out specialized
tasks - acting as an electrician in a building, for instance.
'The core N1H1 unit is like someone dressed up as a robot, except
they can be anywhere in the world and the Nobot is right beside
you, or off doing an errand at your bidding.
The grasping of an object by a robot was achieved with relative ease
but placing said object on a non-flat surface proved a lot more
difficult. The University of Arizona has developed robotic machines
that can place objects in 3D places, overcoming many obstacles. The
same robot can also survey a room and make logical decisions about
which objects are where they should be and which are out of place.
An infrared device is used to create a 3d model of the room and
then all decisions are made based on this default image. The robot
can then navigate the room and identify anomalies that contradict
this model.
This model is further subdivided into blocks based on colour and
depth, which is then manipulated by the robots software. This
program allows the robot to identify local and foreign objects,
before making a decision about where in the room they should be
placed. This program also takes into consideration unknown objects
that may be placed in the room and calculates where they are likely
to be held. The robot is also taught about certain objects and has a
huge catalogue of household objects that is stored on its hard drive.
It also has a huge catalogue of places where these objects should be
placed and makes decisions based on these catalogues.
The robot was put through a rigorous testing regime and achieved
results in the ninetieth percentile. It had often been prophesised
that robots will play a huge part in our everyday life and with every
advancing year, thats a prophecy that is running true. Advanced
robotics is a leading technology that is shining the light on a brave
new future that will leave every aspect of our liver over seen by
automated machines

LG takes a square approach at automated home vacuuming with the

Hom-Bot LrV790R. Its square design helps reach closer to corners
and wall edges clearing out debris and dirt using long side brushes.
Compared with the traditional round shaped robovacs, its square
shape translates into a higher cleaning efficiency. Revolutionary
Dual-Eye Movement brings in the idea of bi-vision with two cameras,
one mounted on top and the other at the bottom to create a 3D map
of the house calculating the best cleaning path 50 times per second
so as not to miss a spot. The LG LrV790R understands the difference
between various surfaces and varying dirt density. It automatically
adjusts suction power, stops or starts the brush rolls depending on
the kind of surface operating on while using turbo performance for
cleaning pet hair. If in case the Square bot gets sidetracked or
cleaning is interrupted, the vacuum will automatically move to a
new area and start over again using the Auto-Resume feature. Add
to this the presence of Photographic Memory to recognize areas
cleaned on previous passes so that it doesnt spend time on the
same spot twice. Furthermore, this vacuum multi-tasks with side
brushes, sweeper, main brush and variable suction power for a clean
looking home without the need for human interference.

Automatic scheduling feature for hands free operation.

Uses Lithium Ion Polymer for greater battery life and a longer
life cycle.

Insulated body helps absorb noise and reduce vibrations.

Uses Magellan Mapping technology, a remote control for

manually controlled cleaning.

Remote docking station for automatic battery recharging

during scheduled cleaning.

Uses HEPA grade filters for clearing common allergens.

It sweeps while it vacuums helping clean corners, hard

surfaces, edges and carpets with ease.

Robot software is the set of coded commands or instructions that

tell a mechanical device and electronic system, known together as
a robot, what tasks to perform. Robot software is used to perform
autonomous tasks. Many software systems and frameworks have
been proposed to make programming robots easier.
Some robot software aims at developing intelligent mechanical
devices. Common tasks include feedback loops, control, pathfinding,
data filtering, locating and sharing data.
Contents
 [hide]

1Introduction

2Industrial robot software

3Examples of programming languages for industrial robots

4Other robot programming languages

o 4.1Visual programming language
o 4.2Scripting languages
o 4.3Parallel languages

5Robot application software

o 5.1Safety considerations

6Robotics software projects

7See also

8References

9External links
Introduction[edit]
While it is a specific type of software, it is still quite diverse.
Industrial robot software[edit]
Software for industrial robots consists of data objects and lists of
instructions, known as program flow (list of instructions). For
example,
Go to Jig1
is an instruction to the robot to go to positional data named Jig1. Of
course programs can also contain implicit data for example
Tell axis 1 move 30 degrees.
Data and program usually reside in separate sections of the robot
controller memory. One can change the data without changing the
program and vice versa. For example, one can write a different
program using the same Jig1 or one can adjust the position of Jig1
without changing the programs that use it.
Examples of programming languages for industrial robots[edit]
Due to the highly proprietary nature of robot software, most
manufacturers of robot hardware also provide their own software.
While this is not unusual in other automated control systems, the
lack of standardization of programming methods for robots does
pose certain challenges. For example, there are over 30 different
manufacturers of industrial robots, so there are also 30 different
robot programming languages required. Fortunately, there are
enough similarities between the different robots that it is possible
to gain a broad-based understanding of robot programming without
having to learn each manufacturer's proprietary language. [1]
By using a Post processor and Off-line programming
(robotics) software it is possible to handle brand-specific robot
programming language from a universal programming language,
such as Python (programming language).[2]
Some examples of published robot programming languages are
shown below.
Task in plain English:
Move to P1 (a general safe position)
Move to P2 (an approach to P3)
Move to P3 (a position to pick the object)
Close gripper
Move to P4 (an approach to P5)
Move to P5 (a position to place the object)
Open gripper
Move to P1 and finish
VAL was one of the first robot languages and was used
in Unimate robots.[3] Variants of VAL have been used by other
manufacturers including Adept Technology. Stubli currently use
VAL3.
Example program:
PROGRAM PICKPLACE
1. MOVE P1
2. MOVE P2
 3. MOVE P3
4. CLOSEI 0.00
5. MOVE P4
6. MOVE P5
7. OPENI 0.00
8. MOVE P1
.END
Example of Stubli VAL3 program:
begin
movej(p1,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
movej(appro(p3,trAppro),tGripper,mNomSpeed)
movel(p3,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
close(tGripper)
movej(appro(p5,trAppro),tGripper,mNomSpeed)
movel(p5,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
open(tGripper)
movej(p1,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
end
trAppro is cartesian transformation variable. If we use in with appro
command, we do not need to teach P2 and P4 point, but we
dynamically transform an approach to position of pick and place for
trajectory generation.
Epson RC+ (example for a vacuum pickup)
Function PickPlace
Jump P1
Jump P2
Jump P3
On vacuum
Wait .1
 Jump P4
Jump P5
Off vacuum
Wait .1
Jump P1
Fend
ROBOFORTH (a language based on FORTH).
: PICKPLACE
P1
P3 GRIP WITHDRAW
P5 UNGRIP WITHDRAW
P1
;
(With Roboforth you can specify approach positions for places so
you do not need P2 and P4.)
Clearly the robot should not continue the next move until the
gripper is completely closed. Confirmation or allowed time is implicit
in the above examples of CLOSEI and GRIP whereas the On vacuum
command requires a time delay to ensure satisfactory suction.
Other robot programming languages[edit]
Visual programming language[edit]
The software system for the Lego Mindstorms EV3 robots is worthy
of mention. It is a graphical user interface (GUI) written
with LabVIEW. The approach is to start with the program rather
than the data. The program is constructed by dragging icons into
the program area and adding or inserting into the sequence. For
each icon you then specify the parameters (data). For example, for
the motor drive icon you specify which motors and by how much
they move. When the program is written it is downloaded into the
Lego NXT 'brick' (microcontroller) for test.
Scripting languages[edit]
A scripting language is a high-level programming language that is
used to control the software application, and is interpreted in real-
time, or "translated on the fly", instead of being compiled in
advance. A scripting language may be a general-purpose
programming language or it may be limited to specific functions
used to augment the running of an application or system program.
Some scripting languages, such as RoboLogix, have data objects
residing in registers, and the program flow represents the list of
instructions, or instruction set, that is used to program the robot.

Programming languages in industrial robotics[4]

Robot brand Language name

ABB RAPID

Comau PDL2

Fanuc Karel

Kawasaki AS

Kuka KRL

Stubli VAL3

Yaskawa Inform

Programming languages are generally designed for building data

structures and algorithms from scratch, while scripting languages
are intended more for connecting, or gluing, components and
instructions together. Consequently, the scripting language
instruction set is usually a streamlined list of program commands
that are used to simplify the programming process and provide
rapid application development.
Parallel languages[edit]
Another interesting approach is worthy of mention. All robotic
applications need parallelism and event-based programming.
Parallelism is where the robot does two or more things at the same
time. This requires appropriate hardware and software. Most
programming languages rely on threads or complex abstraction
classes to handle parallelism and the complexity that comes with it,
like concurrent access to shared resources. URBI provides a higher
level of abstraction by integrating parallelism and events in the core
of the language semantics.
whenever(face.visible)
{
headPan.val += camera.xfov * face.x
&
headTilt.val += camera.yfov * face.y
}

The above code will move the headPan and headTilt motors in
parallel to make the robot head follow the human face visible on the
video taken by its camera whenever a face is seen by the robot.
Robot application software[edit]
Regardless which language is used, the end result of robot software
is to create robotic applications that help or entertain people.
Applications include command-and-control and tasking software.
Command-and-control software includes robot control GUIs for tele-
operated robots, point-n-click command software for autonomous
robots, and scheduling software for mobile robots in factories.
Tasking software includes simple drag-n-drop interfaces for setting
up delivery routes, security patrols and visitor tours; it also includes
custom programs written to deploy specific applications. General
purpose robot application software is deployed on widely
distributed robotic platforms.
Safety considerations[edit]
Programming errors represent a serious safety consideration,
particularly in large industrial robots. The power and size of
industrial robots mean they are capable of inflicting severe injury if
programmed incorrectly or used in an unsafe manner. Due to the
mass and high-speeds of industrial robots, it is always unsafe for a
human to remain in the work area of the robot during automatic
operation. The system can begin motion at unexpected times and a
human will be unable to react quickly enough in many situations,
even if prepared to do so. Thus, even if the software is free of
programming errors, great care must be taken to make an industrial
robot safe for human workers or human interaction, such as loading
or unloading parts, clearing a part jam, or performing maintenance.
The ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999 American National Standard for
Industrial Robots and Robot Systems - Safety Requirements
(revision of ANSI/RIA R15.06-1992) book from the Robotic Industries
Association is the accepted standard on robot safety. This includes
guidelines for both the design of industrial robots, and the
implementation or integration and use of industrial robots on the
factory floor. Numerous safety concepts such as safety controllers,
maximum speed during a teach mode, and use of physical barriers
are covered.