Review Outline: Chapter 8

Patterns of Inheritance

Mendels Experiments
Pea plants
Genetic crosses (P, F1, F2)

Law of dominance
Monohybrid cross
Separation of homologous pairs during anaphase I
Law of Independent Assortment
Dihybrid cross
Random alignment of homologs during metaphase I

Terminology
Gene (locus)
Trait
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Diploid
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genotype
Phenotype

Punnett squares
Steps:
Determine parental genotypes
Based on the parents genotype, determine the alleles carried by gametes
Place letters representing the alleles in a Punnett square
Determine the possible combinations of paternal sperm alleles with maternal ova
alleles
Determine the genotypes, phenotypes, and probabilities for the offspring

Extensions of the laws of inheritance

Incomplete dominance
Co-dominance
Multiple alleles
Sex-linked traits
Linked genes
Epistasis
Pleiotropy