Introduction

In metallic conveyors at a consistent temperature and zero attractive field, the potential
distinction over the finishes of the transmitter is corresponding to the present streaming and
resistance of the conduit. That is V=IR. Vis the potential difference. I is the current coursing
through and R is the resistance (measured in unit ohms). Materials that uncovered the direct
relationship exemplified in Ohm's Law is finished up to be ohmic. At the point when a
material is no more extended directly corresponding to current, it is then called non-ohmic
material. Next is resistance. There are a few elements that influences resistance. To start with,
the kind of material. Second, the length. Third, the cross sectional territory. Fourth, the
temperature. In an arrangement circuit, at least two resistors are organized in one line. In an
arrangement circuit the, the present going through every resistor is the same and the potential
contrast, V, over every resistor is specifically relative to the estimation of R. In a parallel
circuit, resistors are masterminded in at least two lines. In a parallel circuit the potential
distinction, V, over every resistor is the same. The current, I , going through every resistor I
conversely relative to the estimation of R.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between current and voltage in Ohmic materials.
To investigate the characteristic of resistor in series and parallel.

Apparatus
1) Resistors 100, 22 and 330
2) Digital multimeter (DMM)
3) Bread board
4) Crocodile clips and jumper wires

Procedure
Part 1 Series Circuit
1. A series circuit with one 100, 200, 300 resistor is constructed on the circuit board
with the power supply connected as shown in Figure 1.

2. The resistance of each resistor before you ON the power supply is measured. Then the
equivalent resistance for the circuit is measured and recorded in Table A

3. A theoretical value of the equivalent resistance of the circuit is calculated and recorded in
Table A

4. Using Ohms Law, the theoretical value of the voltage and current across each resistor is
calculated assuming the power supply is 5V. Values are recorded in Table C and D
.
5. With the voltage across the power supply set at 5 volts and ON, the voltage drop across
each of the resistor is measured. The voltage drops are added. Record your reading in
Table C.

6. The current across each resistor is measured using the DMM. The readings are recorded
in Table D.

Part 2 Parallel Circuit

Figure 2
1. A parallel circuit with one 100, 200 and 330 resistors is constructed on the circuit
board with the power supply connected as shown in Figure 2.
2. Resistance for each resistor is measured before you ON the circuit. The equivalent
resistance for the circuit is measured and recorded in Table E

3. A theoretical value of the equivalent resistance of the circuit based on the these resistance
are calculated and recorded in Table E
4. Using Ohms Law, the theoretical value of the voltage and current across each resistor is
calculated assuming the power supply is 5V. The calculation are recorded in Table F and
G.

5. With the voltage across the power supply set at 5 volts. Put your calculation values in
Table F.

6. Current across each resistor is measures using the DMM. The readings are recorded in
Table G.

Results
Resistance of the resistors (series) ()
R1 R2 R3 Equivalent resistance
Experimental 99.3 217.4 325.1 641.8
Theoretical 100 220 330 650

Table A

Voltage across the resistors (series) (V)

R1 R2 R3 Total voltage
Experimental 0.77 1.68 2.49 4.93
Theoretical 0.77 1.69 2.54 5

Table B

Current across the resistors (series) (A)

R1 R2 R3 Is the value of current
between resistors
same?
Experimental 0.0078 0.0077 0.0077 yes
Theoretical 0.0077 0.0077 0.0077 yes

Table C

Resistance of the resistors (parallel) ()

R1 R2 R3 Equivalent resistance
Experimental 99.3 217.4 325.1 641.8
 Theoretical 100 220 330 650

Table D

Voltage across the resistors (parallel) (V)

R1 R2 R3 Is the value of voltage
between resistors
same?
Experimental 4.9 4.7 4.8 Yes
Theoretical 5 5 5 Yes

Table E

Current across the resistors (parallel) (A)

R1 R2 R3 Total current
Experimental 0.049 0.022 0.015 0.086
Theoretical 0.050 0.023 0.015 0.088

Table F

Discussions
1. The aggregate voltage over every one of the resistors in the series
arrangement is 4.93 V. This shows that the experimental value is
lower than the hypothetical esteem. The distinction is 0.07 V.

2. The aggregate current over every one of the resistors in the parallel circuit
is 0.086 A. The trial esteem is lower than the hypothetical esteem. The
distinction is 0.002 A.

3. The explanations behind the distinction between hypothetical

esteem and exploratory esteem Is a result of the components that
influences resistance which are the length of wires, the cross-
sectional zone of wires utilized.

Conclusion
As expressed in Ohm's Law, current Is specifically corresponding to
voltage. Resistance in this investigation has been kept steady, so the
voltage over every resistor in the arrangement circuit relies on upon the
estimation of resistance of every resistor, though the voltage over every
resistor in the parallel circuit is the same. The current over every resistor
in the arrangement circuit ( series ) is the same, though, the current over
every resistor in the parallel circuit relies on upon the estimation of
resistance of every resistor.