University of Central Punjab

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Advance Digital Signal Processing(Code: EE 3123)
Jan. 13, 2017
Due Date: Jan 24, 2017 Assignment # 3

Question 1
Consider the given data transmission scenario with a channel with impulse response h[n]
and an equalizer, which consists of two adaptive gain factors, c1 and c2 .

The symbols to be transmitted are u[n] {1, +1} and occur with the same probability.
The decision device returns the sign of its input signal (zero is regarded as a positive
number). The channel is known as h[n] = 0.6[n] + [n 1] + 0.6[n 2].

(a) Consider a transmission over the given channel without an equalizer (decision
device only). Calculate the worst-case ISI and answer, whether the decision device
would always be able to decide correctly, or not. What is the optimum delay ?
(b) For the following, set = 1. Find an expression for the error e[n] as a function of
c1 and c2 . (Hint: express the convolution by an inner vector product.)
(c) Assume, we know the auto-correlation sequence ruu [k] of the data. Using this
correlation sequence, find an expression for the mean-square error, i.e., J(c1 , c2 ) =
E{e2 [n]}.
J(c1 ,c2 ) J(c1 ,c2 )
(d) Derive c1
and c2

(e) Assume the transmitted data is white, i.e., ruu [k] = u2 [k]. Calculate the optimum
gain factors.
(f) When this equalizer operates in its optimum (calculated in (e)), will the decision
device always be able to decide correctly?

Course Instructor: Dr. Sarwar Ehsan Please go on to the next page. . .

Electrical Engineering Advance Digital Signal Processing Page 2 of 2

Question 2
Consider a system identification problem where the orders of both the adaptive and the
unknown transversal filter are 1 (2 coefficients). The output of the unknown system can
be assumed to be accessible without an additive noise source.

The statistics of the input signal are known as

 
1 1/3
Rxx =
1/3 1
The Gradient Method
c[n + 1] = c[n] + (p Rxx c[n])
with = 1/2 is used to adapt the coefficients of the adaptive filter. The coefficients are
initialized with c[0] = [3, 2]T .
(a) Simplify the adaptation algorithm by substitution for p. Additionally, introduce
the misalignment vector .
(b) Let the unknown system be h = [2, 1]T . Find an expression for [n] either
analytically or by calculation of some (three should be enough) iteration steps.
Do the components of [n] show an exponential decay? If yes, determine the
corresponding time constant.
(c) Explain, how an exponential decay of the components of [n] can be observed
although the input signal is definitely not white. Can we observe this behaviour
for any choice of the unknown system h?
Question 3
The Coefficient Leakage LMS Algorithm:
c[n] = (1 )c[n 1] + e[n]x[n]
. . . step size parameter
. . . leakage parameter: 0 < << 1
For a noisy system identification task with zero mean, white noise input, determine
the average convergence time constant avg . We can assume the input signal and the
additive noise to be orthogonal. Also specify the minimum and maximum convergence
time constants, min and max respectively, for non-white input signals.

Course Instructor: Dr. Sarwar Ehsan End of exam