a Straight Line
The objective is to find the position as a function of time If you know average velocity vav-x you can find displacement x= vav-x
t and so the position (motion).
Velocity and acceleration are physical quantities used to Average velocity is defined for an interval
describe motion.
If you know the velocity and acceleration, then you can find A position-time graph (an x-t graph)
shows the particle s position x as a
the position (coordinate) as function of time. So we need to function of time t.
understand and use of velocity and acceleration.
Motion with constant acceleration Area under the vx-t curve gives the displacement
For a particle with constant acceleration, the velocity x=vxt, is the area of a slice under the curve and also the
changes at the same rate throughout the motion. displacement in time t
Area under the curve Adding the area of all the slices give you the total
is the displacement
velocity displacement, which is the area under the curve
axt
v0x vx
v0x
t time
What is the use of velocity and acceleration? The equations of motion with constant acceleration
x x0 = t
2
1st eqt.
Area under the curve is axt=vx-v0x
Chapter 2 part 2
the displacement vx=v0x+axt
velocity
3rd eqt.
axt vx = v0 x + ax t v0 x = vx a x t
v0x
vx
v02x = vx2 2ax vx t + a x2t 2
1
Motion in Two or Three
x = x0 + v0 x t + axt 2
v0x 2
1
x x0 = v0 x t + a x t 2
Dimensions
t 2
time
1
x x0 = (vx a x t )t + axt 2
2nd& eqt.4th 2
Area=x-x0= (vx+v0x)t/2 2ax ( x x0 ) = 2a x vx t a x2t 2
2ax ( x x0 ) = vx2 v02x
x-x0 =(vox+v0x+axt)t/2=v0xt+axt2/2 vx2 = v02x + 2ax ( x x0 )
circular motion
Position vector Average velocityFigure 3.2
Position of a point P (an object) is The average velocity (a z
given by the position vector!!!"! vector) between two !"
points is the displacement r2
The position vector from the origin (a vector) divided by the
to point P has components x, y, and time interval between the !
z. two points, and it has the r
!"
These components are the same direction as the r1
corrdinates of P displacement.
y
Motion is the position vector as a
function of time x
r (t) = x(t)i + y(t) j + z(t) k
vav =
r x y z
= i+ j+ k
t t t t
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Equations for projectile motion The equations for projectile motion
We apply the four equations to the x direction motion If we set x0 = y0 = 0, the x = v0 cos0 t
(constant velocity) and the y direction motion equations describing
(constant acceleration) projectile motion are v0 x = v0 cos 0 y = v sin t 1 gt 2
0 0 2
v y = v0 y + a yt shown at the right. v0 y = v0 sin 0
vx = v0x
vx = v0 cos0
The trajectory is a
x = x0 + v0xt y = y0 + v0 yt + 1 a t2
2 y parabola.
v y = v0 sin0 gt
vx2 = v0x
2
v2y = v02y + 2a y y y0
v0x + v0x
x x0 =
t = v0xt v0 y + v y
2
y y0 =
t
2
!
a Radius r
= s / r = vt / r
!
v = v = v = v(vt) / r Examples
v v 2
= = average acceleration
t r
when t 0,
instaneous acceleration a = v 2 / r