Sample TB 9780071319096

21
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding environmental health?

A. It has focused on preventing infectious diseases spread by water, waste, food, rodents, and insects.
B. It encompasses all the interactions of humans and their environment and the health consequences of these
actions.
C. Environmental pollutants contribute not only to infectious diseases but chronic diseases.
D. All of these statements are true.
2. Rodents that carry disease-causing microorganisms are referred to as

A. sectors.
B. vectors.
C. carriers.
D. transporters.
3. Water is usually disinfected by using

A. fluoride.
B. chlorine.
C. filtration.
D. screening.
4. The water treatment that helps reduce tooth decay is

A. filtration.
B. disinfection.
C. chlorination.
D. fluoridation.
5. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Canadian water systems?

A. No Canadians have died from contaminated water in the last 10 years.
B. Hazardous chemicals from manufacturing do not infiltrate water systems in Canada.
C. In most areas of Canada, water systems supply adequate, dependable, and safe water.
D. Water shortages are not a concern in the Canada.
6. What percentage of the world's fresh water is available for human use?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 10
7. According to the World Health Organization, __________ people do not have access to safe drinking water.
A. 1 million
B. 6 million
C. 3 billion
D. 1 billion
8. All of the following are simple steps for protecting the water supply, EXCEPT
A. taking showers instead of baths.
B. watering lawns and garden plants in mid-afternoon.
C. fixing leaky faucets.
D. not pouring old medicines down the drain.
9. Sewage contains primarily

A. human feces.
B. heavy metals.
C. paper waste.
D. radioactive waste.
10. A self-contained sewage disposal system is a

A. slush system.
B. sluice system.
C. septic system.
D. drain field.
11. Sewage sludge is sometimes used as a fertilizer, unless it is contaminated with

A. heavy metals.
B. high concentrations of water purifiers.
C. high concentrations of fluoride.
D. agricultural chemicals.
12. Heavy-metal contamination of sludge
A. can best be eliminated through burning.
B. is hazardous to health.
C. enhances its use as a fertilizer.
D. cannot be absorbed by water.
13. The most publicized health threat associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is
A. arthritis.
B. mental retardation.
C. cancer.
D. birth defects.
14. The biggest component of household trash by weight is

A. plastics.
B. paper products.
C. organic products.
D. metals.
15. The average Canadian generates how much household waste each year?
A. 150 kilograms
B. 300 kilograms
C. 380 kilograms
D. 520 kilograms
16. Sanitary landfills are primarily used to dispose of

A. radioactive waste.
B. solid waste.
C. sewage.
D. recyclables.
17. Which one of the following is NOT one of the four Rs of green consumerism presented in your text?
A. reduce
B. recycle
C. refuse
D. reuse
18. Which of the following is considered a recommendation for reducing garbage?
A. Avoid using paper cups by bringing your own china coffee mug to work.
B. Buy products with the least amount of packaging.
C. Use foil or plastic wraps to store food.
D. A and B
19. The ultimate solution to the problem of garbage is

A. land burial.
B. burning.
C. sea burial.
D. reduced consumption.
20. What is the process by which organic substances are broken down naturally by living organisms?
A. biodegration
B. recycling
C. septic systemization
D. organic oxygenation
21. In ______________, many kinds of waste materials are collected and used as raw materials in the
production of new products.
A. recycling
B. composting
C. biodegration
D. sanitary landfills
22. Which of the following is NOT considered "e-waste"?

A. old computers
B. old televisions
C. used computer paper
D. old cell phones
23. Why is the "e-waste" problem expected to get worse in the next few years?
A. People are buying new cell phones more frequently than ever before.
B. Computers become obsolete more quickly than they used to.
C. Everyone is switching from VCR to DVD technology.
D. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission mandated a change to digital TV in
2011.
24. How many people are added to the world's population every minute?
A. 10
B. 75
C. 150
D. 225
25. Tropical rainforests are being destroyed at the rate of one acre every
A. week.
B. hour.
C. second.
D. month.
26. The U.N. projects that world population will reach 9.1 billion by
A. 2020.
B. 2050.
C. 2075.
D. 3000.
27. What is the core reason for many of today's environmental problems?
A. air pollution
B. water pollution
C. dependence on nuclear power
D. rapid population growth
28. World population is increasing at the approximate rate of 76 million people per
A. week.
B. month.
C. year.
D. decade.
29. There will be more people age 60 and over than children by
A. 2005.
B. 2010.
C. 2050.
D. 2100.
30. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding factors in world population growth?
A. There is currently enough food produced to feed the world's entire population.
B. About half the world's energy currently comes from renewable sources.
C. It is the driving force between many of the more recent environmental concerns.
D. High child mortality rates are associated with high fertility rates.
31. Factors that may limit human population growth include all of the following, EXCEPT
A. energy.
B. available water.
C. food supply.
D. housing.
32. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding factors contributing to population growth?
A. Families have more children to ensure enough survive childhood to work for the household.
B. Half the world's couples do not use any form of family planning.
C. Death rates have decreased in the developing worlds due to improved public health measures.
33. A major contributor to the loss of biodiversity is

A. population growth.
B. technology.
C. tourism.
D. crop harvesting year round.
34. Which of the following is NOT a factor directly related to population control?
A. fertility rates
B. habitat destruction
C. death rates
D. availability of family planning
35. Which of the following does NOT contribute to air pollution?

A. forest fire
B. battery-driven golf carts
C. blooming flowers
D. dust storms
36. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding air pollution?
A. Research has linked exposure to air pollution to reduced birth weight in infants.
B. Air pollution occurs with every pollen bloom.
C. Increased population growth, especially in urban areas, concentrates the problem.
D. Nuclear energy seems to be the solution to air pollution.
37. Which of the following medical conditions has(have) been linked to air pollution?
A. reduced birth weight
B. reduced lung capacity in teenagers
C. thickening of the arteries in adults
D. All of these choices have been linked to air pollution.
38. The Air Quality Health Index measures:

A. level of carbon monoxide over the previous ten days.
B. deterioration in the ozone layer.
C. whether air pollution levels pose a health concern for Canadians.
D. amount that visibility is diminished by smog.
39. The Air Quality Health Index is used for all of the following, EXCEPT
A. particulate matter.
B. natural gas.
C. ground-level ozone.
D. nitrogen dioxide.
40. Particulate matter is released into the atmosphere by all of the following, EXCEPT
A. household furnaces.
B. industrial processes.
C. dust from roadways.
D. combustion of fossil fuels.
41. Ground level ozone has been linked with all of the following, EXCEPT
A. damaging the lining of the lungs.
B. aggravating asthma.
C. increasing one's risk of lung cancer.
D. reducing lung function.
42. An Air Quality Health Index of 8 is classified as
A. good.
B. moderate.
C. high risk.
D. very high risk.
43. The key component of smog is

A. sulfur dioxide.
B. particulate matter.
C. carbon monoxide.
D. ground-level ozone.
44. A gas or vapour that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere s called
a(n)
A. air stagnator.
B. temperature inversion column.
C. greenhouse gas.
D. global warming ozone.
45. Which of the following often contributes to major smog occurrences?

A. heavy motor vehicle traffic
B. high temperatures and sunny weather
C. lack of wind
D. all of the above
46. The greenhouse effect is related to

A. acid rain.
B. global warming.
C. ecological homeostasis.
D. smog.
47. Key greenhouse gases include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. helium.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. chlorofluorocarbons.
D. methane.
48. Levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases are rising because of
A. combustion of fossil fuels.
B. water pollution.
C. acid rain.
D. the destruction of the ozone layer.
49. If the greenhouse effect does raise temperatures worldwide, it is predicted that all of the following will
happen, EXCEPT
A. change in location of vegetation zones.
B. increased mortality from heat stress.
C. change in weather and ocean patterns.
D. distortion of the earth's orbital path.
50. The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

A. shields the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
B. facilitates temperature inversions.
C. maintains the pH of rain.
D. is the key component of smog.
51. The most obvious depletion of the ozone layer has occurred over
A. Antarctica.
B. the United States.
C. the equator.
D. Africa.
52. Release of __________ into the atmosphere is the primary cause of the depletion of the ozone layer.
A. chlorofluorocarbons
B. fluorine
C. PCBs
D. ethanol
53. The disease that is most likely to increase in incidence because of the thinning of the ozone layer is
A. lung cancer.
B. lymphoma.
C. skin cancer.
D. leukemia.
54. According to scientists, what is likely to happen to the earth's average surface temperature at the end of the
twenty-first century?
A. It will remain about the same.
B. It will increase, but only about 1 degree C.
C. It will increase from 1.1-6.4 degrees C.
D. Scientists refuse to speculate on temperatures that far in the future.
55. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the earth's polar ice caps?
A. By 2030, the polar ice could melt way completely during the summer months.
B. Since 2007, there has been less polar ice melting than there was from 2000 to 2006.
C. Experts now believe that polar ice melting will not be a problem for future generations.
D. Polar ice melts cause the stabilization of global weather patterns.
56. What percentage of the greenhouse effect may be attributable to carbon dioxide?
A. 10 percent
B. 25 percent
C. 45 percent
D. 60 percent
57. Ozone loss increases the risk of

A. melanoma.
B. vision impairments.
C. hearing loss.
D. birth defects.
58. ___________ are the biggest energy consumers.

A. Russians
B. Europeans
C. Americans
D. Scandinavians
59. Exposure to ________ can cause headaches, chronic bronchitis, dizziness, fatigue, and death.
A. environnemental tobacco smoke
B. formaldehyde gas
C. carbon monoxide
D. asbestos
60. Environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of
A. cardiovascular disease.
B. bronchitis.
C. asthma.
D. all of the above.
61. About what percentage of energy used in Canada comes from oil?
A. 25 percent
B. 32 percent
C. 40 percent
D. 56 percent
62. Which of the following is an acronym for a recently introduced type of vehicle that has a high fuel economy
rating?
A. SUV
B. AQI
C. HEV
D. CFC
63. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding energy use and pollution?
A. Energy consumption has little to do with environmental problems such as air pollution.
B. Nuclear power creates energy without producing pollution.
C. The mining of coal causes pollution on land and is a serious health problem.
D. None of the above.
64. Ozone levels have declined by what percentage since 1980?

A. 5 percent
B. 10 percent
C. 20 percent
D. 30 percent
65. It is predicted that a 10 percent decrease in ozone levels would result in a rise in nonmelanoma skin cancer
of _____ percent.
A. 13
B. 26
C. 39
D. 50
66. Eye, nose, and throat irritations are most likely the result of which of the following sources of indoor air
pollution?
A. radon
B. formaldehyde gas
C. combustion by-products
D. biologic pollutants
67. You can conserve energy by doing all of the following, EXCEPT
A. cutting back on driving.
B. making sure your home is well-insulated.
C. planting and caring for trees.
D. using fluorescent tubes for lighting.
68. One potential drawback with the use of ethanol as an alternative energy source is
A. the diversion of corn crops from the food supply.
B. that it is a non-renewable energy source.
C. that it will increase greenhouse gas emissions.
D. that it cannot be produced in the U.S
69. You can help save the ozone layer by doing all of the following, EXCEPT
A. checking your car's air conditioner for leaks.
B. using rigid foam insulation in your home.
C. asking your physician for an ozone-safe inhaler.
D. not buying products that contain CFCs.
70. The respiratory disease most closely associated with asbestos is

A. lung cancer.
B. black lung disease.
C. brown lung disease.
D. bronchitis.
71. Which of the following pollutants causes central nervous system damage and mental impairment and is a
particular risk for children living in older buildings?
A. asbestos
B. carbon monoxide
C. formaldehyde gas
D. lead
72. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding poverty and health?
A. Residents living in poor neighborhoods are often exposed to more environmental toxins than residents living
in wealthier communities.
B. Poor neighborhoods are common sites for hazardous waste pollution.
C. Studies show that children from wealthy families have higher concentrations of lead in their blood than do
children from poor families.
D. Asthma is a growing problem in poor families.
73. The pesticide DDT contributed to the control of

A. insect-borne disease in tropical countries.
B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C. smallpox.
D. diphtheria.
74. The impetus for the banning of DDT was provided by

A. the publication of the book Silent Spring.
B. the high concentration of child deaths in a farming community in British Columbia.
C. high concentrations of cancer diagnoses in agricultural communities across America.
D. testing by the Food and Drug Administration.
75. When toxic or potentially toxic substances build up in the food chain, the process is called
A. vector transmission.
B. biomagnification.
C. bioloading.
D. radiation sickness.
76. A naturally occurring metal found in some foods and consumer products that has been linked to brain,
kidney, and gastrointestinal tract damage is
A. mercury.
B. silver.
C. aluminum.
D. iron.
77. Eating large amounts of which of the following foods can expose you to high levels of mercury?
A. beef
B. pork
C. chicken
D. fish
78. The form of radiation that poses the most serious risk to human health is _____________ radiation.
A. microwave
B. infrared
C. gamma
D. X-ray
79. Which one of the following statements is FALSE about the effects of noise?
A. Permanent hearing loss can occur from prolonged exposure to sounds above 80-85 decibels.
B. Children may suffer damage to their hearing at noise levels lower than when adults would suffer damage.
C. Permanent hearing loss occurs within the first 2 hours of exposure to sounds above 60 decibels.
D. Federal, provincial, and territorial governments set legal standards for noise levels in the workplace.
80. The world's current population is about what?

A. 6 billion
B. 6.6 billion
C. 7.6 billion
D. 12 billion
81. In 2056, it is estimated that the Canadian population will number:

A. 35 million
B. 40 million
C. 42.5 million
D. 47 million
82. The United Nation's Convention on Biological Diversity states that the population's demand for resources
already exceeds Earth's capacity by ___________ percent.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
83. How many species of life have scientists identified?

A. 1 million
B. 1.75 million
C. 2.5 million
D. 3.25 million
84. For people with chronic ailments such as diabetes or heart failure, brief exposure to particulate air pollution
increases the risk of death by ___________ percent.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
85. What percentage of Canadians believe federal and provincial governments are doing enough to protect the
air we breathe?
A. 12
B. 26
C. 37
D. 45
86. Which of the following is NOT a source of greenhouse gas emissions?

A. methane
B. carbon monoxide
C. nitrous oxide
D. ozone
87. For a typical Canadian household that has two adults and two children and lives in a 2500 square foot house
with one car, they will generate approximately _____________ kilograms of carbon dioxide each year.
A. 10,000
B. 17,000
C. 27,000
D. 40,000
88. In 2007, fossil fuels accounted for _____________ percent of the world's energy supply.
A. 40
B. 61
C. 82
D. 93
89. Thinning of the ozone layer has been noted over all of the following countries, EXCEPT:
A. Canada.
B. United States.
C. New Zealand.
D. Germany.
90. The ozone layer is located approximately how far above the Earth's surface?
A. 1 kilometre
B. 10-12 kilometres
C. 16-48 kilometres
D. unknown distance
91. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemicals used in which of the following?

A. spray-can propellants
B. refrigerants
C. industrial solvents
D. all of the above
92. UV levels under the Antarctic hole in the ozone layer were high enough to cause sunburn within how many
minutes?
A. 7
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30
93. E85 fuel means:

A. 85 percent gasoline
B. 85 percent ethanol
C. 85 percent pure
D. 85 percent hydroelectric
94. Environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of which of the following conditions?
A. asthma
B. bronchitis
C. cardiovascular disease
D. all of the above
95. According to the WHO, smoke and by-products of indoor fires kill how many people annually?
A. 500,000
B. 1 million
C. 1.5 million
D. 2 million
96. Formaldehyde gas may come from which of the following sources?
A. construction materials
B. paints
C. floor finishes
D. all of the above
97. Biological pollutants include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. animal dander.
B. bacteria.
C. dust mites.
D. paints.
98. According to Environment Canada, CFLs are cost efficient because they use ____________ percent less
energy than traditional incandescent light.
A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 90
99. What percentage of Canada's drinking water came from surface level sources?
A. 40
B. 60
C. 80
D. 90
100. In 2000, how many people became ill in Walkerton due to E. coli in the drinking water supply?
A. 1,000
B. 2,000
C. 2,500
D. 5,000
101. How many people die annually from water-related causes around the world?
A. 1 million
B. 2 million
C. 3 million
D. 4 million
102. Approximately what percentage of household waste in Canada is paper products?
A. 16
B. 26
C. 36
D. 46
103. Approximately what percentage of household waste in Canada is organic products?

A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
104. What percentage of Canadian households had access to recycling in 2007?

A. 50
B. 70
C. 80
D. 95
105. If a product is able to break down naturally, safely, and quickly into raw materials of nature then disappear
back into the environment, it is called:
A. combustible.
B. recyclable.
C. biodegradable.
D. biofriendly.
106. A mineral-based compound that was widely used for fire protection and insulation in buildings until the
1980s is:
A. fiberglass.
B. radon.
C. asbestos.
D. spray foam.
107. Areas where asbestos is most likely to be found include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. ceramic tile.
B. boiler wraps.
C. furnaces.
D. ceiling insulation.
108. The Great Lakes contain approximately _____________ percent of the world's freshwater supply.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
109. A rare form of cancer in which malignant cells are found in the mesothelium is:
A. lung cancer.
B. breast cancer.
C. mesothelioma.
D. mesothemia.
110. According to 2008 data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, what percentage of Canadians have
blood levels of mercury that exceed the maximum value set by Health Canada?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 12
111. Lower doses of gamma radiation may cause all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. chromosome damage.
B. sterility.
C. cataracts.
112. Nuclear power has which of the following characteristics?

A. clean
B. efficient
C. inexpensive
D. all of the above
113. Gamma rays have ____________ wavelength and ____________ energy.

A. short; low
B. short; high
C. long; low
D. long; high
114. Cell phones have _____________ wavelength and ____________ energy.
A. short; low
B. short; high
C. long; low
D. long; high
115. A naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rocks, and building materials is:
A. carbon dioxide.
B. radon.
C. hydrogen.
D. ozone
116. What is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking tobacco?
A. carbon monoxide
B. radon
C. mesothelioma
D. marijuana
117. Which of the following are good strategies for avoiding radiation exposure?
A. Ask your physician why an x-ray is needed.
B. Follow Health Canada's recommendations for radon testing.
C. Find out if there are radioactive sites in your area.
D. Have a full body CT scan once to determine all risks at the same time.
118. Hearing damage can occur after eight hours exposure to sounds louder than:
A. 60 decibels.
B. 70 decibels.
C. 80 decibels.
D. 90 decibels.
119. Hearing damage can occur after one minute of exposure to sounds louder than:
A. 80 decibels.
B. 90 decibels.
C. 100 decibels.
D. 110 decibels.
120. The pain threshold is:
A. 100 decibels.
B. 110 decibels.
C. 120 decibels.
D. 130 decibels.
121. A normal conversation is about:

A. 50 decibels.
B. 60 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 80 decibels.
Alec has graduated from college and is moving to a large city to start a new job. Once he arrives, he plans to
buy his first new car. Because he has asthma and is concerned about the effects of air pollution, he wants to
consider environmental factors in his choice of vehicle and in his driving habits. He also wants to avoid asthma-
related health problems associated with air pollution.
122. Which of the following is likely to emit the lowest amount of greenhouse gases?
A. an SUV
B. an HEV
C. a conventional midsize car
D. a conventional compact car
123. An environmentally friendly driving style includes all of the following, EXCEPT
A. limiting the use of air conditioning.
B. staying within the speed limit.
C. avoiding quick starts.
D. keeping tires slightly underinflated.
124. If Alec wants to reduce the chance that he is contributing to the formation of smog, he should limit his
driving time/distance in all of the following areas or conditions, EXCEPT
A. sunny weather.
B. times of heaviest traffic.
C. cold weather.
D. a valley surrounded by mountains.
125. Because of his asthma, Alec should limit his outdoor exertion time when the AQHI value exceeds
A. 5.
B. 7.
C. 10.
D. 100.
126. The field of environmental health grew out of efforts to control communicable disease.
True False
127. Water pollution from hazardous chemicals is a concern in Canada.

True False
128. Surface water is more likely to be contaminated with both organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms.
True False
129. Fluoridation is a water-treatment process designed to disinfect water.

True False
130. The biggest single component of household trash by weight is plastic.

True False
131. Food waste makes up a larger portion of garbage than plastic, wood, and glass combined.
True False
132. A recent source of toxic waste is the disposal of computer components.

True False
133. Solid waste rapidly decomposes once buried in a sanitary landfill.

True False
134. Electronic items, batteries, and fluorescent lights should be disposed of in the regular trash.
True False
135. The switch to all digital television will increase the amount of e-waste.
True False
136. E-waste is the fastest growing portion of our waste system.

True False
137. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down naturally by living organisms.
True False
138. Currently, there isn't enough food produced to feed the world's entire population.
True False
139. High fertility rates in developing countries are associated with poverty and high child mortality.
True False
140. Pollen is a contributor to air pollution.

True False
141. In the upper atmosphere, ozone is a harmful pollutant; at ground level, it is beneficial.
True False
142. The term smog was first used in the early 1900s to describe the combination of smoke and fog.
True False
143. The key pollutant in smog is nitrogen dioxide.

True False
144. Smog is more likely to occur during warm and sunny weather.
True False
145. Greenhouse gasses result in a warming of the earth.

True False
146. Kelly is concerned about protecting her town's water supply. List and describe seven recommendations that
will accomplish her wishes.
147. Danny is a freshmen in college and is interested in becoming a "green consumer." List and describe at least
five ways he can reduce the amount of potential garbage he produces.
148. Explain the function of the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). Next, briefly outline how smog forms,
including the key pollutants and environmental conditions required. Finally, list three things individuals can do
to help reduce air pollution and prevent smog.
149. Choose and define one of the following three air pollution problems: global warming, thinning of the
atmospheric ozone layer, and acid precipitation. Describe its underlying causes, potential health effects, and key
prevention strategies. Include at least three practical steps for prevention that individuals can take.
150. Define biomagnification, and describe how it affects exposure to pesticides and mercury. Explain (1)
dietary recommendations relating to mercury intake and (2) the appropriate method for cleaning up mercury
from a broken thermometer.
151. List and describe five ways a person can prevent chemical pollution. Give an example that supports each of
these recommendations.
152. Jane lives in a province in which the legislature is considering a bill (AB 175) that would allow new roads
to be built through a wilderness area. Proponents support the measure because it would allow greater access for
recreation and the harvesting of more trees from nonprotected areas that are now difficult for large trucks to
reach. Opponents state that the plan will endanger the ecosystem and its wildlife through habitat destruction
from road-building and from increased human use and logging. Jane wishes to write her local representative
about this issue. Choose a position, and draft a brief letter that follows the guidelines suggested in your text.
21 Key
1. (p. 640) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding environmental health?
A. It has focused on preventing infectious diseases spread by water, waste, food, rodents, and insects.
B. It encompasses all the interactions of humans and their environment and the health consequences of these
actions.
C. Environmental pollutants contribute not only to infectious diseases but chronic diseases.
Blooms: Comprehension
Insel - Chapter 21 #1
Learning Objective: 21-01 Explain how population growth affects Earths environment and contributes to pollution and climate change.
Topic: Environmental Health Defined
2. (p. 640) Rodents that carry disease-causing microorganisms are referred to as

A. sectors.
B. vectors.
C. carriers.
D. transporters.
Blooms: Knowledge
3. (p. 651) Water is usually disinfected by using

A. fluoride.
B. chlorine.
C. filtration.
D. screening.
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: 21-02 Discuss the causes and effects of air and water pollution; and describe strategies that people can take to protect these resources.
Topic: Water Quality and Pollution
4. (p. 651) The water treatment that helps reduce tooth decay is
A. filtration.
B. disinfection.
C. chlorination.
D. fluoridation.
Blooms: Knowledge
5. (p. 651) Which of the following is TRUE regarding Canadian water systems?
A. No Canadians have died from contaminated water in the last 10 years.
B. Hazardous chemicals from manufacturing do not infiltrate water systems in Canada.
C. In most areas of Canada, water systems supply adequate, dependable, and safe water.
D. Water shortages are not a concern in the Canada.
Blooms: Knowledge
6. (p. 652) What percentage of the world's fresh water is available for human use?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 10
Blooms: Knowledge
7. (p. 652) According to the World Health Organization, __________ people do not have access to safe drinking
water.
A. 1 million
B. 6 million
C. 3 billion
D. 1 billion
Blooms: Knowledge
8. (p. 653) All of the following are simple steps for protecting the water supply, EXCEPT
A. taking showers instead of baths.
B. watering lawns and garden plants in mid-afternoon.
C. fixing leaky faucets.
D. not pouring old medicines down the drain.
Blooms: Knowledge
9. (p. 652) Sewage contains primarily

A. human feces.
B. heavy metals.
C. paper waste.
D. radioactive waste.
Blooms: Knowledge
10. (p. 652) A self-contained sewage disposal system is a

A. slush system.
B. sluice system.
C. septic system.
D. drain field.
Blooms: Knowledge
11. (p. 653) Sewage sludge is sometimes used as a fertilizer, unless it is contaminated with
A. heavy metals.
B. high concentrations of water purifiers.
C. high concentrations of fluoride.
D. agricultural chemicals.
Blooms: Knowledge
12. (p. 653) Heavy-metal contamination of sludge
A. can best be eliminated through burning.
B. is hazardous to health.
C. enhances its use as a fertilizer.
D. cannot be absorbed by water.
Blooms: Knowledge
13. (p. 653) The most publicized health threat associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is
A. arthritis.
B. mental retardation.
C. cancer.
D. birth defects.
Blooms: Knowledge
14. (p. 653) The biggest component of household trash by weight is

A. plastics.
B. paper products.
C. organic products.
D. metals.
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: 21-03 Discuss the issue of solid waste disposal and the impact it has on the environment and on human health.
Topic: Solid Waste Pollution
15. (p. 653) The average Canadian generates how much household waste each year?
A. 150 kilograms
B. 300 kilograms
C. 380 kilograms
D. 520 kilograms
Blooms: Knowledge
16. (p. 654) Sanitary landfills are primarily used to dispose of
A. radioactive waste.
B. solid waste.
C. sewage.
D. recyclables.
Blooms: Knowledge
17. (p. 656) Which one of the following is NOT one of the four Rs of green consumerism presented in your text?
A. reduce
B. recycle
C. refuse
D. reuse
18. (p. 656) Which of the following is considered a recommendation for reducing garbage?
A. Avoid using paper cups by bringing your own china coffee mug to work.
B. Buy products with the least amount of packaging.
C. Use foil or plastic wraps to store food.
D. A and B
19. (p. 656) The ultimate solution to the problem of garbage is

A. land burial.
B. burning.
C. sea burial.
D. reduced consumption.
Blooms: Application
20. (p. 654) What is the process by which organic substances are broken down naturally by living organisms?
A. biodegration
B. recycling
C. septic systemization
D. organic oxygenation
Blooms: Knowledge
21. (p. 654) In ______________, many kinds of waste materials are collected and used as raw materials in the
production of new products.
A. recycling
B. composting
C. biodegration
D. sanitary landfills
Blooms: Knowledge
22. (p. 655) Which of the following is NOT considered "e-waste"?

A. old computers
B. old televisions
C. used computer paper
D. old cell phones
23. (p. 655) Why is the "e-waste" problem expected to get worse in the next few years?
A. People are buying new cell phones more frequently than ever before.
B. Computers become obsolete more quickly than they used to.
C. Everyone is switching from VCR to DVD technology.
D. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission mandated a change to digital TV in
2011.
Blooms: Knowledge
24. (p. 641) How many people are added to the world's population every minute?
A. 10
B. 75
C. 150
D. 225
Blooms: Knowledge
Topic: Population Growth and Control
25. (p. 642) Tropical rainforests are being destroyed at the rate of one acre every
A. week.
B. hour.
C. second.
D. month.
Blooms: Knowledge
26. (p. 641) The U.N. projects that world population will reach 9.1 billion by
A. 2020.
B. 2050.
C. 2075.
D. 3000.
Blooms: Knowledge
27. (p. 641) What is the core reason for many of today's environmental problems?
A. air pollution
B. water pollution
C. dependence on nuclear power
D. rapid population growth
28. (p. 641) World population is increasing at the approximate rate of 76 million people per
A. week.
B. month.
C. year.
D. decade.
Blooms: Knowledge
29. (p. 641) There will be more people age 60 and over than children by
A. 2005.
B. 2010.
C. 2050.
D. 2100.
Blooms: Knowledge
30. (p. 641-642) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding factors in world population growth?
A. There is currently enough food produced to feed the world's entire population.
B. About half the world's energy currently comes from renewable sources.
C. It is the driving force between many of the more recent environmental concerns.
D. High child mortality rates are associated with high fertility rates.
31. (p. 641-642) Factors that may limit human population growth include all of the following, EXCEPT
A. energy.
B. available water.
C. food supply.
D. housing.
32. (p. 643) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding factors contributing to population growth?
A. Families have more children to ensure enough survive childhood to work for the household.
B. Half the world's couples do not use any form of family planning.
C. Death rates have decreased in the developing worlds due to improved public health measures.
33. (p. 642) A major contributor to the loss of biodiversity is

A. population growth.
B. technology.
C. tourism.
D. crop harvesting year round.
34. (p. 643) Which of the following is NOT a factor directly related to population control?
A. fertility rates
B. habitat destruction
C. death rates
D. availability of family planning
35. (p. 643) Which of the following does NOT contribute to air pollution?
A. forest fire
B. battery-driven golf carts
C. blooming flowers
D. dust storms
Topic: Air Quality and Pollution
36. (p. 649) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding air pollution?
A. Research has linked exposure to air pollution to reduced birth weight in infants.
B. Air pollution occurs with every pollen bloom.
C. Increased population growth, especially in urban areas, concentrates the problem.
D. Nuclear energy seems to be the solution to air pollution.
37. (p. 643) Which of the following medical conditions has(have) been linked to air pollution?
A. reduced birth weight
B. reduced lung capacity in teenagers
C. thickening of the arteries in adults
D. All of these choices have been linked to air pollution.
38. (p. 643) The Air Quality Health Index measures:

A. level of carbon monoxide over the previous ten days.
B. deterioration in the ozone layer.
C. whether air pollution levels pose a health concern for Canadians.
D. amount that visibility is diminished by smog.
Blooms: Knowledge
39. (p. 643) The Air Quality Health Index is used for all of the following, EXCEPT
A. particulate matter.
B. natural gas.
C. ground-level ozone.
D. nitrogen dioxide.
40. (p. 643) Particulate matter is released into the atmosphere by all of the following, EXCEPT
A. household furnaces.
B. industrial processes.
C. dust from roadways.
D. combustion of fossil fuels.
41. (p. 644) Ground level ozone has been linked with all of the following, EXCEPT
A. damaging the lining of the lungs.
B. aggravating asthma.
C. increasing one's risk of lung cancer.
D. reducing lung function.
42. (p. 644) An Air Quality Health Index of 8 is classified as

A. good.
B. moderate.
C. high risk.
D. very high risk.
Blooms: Knowledge
43. (p. 644) The key component of smog is

A. sulfur dioxide.
B. particulate matter.
C. carbon monoxide.
D. ground-level ozone.
Blooms: Knowledge
44. (p. 644) A gas or vapour that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere s
called a(n)
A. air stagnator.
B. temperature inversion column.
C. greenhouse gas.
D. global warming ozone.
Blooms: Knowledge
45. (p. 644) Which of the following often contributes to major smog occurrences?
A. heavy motor vehicle traffic
B. high temperatures and sunny weather
C. lack of wind
D. all of the above
Blooms: Knowledge
46. (p. 644) The greenhouse effect is related to

A. acid rain.
B. global warming.
C. ecological homeostasis.
D. smog.
Blooms: Knowledge
47. (p. 644) Key greenhouse gases include all of the following, EXCEPT
A. helium.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. chlorofluorocarbons.
D. methane.
48. (p. 644) Levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases are rising because of
A. combustion of fossil fuels.
B. water pollution.
C. acid rain.
D. the destruction of the ozone layer.
Blooms: Knowledge
49. (p. 645) If the greenhouse effect does raise temperatures worldwide, it is predicted that all of the following will
happen, EXCEPT
A. change in location of vegetation zones.
B. increased mortality from heat stress.
C. change in weather and ocean patterns.
D. distortion of the earth's orbital path.
50. (p. 647) The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

A. shields the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
B. facilitates temperature inversions.
C. maintains the pH of rain.
D. is the key component of smog.
Blooms: Knowledge
51. (p. 647) The most obvious depletion of the ozone layer has occurred over
A. Antarctica.
B. the United States.
C. the equator.
D. Africa.
Blooms: Knowledge
52. (p. 648) Release of __________ into the atmosphere is the primary cause of the depletion of the ozone layer.
A. chlorofluorocarbons
B. fluorine
C. PCBs
D. ethanol
Blooms: Knowledge
53. (p. 648) The disease that is most likely to increase in incidence because of the thinning of the ozone layer is
A. lung cancer.
B. lymphoma.
C. skin cancer.
D. leukemia.
54. (p. 647) According to scientists, what is likely to happen to the earth's average surface temperature at the end
of the twenty-first century?
A. It will remain about the same.
B. It will increase, but only about 1 degree C.
C. It will increase from 1.1-6.4 degrees C.
D. Scientists refuse to speculate on temperatures that far in the future.
Blooms: Knowledge
55. (p. 645) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the earth's polar ice caps?
A. By 2030, the polar ice could melt way completely during the summer months.
B. Since 2007, there has been less polar ice melting than there was from 2000 to 2006.
C. Experts now believe that polar ice melting will not be a problem for future generations.
D. Polar ice melts cause the stabilization of global weather patterns.
56. (p. 644) What percentage of the greenhouse effect may be attributable to carbon dioxide?
A. 10 percent
B. 25 percent
C. 45 percent
D. 60 percent
57. (p. 648) Ozone loss increases the risk of

A. melanoma.
B. vision impairments.
C. hearing loss.
D. birth defects.
Blooms: Knowledge
58. (p. 648) ___________ are the biggest energy consumers.

A. Russians
B. Europeans
C. Americans
D. Scandinavians
Blooms: Knowledge
59. (p. 650) Exposure to ________ can cause headaches, chronic bronchitis, dizziness, fatigue, and death.
A. environnemental tobacco smoke
B. formaldehyde gas
C. carbon monoxide
D. asbestos
Blooms: Knowledge
60. (p. 650) Environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of
A. cardiovascular disease.
B. bronchitis.
C. asthma.
D. all of the above.
Blooms: Knowledge
61. (p. 648) About what percentage of energy used in Canada comes from oil?
A. 25 percent
B. 32 percent
C. 40 percent
D. 56 percent
Blooms: Knowledge
62. (p. 649) Which of the following is an acronym for a recently introduced type of vehicle that has a high fuel
economy rating?
A. SUV
B. AQI
C. HEV
D. CFC
Blooms: Knowledge
63. (p. 649) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding energy use and pollution?
A. Energy consumption has little to do with environmental problems such as air pollution.
B. Nuclear power creates energy without producing pollution.
C. The mining of coal causes pollution on land and is a serious health problem.
D. None of the above.
64. (p. 648) Ozone levels have declined by what percentage since 1980?
A. 5 percent
B. 10 percent
C. 20 percent
D. 30 percent
Blooms: Knowledge
65. (p. 648) It is predicted that a 10 percent decrease in ozone levels would result in a rise in nonmelanoma skin
cancer of _____ percent.
A. 13
B. 26
C. 39
D. 50
Blooms: Knowledge
66. (p. 650) Eye, nose, and throat irritations are most likely the result of which of the following sources of indoor
air pollution?
A. radon
B. formaldehyde gas
C. combustion by-products
D. biologic pollutants
Blooms: Knowledge
67. (p. 650) You can conserve energy by doing all of the following, EXCEPT
A. cutting back on driving.
B. making sure your home is well-insulated.
C. planting and caring for trees.
D. using fluorescent tubes for lighting.
68. (p. 649) One potential drawback with the use of ethanol as an alternative energy source is
A. the diversion of corn crops from the food supply.
B. that it is a non-renewable energy source.
C. that it will increase greenhouse gas emissions.
D. that it cannot be produced in the U.S
Blooms: Knowledge
69. (p. 650) You can help save the ozone layer by doing all of the following, EXCEPT
A. checking your car's air conditioner for leaks.
B. using rigid foam insulation in your home.
C. asking your physician for an ozone-safe inhaler.
D. not buying products that contain CFCs.
70. (p. 657) The respiratory disease most closely associated with asbestos is
A. lung cancer.
B. black lung disease.
C. brown lung disease.
D. bronchitis.
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: 21-04 Identify key sources of chemical and radiation pollution; and discuss methods for preventing such pollution.
Topic: Chemical Pollution and Hazardous Waste
71. (p. 657) Which of the following pollutants causes central nervous system damage and mental impairment and
is a particular risk for children living in older buildings?
A. asbestos
B. carbon monoxide
C. formaldehyde gas
D. lead
Blooms: Knowledge
72. (p. 658) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding poverty and health?
A. Residents living in poor neighborhoods are often exposed to more environmental toxins than residents living
in wealthier communities.
B. Poor neighborhoods are common sites for hazardous waste pollution.
C. Studies show that children from wealthy families have higher concentrations of lead in their blood than do
children from poor families.
D. Asthma is a growing problem in poor families.
Blooms: Knowledge
73. (p. 657) The pesticide DDT contributed to the control of

A. insect-borne disease in tropical countries.
B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C. smallpox.
D. diphtheria.
Blooms: Knowledge
74. (p. 657) The impetus for the banning of DDT was provided by
A. the publication of the book Silent Spring.
B. the high concentration of child deaths in a farming community in British Columbia.
C. high concentrations of cancer diagnoses in agricultural communities across America.
D. testing by the Food and Drug Administration.
Blooms: Knowledge
75. (p. 657) When toxic or potentially toxic substances build up in the food chain, the process is called
A. vector transmission.
B. biomagnification.
C. bioloading.
Blooms: Knowledge
76. (p. 658) A naturally occurring metal found in some foods and consumer products that has been linked to brain,
kidney, and gastrointestinal tract damage is
A. mercury.
B. silver.
C. aluminum.
D. iron.
Blooms: Knowledge
77. (p. 658) Eating large amounts of which of the following foods can expose you to high levels of mercury?
A. beef
B. pork
C. chicken
D. fish
Blooms: Knowledge
78. (p. 660) The form of radiation that poses the most serious risk to human health is _____________ radiation.
A. microwave
B. infrared
C. gamma
D. X-ray
Blooms: Knowledge
Topic: Radiation Pollution
79. (p. 661-662) Which one of the following statements is FALSE about the effects of noise?
A. Permanent hearing loss can occur from prolonged exposure to sounds above 80-85 decibels.
B. Children may suffer damage to their hearing at noise levels lower than when adults would suffer damage.
C. Permanent hearing loss occurs within the first 2 hours of exposure to sounds above 60 decibels.
D. Federal, provincial, and territorial governments set legal standards for noise levels in the workplace.
Topic: Noise Pollution
80. (p. 639) The world's current population is about what?
A. 6 billion
B. 6.6 billion
C. 7.6 billion
D. 12 billion
Blooms: Knowledge
81. (p. 641) In 2056, it is estimated that the Canadian population will number:
A. 35 million
B. 40 million
C. 42.5 million
D. 47 million
Blooms: Knowledge
82. (p. 641) The United Nation's Convention on Biological Diversity states that the population's demand for
resources already exceeds Earth's capacity by ___________ percent.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
Blooms: Knowledge
83. (p. 642) How many species of life have scientists identified?
A. 1 million
B. 1.75 million
C. 2.5 million
D. 3.25 million
Blooms: Knowledge
84. (p. 643) For people with chronic ailments such as diabetes or heart failure, brief exposure to particulate air
pollution increases the risk of death by ___________ percent.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
Blooms: Knowledge
85. (p. 644) What percentage of Canadians believe federal and provincial governments are doing enough to protect
the air we breathe?
A. 12
B. 26
C. 37
D. 45
Blooms: Knowledge
86. (p. 645) Which of the following is NOT a source of greenhouse gas emissions?
A. methane
B. carbon monoxide
C. nitrous oxide
D. ozone
Blooms: Knowledge
87. (p. 646) For a typical Canadian household that has two adults and two children and lives in a 2500 square foot
house with one car, they will generate approximately _____________ kilograms of carbon dioxide each year.
A. 10,000
B. 17,000
C. 27,000
D. 40,000
Blooms: Knowledge
88. (p. 647) In 2007, fossil fuels accounted for _____________ percent of the world's energy supply.
A. 40
B. 61
C. 82
D. 93
Blooms: Knowledge
89. (p. 647) Thinning of the ozone layer has been noted over all of the following countries, EXCEPT:
A. Canada.
B. United States.
C. New Zealand.
D. Germany.
Blooms: Knowledge
90. (p. 647) The ozone layer is located approximately how far above the Earth's surface?
A. 1 kilometre
B. 10-12 kilometres
C. 16-48 kilometres
D. unknown distance
Blooms: Knowledge
91. (p. 648) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemicals used in which of the following?
A. spray-can propellants
B. refrigerants
C. industrial solvents
D. all of the above
Blooms: Knowledge
92. (p. 648) UV levels under the Antarctic hole in the ozone layer were high enough to cause sunburn within how
many minutes?
A. 7
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30
Blooms: Knowledge
93. (p. 649) E85 fuel means:

A. 85 percent gasoline
B. 85 percent ethanol
C. 85 percent pure
D. 85 percent hydroelectric
Blooms: Knowledge
94. (p. 650) Environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of which of the following conditions?
A. asthma
B. bronchitis
C. cardiovascular disease
D. all of the above
Blooms: Knowledge
95. (p. 650) According to the WHO, smoke and by-products of indoor fires kill how many people annually?
A. 500,000
B. 1 million
C. 1.5 million
D. 2 million
Blooms: Knowledge
96. (p. 650) Formaldehyde gas may come from which of the following sources?
A. construction materials
B. paints
C. floor finishes
D. all of the above
Blooms: Knowledge
97. (p. 650) Biological pollutants include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. animal dander.
B. bacteria.
C. dust mites.
D. paints.
Blooms: Knowledge
98. (p. 651) According to Environment Canada, CFLs are cost efficient because they use ____________ percent
less energy than traditional incandescent light.
A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 90
Blooms: Knowledge
99. (p. 651) What percentage of Canada's drinking water came from surface level sources?
A. 40
B. 60
C. 80
D. 90
Blooms: Knowledge
100. (p. 651) In 2000, how many people became ill in Walkerton due to E. coli in the drinking water supply?
A. 1,000
B. 2,000
C. 2,500
D. 5,000
Blooms: Knowledge
101. (p. 651) How many people die annually from water-related causes around the world?
A. 1 million
B. 2 million
C. 3 million
D. 4 million
Blooms: Knowledge
102. (p. 654) Approximately what percentage of household waste in Canada is paper products?
A. 16
B. 26
C. 36
D. 46
Blooms: Knowledge
103. (p. 654) Approximately what percentage of household waste in Canada is organic products?
A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
Blooms: Knowledge
104. (p. 654) What percentage of Canadian households had access to recycling in 2007?
A. 50
B. 70
C. 80
D. 95
Blooms: Knowledge
105. (p. 654) If a product is able to break down naturally, safely, and quickly into raw materials of nature then
disappear back into the environment, it is called:
A. combustible.
B. recyclable.
C. biodegradable.
D. biofriendly.
Blooms: Knowledge
106. (p. 657) A mineral-based compound that was widely used for fire protection and insulation in buildings until
the 1980s is:
A. fiberglass.
B. radon.
C. asbestos.
D. spray foam.
Blooms: Knowledge
107. (p. 657) Areas where asbestos is most likely to be found include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. ceramic tile.
B. boiler wraps.
C. furnaces.
D. ceiling insulation.
Blooms: Knowledge
108. (p. 657) The Great Lakes contain approximately _____________ percent of the world's freshwater supply.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
Blooms: Knowledge
109. (p. 657) A rare form of cancer in which malignant cells are found in the mesothelium is:
A. lung cancer.
B. breast cancer.
C. mesothelioma.
D. mesothemia.
Blooms: Knowledge
110. (p. 658) According to 2008 data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, what percentage of Canadians
have blood levels of mercury that exceed the maximum value set by Health Canada?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 12
Blooms: Knowledge
111. (p. 660) Lower doses of gamma radiation may cause all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. chromosome damage.
B. sterility.
C. cataracts.
Blooms: Knowledge
112. (p. 660) Nuclear power has which of the following characteristics?
A. clean
B. efficient
C. inexpensive
D. all of the above
Blooms: Knowledge
113. (p. 660) Gamma rays have ____________ wavelength and ____________ energy.
A. short; low
B. short; high
C. long; low
D. long; high
Blooms: Knowledge
114. (p. 660) Cell phones have _____________ wavelength and ____________ energy.
A. short; low
B. short; high
C. long; low
D. long; high
Blooms: Knowledge
115. (p. 661) A naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rocks, and building materials is:
A. carbon dioxide.
B. radon.
C. hydrogen.
D. ozone
Blooms: Knowledge
116. (p. 661) What is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking tobacco?
A. carbon monoxide
B. radon
C. mesothelioma
D. marijuana
Blooms: Knowledge
117. (p. 661) Which of the following are good strategies for avoiding radiation exposure?
A. Ask your physician why an x-ray is needed.
B. Follow Health Canada's recommendations for radon testing.
C. Find out if there are radioactive sites in your area.
D. Have a full body CT scan once to determine all risks at the same time.
Blooms: Knowledge
118. (p. 661) Hearing damage can occur after eight hours exposure to sounds louder than:
A. 60 decibels.
B. 70 decibels.
C. 80 decibels.
D. 90 decibels.
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: 21-05 Explain how energy use affects the environment; and describe steps everyone can take to use energy more efficiently.
119. (p. 661) Hearing damage can occur after one minute of exposure to sounds louder than:
A. 80 decibels.
B. 90 decibels.
C. 100 decibels.
D. 110 decibels.
Blooms: Knowledge
120. (p. 662) The pain threshold is:
A. 100 decibels.
B. 110 decibels.
C. 120 decibels.
D. 130 decibels.
Blooms: Knowledge
121. (p. 662) A normal conversation is about:

A. 50 decibels.
B. 60 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 80 decibels.
Blooms: Knowledge
Alec has graduated from college and is moving to a large city to start a new job. Once he arrives, he plans to
buy his first new car. Because he has asthma and is concerned about the effects of air pollution, he wants to
consider environmental factors in his choice of vehicle and in his driving habits. He also wants to avoid asthma-
related health problems associated with air pollution.
Insel - Chapter 21
122. (p. 649) Which of the following is likely to emit the lowest amount of greenhouse gases?
A. an SUV
B. an HEV
C. a conventional midsize car
D. a conventional compact car
Blooms: Application
123. (p. 650) An environmentally friendly driving style includes all of the following, EXCEPT
A. limiting the use of air conditioning.
B. staying within the speed limit.
C. avoiding quick starts.
D. keeping tires slightly underinflated.
Blooms: Application
124. (p. 644-645) If Alec wants to reduce the chance that he is contributing to the formation of smog, he should limit
his driving time/distance in all of the following areas or conditions, EXCEPT
A. sunny weather.
B. times of heaviest traffic.
C. cold weather.
D. a valley surrounded by mountains.
Blooms: Application
125. (p. 644) Because of his asthma, Alec should limit his outdoor exertion time when the AQHI value exceeds
A. 5.
B. 7.
C. 10.
D. 100.
Blooms: Application
126. (p. 640) The field of environmental health grew out of efforts to control communicable disease.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
127. (p. 651) Water pollution from hazardous chemicals is a concern in Canada.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
128. (p. 651) Surface water is more likely to be contaminated with both organic matter and pathogenic
microorganisms.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
129. (p. 651) Fluoridation is a water-treatment process designed to disinfect water.

FALSE
130. (p. 653) The biggest single component of household trash by weight is plastic.
FALSE
131. (p. 654) Food waste makes up a larger portion of garbage than plastic, wood, and glass combined.
FALSE
132. (p. 655) A recent source of toxic waste is the disposal of computer components.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
133. (p. 654-655) Solid waste rapidly decomposes once buried in a sanitary landfill.
FALSE
134. (p. 655) Electronic items, batteries, and fluorescent lights should be disposed of in the regular trash.
FALSE
135. (p. 655) The switch to all digital television will increase the amount of e-waste.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
136. (p. 654-655) E-waste is the fastest growing portion of our waste system.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
137. (p. 654) Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down naturally by living
organisms.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
138. (p. 641) Currently, there isn't enough food produced to feed the world's entire population.
FALSE
139. (p. 643) High fertility rates in developing countries are associated with poverty and high child mortality.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
140. (p. 643) Pollen is a contributor to air pollution.

TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
141. (p. 643) In the upper atmosphere, ozone is a harmful pollutant; at ground level, it is beneficial.
FALSE
142. (p. 644) The term smog was first used in the early 1900s to describe the combination of smoke and fog.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
143. (p. 644) The key pollutant in smog is nitrogen dioxide.

FALSE
144. (p. 644) Smog is more likely to occur during warm and sunny weather.
TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
145. (p. 644) Greenhouse gasses result in a warming of the earth.

TRUE
Blooms: Knowledge
146. Kelly is concerned about protecting her town's water supply. List and describe seven recommendations that
will accomplish her wishes.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Application
147. Danny is a freshmen in college and is interested in becoming a "green consumer." List and describe at least
five ways he can reduce the amount of potential garbage he produces.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Application
148. Explain the function of the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). Next, briefly outline how smog forms,
including the key pollutants and environmental conditions required. Finally, list three things individuals can do
to help reduce air pollution and prevent smog.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Analysis
149. Choose and define one of the following three air pollution problems: global warming, thinning of the
atmospheric ozone layer, and acid precipitation. Describe its underlying causes, potential health effects, and key
prevention strategies. Include at least three practical steps for prevention that individuals can take.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Application
150. Define biomagnification, and describe how it affects exposure to pesticides and mercury. Explain (1)
dietary recommendations relating to mercury intake and (2) the appropriate method for cleaning up mercury
from a broken thermometer.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Application
151. List and describe five ways a person can prevent chemical pollution. Give an example that supports each of
these recommendations.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Application
152. Jane lives in a province in which the legislature is considering a bill (AB 175) that would allow new roads
to be built through a wilderness area. Proponents support the measure because it would allow greater access for
recreation and the harvesting of more trees from nonprotected areas that are now difficult for large trucks to
reach. Opponents state that the plan will endanger the ecosystem and its wildlife through habitat destruction
from road-building and from increased human use and logging. Jane wishes to write her local representative
about this issue. Choose a position, and draft a brief letter that follows the guidelines suggested in your text.
Answers will vary
Blooms: Synthesis
21 Summary
Category # of Question
s
Blooms: Analysis 1
Blooms: Application 10
Blooms: Comprehension 33
Blooms: Knowledge 107
Blooms: Synthesis 1
Insel - Chapter 21 153
Learning Objective: 21-01 Explain how population growth affects Earths environment and contributes to pollution and climate chang 22
e.
Learning Objective: 21-02 Discuss the causes and effects of air and water pollution; and describe strategies that people can take to pr 79
otect these resources.
Learning Objective: 21-03 Discuss the issue of solid waste disposal and the impact it has on the environment and on human health. 23
Learning Objective: 21-04 Identify key sources of chemical and radiation pollution; and discuss methods for preventing such polluti 24
on.
Learning Objective: 21-05 Explain how energy use affects the environment; and describe steps everyone can take to use energy more 4
efficiently.
Topic: Air Quality and Pollution 62
Topic: Chemical Pollution and Hazardous Waste 22
Topic: Environmental Health Defined 7
Topic: Noise Pollution 5
Topic: Population Growth and Control 14
Topic: Radiation Pollution 1
Topic: Solid Waste Pollution 23
Topic: Water Quality and Pollution 18

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21

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding environmental health?

2. Rodents that carry disease-causing microorganisms are referred to as

3. Water is usually disinfected by using

4. The water treatment that helps reduce tooth decay is

5. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Canadian water systems?

9. Sewage contains primarily

10. A self-contained sewage disposal system is a

11. Sewage sludge is sometimes used as a fertilizer, unless it is contaminated with

14. The biggest component of household trash by weight is

16. Sanitary landfills are primarily used to dispose of

19. The ultimate solution to the problem of garbage is

22. Which of the following is NOT considered "e-waste"?

33. A major contributor to the loss of biodiversity is

35. Which of the following does NOT contribute to air pollution?

38. The Air Quality Health Index measures:

43. The key component of smog is

45. Which of the following often contributes to major smog occurrences?

46. The greenhouse effect is related to

47. Key greenhouse gases include all of the following, EXCEPT

50. The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

57. Ozone loss increases the risk of

58. ___________ are the biggest energy consumers.

64. Ozone levels have declined by what percentage since 1980?

70. The respiratory disease most closely associated with asbestos is

73. The pesticide DDT contributed to the control of

74. The impetus for the banning of DDT was provided by

80. The world's current population is about what?

81. In 2056, it is estimated that the Canadian population will number:

83. How many species of life have scientists identified?

86. Which of the following is NOT a source of greenhouse gas emissions?

91. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemicals used in which of the following?

93. E85 fuel means:

97. Biological pollutants include all of the following, EXCEPT:

103. Approximately what percentage of household waste in Canada is organic products?

104. What percentage of Canadian households had access to recycling in 2007?

112. Nuclear power has which of the following characteristics?

113. Gamma rays have ____________ wavelength and ____________ energy.

121. A normal conversation is about:

127. Water pollution from hazardous chemicals is a concern in Canada.

129. Fluoridation is a water-treatment process designed to disinfect water.

130. The biggest single component of household trash by weight is plastic.

132. A recent source of toxic waste is the disposal of computer components.

133. Solid waste rapidly decomposes once buried in a sanitary landfill.

136. E-waste is the fastest growing portion of our waste system.

140. Pollen is a contributor to air pollution.

143. The key pollutant in smog is nitrogen dioxide.

145. Greenhouse gasses result in a warming of the earth.

2. (p. 640) Rodents that carry disease-causing microorganisms are referred to as

3. (p. 651) Water is usually disinfected by using

9. (p. 652) Sewage contains primarily

10. (p. 652) A self-contained sewage disposal system is a

14. (p. 653) The biggest component of household trash by weight is

19. (p. 656) The ultimate solution to the problem of garbage is

22. (p. 655) Which of the following is NOT considered "e-waste"?

33. (p. 642) A major contributor to the loss of biodiversity is

38. (p. 643) The Air Quality Health Index measures:

42. (p. 644) An Air Quality Health Index of 8 is classified as

43. (p. 644) The key component of smog is

46. (p. 644) The greenhouse effect is related to

50. (p. 647) The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

57. (p. 648) Ozone loss increases the risk of

58. (p. 648) ___________ are the biggest energy consumers.

113. Gamma rays have wavelength and energy.