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    Roberto Quispe
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    This document analyzes panel data from a survey with multiple time periods. It summarizes variables like occupation, industry, union status, gender, and race using the xtsum command. It finds that the variables for gender and race do not vary over time. It also uses xttab and xttrans to interpret how occupation varies, finding most people remain in the same occupation category over time. A scatter plot of log wages against education shows variation both between individuals and within the time period. Manual calculations of standard deviations for a wage variable match those produced by the xtsum command, verifying the decomposition of overall standard deviation into between and within components.

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    This document analyzes panel data from a survey with multiple time periods. It summarizes variables like occupation, industry, union status, gender, and race using the xtsum command. It finds that the variables for gender and race do not vary over time. It also uses xttab and xttrans to interpret how occupation varies, finding most people remain in the same occupation category over time. A scatter plot of log wages against education shows variation both between individuals and within the time period. Manual calculations of standard deviations for a wage variable match those produced by the xtsum command, verifying the decomposition of overall standard deviation into between and within components.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    59 tayangan3 halaman

    Tarea 1

    Diunggah oleh

    Roberto Quispe
    This document analyzes panel data from a survey with multiple time periods. It summarizes variables like occupation, industry, union status, gender, and race using the xtsum command. It finds that the variables for gender and race do not vary over time. It also uses xttab and xttrans to interpret how occupation varies, finding most people remain in the same occupation category over time. A scatter plot of log wages against education shows variation both between individuals and within the time period. Manual calculations of standard deviations for a wage variable match those produced by the xtsum command, verifying the decomposition of overall standard deviation into between and within components.

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    dari 3

    1.- Para los datos de la seccin 8.

    3, emplea xtsum para describir la variacin en


    occ, smsa, ind, ms, unin, fem y blk. Cules de estas variables no presentan
    variaciones en el tiempo?
    . xtsum occ smsa ind ms union fem blk

    Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min Max Observations

    occ overall .5111645 .4999354 0 1 N = 4165


    between .469327 0 1 n = 595
    within .1731615 -.3459784 1.368307 T = 7

    smsa overall .6537815 .475821 0 1 N = 4165


    between .4601658 0 1 n = 595
    within .1223035 -.2033613 1.510924 T = 7

    ind overall .3954382 .4890033 0 1 N = 4165


    between .4648725 0 1 n = 595
    within .152739 -.4617047 1.252581 T = 7

    ms overall .8144058 .3888256 0 1 N = 4165


    between .3686109 0 1 n = 595
    within .1245274 -.0427371 1.671549 T = 7

    union overall .3639856 .4812023 0 1 N = 4165


    between .4543848 0 1 n = 595
    within .1593351 -.4931573 1.221128 T = 7

    fem overall .112605 .3161473 0 1 N = 4165


    between .3163754 0 1 n = 595
    within 0 .112605 .112605 T = 7

    blk overall .0722689 .2589637 0 1 N = 4165


    between .2591505 0 1 n = 595
    within 0 .0722689 .0722689 T = 7

    Las variables fem y blk no presentan variaciones en el tiempo.

    Emplee xttab y xttrans para brindar una interpretacin de cmo vara occ.
    . xttab occ

    Overall Between Within


    occ Freq. Percent Freq. Percent Percent

    0 2036 48.88 348 58.49 83.58


    1 2129 51.12 352 59.16 86.40

    Total 4165 100.00 700 117.65 85.00


    (n = 595)

    El 51% de 4165 observaciones individuo-ao son ocupadas y el 49% son


    desocupadas. El 59% de las de las 595 son ocupados y el 58% son
    desocupados al menos una vez. El 86% de las personas siempre ha sido
    ocupadas durante el periodo que se cubri en el panel, mientras que el 84% de
    las personas fueron desocupadas durante ese periodo.
    . xttrans occ

    occupation
    ; occ==1
    if in a occupation; occ==1 if
    blue-colla in a blue-collar
    r occupation
    occupation 0 1 Total

    0 95.19 4.81 100.00


    1 4.99 95.01 100.00

    Total 49.10 50.90 100.00

    El 95% de los ocupados han permanecido en esa categora en el siguiente


    periodo, mientras que el 95.2% de los desocupados se mantuvieron en la
    misma condicin en el prximo periodo.
    Realice un diagrama de dispersin del logaritmo de los salarios contra
    educacin, Qu tipo de variacin presenta este diagrama within, between o
    ambas?
    9
    8
    7
    6
    5

    5 10 15 20
    years of education

    log wage Fitted values


    lowess lwage ed

    Es una variacin de ambas porque el salario y la educacin varian entre


    individuos y dentro del periodo de tiempo.
    2.- Para los datos de la seccin 8.3, calcule manualmente las tres desviaciones
    estndar de la variable lwage por medio del comando xtsum; para la
    desviacin estndar overall, utilice el comando summarize. Para la estimacin
    de la desviacin estndar between, utilice el comando by id: egen
    meanwage=mean(lwage) y aplique el comando summarize a (meanwage-
    grandmean) para t==1, donde grandmean es la media de overall. Para la
    desviacin estndar within, emplee el comando summarize a (lwage-
    meanwage). Compare las desviaciones estndar que calcul manualmente con
    las que obtuvo por medio del comando xtsum. Se prueba que s 2 o S2 w +
    S2 b?
    . sum lwage

    Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

    lwage 4165 6.676346 .4615122 4.60517 8.537

    Between
    . sum (meanwage-grandmean)

    Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

    meanwage 4165 6.676346 .3939546 5.3364 7.813596


    grandwage 4165 6.676346 0 6.676346 6.676346
    grandmean 4165 6.676346 0 6.676346 6.676346

    Within
    . sum wage23

    Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

    wage23 4165 6.676346 .2404023 4.781808 8.621092

    Xtsum
    . xtsum lwage

    Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min Max Observations

    lwage overall 6.676346 .4615122 4.60517 8.537 N = 4165


    between .3942387 5.3364 7.813596 n = 595
    within .2404023 4.781808 8.621092 T = 7

    Se cumple la igualdad.

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