Causes[edit]

Worldwide, the most common cause for goitre is iodine deficiency, usually seen in countries that
do not use iodized salt. Selenium deficiency is also considered a contributing factor. In countries
that use iodized salt, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause.[3] Goitre can also result
from cyanide poisoning; this is particularly common in tropical countries where people eat the
cyanide-rich cassava root as the staple food.[4]

Incide
Growt
Resultant nce
Pathophys h Treatme Prog
Cause thyroid and
iology patter nt nosis
activity preval
n
ence

Can
behyperthyroidis
Acute or
minitially, but
Thyroiditis chronic inflam
progress
mation
to hypothyroidis
m

Secretionalhyper
Thyroid
thyroidism,
hormone Diffuse
Symptomatichyp
insensitivity
othyroidism

Overall
relative
5-year
survival
Usually
Thyroid rate of
uninodul
cancer 85% for
ar
females
and
74% for
males[8]

Hypersecretio
n of thyroid
stimulating
Pituitary Pituitary Very
hormone, Diffuse
disease surgery rare[6]
almost always
by a pituitary
adenoma[6]

Iodine Hyperplasia o Can Diffuse Iodine Constitut Increase

deficiency f thyroid to causehypothyroi es over d size of
compensate 90% thyroid
 Incide
Growt
Resultant nce
Pathophys h Treatme Prog
Cause thyroid and
iology patter nt nosis
activity preval
n
ence

may be
perman
cases of ent if
for decreased goitre untreate
dism
efficacy worldwid d for
e[1] around
five
years

Autoimmune
disease in
which the Thyroid Prevalen Remissi
Diffuse
Hashimoto' thyroid gland hormone ce: 1 to on with
Hypothyroidism andlobul
s thyroiditis is gradually replacemen 1.5 in a treatme
ated[5]
destroyed. t 1000 nt
Infiltration of
lymphocytes.

Remissi
on with
treatme
nt, but
still
lower
quality
of life for
14 to 21
1 to 2
Autoantibodie years
Graves' cases
s (TSHR-Ab) Antithyroid after
disease per
that activate agents,radi treatme
also called Hyperthyroidism Diffuse 1,000
the TSH- oiodine, nt, with
Basedow populati
receptor surgery lower
syndrome on per
(TSHR) mood
year
and
lower
vitality,
regardle
ss of the
choice
of
treatme
nt[7]
 Incide
Growt
Resultant nce
Pathophys h Treatme Prog
Cause thyroid and
iology patter nt nosis
activity preval
n
ence

Goitrogenin
gestion

Inborn errors
Congenital
of thyroid
hypothyroid Hypothyroidism
hormone
ism
synthesis

Benign thyr Usually Mostly

Usuallyhyperthyr
oid uninodul harmles
oidism
neoplasms ar s

Adverse
drug
reactions

Sarcoidosis

Amyloidosis

Hydatidiform mole

Cysts

Acromegaly

Pendred syndrome