1 When the Brownian motion of smoke particles in air is observed with a microscope, moving

points of light are seen. These points of light are reflections from
A air particles only, moving randomly.
B smoke particles only, moving randomly.
C smoke particles only, vibrating.
D both smoke and air particles, moving randomly.

2 Why do people feel cool if they do not dry themselves after swimming in the sea?
A Water evaporates and causes cooling.
B Water insulates them from the warm air.
C Water is a good conductor of heat.
D Water is colder than the air.

3 Which of the following expands most when its temperature is raised by 10 K (C)?
A 10 cm3 of air B 10 cm3 of copper
C 10 cm3 of ice D 10 cm3 of water

4 A thermometer reads 1C in pure melting ice and 101C in steam above boiling water. It is used
to measure the temperature of water before and after it is heated. What is the error when the
temperature rise is calculated?
A 2C too low B 1C too low
C zero D 1C too high

5 Which material is the best absorber of infra-red radiation?

A dark animal fur B shiny metal
C window glass D white paper

6 The diagram shows a metal saucepan containing water and placed on a hot plate. After some
time, the air at point X also becomes hot.

What are the main ways by which heat travels from the hot plate through the base of the metal
saucepan, through the water and through the air to point X?

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7 Which of the following correctly states the properties of solids, liquids and gases?

8 A swimmer comes out of the water on a windy day. He may feel colder before he dries himself
than afterwards. Why is this?
A The water is cooled down by the swimmer.
B The water on his skin is colder than the air.
C The water prevents warm air reaching his skin.
D The wind evaporates the water, cooling his skin.

9 A partially inflated balloon is placed under a bell jar (diagram 1).

A vacuum pump is turned on for several minutes and the volume of the balloon increases
(diagram 2). Which pressure changes occur within the bell jar and within the balloon?

10 What is reduced when a mercury thermometer is made using a larger bulb, but with a capillary
tube of the same diameter and length?
A accuracy B linearity
C range D sensitivity

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11 The diagram shows a bimetallic strip in a circuit. The copper expands more than the invar for
the same temperature rise.

What will be switched on when the bimetallic strip becomes hot?

A bell only B lamp and bell only
C motor and bell only D lamp, bell and motor
12 An experiment is carried out as shown.

Why does the ice take a long time to melt, even though the water at the top of the test-tube is
boiling?
A Convection cannot occur in water. B Ice is a poor radiator of heat.
C The metal gauze prevents energy reaching the ice.
D Water is a poor conductor of heat.

13 Some ice cubes are taken from a deep-freeze and placed in a metal container. The container is
heated at a steady rate and temperature/time readings are taken. The results are recorded on a
graph. Which temperature corresponds to 0 C?

14 The sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer depends on the volume of liquid used and then
diameter of the bore of the thermometer. Which changes will produce the greatest increase in
sensitivity?

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15 Density changes are responsible for which methods of thermal energy transfer?
A conduction only B convection only
C radiation only D conduction, convection and radiation

16 Two identical metal plates are painted, one matt white and the other matt black. These are placed
at equal distances from a radiant heater as shown. The heater is turned on for five minutes.

Which metal plate absorbs more energy and which plate emits more energy in this time?

17 Which of the following contains the molecules with the highest average speed?

18 A beaker of liquid is placed under a bell jar. The pressure of the air above the liquid is reduced
and some of the liquid evaporates. This causes the liquid to become colder.

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 Why does the temperature of the liquid fall?
A The air molecules blow away the liquid molecules.
B The air molecules cool down the liquid.
C The higher energy molecules leave the liquid.
D There are fewer molecules of liquid in the beaker.

19 What is the name given to the amount of energy needed to turn 1 kg of water at 100 C into
steam at 100 C?
A heat capacity B latent heat C specific heat capacity D specific latent heat

20 The diagram shows a mercury-in-glass thermometer. The distance between the 10 C and the
110 C markings is 25 cm.

At which temperature is the end of the mercury thread 15 cm from the 10 C mark?
A 50 C B 60 C C 62 C D 72 C

21 The earliest Ford cars were always painted black. This was because black paint dried more
quickly than lighter colours when the cars were left in the sun to dry. Which property of black
paint makes it dry more quickly?
A It is the best absorber of heat. B It is the best conductor of heat.
C It is the best insulator of heat. D It is the best reflector of heat.

22 Four beakers containing the same amount of water at the same temperature are placed on hot
metal plates. The lower surfaces of the metal plates are kept at the same temperature. The plates
are all the same size but are made from four different metals.

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 The times taken to produce stated temperature rises are given below. Which metal is the poorest
conductor?

23 A liquid evaporates rapidly. Why does it cool?

A Air molecules remove heat by contact with the liquid surface.
B Energy is lost by convection currents.
C Fewer molecules are left in the liquid.
D Some of the most energetic molecules leave the liquid.
24 When ice melts to become water, which force must be overcome?
A the attraction between electrons and the nucleus
B the attraction between the atoms in a molecule
C the force between molecules
D the force of gravity

25 A substance is heated in an enclosed space until it becomes a gas. After the heater is removed, the
temperature is recorded at regular intervals. The graph shows temperature plotted against time.

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 What does the section PQ represent?
A boiling B condensing C melting D solidifying
26 When a gas in a container of fixed volume is heated, the pressure of the gas increases.
Which statement explains this?
A The molecules expand and get heavier, so they hit each other harder.
B The molecules have less room to move, so they collide with each other more frequently.
C The molecules hit the walls harder and less frequently.
D The molecules move faster, so they collide with the walls more frequently.

27 Fibre is used for home insulation in a cold country, as shown in the diagram.

Heat cannot easily escape through the ceiling because the fibre
A traps air. B is warm. C is tightly packed. D heats the roof space.

28 The diagram shows four similar cans. Each can contains the same volume of water initially at 80
C. After five minutes, which can will contain the coolest water?

29 Bubbles of gas, escaping from the mud at the bottom of a deep lake, rise to the surface.

As the bubbles rise they get larger. Why is this?

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 A Atmospheric pressure on the bubbles decreases.
B Atmospheric pressure on the bubbles increases.
C Water pressure on the bubbles decreases.
D Water pressure on the bubbles increases.
30 A swimmer climbs out of a swimming pool on a warm, dry day. Almost immediately he begins
to feel cold. Why is this?
A The water allows a convection current to remove heat from his skin.
B The water takes latent heat from his body in order to evaporate.
C The water on his skin is a good conductor of heat.
D The water prevents infra-red radiation from reaching his body.

31 Ice at 10 C is heated at a constant rate until it is water at +10 C. Which graph shows how the
temperature changes with time?

32 A clinical thermometer is designed to respond quickly to a change in temperature and to have a

high sensitivity.

Which design features should the clinical thermometer have?

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33 A glass jug is designed so that it does not break when boiling water is poured into it.
What sort of glass should be used?

34 Assuming the temperature remains constant, which combination correctly describes the volume
and the shape of a gas or liquid?

35 An axle is too large to fit into the hole in a wheel that is made of the same metal

How can the axle be made to fit into the hole?

A by cooling the axle alone B by cooling the wheel alone
C by cooling both the axle and the wheel D by heating both the axle and the wheel

36 A 2 kg mass of copper is heated for 40 s by a heater that produces 100 J / s. The specific heat
capacity of copper is 400 J / (kg K). What is the rise in temperature?
A 5K B 10K C 20K D 50K

37 In a vacuum flask, which methods of heat transfer are prevented by the vacuum?
A conduction only B convection only
C conduction and convection only D conduction, convection and radiation

38 A substance consists of particles that are close together and moving past each other at
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 random. The average speed of the particles is gradually increasing. What best describes the
substance?
A a liquid being boiled to form a gas B a liquid being heated
C a solid being heated D a solid being melted to form a liquid

39 A liquid-in-glass thermometer consists of a bulb containing a liquid. The liquid can expand into a
very thin capillary tube.

The liquid in the thermometer is replaced by another liquid that expands more for the same
temperature rise. The new thermometer will have
A greater sensitivity and greater range.
B greater sensitivity but less range.
C the same sensitivity and the same range.
D the same sensitivity but greater range.

40 The diagram shows a vacuum flask and an enlarged view of a section through the flask wall.

The main reason for the silvering is to reduce heat transfer by

A conduction only. B radiation only.
C conduction and convection. D convection and radiation.

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