Eccentric Connections Shear

Eccentrically loaded bolt groups

Ultimate Strength (Plastic Analysis)
Uses Instantaneous Center of Rotation (I.C.)
most rational method
Elastic (Vector) Analysis
Assumed rotation about the C.G. of bolt group
Pu

CG
Instantaneous Center (I.C.)
Accounts for translation and rotation

Pu

CG CG
IC?
 Pu

CG
IC?
 P

e
d

yo CG

IC?

xo
 P

Ri

di
qi

CG
IC
 How do we know if our guess
for the I.C. is correct?
P
Fx 0
d n
Ri
R sin q P sind 0
i 1
i i

di e
qi d Fy 0
n
yo CG
R cos q P cosd 0
i 1
i i

IC
M 0
xo n

R d P(e x cosd y sin d ) 0

i 1
i i o o
Load-Deformation (AISC Fig. 7-3)

10 0.55
Ri Rult(1 e )
2.718
tuAb
where tu is ~70% of Fub
(from experiments)

Alternatively, use shear

strength of bolt as calculated
by LRFD for Rult
Fig. 7-3, for one ASTM A325 bolt
NOTE max
in single shear, from tests (Fisher)
 P

d
Ri Fx 0
di e n
d
qi R sin q P sind 0
i 1
i i

yo
CG Fy 0
IC n

xo
R cos q P cosd 0
i 1
i i

M 0
n

Ri Rult(1 e
10 0.55
) R d P(e x cosd y sin d ) 0
i 1
i i o o

Iterative process required to solve!

 P

d
i R
Shear) - Ultimate Strength
e Method
di
qi d
yo Eccentricity (in) Spacing (in)
de i
Dia. CG
0.875 in max 7.5 x 3
=0 IC d max y 3
max 0.34
xo From tests
dmax 6.80
~ 0.34 cos q

wrt IC
xi yi di i Ri Rixi/di Ridi
0.2 -3 3.01 0.15 25.13 1.67 75.57
0.2 0 0.20 0.01 7.92 7.92 1.58
0.2 3 3.01 0.15 25.13
Fy and75.57
1.67
M
0.2 6 6.00 0.30 28.07 0.93 168.49
Salmon et al., 4.11 (b)
6 Pu A36 Plate
Calculate maximum
load, Pu
Use ultimate
strength method
3 @ 3

7/8 A325N bolts

Plate

Suppose, for this example, that we

3 have determined that bolt shear
capacity controls over bolt bearing
Spreadsheet
Define bolt group, etc.
e
Pu

4 5
y
3 6
x
IC CG
2 7
?
1 8
 Bolt Properties, define bolt group, eccentricity, etc.

Locate bolts wrt C.G. Calculate wrt guess for I.C.

Note, maximum defined as 0.34, as shown in tests

Note: Ri calculated based on Rn according to AISC

0.563Fub for X or 0.450Fub for N (instead of tu)
 Fy, M, Fx

f applied here
M=
(Pu)(e+xocosd+yosind)

Note: this spreadsheet set up for yo = 0 and d = 0

AISC Table 7-7
(Tables 7-6 to 7-13 for Bolt Groups)
 Interpolate for ex = 7.5 in C=3.1

Interpolation within tables OK; interpolation between

tables not OK (use next lower angle of loading)
 7/8 A325N bolts
6 Pu
f Rn Cf rn
f Rn 3.1x 24.3 75.3kips
3 @ 3

Plate