A study on the analysis, selection and application of anthropometric design

principles, bio-mechanics, bio-medical and ergonomics for design of functional

clothing using advanced functional high performance fibers
by
Dr.Gurumurthy.B.R1, Dr. Ramesh.K.P2, and Dr.Gurumurthy.K.S3
1.Vignan University,(Associate Professor ,Department of Textile Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh )
2.Indian Institute of Science, (Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Bangalore, India)
3.Bangalore University, University Visveshvaraya College of Engineering (Former Professor, Department of Electronics
and Communications, Bangalore University,)
E-mail: voguru1@gmail.com

Advanced functional Textiles, Engineering and Clothing Materials
Functional materials are generally characterised as those materials which possess particular native properties and functions of
their own. For example, Ferro electricity, piezoelectricity, magnetism or energy storage functions
Functional clothing are made from functional materials which have specific performance and meet user requirements under
changing body and environmental conditions of the wearer
Bio-medical textiles and design
Bio-medical textiles are a unique materials platform for devices. They provide flexibility, porosity, conformability and
compaction characteristics that mimic natural tissue responses within the body. e.g. application of biological fibers like
collagen, degradable polymers like polyglycoloids,polylactids and other copolymers

Construction and Development of Advanced functional textile materials

Passive textile and clothing materials
Passive smart textile is the first generations of smart textiles, which can only sense the environmental conditions
Active textile and clothing materials
An active smart textile material is the second generation of smart textiles which has both actuators and sensors. Active smart
materials include shape memory, water-resistant, heat storage, thermo regulated vapour absorbing and heat evolving fabrics
Bio-integrated flexible and stretchable systems: schematic illustration of bio-integrated electronics in development today across a
broad range of biomedical applications.
Minimally invasive and implantable devices include electrophysiological sensors (ECoG, ECG), angioplasty tools, prosthetic
eye/skin, and optoelectronic nerve stimulator, etc.
Wearable bioelectronics include physiological sensors (pressure, strain, temperature sensors) integrated with transdermal drug
delivery devices and data storage devices.
Continuous monitoring and real-time feedback therapy are performed in conjunction with the wireless communication.
Energy supply module is an essential component to bioelectronics systems for mobile and personalized healthcare

Ergonomics in clothing design

Design of optical macro-bending sensors Passive textile materials

Techniques used for manipulating functional clothing and textiles

Functioning of active textile materials

Phase change active textile materials (PCM)

Substances that undergo the process of phase change are also known as phase change materials (PCMs).
These materials store, release or absorb heat as they oscillate between solid and liquid form, giving off heat as they change to a solid
state and absorbing it as they return to a liquid state.
Some PCMs change phases within a temperature range that is just above and just below human skin temperature.
This property now is being used in fabric and foam to store body heat and then release it when needed.
PCMs in the form of microcapsules can be incorporated within fibres or foams, or may be coated onto fabrics.

Anthropometry
Deals with the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body
Work Space Envelope
Defined as the 3-dimensional space around an individual in which it is reasonably optimal for persons to perform some type of
manual activity
Principles of anthropometry in designing Zoning techniques
Design for extremes of individuals (or the population) Involves the placement of different patterns of the fabric at different positions
Design with an adjustable range
Design for the average - vs. design for the extreme
Variability of population

Bio-mechanical engineering
Biomechanical engineering enables wearers to achieve the highest level of comfort, fit and interaction from their clothing
as it is designed with the mechanics of the body in mind.
This enables products to be developed that are specifically designed for the mechanics of their end purpose (e.g. sports High performance functional fibers applications
bra) as well as the everyday movement of the body

Hospital clothing
Protective clothing Chemical protective clothing

Glass ,Carbon fiber, Aramid fiber,PBI (polybenzimidazole),PBO (polyphenylenebenzobisoxazole) and PI (polyimide) fiber,
PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) ,Melamine Fiber,Fluoropolymer (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene),HDPE (high-density
polyethylene),Ceramic fibers