20 l00l Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R.

Rojas Jr
DC Electric Circuits 2l
Note' 5peci6c
resistance
ofthe cableandlengthareconstantin bothconditions
tr
ft=

R,=
P l n rz
2rl.

tn?
t,
11
$flEMjeCfffijit$
R2 tnc
q'
/ ,,\ / 0ltil'suw
[ , " ? -] ['"0) t rhm's Law states that the current flowing in an electric circuit is directly
R ,=R.l
' 'lln',1
" -lr"9l
l=600lJl
lrroportional to the impressed emf appliedto the circuit and inversely to the
l. r.'./ \ 1i cquivalent resistance of the said circuit.Named after the German physicist,Georg
s Ohm (1787 -1854).
Rz= 757Cl

11
tf
R12 Ri=
G = 0.0833mho r E**R,

wlrere: E = impressed voltage(volt)

| = currentdrawn(ampere)
R = resistance(ohm)

TlIGINIGII
POWH
':. Electrical power - rate of using or consumingthe electricalenergy

:' Watt - unit of electricalenergyequal to one joule of energy consumedin one

second. Named afterthe Britishengineerand inventorJames Watt (1736-
1819).

:S++#'
rrr'ro P = electricalpower(watt)
E = voltage(volt)
| = current(ampere)
R = resistance(ohm)
 22 I20I Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. RojasJr. DC Eleclric Oircuits 2-l

TITGIIIGTI
&IIHI TTTI8T
TQUIUI|.TII$ u01r[8r
ltutstumt0nrttuDn]0nRtstsnns
Goxxrcrllt
tr $rilrs
* Energy- the capacityto do work Et E2

ffiffiffi
where: W = eleclrical energy (joule)
Q = heat energy (catorie)
P = electrical power (watt)
t = time (second)
m = mass of the material(gram)
c = specific heat of the material (calorie per gram _"C) : l, ,tc,lf therearethreeor moreresistances
in series,
reduce6rstthe circuitinrotwo
Ar = change in temperatureof the material(.C) ,,,r\t()rsin seriesbeforeapplyingthe VDT.

Note: 1 caloriex 4.186ioules

1 BTV= 252calories Pmllul-G0tx[GnD
RIS|ST0nS
i Kilowatt-hour (kw-hr) - unit in which electricalenergy is sold to a customer 'i Parallel circuit - the resistancesare connectedacross each other.

Il
Note: 1 day= 24 hours
1 month = 30 days
1 year= 365 Aays= 8760 hours
lr,

siltts-G0ttlctr0
RIstsI0R$
* Seriescircuit - the resistances
areconnected
endto end.
f, *! +12+13
+ E t- + Ez-
I,

t lrricpen{entof the circuitconnectioneitherseries,parallelor combinationof

'i,, t,rtalpowerdrawnby the circuitiseguiralent
to the powers{rawn by eachload

Ft - F.r+Pt +&i+.;'ry*&p

hrh*F *tj*
 D C l :l ec tri t (' tn utt.t f t
24 l00 l SolvedProblcm.sin Electrical Engineeringby R fulas.lr.

G0lllltcrllllll
iltontil tc0DloRRIslsT0Rs
Dtutst0lt
GURRIilT RTSISIORS
BT1IA&WYT.G||IIIItGITII
PARA]lTI

,l a =- l ,R z
' R, +R,
Ir
, lrRt
''
l^ =-

R , +R ,

Notc, lf thc r c lr c t hr ee or m or c r c s is t aDc es in p a r a l l c l r, e , l r r c ef i r . i l h e . r r ,r r i t r n t . r ( w , ,

1t 1 | r
r('qr\t\'r\rr rp. t r t llc Ll- ef or er 1' 1' l'r r, r gihc CPT Wye to delta transformations

$tntrs-PAnAt]H RlstsroRs
G0]ilttcT[0 XY+YZ+ZX
n=-2-
^
XY+YZ+7J
o=-_T_-
- ^
XY+YZ+ZX
t J = -l ' -+

* Series-parallelcircuit - a combinational
circuitwhichwhen simplifiedwill result
intoa seriescircuit.

Delta to wye transformations

R tR t
R .= R .* AB
R, +R. x=A#;c Y=
'
A+B+C
t-BC
=-
A+B+C

i f A = B = C = Raand X =Y = Z= Rv
p[R[1U1-SrRrrS
G||]|]|IGTI0
nISFI0nS
Parallel-seriescircuit - a combinational
circuitwhichwhen simplifiedwill result Rd
Ry
into a oarallelcircuit. Ra = 3Rv 3

p. = Rt(Rz+Rs)
' Rr +(Rz+Rs)
26 I00l Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by Il. Roju.rJr.
Test2 27

I'roblem lS: EE Board April tgaa

n Il:rrangaypowerstationsupplies60 kW to a load over 2,500 ft, 100 mm', two-
i
' 'rrllu(:lorscopperfeeder,the resistanceof which is 0.078 ohm per 1000 ft. The bus
t,,rrvolt;rgeis maintainedconstantat 600 V. Determinethe loadcurrent.

rt 105A
il 108A
l l 0A
Probtern:tas EE Board Octobcr rlqz '
tr l 02 A
A loadof 10 ohmswas @nnectedto a l2-volt battery.The currentdrawnwas
1.18amperes.Whatis the intemalresistance
of the baftery? l'roblem !}6:
A 120 V DC motor draws currentof 100 A and is located1000 ft from the supply
A. 0.35ohm '.,,,r,.r) lf the diameterof the coppertransmission
line is 0.45 inch,what must be the
B. 0.20ohm v,,ll.rt;r-.
of the supply?
C. 0.25ohm
D. 0.30ohm 125.32Y
^i l r30.24V
Probtern tt: r 129.32V
The potentialat the terminalsof the batteryfallsfromg V on opencircuitto 6 tr 127.05V
volts when a resistorof 10 ohms is connectedacrossits terminals.What is the
internalresistance
of the battery? t'roblem l7: EE Board October t'986
A LRT car, 5 km distancefrom the Tayuman,takes 100 A over a 100 mm hard
A. 5O ilr,rwncoppertrolleywire having a resistanceof 0.270 ohm per km. The rail and
B. 4O ,lr,urld returnhas a resistanceof 0.06 ohm per km. lf the stationvoltageis 750 V,
c. 3C) wlr,rtrs the voltageof the car?
D. 20
{t8sV
Problern t3s EE Board Apdt r99Z ^
tr 590V
Theelectromotive forceof a standardcellis measured
witha potentiometer t ir85 V
that
givesa readingof 1.3562V. when a 1.0megaohmresistoris connected acrossthe tr :t90V
standardcell terminals,the potentiometer readingdropsto 1.3s60V. what is the
internalresistance
of the standardcell? I'roblem lE!
I he hot resistanceof an incandescentlamp is 10 ohms and the rated voltageis
A. 174.5ohms ',tt V Find the series resistancerequiredto operatethe lamp from an 80 V supply.
B. 145.7ohms
C. 147.5ohms ,. 8()
D. 157.4ohms tr 4Q
0()
Problemi]4: r, 10Q
A batteryis formedof fivecellsjoinedin series.Whenthe externalresistance
is
4 ohms,the currentis 1.5A andwhenthe externalresistance is g ohms,lhe current I'roblem 393
fallsto 0.75A. Findthe internalresistanceof eachcell. A resistive coil draws 2 A al 1'10 V after operating for a long time. lf the
| ,,r[,()rature rise is 55 'C above the ambienttemperalureof 20 'C, calculatethe
A. 0.5ohm , ..r, rrralresistancewhichmust be initiallyconnectedin serieswiththe coilto limitthe
B. 1.0ohm ,, nt to 2 A. The temperaturecoefficientof the materialof the coil is 0.0043per 'C
C. 0.2ohm r l .11" Q .
D. 0.3ohm
,r 10.12ohms
Ir 10.52ohms
7 28 I001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Rojas Jr. Test2 29

11. 45o h ms Probtern rl4;zE,EBoard April r99Z

D. 12. 05o h ms lf a resistorrated at 5 watts and 6 volts are connectedacross a batterywith an
open circuit voltage of 6 volts. What is the internal resistanceof the battery if the
Probtem 4o: resultingcurrentis 0.8 A?
A carbonresistordissipates60 W of powerfroma 12OY sourceat 20 'C. How
muchpowerwillbe dissipatedin the resistorat 120'C if connected acrossthe same A 0.30 ohm
source?Assumethetemperature of carbonat 20 'C is -0.0005per'C.
coefficient lJ 0.26ohm
o 0.23 ohm
A. 61.50W () 0.03ohm
B. 65.21W
c. 62.34W Problen 45:
D. 63.16W A high voltage DC transmission line delivers 1000 MW at 500 kV to an
, rqgregateload over a distanceof 900 km. Determinethe voltageat the sendingend.
Problem 41: EE Board April a9ta, EE Boatd Oetober r9a4 n ssumethe loop resistanceof the lineto be 1 me per km.
Two (2) 11$V incandescent lampsA and B are connectedin seriesacrossa
230-Vsource.lf lampA is rated75 wattsandlampB is rated50 watts,determine
the A 510.5kV
currentdrawnby the seriesconnection. ti 505.2kv
c 507.7kV
A. 0.52A t) 503.6kv
B. 0.64A
c. 0.48A Problern 46: EE Board April r9a9
D. 0.57A It is requiredthat a loading of 3 kw be maintainedin a heating element at an
rrrrlraltemperatureof20"C,avoltage ot22oV is necessaryforthepurpose.Afterthe
Problen42: .lcment has settled down to steady state, it is found that a voltage of 240 volts is
R is to be placein seriesso
An arc lamptakes10 A at 50 volts. A resistance nr)cessaryto maintain the 3 kw loading. The element resistance temperature
thatthe lampmayburncorrectly froma 110V supply.Findthe powerwastedin this , refficient is 0.0006 per degree centigradeat 20'C. Calculatethe final temperalure
resistor. ol the heatingelement.

A. 800watts 345.43"C
B. 600watts |^ 326.42"C
C. 700wafts r 336.84' C
D. 900watts l) 318.48' C

Probtenr 4l: I'roblem 471

Conductor "x' of a certainmaterialanda givencrosssectionhasa resistance of A 200-w, 110-V incandescent lamp has a filament having a temperature
0.1 ohm per meterand a temperature of 0.005per "C. Conductor
coefficient "y" of , ,,,'lficientof resistanceequalto 0.005 at 0 "c. lf the normaloperatingtemperature
anothermaterialand a givencrosssectionhas a resistance of 0.5 ohmsper meter "t tlrc bulb is 2500 "C, how much currentwill the bulb draw at the instantit is turned
and a temperature coefficientof 0.001per 'C. ls desiredto makea coil havinga , ,'r Assuma roomtemperatureof 20 'C.
resistanceof 500 ohms and a temperature coefficient
of 0.002by usingsuitable
lengthsof thetwowiresconnected in series.Calculatethe requiredlengthof wire"x" ,' ,' 9.42A
Ir l B 37A
A. 1225m ' .,2.31A
B. 1250m tr .,8.21A
C. 1240m
D. 1210m I'r'oblem {t:
ll)e powerdrawnby a resistivecoil made of copperwire is 220 w at 100 V and
' r) (l C al cul at et he power consum e by t he coil at 115 V and 100. C. The
I' ,,rt' ,' r;rture
coeff icient
of r esist ance
at 20'C is 0. 00393.
 I00l Solved Problems in Electrical Test2 3l
A . 175 W A 5A
B . 211 W B 64
c . 183W c 4A
D. 225W t) Noneofthese

Probten 49: Problem 54:

An electric water heater has a rating of 1 kw, 230 v. The coil usectas the Three resistorsof 10, 12 and "x" ohms, respectivelyare connected in parallel
heatingefementis 10 m long and has a resistivilyof '1.724 x 10 ohm-cm.Determine ,rcrossa constantcurrentsouroeof 8 A. Determine"x' if this resistordraws 2.5 A.
the requireddiameterof the wire in mils?
A 10C )
A. 2.43 mils B 12o-
B. 2.52 mils r. 13O
C. 3. 2 1m i l s
t) 11 C )
D. 1. 3 5m i l s
Problern 35s
Problem 5;o:
Two resistorsA and B made of differentmaterialshave temperaturecoefficients
When two resistorsA and B are connectedin series,the total resistanceis 36
,,1resistancat 20 "C of 0.004 and 0.006 respectively.When connectedacross a
ohms. When connectedin parallel,the total resistanceis 8 ohms. What is the ratioof
voltage source at 20 'C, they draw current equally. What percentageof the total
the resistanceR" to resistanceR6 . Assume R" . Ro . r rrrreflt at 100 'C does resistorA carry?

A . 0. 5 A 47.14o/o
B . 0. 4 tt 52.860/o
c. 0.8 r. 61.34o/o
D. 0.6 t) 3866%

Problem ft: EE Board llarch t99B lDroblem 56:

Threeresistorsof 10,15and20 ohmseachareconnected
in parallel.
what is I wo resistorsA and B made of differentmaterialshave temperaturecoefficients
theequivalent
resistance? ,'! rc:;rslaocof 0.003 and 0.005, respectively.When connectedin parallelacross a
v,,lt,rryesourceat 15'C, it consumesequal power.What is the ratio of the power
A. 45 ohms ,tr.rwrrby resistorB to that in resistorA when temperaturerises to 60 "C? Assume
B. 17.2ohms .,rpplyvoltdgeis constant.
C. 0.22ohm
D. 4.62ohms ,. o tt2g
tr o 1)26
Problem: i2 , o {)64
Theequivalent
resistanceof threeresistorsA, B and c connectedin parallelis r, r) tJB 2
1.714ohms.lf A is twiceof B and c is half as muchas B, find the equivalent
resistance
whenthethreeof themareconnected in series. |'..(}htem 57: EE Board March f99E
ltrrtreresistorsof 10, 15 and 20 ohms each are connectedin parallel.What is
A. 17.5ohms rr,, l ,,t,rl t;onduct ance?
B. 21.0ohms
C. 24.5ohms ,)., l /mho
D. 28.0ohms lr l ,l l rnhos
, .l t;;,tnh os
Problem sit: I , l t ,) .) l nho

Threeresistorsof '10,12 and15 ohmsareconnected in parallel.Evaluate the

valueof currentto the parallelsystemthat will makethe currentin the .l0

t
ohm
resistor
equalto 2 A.
32 1001 SolvedProAr,,tt i, tt"rtrirt b.t,R Rojus,/r l'est ) t -t

Probtern SE: A 'l1 ohms

Two heatingunitsx and y are connectedacrossa 100 V supply.Unit y takes Ii 12 ohms
twice as much power as unit x. Total power suppliedby the sourceis 22gd watts. r 10 ohms
Determinethe total powerdrawnby the heatingunitsif they are connectedin series l) I ohms
acrossthe same source
Problem 61s
A. 615.32W Fromthe circuitas shown.determinethe resistancebetweenterminalsa & b.
B. 506.58W
C. 582.45W
D. 604.38W

Problem 59:
Three resistorsRt, Rz and Rs are connectedin series-parallel
with Rt in series
with the parallelcombinationof Rz and Rs The whole combinationis connected tr 10000
acrossa 12OV DC source.ResistorsRr, Rz and Rs take 750 W, 250 W and 200 W, r' 1923c)
respectlvelyCalculatethe resistanceRz. , ,r083Q
t' ) 352{ l
A . 8. 10C )
B . 8. 52O
I'roblem 64: EE Board October 1997
c . 7. 84A A 1O-ohm and a 20-ohm resistanceare connected in parallel. Another
D. 9. 22r ) r,.r..l ;rncofS- ohm isconnect edinser ieswit ht het wo.
lf t hesupplyvolt ageis48
v,,lt',,what is the currentthroughthe 1O-ohmresistance?
Probtem 6o:
Two lamps X and Y are connectedin series.Lamp X is rated 50 w at 100 V rt .j 21 A
while lamp Y is ratedat 100 W at 100 V also.The two lampsare to be connectedin tt .) 74A
seriesacrossa 200 V source.What resistancemust be connectedacrosslampA so ' 4O2A
that each lampwill operateproperly? l' ' , /24

A. 150o h ms l'r'otrlem 653

B. 100o h m s /\ :10-ohmresistoris connectedin parallelwith a variableresistanceR. The
C. 200 ohms 1'' ,rllr'lcombinationis then connectedin serieswith a 6-ohmresistorand connected
D. 180o h m s r r,, ,', ,r 120V source.Findthe minimumvalueof R if the powertaken by R is equal
| |I ,,' I)()wertaken by the 6-ohmresistor.
Problern 613 EE Board October r99Z
A S-ohmresistanceis connectedin parallelwith a 10-ohmresistance.Another l o:]5 cl
set, a 6-ohm and an 8-ohmresistancesare also connectedin parallel.The two sets t., )4 e
are connectedin series.What is the equivalentresistance? rrr,l 4o
I4(i o
A. 6. 76o h m s
B. 9. 25o h m s
t'r otk.m 66: EE Board March f998
C. 14. 4o h m s
I \^r) | esistancesof 10 and 15 ohms,each respectively are connectedin parallel.
D. 21. 2o h m s
, r.i ,;rre th en connect edin ser ieswit h a S- ohmr esist ance.
lt is t hen connecled
' .r l2-V battery,what are the currentand power?
Problem 6t: EE Board Mareh r99B
Two resistancesof 10 and 15 ohms each respectively
are connectedin parallel. I .' A 17 28W
The two are then connectedin series with a S-ohm resistance.what is the
' i ,l t , A , 11 52W
equivalentresistance? I rr,rA 13'l W
r,,A 2025W
 Test2 -t.f
I00l Solved Problems in Electrical
t'. 72.4o/o
Problem 6J:
r) 74.8%
An 8-ohm resistor is connected in series with a parallel combination
of two
resistors, R and 24 ohms. Determine R if the power consumed by the parallel-
connectedresistorsis equal to the power consumedby the g-ohm resLtor. Problern 72.88 Board October 1997
A process equipmentcontains 100 gallons of water at 25 'C. lt is requiredto
A. 10 o h ms trringit to boilingin 10 minutes.The heat loss is estimatedto be 5%. What is the kW
B. 16 o h ms r;rtingof the heater?
C. 12 o h m s
D. 20 ohms A 125 kW
tt 252kW
(; 50.5kW
Probtern 68:
r) 207 kW
A multi-tapresistor R is connectedacross a 220-V supply. A voltmeterwhose
internalresistanceis 15-ko is connectedacross the centei iap and one end
of the Problern TtzE,B Board October 1989
supplyterminals.lf the voltmeterregisters100 V, what is the value of resistorR.
A total of 0.8 kg of water at 20 "c is placed in a 1-kw electrickettle.How long a
in minuteis neededto raise the temperatureof the water to 100"C?
trnrt--
A. 5.5 kO
B . 5. 0 k o
i\ 4.46 min.
c. 6.0ko il 5.32min
D. 6.5ko r 6.34mi n
l) 4 56 mi n
Problem 69:
A potentialdividerof resistance of 50 ohmsis connectedacrossa 100 V DC I'roblem 74zE,E Boetd October r99a
source.A load resistanceof 10 ohms is connectedacrossa tap in the potential flow many caloriesdoes an electricheaterof 100 watts generateper second?
dividerand the negativeterminarof the source.lf a currentof + A nowstowards
the
load,whatis the currentsuppliedby the source? A 10
It :' 3 88
A. 5.32A r 1000
B. 5.05A tt 4225
c. 5.21A
D. 5.48A |lroblem 75: EE Board October 4997
I lre electricenergy requiredto raise the temperatureof water in a pool is 1000
Problem 7o: r.r,vlr lf the heat losses are 25o/o,lheheatingenergy requiredwill be -.
Tworesistors A andB areconnected in seriesacrossa 220v DCsource.when
a voltmeterwithan internalresistance of 10 ka ohms,is connected acrossresistor ,, | l 11 kwh
A, the instrumentreads100 V and whenconnectedacrossresistorB, it readsgo rr t.,t)6kWh
volts.Findthe resistance
of resistorA. , ti frokwh
r, ttt.l kWh
A. 4kc)
B. 3 kc) t'r'obtcm 76s EE Board April r99l
c. 5ko Arrclectricheatercarries 12 A al1 10 V, is submergedin 22.5lbs of water for 30
D. 6ko ,,, rr,... What will be the final temperatureof the water if its initialtemperatureis
r',1
Probtem Zr: EE Board April rggt
An electricketilewas marked500w, 230V foundto take15 minutes , rr,,43' F
to bring1
kilogramof waterat 15 "c to boilingpoint.Determine
then""t tt | . " t 4 '2 ' 'F
theketfle. , | \ r l r ( i '' F
"rti"n"/of
A. 79.1o/o r' l , 'r t . l : ] "[
B. 75.3%
36 1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Rojas Jr. Test2 37

Problem 77zE,E Board October rggo 3n

B.
ln an electricheaterthe inlettemperatureis 15 'C. Water is flowingat the rate of 2
300 grams per minute.The voltmetermeasuringvoltageacross the heatingelement
reads 120 volts and an ammetermeasuringcurrenttaken reads 10 amperes.When ^R
3
steady state is finally reached,what is the final readingof the outletthermometer?
D3R
A. 57. 6' C
B. 68. 4' C Probtem t2:
c. 72.6"C Three resistors of 6-ohm resistanceare connected in delta. Inside the delta
D. 42. 6" C anotherthree 6-ohm resistorsare connectedin wye. Find its resistancebetweenany
two corners.
Probtern 7a3 EE Board Oetober r99r
Four cubic meters of water is to be heated by means of four 1.5 kW, 230-V A 2 ohms
ll 3 ohms
immersion heating elements. Assuming the efficiency of the heater as 90%, ()
determinethe time requiredboilingthe water if the initialtemperatureis 20"C and if 4 ohms
l) 1 ohm
all four elementsare connectedin parallel.

A. 71 hrs
B. 63 hrs
c. 69 hrs
D. 66 hrs

Probten 79s EE Board October r99r

Fourcubicmetersof wateris to be heatedby meansof four 1.5 kW, 230-
immersionheatingelements.Assumingthe efficiencyof the heater as
determinethe time requiredboilingthe water if the initialtemperatureis 20"C and
the elementsare connectedtwo in series in parallelwith two in series.

A. 275.6hrs
B. 295.3hrs
c 252.2hrs
D 2&1.4hrs

Probtem So! EE Board April 1997

A circuitconsisting
of threeresistorsrated:10 ohms,15 ohmsand20 ohms il 842.853.A6/'.875.D
connectedin delta.Whatwouldbe the resistances of the equivalent
wye \2 A43.854.865.D76.4
load? t.t c44.A55.866.C77.C
t,4 c45.D56.867.C78.C
A. 0.30,0.23and0.15ohm 846.C57.A68.C79.4 tl h - 5 ? - To p n o tch e r
B. 3.0,4.0and5.0ohms 847.C58.869.880.C
C. 3.33,4.44and6.66ohms A48.C59.A70.C81.C 3h-q5 - Pa sse r
D. 5.77,8.66and11.55ohms c 49. B 60. C 7'1. A 82. B
850.A61.A72.D eh-35 - C o n d i ti o n a l
Probtem ar: EE Board Octobcr tgg4 D51.D62.A73.A
0-e5 - Fa i l e d
Theequivalent
wyeelementof 3 equalresistors
eachequalto R and ,t I A52.863.874.B
in deltais

A.R
 JE l00l Solved I'nthlem_s.tnl',ltt'trtt.ttl1.,,1:t,,t,.,,
,,,t: l,t. ll lilt1tt:; ,lr
Solutions to Test2 J9

$olu[ons
mlostz I ct R, .- totalresistanceof the feederconductors

n, 2[ o-ge r 25oo
1l= o.3e
o
E 1000ft
L .l
t=
r+R --+
Ela
I . V , +l R 1
r=l-R= '' -10
| 1.18 R:100 P
= 0.169o l,
t' +l R ,
r=0.2Q
ooo= 60'100 +t(0.3e)
V^A ->I
r = =; = 0 .6 A {;001= 60, 000+0. 3912
iL
l' 1538 . 46+153846=0
V = E-V R = 9 -6 =3V

r=-=-
v.3 R=I0A
Using the quadraticformula:
| 0.6
r=5C) 1538.46r 1323.433
r1 5 3 8 . 4 6 r @
2(1)
, V* 1.3560
Nt>te;
Usenegative
signfor minimumcurrent
R 'lx1o6 +I
l= 1 .3 5 6 x 1 0 A 1538.46-_1323.433
|_ = 107.513
A
V =E-Vn VR 2
= 1.3562
- 1.3560 :t.3560 V R=lMA | = 108A
=
V 0.0002V E=1.3562V Let:R = totalresistance
of theline
0.0002 ---> I:t00A
- v
| 1.356x106 A = d2= (0.45x 1oo0)2= 202,500 cM
r =147.5A
n= o!
'A
vR:120v
![ t-et:r = internalresistance
percell. 1o:32(2ooo)
rr=E R- =0.1024o
202500
5r+R. E. = Vn+lR = 120+100(0.1024)
Substituteconditions
: E. = 130.24
volts +
E 1000ft
1.5=
5r+4 Assume: R = equivalent
resistance
of thecircuit
E=7.5r+6=@ Va = E" -lR
E Vn= 750- 100ftO.zz
+O.OO11S1I
0.75=
5r+9 vR =585V
E = 3.75r+ 6.75=r@

Equate
Eq.1to
Eq.2:
7.5r+6=3.75r+6.75
,= V , =9 9 = sn
r'R1
E,
10
-V, g0-50 Er=80 V
h=r 0 t2 I
I1
r=0.2O ^n, = _,.. -
40 I00l Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Rojas Jr. Solutions to Test2 4l

tr R,=i=$=ss., R x+ R y=500
Rv = 5oo-R, +(9
R z = R r(1 + c rl r)
Rt 55 = 4 4.48a
EquateEq.1toEq.2:
R .= -
' 1+ crA, 1+ 0.0043(55) R,(1+0.005A,)+ = (R, +Rr)(1+0.0024r)
Rr(1+0.0014r)
R = Rz-Rr = 55-44.48 R, +0.005A,R,'+R, =R, +0.002A,R,
+0.001A,R, +R, +0.002A,R,
R = 10.524 0.003Rx-0.001Ry=0*@
At20"C:
Eq.3in Eq.4:
Substitute
V' _1202=z4oo
R" = 0.003R,- 0.001(50o- R*) = 0
'P60
At120'C: 0.0O4R,= 9.5
Rz = Rr(1+ crA,) = 240h - O.0OO5(120'
- 2O")l=229s R, =125ohms
, 125{l
=6llcr/m
P = E ' -1 2 0 2
R2 228 "
L' =1250m
=
P 6 3 .1 6 W
+l
R6 v2 62
tr R"=f=ry=176.333o Er:230 V
It
R= -' =- =7.2A
P5
E
Eo' (115)2=264.5a t=
R. = - r+R
"P050
+26/..5=440.833O
Rr =R" +Ro =176.333
, =E-n=9-2.,
r 0.8
,t. =-
E, 230 r =0.3O
' Rr 440.833
l. = 0.52A r =(0.001)(2xeo0)=1.8o
tr
P _.1000x10_6 =2000A
,
R' , - V . =!9 =so V 500x10'
l. 10 E" = V + lr = 500,000
+ 2000(0.18)
E, = 503'6kV
R,-?=11 9=rro R1
Er:110 V
R = R t -R r- = 1 1 -5 = 6 O Iy lTl .. E.2 2202
I l l .=- l
P ro " " = l r2 R = (1 o )' ? (6 ) ' P2 3000

Ro"" = 600 watts ri,' -

E, -2402=
1g.2o
P2 3000
R t = R r(1 + q ,,A,)+ R r(1+ o rAr) tt, =R1!+cr(tz-tr)l
R r = R ,(1+ 0 .0 0 5 A ,)+ R r(1+ 0 .0 01A ,)+ @ le 2 ='16.133
!+ 0.0006(tz-20")l
R t = (R x + R ,X 1 + o tAr) r, 336.84'C
Rt = (R, + Rr)(1+ 0.002A1\+@
 Solutions to Test2 45
14 I 00 I Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R. Roias Jr.

R, Rz 10(12)= Pv=2P,+O
R= - 5.45a
R .,+ R , 10+12 P, +P, =2280+Q
ByCDT:
, l ,R Eq.1inEq.2:
Substitute
't
R, +R P*+2P, =228O
8(5'45)-5.4s P*=760W
n- =!I-n-
^ l, 2.5 Py=2(760)=1520W
R, =12c1
--+ I':2.5 A E' -1002=13.16E2
At 100.c: R =
^ P, 760
R 2" = R1"( 1 + c r "A1)
= R.r"h+ 0.004(100 E' - 1oo2=6.bgo
- zo)l=1.32Rra '-Y=
R
Py 1520
R 26 = R6( 1+ o6A1)
= Rruh+ 0.006(1oo
- 2o)l=1.48Rr p=E2_1oo2
' senes
R"r r i ." 1 3 .1 6 +6 .5 8
Note: 5incethey drawequalcurrentsal2C 'C,then Rr.= R6= R. Pserirs= 506.58 W
ByCDT:
p
'l
:R+Pz+P.=759+250+200
r" = --l!-('49xl- = 0.5286
rt p = 1200w
' 1 .3 2 R+ 1 .4 8 R 'l

l" = 52.86%of lt
lr = P, = 12oo- 1oA
-+1, Et 120
Et
P 1 750 =75y
t: - -
At100.c: L1
It 10 I 20V
R2,= R6(1+o"A1)= Rr.F+0.003(60-15)l=
1.135Rla F^ :120 - 75=45V
= =
R2s R6(1+ asAl) RluF+ 0.005(60-1S;]=
t.zZSn,o
4s2
l t, _E r2 _
= R6= R. P2 25O
at 15"C,thenRra
Note:5incetheydrawequalpowers
p2 g2 l {, = 8.1 c)
P"=& "; %=R"
Po _ R r" _ 1 .1 3 5 R
E1 - 1oo2
* ' &50 =2ooo
= 0 .9 2 6
P" Rro 1.225R
1002=100cl
R .{-
1 ' P, 'too
c .=
'Rr
'r'' 5. that the lampsmay oPerateproperlywhenconnected in series
acrossa
1111 ' L, \' \( ) r r r ce,t he voit agea*ossea. h lam pm ust be equalt o 1O O - VThus,t he
Rt Rl R2 R3 { u)! ( r . t *oss t he par aliel of lam pY
br anchm ustbeequaI t ot he r esist ance
Rl R r{ R :{ Ri
111
u,' 1=0-+
1520 t00l t5al 200 RR'
t' ,!irL'v
G t = 0 .2 1 6 7m h o R r R"
46 I00l Solved Problems in Electricul tini!!!!:r.r,t: hy R. RojasJr.
Solutions to Test2 47

100_
R(200)
R+200
R+200=2R
tr*, 10(20) =
10+ 20
Er - 48
+5 11.67o

R=200c) 'I
= 4.113A
Rt 11.67
E,
l l y C DT : 48V
, l, Rz _ 4.113(20)
' R',+R, 10+20
tt 2. 74A

D _ 5 (1 0 ),6 (8 ) lr ( 30)
' ' t-5 * 1 6 -6 * g l l v cDT. t " =
30+R
Rr = 6.76C) 11;- Pn
t00
1,210; =l*21p; ___-__ 1n

r 0a =R Irr'tgool l
{ ) r ,2
[(SO+ R)' J

g n,=ffi*s (lto+R)2- 9ooR

6
R' =11c) 1100+60R+R2 =150R
t5a ri'/-90R+900=0

lly quadratic
formula:

, , eot.|i/1-so1'
- 4(1x9oo) 90r 67.08
2(11
I ake C)for minimumvalueof R :
90- 67.08
u 4Q b 2
l=*T-
I ^1'- |
. 11.46 f)

' ifr 'l,f;L

z' i d tr [l ,.,, 1o(15) Et
- 1 0+15 *5=i 1o t2v
-
E'==t.ono
a _4, 2 (3 X4 ) i,
' \AB - ' -r(3 ).3 (4 ).4 (a Rt 11
R n e = 1 ' 9 2 3O t', E,l,= 1211.99;
[,, 130gw
 100 1 Solved Problens in l..lct'!rttttl l'.tttritrtt.r'r
rrtyl,v li Solutions to T'est2

Not e: 5inc e power s dr awn ar e e q u a l , t h c c q u r v l l c r r t r c \ r s [ , p ) . c

com binat ion m us t be equalt o B oh r n sa l s o .
25, 1252-4(1X-500) 25! 51. 23
2(1) 2
R " q= g
24R ,,25+
t\
51.
'-
23
^ 2
24+R
R 38. 12O
24R=192+8R
R=12C2
R in Eq. 2:
l i rrbstit ut e
t,=t2+tu 60 60
ltl t-

120 100 100 120V 50- R 50- 38. 12

- t, 5.0 5A
Rt2 Rt2 15,000
240 200 100
Using the first condition: -q,- Io +l b
R R 15,000
40 = 100 | , + l u = lo
R 15^ooo 100 100 120
-+ -= -
_ 40(15,000) R, 10, 000 Rb
= 6000
100 1 100 100
R=6KO fro 10,000(120) 120Ra
h:220 v 115- __ _1)
Itl bycDr: R b 1 2, 000 6R"
I
r 1,
t.R ET:220V
' L - P* q
t_

Using the second condition:

r,=lr(R'x.)
=S#E=O l " = l o +lv _lt
+l a
g=**P=o
Rb s
R. 10,000
V= E t-VL = V r-IL R L
v l = 1 0 0 -4 (1 0 )= 6 0 V Eq.1inEq.2:
Substitute
r,=#=a&--a Et:t00 v
!q= 80
*aof
-- .j-)
R, 10,000 [12,000 6R",
t

140 _ 11 +400
Equate Eq.l and Eq.2:
R" 750 6R"
4 (R + 1 0 ) Er:220 y
= 60 ( 140 11 4oo'\^
R s O -R
750' 6R"J""
l '-- = -+ -tr1.
(R + 1 0 )(5 0 -R )= 1 5 R i n"
5 0 R -R 2 + 5 0 0 -1 O R= 1 5 R 140= 0.0146677
Ra+ 66.6667
R 2 -2 5 R -5 0 0 = 0 R" = 4999.88
o
R"=5kf)
 Solutions to Test 2 5l
50 l00l Solved Problems in Electrical

m=22.5ruxffi=fi.2zks
Q = (1000 15)= 355,31s.J
sxa.186J/g'C)(100- c5
t, = -32\=f,trs- 32)= 1.667'c
n=Wor,ou,- _ 355810 _=0.7906 i("F
' wnp,,soo[rsmin
r ffff] Q= mcA t =m c( t z- t r )
o 570.24 = 57. 46"C
11=79.1o/o 't = -+ r. ' =- +1. 667
r^
mc 10.22(1)
9(51'a6)
=378ks - 9.c* sz=
t,' 55 *sz
@ m=1oosarxffi
x#'l#P
tr = 135'43'F
Qo4 = IncA, = 378 kg (1kcal/kg'C)(100- 25) = 28350kcal
Q,n= Qo,,+0.05Qin= 28350+0.05Qin Q = mcA,+Q
Qin= 29842.105kcal o = 0.24Pt=O.2aEft+@

Q = 0.24Pt t:quate Eq.1toEq.2:

- ,- _ ( - 6 o sec) 0 24Elt = mcAt
29842j05 =0.24P | 10 min x:i-::: I
I l mi n /
0 24Et=I1("4,)
P =207.24kW t'

Q = mcAt
( )24( 120x l o) =fl gpl m i n) f 1c al ) "'
1 ''n '66G;J[n"c,,t^"
Q = (800 gxa.186 J/g"C)(100- 20) = 267904J oC
r, . 57. 6
\, - tz -t t
W=Pt
1., a1- t 1 = 57. 6- 15
W 267904
t= = = 2 o 7 .g 0 4 r" " , l ti n t., 72. 6"C
P 1000 60 sec
t = 4.46min. the powerdrawnfrom the supply'
: ,' ,t, Theratingof the heaterisalways
Note: 1 calorie= 4.186)
l ' ,,,* ,,= 4( 1'5) =6kW
Pt 100(1) r,ue= Por""n,
| ',,rr,,, q = 6 (0.9)= 5.4 kW
A
t=4186=4186 rJ rncAt+@
Q = 23.88 calories (.) P t +@

W n = W o u t+ W o s s
,,, nr'f tooo-rg)
=oooo*n
[ 1m. )
W n = 1 0 0 0 + 0 .2 5 Wn
W n = 1 3 3 3 .3 3 3
kW - hr I r p r ; r l t ) Eq .1 to Eq .2 :
rrr, \l Pt
Q = 0 .2 4 Pt= 0 .2 4 E 1 t kJ/kg"CX100-20)"C
,,r( .n, 4000kq(4.186

t
I

t, 5.4kw
a = 0.24(110)(12)(30min; x 99!99 = 570.24kcal
m tn t ,,4u059.259 sec
52 r00I Stilvatl l,htltl,,rtt.t trt l,.ltttrical Engineering
by R. RojasJr.
Solutions to Test2
t 24lo5g 2s9 x -J.hL- = 68.9 hrs
3600 sec
E =4.44i,
A=__1oqg__
t= 6 9 h rs
B = -le g ! ) - = 3 . 3 3 0
72 zr.n2
R=E=dfu=35.2660
6 = --199-- = 6.66o
Notes:
1.Theratingofthe heaterisalwaysthe power
drawnftomthe supply.
2. Whentwo heaterelementsareconnectedin
series,
the voltagea.'ro* .a.h
elementwill be equalto 1/2 of thetotalvoltaae.
2. Sincenot specified,
assume the circuit.onn.ction doesnot affectthe - R'
E R,=RiH?R
erflctencyof the heater.
R ..= R
tIS V 115V '3
,-o-----Y-
KR ------

Convert the Y resistors to A :

R n = 3p, =3( 6) =18O

/ (c z\ 18 ( 6)
R "- - =4. 5o
=.[Yj =.(##J
Pa,*n =lsoo
w=1Skw 18+6

= Por"*nq = 1.5(0.9) = 1.35

Peffective kW Ii , = 4.5*4. 5=9O
Q = mcAt.+@
Q=Pt=+@ R, R, 4. 5( g)
,,
R, +R, 4. 5+9
m=4m3f1999lgl=oooo*n Ii ^8 = 3 O
\ 1m" )
A
Equate Eq.1toeq.2:
mcAt= Pt
. mca. a000kg(a.186kJ/kg"CX100_ 20)
"C
P 1.35kW
t = 992237.037."", th'
3600sec
t = 275.6hrs.