Step 2: Ali Alquzweeni

Selection of Topic
What is your career pathway?

Physical Science

What electives do you plan to take in your career

pathway? (Please list all of your related
electives.)

Non

Your capstone should take one of the topics that are common to your pathway electives and build a real
world project out of that topic. Which topic will you select for your capstone?

The topic is Sustainable Beach Grass

How will your chosen electives help you create a project about this theme? (Be specific about each
elective.)

Are you willing to work in a group? Circle Yes or No

Yes

Do you already have a group? Circle Yes or No. If so list the names of the people in your group along
with their pathway Yes 1. Ammar Alquzweeni / Physical Science
2. Mlak Samaan / Physical Science
Step 3:
Capstone Proposal
Student Name ______Ali Alquzweeni _______________________
Project Advisor________Mrs.Gosselin_____________________________
Career Pathway __________Physical Science ______________

My project idea focuses on a topic related to my career pathway. It will

sustain my interest and I will be able to complete the required research on
this topic. It offers an aspect of new learning and growth for me as I
incorporate the 7 core skills. I understand that my project must have
audio/visual evidence and that I will give a presentation of my work at the
capstone fair in March.

Breaking your project into definable steps will make the process much easier
for you. Setting up a timeline will help you begin and assist you in
continuing to make progress throughout the time allotted for the project.
Figuring out how much this project is going to cost may keep you from
running into problems later in the project. If you put some time and effort
into planning at the beginning, you will find the process of completing your
project much easier to handle.

1. My Project Title: (Think of a good title. This is how you project

will be identified at the fair)
Sustainable beach grass

2. My goal (s) for this project: (Make sure these have a real world
application)
My goal is to grow up the beach grass in a green house and then donate
it to beach association.

3. My strategy to accomplish the project:

Research how to grow beach grass in the green house, develop
partnership with local conservation committee, and plant sea grass.
4. My real world application
To grow, donate, plant, for local beaches.

5. For my capstone presentation, I plan to use the following visuals,

technology and/or materials:
Check any that apply
__x__ Picture __x__ Website ____ Pamphlets
__ x__ Video ____ Prezi ____ Business Cards
_x___ PowerPoint ____ Charts ____ Handouts
____ Other. Please specify.

6. If you are planning on working in a group, you must list the

names of your group members and their pathways below. The last
date to change your group is October 26th. Reminder that all
students are individually responsible for each component of the
project.
First Name Last Name
Pathway
Ammar Alquzweeni
Physical Science
Mlak Smmaan
Physical Science
7. I acknowledge that I will focus my project on the use of the
following 7 core skills:
written and oral communication, strategic reading, research,
problem-solving, collaboration and technology.
X Please check box for
acknowledgement.

Student Signature Date

Parent Signature Date
For Advisor
Project: Approved
Conditionally Accepted ____Needs some revision or correction
____Other
Not There Yet ____There is no apparent Learning
Stretch for you in this
project
____This project closely resembles one that is
already part
of the high school curriculum
____ This project has already been completed
by many
students
 ____ This project has potentially dangerous
elements
____ This project involves too much expense
____There is no connection between research
and real world
application.
____Other
Detailed Reason Not There Yet:
Step 3:
Capstone Proposal

Parent/Guardian Acknowledgement Form

To the parents/guardians of ________Ali Alquzweeni______________________:

The Senior Capstone Project will provide enormous benefits for your child
now and for the future. Successful completion of the Senior Capstone Project
is a valuable tool in determining their mastery of the content they have
learned over the past twelve years, as well as providing them the
opportunity to learn and practice critical 21st Century skills that they will
need for their future endeavors.

As a parent/guardian of a student at Weymouth High School, I am aware that

my son/daughter is required to successfully complete a Senior Capstone
Project in order to graduate with his/her class in June according to School
Committee policy. If he/she fails to meet this graduation requirement, he/she
will have the opportunity to complete the capstone project (a research paper,
15-20 pages), in one of the following manners:

Attend evening school* from April until May, student must

successfully complete Steps 2 through 5 to qualify for this option
or
Attend summer school* after his/her classmates graduate and
receive his/her diploma at a later date.
Return to school in the fall to complete Capstone Project
*Applicable fees apply

I fully understand that this project selection decision is made independently

of the staff and administration of the high school, but is subject to approval. I
understand that if the fieldwork is a product, it must be physically present at
school as part of the Senior Capstone Project presentation. If the fieldwork is
a service or activity, it must be documented by photos or video. This project
selection and approval is student and parent-centered. I therefore
assume all responsibility for any risks and costs that might be
inherent in the project chosen.

Finally, I know that if my son/daughter decides not to use original work on

any component of his/her research paper, fieldwork, product, or portfolio,
he/she will have to complete an entirely new project and submit a new
project by March 1, 2016 in order to be eligible to graduate with his/her
classmates and receive his/her diploma on graduation day in accordance
with School Committee policy.

Parent/Guardian Signature:_______________________ Date:

______________________
Parent/Guardian E-mail
:_____mrtada2004@gmail.com___________________________
Step 4:
Exploratory Research
What Is Your Working Central Question?
Introduction: The first step in developing your capstone topic is to identify
a working central question. Since your capstone project requires that you
answer a central question, you should try to select a question that interests
and that you feel passionate about. Your central question will be the focus of
your research. You should start with a general question that requires more
than just a yes/no answer. You will be required to do preliminary research
based on your central question. During this step, you must submit your
question along with a list of sources to your advisors before your capstone
project can be officially approved. Your central question does not need to be
super complex but it does need to be researchable, related to your career
pathway, and readily useable for a capstone project which could be visually
presented and that demonstrates the depth of the core 21st century skills you
have learned during your years here at Weymouth High.

Central Question Examples:

Example 1: A student in the Math Academy might concentrate on
data analysis.
Central question: How can data analysis be used to calculate the
effects of pollution on the weather in New England?

Example 2: A student in the Humanities Academy might

concentrate on teaching.
Central Question: How can lessons that involve hands-on learning
more effectively help young children learn?
My central question is:
How can Weymouth high school develop a sustainable means of growing
beach grass for donation?

Central Question Check List.

 The Central Question addresses a theme from your academy.
The Central Question requires more than a yes/no answer.
The Central Question can be expressed as a capstone project
which will demonstrate the depth of learned 21st Century skills
by the student or students.
You have read 5 sources about your central question.
You have included with this step an annotated bibliography for at least 5
sources you have read. Citations should be in MLA style and annotations should
provide a summary, evaluation, and application of the information in the source. (See
page 15 for guidance.)
The Central Question submission includes a preliminary
description of how the student/students plan to address the
capstone project which will answer your central question.
To show how to grow beach grass in a greenhouse and also show others
how to donate it.

The Central Question submission includes a discussion of who

will benefit most from this project (e.g. fields of study,
professionals, community).
The community and the fields of study will benefit from growing beach
grass.

The Central Question submission identifies any preconceived

beliefs and what you will do to ensure your research results is
not effected by bias in your analysis, interpretation of results,
and implementation of the capstone outcome.
Prevent erosion
 The Central Question includes an explanation of why you feel it
is important.
Because Weymouth high school students should know more about beach
grass and how important it is.

Step 5: Ali Alquzweeni

Researching and creating
October:
Pass in your project's annotated bibliography. This will
include annotations from Step 4 and 5 additional annotations
due for Step 5 giving you a total of 10 of your 15-20
annotations.
Continue journal entries
o Show progression of the use of 21st century skills
Update your checklist of the skills achieved so far (use your
journal to help you)
Core 21st Description of how you are progressing with the core skill. Refer
Century Skill to the school-wide rubrics to help you with this.
Strategic I used strategic reading in our research by doing annotated
Reading bibliography from reading the sources.

Written
Communicati I used this by doing discussions and texting my partners.
on
Research

I did research to look up sources.

Problem
Solving
I achieved this by planting the grass in hydroponic and
aquaponic system.
 Technology
I achieved using technology by using Eliademy.

Collaboration

My partners and I collaborated by staying after school with our

advisor and asking some questions.
Oral
Communicati My partners and I used oral communication by meeting outside
on of the school and talking and helping each other out.

Current step: 4
Name: Ali Alquzweeni

Date: 09/12/2016

Journal 1

Start of Week:

Hi diary. Step 4 is due September 28th, 2016. I am planning to find more sources and
finish my annotated bibliography. In addition to that, I am also planning to upload my
discussion as soon as possible. I just need more times to find sources. The real obstacle that I
anticipate is finding sources and I can overcome this obstacle by going to both school and
public libraries and also using the Internet to find sources. My advisor can help my partners
and I by showing us the right way to find sources.

End of Week

Date: _____9/16/2016_____________________________

The progress is that I was able to find sources, upload my discussion, did my annotated
bibliography and also I discussed with other students. This week, I employed the following
skills: strategic reading and problem solving by reading the sources and make sure that it is
related to our topic. Technology, I used the Internet to do the research and find more sources
and also using EasyBib.com for the annotated bibliography. Collaboration, my partners and I
always collaborate and help each other to do our best. Research, I researched to find sources
and more information. Written communication, by doing annotated bibliography and
uploading my discussion.
Current step: 4

Name: Ali Alquzweeni

Date: 9/19/2016

Journal 2

Start of Week:

Hi diary. The due date of step 4 is coming closer and closer which is September 28th,
2016. What I am planning to accomplish by the end of the week is to meet with my advisor
and work more with my partners. My needs are both time and personal contacts. The obstacle
that I anticipate is to know how to write the annotated bibliography. My advisor can help me
my showing me how to write bibliography.

End of Week

Date: ______9/23/2016____________________________

My progress for this week is that my partners and I found all 5 sources that we need
and also finished the annotated bibliography. This week, I employed the following skills:
strategic reading and problem solving by reading the sources and make sure that it is related
to our topic. Technology, I used the Internet to do the research and find more sources and
also using EasyBib.com for the annotated bibliography. Collaboration, my partners and I
always collaborate and help each other to do our best. Research, I researched to find sources
and more information. Written communication, by doing annotated bibliography and
uploading my discussion.
Step 5
Ali Alquzweeni

Journal 1

Starts of the week

Today is October 5, 2016. My partners and I plan to clean the beach grass that Mrs. Gossilen got
for us. After we finish the cleaning process, we then go ahead and plant it in the hydroponic
system. My needs are obviously beach grass, water, fertilizer, hydroponic system, and most
importantly time and space. The only obstacle we might face is when we clean the grass, we
might lose some of it roots, which will decrease the amount of grass we have. We can overcome
this obstacle by paying a close attention to the roots and cleaning the grass carefully. Our advisor
can help us this week by telling us the right way to cut the beach grass and the process of
planting it.

End of the week,

At the end of the week we began the cleaning process of the grass. After that we stated planting
the grass in the hydroponic system. We used technology to search of certain things and we did
research about growing beach grass in the hydroponic system. We also used collaboration; I
collaborated with my partners in both the cleaning and planting process.
Step 5

Ali Alquzweeni

Journal 2

Starts of the week

Today is October 17,2016

My partners and I plan to plant the beach grass that we cleaned in the aquaponic
system
My needs are water, fertilizer, fish, and most importantly time and space. The obstacles
we might face are finding the water pump for the aquaponic. Our advisor can help us
this week by finding us the fish and the water pump so we can plant the rest of the
grass.

End of the week

At the end of the week our advisor bought the fish and the bump. That we planted the
rest of the grass in the aquaponic system after making sure that the grass still alive.
Also we added water to the hydroponic system. This week we used technology by
researching about how to plant in the aquaponic system. I collaborated with my partners
when we planted the aquaponic system and working with each other out side the
school.
Step 6:
Present Findings
November:
Annotated Bibliography for at least another 5 additional
sources used since
Step 5.
Written Synthesis of Findings :
o 2 to 3 pages, list central question.
o Explain the methods of how research was used and
where the information came from.
o Answer central question with citations from research.
o Explain how you will solve the problem.
o Parenthetical citations and works cited page.
Continue journal entries
Begin creation process of presentation product and submit
an updated description of product
We built the aquaponic and hydroponic systems that are going to be one of the
major tools that we are going to use to present our project.

Describe what you have done or plan to do to share your

capstone with a real world audience beyond the attendees at
the fair. Must show proof of real world application picture or
video.
We are going to use pictures to show the process of growing beach grass. We
also going to use a computer and power point.

Review and revise list of the use of 21st century skills

Core 21st Explicitly discuss how your project shows evidence of
Century Skill proficiency in each of the core skills. Refer to the school-wide
rubrics to help you with this.
Strategic I used strategic reading in our research by doing annotated
Reading bibliography from reading the sources.

Written I used this by doing discussions and texting my partners.

Communicati
on
Research
I did research to look up sources.

Problem I achieved this by planting the grass in hydroponic and

Solving aquaponic system.

Technology I achieved using technology by using Eliademy.

 Collaboration My partners and I collaborated by staying after school with our
advisor and asking some questions.

Oral My partners and I used oral communication by meeting outside

Communicati of the school and talking and helping each other out.
on

Meeting with advisor:

o Discuss project creation progress
o Show progress of prior work. Must have evidence of
creating from Step 5.
o Show proof of real world application picture or video.

Ali Alquzweeni

Mrs. Gosselin

Capstone

November 12, 2016

Beach grass is found from Newfoundland to North Carolina. The plant is in the

grass family and produces spreading rhizomes, which allow the plant to entrench itself

and help stabilize soils. It is considered a dune grass and thrives in dry, salty soil with

little nutrient base. In fact, the plant thrives in seaside gardens. Using beach grass for

landscaping in areas with similar environmental situations protects important habitat and

delicate hills and dunes. It can spread 6 to 10 feet in a year but only grows 2 feet tall.

The grass produces a spikelet that rises 10 inches above the plant in July to August.

And October to March is the best time for planting beach grass in gardens. Seedlings

have difficulty establishing when temperatures are too hot and conditions are too dry.
Beach grass care and maintenance requires no mowing or trimming. Further, plants

may be harvested from mature stands by separating the culms.

My central question is, How can Weymouth high school develop a sustainable

means of growing beach grass for donation? throughout my steps I did a lot of

researching in the web to find more information about beach grass that would help to

answer my central question and support it. I did research on how to plant and be able to

grow beach grass successfully and also what is the preferable time to grow this kind of

grass. After researching, I found out that the suitable time grow beach grass is from

October 1 to March 30 in the Mid-Atlantic region, but may be extended to April 30 in

New England in most seasons. Also, from researching about beach grass, I got to know

the correct spacing needed to be left between each grass, The stems of plants (culms)

are used for planting stock. Two to three culms are planted per hole. Space plants 18 by

18. 18 by 18 spacing requires 58,500 Culms per acre, or 1,350 culms per 1,000 square

feet(plant guide). I also researched about two important processes that we are going to

use to present our project, which are the aquaponic and hydroponic systems. I

researched on how to correctly set them up so that I can be able to grow beach grass in

them.

Many students in our school Weymouth High School seem to not really like

beach grass. They think that this kind of grass does not give the beach a good look so;

they would prefer to cut it down so that the beach would look more beautiful and more

enjoyable. So, through our project we will share the importance of beach grass and also
share the good and positive things that it provides for our environment so that they

would hopefully like it and protect it.

We will solve this problem by making our project sustainable. Meaning, when we

are done with our mitotian, which is sharing the importance of beach grass to

Weymouth High School, we then will pass this subject to another person and that

person will continue working on it and hopefully would pass it to another person and

they would keep planting and donating every year and that would eventually help our

environment and the community.

Works cited

Czm. "Coastal Landscaping in Massachusetts - Plant Highlights and Images."

Energy and Environmental Affairs. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2016.

Grant, Bonnie L. "Beachgrass For Landscaping Learn About Growing

Beachgrass." Gardening Know How. N.p., 18 Mar. 2015. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.

"Sustainable Beaches and Dunes." Sustainable Beaches and Dunes. N.p., n.d.

Web. 19 Sept. 2016.

Step 7: Ali Alquzweeni
Selection of Presentation Method
Describe how you will share your capstone with a real world
audience beyond the attendees at the fair.
By creating a website on the internet. And also by providing pictures and donating
the grass. And hopefully it will be sustainable.

Describe how you will present your capstone to your advisor and the
attendees at the capstone fair.
I will present my capstone to my advisor and the attendees at the capstone fair by
using the poster, online portfolio, and also providing pictures that would show the
process of our project.
Please sketch out and label what your tri-fold will look like and
describe in writing what your table will look like at the capstone fair
night.

A table and would put on it our laptop, poster, and some candy.

Describe how your presentation plan will allow you to showcase your
mastery of each of the core 21st century skills

Core 21st Description of how the presentation of your project will help
Century Skill you showcase your mastery of this 21st century skill. Refer to
the school-wide rubrics to help you with this.
Strategic About our research and also about our annotated bibliography.
Reading

Written Our Written Synthesis paper and also the Self-Assessment Reflection
Communicati paper.
on

Research It will help show all the researches we have done to answer our central
question.
 Problem By Following the steps to complete our capstone project and also our
Solving capstone portfolio.

Technology We will be using website, slideshow of pictures, video to present our

project.

Collaboration We worked in a group of 3 and helped each other and also collaborated
with our advisor.

Oral We will be using oral communication by talking about our central

Communicati question and explaining our ideas to others.
on

Step 6

Ali Alquzweeni

Journal 1

Today is November 7, 2016 my partners and I planning to start the annotated bibliography. The

second thing is to clean the aquaponic system and the hydroponic system. Our obstacles are

space and time but we are going to over come this obstacle by staying after school. Our advisor

is going to help us this week. First to say after school with us also going to help us checking that

we put everything in the right way after cleaning the systems. Also we are planning to take

pictures of the process that will help our presentation.

End of the week

This week we had good amount of time to finish some of the work because we had two days off.

What we accomplished this week is finding sources to finish to do the annotated bibliography.

Also we stayed after school and we finished cleaning the hydroponic system and the aquaponic

system that process took two days. The other thing we did was taking pictures of the process to

help us with the presentation. This week we used technology to take pictures of the process. We

used collaboration while working on the project after school and while cleaning the systems. We

used research to find sources for the annotated bibliography.

Step 6

Ali Alquzweeni

Journal 2

Start of Week:

Today is November 21, 2016; so far we have done everything we needed except,

the annotated bibliography and the discussion. So, in this week, my partners and I

are planning to finish both the annotated bibliography and the discussion. Also, we

are planning to meet with our advisor in order to help us if we had a trouble or any

question. In this week, we only need time to finish up our step 6. And, we do not

anticipate any obstacle because we almost done with our step.

End of Week:

Today is November 27, 2016. So far we accomplished everything we planned to do.

My partners and I, fished up the annotated bibliography and the discussion since we

had such a long weekend. This week we used research by finding sources. We used

technology by visiting Easybib.com and do the annotated bibliography. We used oral

communication by talking to each other.

Journal 1

Step 7

Name: Ali Alquzweeni

Start of Week:
My partners and I are planning to transfer the grass from the two systems to
the soil and the sand and after that we will clean the systems. Our needs for
this week are time, space, fertilizer, soil, and sand. Our concern is that the
grass might not adapt to the new environment and might eventually die. Our
advisor can help us this week by bringing us the sand and fertilizer.
End of Week
This week we achieved all the things that we planned in the beginning of the
week. We transferred the grass from the two systems to the soil and the
sand. And we cleaned the aquaponic and hydroponic system. We also used
collaboration; I collaborated with my partners in both the cleaning and planting process. We used
technology to take pictures of the process. And also oral communication by talking with our
advisor.

Journal 2

Step 7

Name: Ali Alquzweeni

Start of Week:

This week my partner and I are planning to look for beach association to donate the
grass to also we are watching the grass while growing because we are concerning that
it might not adapt to the new soil. Our needs this week are the time and space. Also
we are planning to take pictures of the process that will help our presentation .our
advisor is going to help us to know how we going to donate the grass.
End of Week

We are still looking for beach association to donate the grass to. Also the grass seems
to adapting to its new environment. Also we took pictures of the process. We used
technology to take pictures of the process. We used collaboration while working on
the project.

Ali Alquzweeni
Mrs. Gosselin
Sep/25/16

Bibliographies

Czm. "CZ-Tip - Dune Building with Beachgrass." Energy and

Environmental Affairs. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.

This source talks about the importance of the American beach grass. We learn from this source
that we can put beach grass as a defense against the winds, waves, and flooding that continuously
batter and eat away someones coastal property. It also explains that this hardy, salt-tolerant,
native grass has strong, fast-growing underground rhizomes. The rhizomes spread beneath the
sand and give rise to many new plants, helping to stabilize sands. This source also talks about
dunes and how can they provide a physical buffer between the sea and inland areas, helping to
protect homes and properties from the damaging effects of waves, wind, storm surges, and
flooding.

"Planting Beachgrass." Planting Beachgrass | Church's Beachgrass and

Nursery. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.
/.latest_citation_text
 This source simply talks about planting beach grass and provides the reader with some
helpful tips that would help growing beach grass successfully, effectively and with less
effort. It teaches the reader what to use since there are so many different ways to plant
beach grass. Also, it talks about the space and the depth you need to effectively grow
beach grass.

Grant, Bonnie L. "Beachgrass For Landscaping Learn About Growing

Beachgrass." Gardening Know How. N.p., 18 Mar. 2015. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.

This source talks about the important of beach grass and how using beach grass for landscaping
in areas with similar environmental situations protects important habitat and delicate hills and
dunes. Also, it talks about the perfect time to plant beach grass. October to March is the best time
for planting beach grass in gardens. This source also talks about how to take care of beach grass.
Beach grass care and maintenance requires no mowing or trimming. Further, plants may be
harvested from mature stands by separating the culms.

Black, Kenneth. "How to Grow American Beachgrass." GardenGuides.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.

This source simply provides the reader some important tips and also important steps to
plant beach grass safely. Doing these steps correctly, will ensure the planter the best
chances of success with these kinds of species. It shows that Beach grass can help keep
sand dunes stabilized, which is very important for our environment and would keep it
safer.

Hoyt, Richard. "Sand Erosion Control Grass Seeding." Home Guides.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.

This source talks about the problems of sand erosion and how to avoid these problems.
Most problems with sand erosion occur on beaches or just inland from beaches. It also
explains that ocean wind blows the sand and deposits it somewhere else, and rain and
incoming and outgoing tides create rivulets that move sand. In addition, this source
discuses the planting procedure of the American beach grass.
Ali Alquzweeni
Mrs. Gosselin
Oct 20, 16

Bibliographies

"Hydroponic Systems 101." Hydroponic Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct.

2016.

This source talks about hydroponic system and defines it, which is a method of growing plants in
water based, nutrient rich solution. This source also shows that Hydroponics does not use soil, instead the root
system is supported using an inert medium such as perlite, Rockwool, clay pellets, peat moss, or vermiculite.
The sources teaches us a lot about what plants need in their various stages of growth by reading about the
basics of hydroponics. In addition, this source talks about the advantages and disadvantages of growing with
hydroponic. The biggest advantage is a greatly increased rate of growth in your plants. And one disadvantage
is a quality hydroponics system of any size will cost more than its soil counterpart. It also mentions the types
of hydroponic system and gives a lot useful tips.
"The Lake Huron Centre For Coastal Conservation - Trans Planting
Beachgrass." The Lake Huron Centre For Coastal Conservation -
Trans Planting Beachgrass. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.

Basically, this source talks about American beach grass also known as (Ammophila
breviligulata). It talks about how and where to get the grass from and also how the region that
you get it from might impact our environment. The source explains that the grass should be
obtained from local sources. Importing from other areas can introduce genetically different
plants, or introduce disease that local plants may be unable to live with. In addition, this source
provides us with information on how to plant beach grass successfully.

"Shoreline & Waterway Management." Dune Protection and

Improvement. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.

This source basically talks about sand dunes, which are a natural barrier to the destructive forces
of wind and waves, and are our first line of defense against coastal storms and beach
erosion. They absorb the impact of storm surge and high waves, preventing or delaying flooding
of inland areas and damage to inland structures. One of the easy and effective ways to get rid of
or decrease the coastal storms and beach erosion is to plant beach grass. Planting American
beach grass is the most effective way to stabilize existing dunes and build new dunes along our
coastline. It is easy to plant and it spreads rapidly. It reduces wind velocity near the ground and
traps windblown sand around the grass.

2, 2013News By GreenGroSeptember. "Aquaponics: How Does It Work?"

Greengro Technologies. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.

This source talks about aquaponic system and how it works. Aquaponics allows you to produce
fish and plants in the one system with a large reduction in water use. The source states that
Aquaponics is the combination of Aquaculture and Hydroponics. It explains that
Aquaculture and hydroponics are both very efficient methods of producing fish and vegetables
that have individual downsides. But, when combining the two, those negative aspects are turned
into positives. The reader can learn the benefits of this kind of system, what type of plants can be
grown in it, and also what type of fish can be grown in it.

"Aquaponics System And How To Build One." Aquaponics System And How To
Build One. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.

Basically, this source defines aquaponic system as a revolutionary process, which combines
aquaculture and hydroponics to grow fish and plants together in one integrated system, creating a
mini ecosystem. In this system, the fish waste or the end product, Nitrate is nutrients to the
plants. They just love it and thats one of the reasons why most plants grow faster and bigger in
an aquaponics environment. The plants actually act as natural filters that would clean the water
in the system. This source provides really very helpful information. It helps the reader realize
that this kind of system is an extremely effective way to produce healthy fish and vegetable,
where plants can potentially grow twice as fast and up to ten times more produce using the same
amount of space as compared to conventional farming methods.

Ali Alquzweeni

Bibliographies
"A Guide to Managing Coastal Erosion in Beach/dune Systems." A Guide to
Managing Coastal Erosion in Beach/dune Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov.
2016.

This source talks about dune grass planting that would help managing coastal erosion in
beach/dune systems. It states that Vegetation encourages dune growth by trapping and
stabilizing blown sand. Transplanting marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) to the face of
eroded dunes will enhance the natural development of yellow dunes above the limit of
direct wave attack. These natural dune grasses act to reduce wind speeds across the
surface, thereby trapping and holding sand. They grow both vertically and horizontally
as the sand accumulates. Marram grass is particularly effective as it positively thrives on
growing dunes, and is perhaps the easiest to transplant. Also, Vegetation encourages
dune growth by trapping and stabilizing blown sand. Transplanting marram grass
(Ammophila arenaria) to the face of eroded dunes will enhance the natural development
of yellow dunes above the limit of direct wave attack.

"How Do Beach Grasses Prevent Erosion?" Home Guides | SF Gate. N.p., n.d.
Web. 26 Nov. 2016.

This source talks about erosion and how can beach grass prevent it. Beach grasses
help keep a sand dune in place when the grass roots run deep and the grass has grown
tall enough to act as a natural wind barrier. When winds blow, more sand accumulates
in the grassy areas of the dune. Over time, the grass propagates, resulting in even more
grass coverage and erosion control. Also, Beach grasses and their ability to trap sand
result in higher levels of sand and land in grassy beachfront areas over time. Beach
grasses on sand bars create larger sand bars and eventually islands as more plant
seeds are naturally sown and take root among the grasses. The more lush and large the
grassy area, the more sand and sediment build up over time.

"A Guide to Managing Coastal Erosion in Beach/dune Systems." A Guide to

Managing Coastal Erosion in Beach/dune Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov.
2016.

This source talks about a cool thing, which is a Sand bag. Sand bags of various sizes
and lengths can be used to form temporary reefs, breakwaters, groynes, headlands or
revetments on sand beaches. Sturdy geotextile bags are filled in-situ with local beach
sand and therefore have a relatively low cost. This kind of thing can actually help
managing coastal erosion in beach/dune systems. Sand bag structures can be placed
without the need for costly equipment or skilled labor. They can be used to form any
form of shoreline structure but will have a short life expectancy due to lack of resistance
to physical damage.

"Shoreline & Waterway Management." Beach Grass Planting. N.p., n.d. Web.
26 Nov. 2016.

This source talks about beach grass planting and sand dunes. It states that Sand dunes
provide protection against damaging coastal storms by absorbing wave energy. Sand
dunes offer protection by acting as major sand storage areas which replenish sand to
eroded beaches during storm events. Without sand dunes, storm waves rush inland and
flood properties. This source also state that in order to promote new dune growth and to
help protect inland properties from the ravages of flood waters, we must limit and
sometimes prohibit people and vehicles from crossing dunes in all but designated
areas.

"Erosion Control Grass Seed|Reclamation Grass Seeds." Erosion Control Grass

Seed|Reclamation Grass Seeds. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.

This source basically talks about beach grass and also erosion. It talks about how
can/should we control erosion in order to eliminate its dangers that can hurt our
environment. This source also defines beach grass and states that this kind of grass is
a native grass in the areas of the mid to upper coasts of the Pacific and the Atlantic and
is chiefly responsible for holding the sand dunes in place. It has great tenacity and can
withstand winds and changing temperatures and establishes a deep and widespread
root growth. Also, without a planting of this nature the dune area would be completely
eroded. This source also states that these grasses provide shelter for wildlife that lives
on the brink of the ocean waters. In addition, during storms and in places in places
where stabilization is needed this is the first line of defense.