reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI
does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no
responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be
consistent with ADB official terms.
Jean-Christophe Dumont
Head of the International Migration Division
Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs
OECD
The global picture: Sharp increase of permanent
migration flows to OECD countries in 2015
but refugees are only a part of the picture
Evolution of permanent migration inflows to OECD countries
Work
14% Acc. family of
Free workers
movement 7%
32%
Distribution of permanent flows to OECD
countries by category in 2014
Other
Family
5%
33%
Humanitarian
9%
Milliers
150 150
United Kingdom
Source: Department for Work
125 125
100 100
75 75
and Pensions.
50 50
25 25
0 0
Roumanie South
Europe du Sud Poland
Pologne Bulgarie Batlic
tatsstates
baltes France
France RoumanieS. Europe
ROU Europe Pologne
POL Bulgarie
BUL tats S. FRA
Baltic France
Romania Europe Bulgaria du Sud baltes
100
Milliers
Southdu
Europe Europe
Sud Pologne
Poland Roumanie+Bulgarie
Romania and Bulgaria
80
60
Germany
40
Source : DESTATIS.
20
0
Asia accounts for a growing share of
overall migration to the OECD
Top 15 Asian countries of origin
Migration flows from Asia to OECD
for migration to OECD countries,
Countries, 2000-2014
2014
2.0
Millions
Others; 8%
1.7
China; 32%
1.5
Bangladesh;
3%
Korea; 4%
Pakistan; 4%
1.0
Thailand;
1.0 5%
India; 15%
Viet Nam;
7% Philippines;
9%
0.5
Source: Labour migration in Asia : building effective institutions (ADBI, ILO, OECD 2016)
Permanent migration as a share of population
ranges from 4 to 40 per thousand
Permanent migration to OECD countries by category as a percentage of the population, 2014
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
20
15
%
15
%
10
10
5
5
0 0
DEU
CAN
VNM
USA
AUS
KOR
CHN
MYS
NLD
AUT
FRA
DEU
SAU
USA
JPN
FRA
IND
UK
ITA
ITA
Source : Education at a Glance 2016, (OECD, 2016) Source : International Migration Outlook 2016, (OECD, 2016)
Region or country preferred by potential migrants, high-educated only, by region of origin, 2011
EU/EEA United States Other OECD Non-OECD
Asia 0.3069
EU/EEA
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Source: Gallup surveys 2011-2014, Gubert and Senne (2016). Extrapolated using sampling weights. Figures exclude intra-EU/EEA
mobility
A competitive international policy
environment for attracting skills
No major policy changes on labour migration policy in
2015/16 but important changes are foreseen (Brexit, elections
in the US and in several EU countries)
Higher levels of
employment for
asian migrants in
most OECD
countries
Better resilience
during the 2008
economic crisis
Doing better than
native born in the
US but less well
than OECD
migrants
Ten industries with the largest changes in
foreign-born employment by duration of stay,
Europe, 2011-15
Ten industries with the largest changes in
foreign-born employment by duration of stay,
USA, 2011-15
A quick update on the
refugee crisis in Europe
An unprecedented number of asylum applications
in 2015 & persisting high levels in 2016
Evolution of the number of new asylum seekers, 1980-2016
Germany Rest of OECD
OECD EU Germany
1 500
1 500
1 000 1 000
Thousands
694
979
500 500
0 0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2015 2016
Jan-Oct
Source: UNHCR, Eurostat, OECD calculations.
Recent trends in asylum applications
are dominated by 3 nationalities
70
Syria
60
Afghanistan
50
Iraq
40
30 Eritrea
20 Albania
10
Kosovo
0
May
Aug
May
Aug
May
Aug
May
Nov
Nov
Nov
Mar
Apr
Mar
Apr
Mar
Apr
Mar
Apr
Sep
Sep
Sep
Feb
Jun
Jul
Jun
Jul
Jun
Jul
Dec
Feb
Dec
Feb
Dec
Feb
Jun
Oct
Oct
Oct
2013 / Jan
2014 / Jan
2015 / Jan
2016 / Jan
Source: UNHCR, Eurostat, OECD calculations
2016: continuing but decreasing entries
80% Employment
70%
Family
60%
50%
Refugees
40%
30% Study
20%
10%
0%
0 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20+
Years of residence
Source : EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based
on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.
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