Matematik 1449 Nota Akhir SPM

1. PERIMETER & AREA

(a) Length of sides by Pythagoras Theorem.

5 cm
4 cm

Cylinder
3 cm
= r2h
Or the multiples : 6-8-10 ; 9-12-15

Cone
= 1
3
r2h
cm
17
12 cm

15 cm
13
cm

Sphere

5 cm 8 cm
= 4
3 r
3

(b) Area and perimeter

Pyramid
Trapezium
= 1
3
base area
= 12 (a + b) h height

Prism

Circle = Area of cross section

A l length
Area = r2
Circumference = 2r

2. STRAIGHT LINE

Sector (a) Gradient

Area of sector

= r2
360
Length of arc

= 2r
360

(c) Volume y 2 y1
Gradient of AB, m =
Cubic: x 2 x1
x
= x x x = x3 (b) Equation of a straight line
x
x

Cuboid:

=lbh
= lbh

Gradient Form:
y = mx + c
 m = gradient c = y-intercept 4. POLYGON (Kertas 1 sahaja)

3. CIRCLE THEOREM (Kertas 1 sahaja) (a) The sum of the interior angles of a n sided polygon
= (n 2) 180o
C

Angle at the centre (b) Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360o

y O

= 2 angle at the circumference

O (c) Each exterior angle of a regular n sided polygon
x = 2y 360 0
xO =
A n
B

C
(d) Regular pentagon
D
Angles in the same segment are
y O

xO equal Each exterior angle = 72o

Each interior angle = 108o
x=y O
108 O
72
A
B

C (e) Regular hexagon

O Angle in a semicircle
90

A
ACB = 90o
B
O Each exterior angle = 60o
Each interior angle = 120o
O
120
O
60

Sum of opposite angles of a

a O

cyclic quadrilateral = 180o

a + b = 180o
(f) Regular octagon
O
b

The exterior angle of a cyclic Each exterior angle = 45o

O
quadrilateral is equal to the Each interior angle = 135o
b interior opposite angle. O

a=b 135 O
45
O
a

5. NUMBER BASES (kertas 1 sahaja)

(a) Convert number in base 10 to a number in base 2, 5 or 8.

Angle between a tangent and a Method: Repeated division.
O radius = 90o Example:
OPQ = 90o 34
2
2 17 0
P Q
2 8 1
2 4 0
The angle between a tangent and 8 34
2 2 0
o
a chord is equal to the angle in 2 1 0 8 4 2
y
the alternate segment. 0 1 0 4
x=y
3410 = 1000102 3410 = 428
xo = 2 4 + 23 + 21 + 1 = 2 52 + 1 51 + 4 1
= 2710 = 5910
T If PT and PS are tangents to a
circle,
PT = PS
O P TPO = SPO
TOP = SOP
S
6. MATHEMATICAL REASONING (d) Enlargement
Description: Enlargement of scale factor ______, with the
(a) Statement centre ______.
A mathematical sentence which is either true or false but not y
both. 10
9
(b) Implication 8
If a, then b
a antecedent 6
b consequent 5 I
4
p if and only if q can be written in two implications: 3
If p, then q 2
o
If q, then p
1

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
Example : Enlargement of scale factor 2 with the centre at the
7. TRANSFORMATION origin.

(a) Translastion Area of image

k2
h Area of object
Description: Translastion
k y
k = scale factor
4 6
Example : Translastion A 4
3 5 (e) Combined Transformtions
4 -3 Transformation V followed by transformation W is written as
3 WV.
2 B 8. FACTORISATION (kertas 1 sahaja)
1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x (a) xy + xz = x(y + z)

(b) Reflection (b) x2 y2 = (x y)(x + y)

Description: Reflection in the line __________
(c) xy + xz + ay + az
Example: Reflection in the line y = x. = x (y + z) + a (y + z)
= (y + z)(x + a)
y
10 (d) x2 + 4x + 3
= (x + 3)(x + 1)
9
8
9. MATRICES
x

o
y=

6
5 a c a c
(a)
4
b d b d
3 I
2
a ka
1
(b) k
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x b kb

a b e f ae bg af bh
(c)
c d g h ce dg cf dh
(c) Rotation a b
Description: (d) If M = , then
______rotation of angle______about the centre _______. c d
1 d b
Example: A clockwise rotation of 90o about the centre (5, 4). M-1 =
ad bc c a
inverse matrix @ matrik
y
10 songsang
9
8 (e) If ax + by = h
cx + dy = k
o I
6 a b x h

d y k
5
4 c
3 x 1 d b h

ad bc a k
2
y c
1

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
10. SET 12. TRIGONOMETRY
A
(a) Symbol Opposite AB
sin o =
- intersection hypotenuse AC
- union
- subset adjacent BC
C B cos o = hypotenuse AC
- universal set
- empty set
- is a member of opposite AB
tan o =
n(A) number of element in set A. adjacent BC
A Complement of set A.

(b) Venn Diagram

13. STATISTICS
A B
(a) Mean
= sum( midpoint x frequency)
A Sum of frequency
(b) Mode
B Mode is the data with highest frequency.

AB (c) Median
Median is the middle data which has been arranged in
ascending or descending order.
A
A
(d) Class, Modal Class, Class Interval Size, Midpoint, Cumulative
frequency, Ogive
Example :
The table below shows the time taken by 80 students to type a
A document.
Example: Time (min) Frequency
10-14 1
A B 15-19 7
20-24 12
7 6 10 25-29 21
30-34 19
2 35-39 12
n(A) = 7 + 6 = 13 40-44 6
n(B) = 6 + 10 = 16 45-49 2
n(A B) = 6
For the class 10 14 :
n(A B) = 7 + 6 + 10 = 23
Lower limit = 10 min
n(A B) = 7 Upper limit = 14 min
n(A B) = 10
n(A B) = 7 + 10 + 2 = 19 Lower boundary = 9.5 min
n(A B) = 2 Upper boundary = 14.5 min

Modal class = 25 29 min

11. LAW OF INDICES (kertas 1 sahaja) 25 29
Midpoint of modal class = = 27
2
(a) xm x n = xm + n To draw an ogive, a table of upper boundary and cumulative
frequency has to be constructed.
(b) xm xn = xm n
Time Frequency Upper Cumulative
m n mn (min) boundary frequency
(c) (x ) = x
5-9 0 9.5 0
10-14 1 14.5 1
1 15-19 7 19.5 8
(d) x-n =
xn 20-24 12 24.5 20
25-29 21 29.5 42
1
30-34 19 34.5 60
(e) xn n
x 35-39 12 39.5 72
40-44 6 44.5 78
45-49 2 49.5 80
m
(f) x n (n x ) m

(g) x0 = 1
 (b) Angle of Elevation

The angle of elevation of B from A is BAC

(c) Angle of Depression

From the ogive :

Median = x N = from ogive 29.5 min
First quartile = x N = from ogive 24. 5 min
Third quartile = x N = from ogive 34 min
Interquartile range = Q3 Q1 = 34 24. 5 = 9.5 min.

The angle of depression of B from A is BAC.

(e) Histogram, Frequency Polygon 15. LINES AND PLANES

Example: (a) Angle Between a Line and a Plane
The table shows the marks obtained by a group of students in a
test.

Marks Frequency
1 10 2
11 20 8
21 30 16
31 40 20
41 50 4

The angle between the line AC and the plane PQRS is BAC

(b) Angle Between Two Planes

P
M

Q
T
S
K
N

R U
The angle between the plane PQRS and the plane TURS is
MNK.
14. BEARING, ANGLE OF ELEVATION, ANGLE OF
DEPRESSION (kertas 1 sahaja) 16. GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS
(a) Linear Graph
(a) Bearing y = mx + c
Bearing of point B from A is the angle measured clockwise
Y Y
from the north direction at A to the line joining B to A. Bearing
is written in 3 digits. y=
mx m < 0
U
+ c < 0
c c
B x+ 0
m X
c y= m > 0
60
O
c > 0 c

0
A X
o
Example : Bearing B from A is 060
m = positif m = negatif

(b) Quadratic Graph

 y = ax2 + bx + c
(a) Distance-Time Graph
Y Y
a < 0 D is ta n c e
c < 0

+ c
ax 2
0 X
y = c
a > 0

y =
c > 0 D is ta n c e
c

ax
2
+ c
0 X T im e

positif 0
T im e
negatif distance
(c) Cubic Graph Gradient = = speed
time
y = ax3+ c
Y Y Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
0 X
c c
(b) Speed-Time Graph
Speed

a < 0
0 X c < 0 v
a > 0
c > 0

positif negatif
u

(d) Reciprocal Graph 0 t T im e

a
y Gradient = Rate of change of speed
x
Y a Y
y = _ x_ = acceleration
a
y = _ x_ a < 0
a
(1 , a ) Distance = Area under the graph
1
19. PROBABILITY
0 X
1 X
n( A)
a > 0
-a (1 , -a ) (a) P( A)
n( S )
S = sample space

Positif Negatif (b) Complementary Event

P(A) = 1 P(A)

17. VARIATIONS (kertas 1 sahaja)

(a) Direct Variation

If y varies directly as x,
Writtn in mathematical form: y x,
Written in equation form: y = kx , k is a constant.

(b) Inverse Variation

If y varies inversely as x,
1
Written in mathematical form: y
x
k
Written in equation form: y , k is a constant.
x
USAHA + DOA + TAWAKKAL
(c) Joint Variation
If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, Selamat Maju Jaya kepada semua calon SPM 2013
x Good Luck and Do your Best!!!!
Written in mathematical form: y ,
z
kx
Written in equation form: y , k is a constant.
z
18. GRADIENT AND AREA UNDER A GRAPH