Impact of Globalization on the area, production and Yield of the Foodgrians and its

per capita availability In India

Mr. Suryawanshi Santosh D
Research Student
Department of Business Economics
Santosh B. Patil College, Mandrup
Mob: 9763708789
Email ID: sant.sury@gmail.com

Abstract

The 25 years of economic liberalization had adversely affected the Indian agriculture
sector specially foodgrians. The Present research paper is based on secondary data. It is
collected from various Government Reports. The main objective of research paper is to
analyze the trends of area under foodgrians and its Production and yields in India. Moreover
to examine the per capita net availability of foodgrians in India. The scope of the research
paper is to all India area, production and yield and its per capita net availability for the study
i.e. 1991 to 2014. One could observe that during the Post-reform period, the area under
foodgrians (Five Year Average) was marginally decreased (-0.26 percent) from the level of
123.89 million hectare in 1991-95 to the 123.57 million hectare in 2011-14. After new
economic policy, there is a clear decline in the per capita net availability of foodgrians in
India. Moreover per capita of net availability of Rice, other cereals and cereals are also
declined.
Key Words: Food grains, Area, Production, Yield, Cereals, Pulses

Introduction:

During the late 1980s and in specific in 1990-91 the Indian economy has
experienced main financial crisis, which left the economy with unsatisfactory foreign
currency reserve, massive inflation and fiscal deficit. In such a situation India decided to
follow a new economic policy. Reforms were initiated in India, leading to major changes in
the economy. In 1991 Indias policy were shift from the controlled economy to the open
economy. It is supposed to Globalization. Globalization is a process of combination among
nations particularly through across the nation movements of commodities, capital and
Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)
technology. International Monetary Fund defines the term globalization as "globalization is
a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to
the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the
movement of goods, services, and capital across borders. The term sometimes also refers to
the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders.
There are also broader cultural, political, and environmental dimensions of globalization.
India has made remarkable developments on the agricultural front during the past 25
Years. Considerable of the credit for this success should go to the several million small
farming families that form the backbone of Indian agriculture. Minimum support price ,
production strategies, public investment in infrastructure, research and extension for crop,
livestock and fisheries, horticulture, agriculture technology, e-Mandi ,chemical fertilizers
and irrigation facilities have expressively helped in growing the agricultural development.
India accounts for only about 2.4 % of the worlds geographical area and 4 % of its water
resources, but has to support about 17 % of the worlds human population and 15 % of the
livestock. (State of Indian Agriculture) Moreover Indian economy has undergone a
structural change over time with the anticipated decline in the share of agriculture in the
GDP. There is fall in its share from 34.04 percent in 1990-91 to 15.35 percent in 2015-16,
about 11% of its exports, about half of the population still relies on agriculture as its
principal source of income and it is a source of raw material for a large number of industries.
(Economic Survey 2017).
Objectives and Methodology

The Present research paper is based on secondary data. Secondary data is collected from
various Government Reports such as Directorate of economics and statistics, department of
agriculture and cooperation, and Economic Survey of India. In this background, the present
research paper is to analyze the trends of foodgrians area, Production and yields in India.
Moreover to examine the per capita net availability of foodgrians in India. The scope of the
research paper is to all India area, production and yield and its per capita availability for the
study i.e. 1991 to 2014.

Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)
Result and discussion
Analysis of All India area, production and Yield (1991-2014)
The changing pattern of area, production and yield has been illustrated with the help of chart
I. The free market play has adversely affected the production of food grains and the rate of
growth of food grains production declined after the introduction of New Economic Policy
(NEP) in India. (Shaukat Haseen, 2012) One could observe that during the Post-reform
period the area under foodgrians (Five Year Average) was marginally decreased (-0.26
percent) from the level of 123.89 million hectare in 1991-95 to the 123.57 million hectare
in 2011-14. However, the foodgrians production was found to be around 180 million tonnes
in 1991-95 and 253.39 million tonnes in 2011-14. It is increased 40.77 percent. Yield of
foodgrians was 1453.2 Kg/Hectare (Five Year Average) in 1991-95, it is now 2051.75
Kg/Hectare in 2011-14. After new economic policy yield of foodgrians has increased 41.19
percent.

Table No: I
All India area, production and Yield (1991-2014)
(Five Year Average)
Year Area Production Yield
1991-95 123.89 180 1453.2
1996-000 123.38 197.08 1597.6
2001-05 122.24 199.19 1654.8
2006-10 122.7 221.84 1807.6
2011-14 123.57 253.39 2051.75
1991-95 to 1996-000 -0.41 9.49 9.94
1996-2000-2001-05 -0.92 1.07 3.58
2001-05 to 2006-10 0.38 11.37 9.23
2006-10 to 2011-14 0.71 14.22 13.51
1991-95 to 2011-14 -0.26 40.77 41.19
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India
1) Area in million Hectares
2) Production in million tones
3) Yield in Kg/Hectare
The chart No: I are also showing post globalization emerging trends in area under
foodgrians, production and yield. It is found from chart I area under foodgrians liner trend
Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)
line are negative from 1991 to 2014. Moreover in the same period liner trend line of
foodgrians yield are increasing. India has experienced positive impact of reforms in
foodgrians production.
Chart No: I: All India area, production and Yield (1991-2014)

2500 130

128
2000
126
Producation & Yield

1500
124

Area
122
1000

120

500
118

0 116

Year
Producation Yield Area Linear (Yield) 3 per. Mov. Avg. (Area )

The production of foodgrians and its yield is increased after new economic policy
due to applications of chemical fertilizers, new agriculture technology, minimum support
price policy, high yielding verities seeds and irrigation facilities. Moreover after new
economic policy yield of foodgrians is increased but it is lower to comparatively other
developed economies.
Analysis of Per Caipta Net Availability of Food Grains:
Availability of foodgrians refers to the physical availability of food stocks in desired
quantities. Using food grains as a proxy for food (reasonable enough in a context where
food grains account for a large share of food intake), availability of food grain is given by
domestic production net of feed, seed and wastage plus net imports plus draw-down of
Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)
 stocks. Physical availability in any location within a nation depends on storage and transport
infrastructure and market integration within the national territory. (M.S. Swaminathan
2013) Benefiting from the green revolution technologies introduced in 1965-66, the per
capita net availability of foodgrians per annum in India increased from 144.1 kg per capita
per year in 1951 to a peak of 186.2 kg per capita per year in 1991. But after new economic
policy, there is a clear decline in the per capita net availability of foodgrians which has declined to
185.3 kg per capita per year in 2014. Moreover per capita of net availability of Rice, other cereals
and cereals are also declined after new economic policy. Per capita of net availability of foodgrians
are declined (-0.30 percent), rice (-14.44 percent), other cereals (-16.09 percent), cereals (-
8.81 percent). Moreover in the same period Per capita net availability of wheat, gram and
pulses are increased 2.53 percent, 22.75 percent and 16.91 percent respectively. Per capita net
availability of foodgrians are declined after new economic policy due to diversification of agriculture
food to non-food crops, awareness about the high value added agriculture product as such
horticulture and commercial crops, higher growth rate of population and low growth of foodgrians
production.
Table No: II
Net Availability of Food Grains (Five Year Average) In India
(March 2014)(Kg per Year)
Years Rice Wheat Other Cereals Gram Pulses PCNA
cereals Food
1991-95 77.9 58.06 26.1 162.24 4.44 13.66 175.9
1996-2000 74.86 60.52 23.32 158.76 4.54 12.48 171.24
2001-05 71.04 58.34 21.54 151.2 3.58 11.8 163.02
2006-10 68.46 56.96 20.84 147.66 3.34 13.28 160.98
2011-14 66.65 59.53 21.9 147.95 5.45 15.97 175.37
1991-95 to 1996-2000 -3.90 4.24 -10.65 -2.14 2.25 -8.64 -2.65
1996-2000-2001-05 -5.10 -3.60 -7.63 -4.76 -21.15 -5.45 -4.80
2001-05 to 2006-10 -3.63 -2.37 -3.25 -2.34 -6.70 12.54 -1.25
2006-10 to 2011-14 -2.64 4.51 5.09 0.20 63.17 20.26 8.94
1991-95 to 2011-14 -14.44 2.53 -16.09 -8.81 22.75 16.91 -0.30
Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Agriculture
PCNA Food: per capita net availability of foodgrians (Per annum) in Kg per Year.

Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)
 Chart No: II:
Per Capita Net Availability of Food Grains in India
(Five Year Average)
Rice Wheat
Other cereals Cereals
PCNAFood Gram
Pulses Linear (Cereals)
200
Linear (PCNAFood) Linear (Pulses) 20
180 18
160 16
Rice, Other Cerals & Gram

140 14

Pulses & Wheat

120 12
100 10
80 8
60 6
40 4
20 2
0 0

YEAR

Policy Remark:

After 1991 in India foodgrians area under foodgrians and its per capita net
availability is dramatically decline due to changing cropping, diversification agriculture and
other government policies are responsible for its. Decreasing availability of foodgrians are
biggest challenge for food security of rural masses and poverty eradication programmes. In
this background government must be take initiatives for improve performance of Indian
agriculture sector.

Conclusion:

In short, one can say that the five year average production and productivity of Food
Grain are increasing during the study period of 1991 to 2014.but in the same period area
under foodgrians are marginally(-0.26 percent) declined. The growth rate of foodgrians
Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)
production is 40.77 per cent per annum during the study period of 1991-95 to 2011-14.
Yield has registered a growth of 41.19 per cent during the study period. Moreover in the
study area per capita net availability of foodgrians in India is declined - 0.30 percent.

References:

1. Dr. Lipishree Das (2015), Agricultural Crisis in India: Causes, Consequences and
Remedies, international journal of English language literature and humanities, volume III,
issue X, dec2013, ISSN: 2321-7065.
2. DR. MD. Firdos Ahmad, Shaukat Haseen(2012), The Performance of Indias Food
Grains Production: A Pre and Post Reform Assessment, International Journal of Scientific
and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153.
3. Vivek Kumar Mishra (2016), Impact of Globalization on the Area, Production and Yield
of the Foodgrians in India, 3rd International conference on Science, technology and
management
4. State of Indian Agriculture, (2015-16), Government of India Ministry of Agriculture &
Farmers Welfare Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare Directorate
of Economics and Statistics New Delhi.

Research Paper presented in National Seminar on Indian Agricultural Development after globalization,
Date: 18th Feb 201, ISBN-978-93-83013-43-9
Solapur University, Solapur & SBP Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mandrup,
South Solapur, MH (India)