03 Basics of Design

3.
BASICSOFREINFORCEDCONCRETEDESIGN
3.1.REVIEWOFTHEDESIGNMETHODS
3.2.FUNDAMENTALSOFLIMITSTATEMETHODFORCONCRETE
3.3.VERIFICATIONCONDITIONS
3.4ACTIONS
Dr.ing.NAGYGYRGY Tams, Assoc.Prof.
Email: tamas.nagygyorgy@upt.ro
Tel: +40256403935
Web: http://www.ct.upt.ro/users/TamasNagyGyorgy/index.htm
Office: A219
3.1REVIEWOFTHEDESIGNMETHODS
DESIGNINGMETHODSFORCONCRETEELEMENTS
ADMISSIBLESTRENGTHMETHOD
DESIGNMETHODINULTIMATESTAGE
LIMITSTATEMETHOD
Switzerland 1903
Germany 1904
France
GreatBritain 1911
Romania 19421956
Mainassumptions:
Plainsectionsremainsplain
Elasticbehaviourofthematerials
Tensionconcretebetweenthecracksisneglected
Reinforcementhasthesamestrainasthesurroundingconcrete(s =c)
Ac
c c
x
n.a.
d
h
As
s Ns=Ass
b Act
(Concreteintension) ct=s/n
REAL HOMOGENOUS
SECTION (IDEAL)SECTION
Ac
x
n.a.
d
h
As
Ns=Ass
b Act
(Concreteintension)
REAL HOMOGENOUS
arevalid
uptoday!
Ac
c c
x
n.a.
d
h
As
s Ns=Ass
b Act
(Concreteintension) ct=s/n
REAL HOMOGENOUS
FLOWCHARTOFCALCULATION
Section:b,h,As
ConcretecompressivestrengthinbendingRi Loads
Strengthofsteelatyieldingy
CalculationofstressesbyNaviers formula Staticanalysis

s &c M(correspondstocurrentMEqp)
Safetycoefficients:
s s,adm =y/cs steelcs =2
c c,adm =Ri/cc concretecc =23
element?
1938 in Soviet Union and Brazil

in Romania legislated from 1956, in effect until 1960...1970
Design is made in ultimate stage when the resistance of the section is ended
yielding of reinforcement and crushing of compressed concrete occur
Real behaviour of the materials are taking into account!

cu Ri Ri
x 0.8x
d
h
As
Ns=Ass Ns=Ass
b s>s/Es
FLOWCHARTOFCALCULATION
Section:b,h,As
ConcretecompressivestrengthinbendingRi Loads
Strengthofsteelatyieldingy
Calculationresistingbendingmoment Staticanalysis
MR M(correspondstocurrentMEqp)
M MR/c
Obs:
c=1.82.5 safety coefficient for the element
_
Strength of concrete are average value! R
METHODOFLIMITSTATES
Developed in Soviet Union 1943...1955
in Romania introduced in 1960 (translation from Russian)

in 1970 as Romanian Code
P861
STAS 800067
STAS 10107/076
STAS 10107/090
SREN 199211:2004
METHODOFLIMITSTATES
Developed in Soviet Union 1943...1955

CEC:in1975decidedonanactionprograminthefieldofconstruction
The basic principles of the Soviet code were taken into account by CEB and FIP
from 1998 fib (CEB+FIP) printed the MODEL CODE

(MC78,90,2010)
CENpublished:EN 199211:2004
Note
CEB (1953;France) Comit EuroInternationale duBton =EuroInternationalConcreteCommittee
FIP (1952;England) Fdration Internationale delaPrcontrainte =InternationalFederationfor
Prestressing
fib (1998) fdration internationale dubton =InternationalFederationforConcrete
CEC CommissionofEuropeanCommunity
CEN Comit Europen deNormalisation =EuropeanCommitteeforStandardization
METHODOFLIMITSTATES
October 2013
EN199211:2004 434 pages, 201 figures, 76 tables, Hardcover.
Language of Publication: English
1990 1992 2004 2015 . ISBN: 978-3-433-03061-5
3.BASICSOFREINFORCEDCONCRETEDESIGN
3.2.FUNDAMENTALSOFLIMITSTATEMETHODFOR
CONCRETE
3.4ACTIONS
3.2.FUNDAMENTALSOFLSM FORCONCRETE
Limitstatesarestatesbeyondwhichtheelement
nolongerfulfillstherelevantdesigncriteria
Ultimatelimitstates(ULS) concernsafetyofpeopleand/orofthestructures,
throughSTRENGTHexceeding
Statesassociatedwith collapse orwithothersimilarformsofstructuralfailure
Lossofbearingcapacity
Lossofstaticequilibrium/stability
Fatigue
Serviceabilitylimitstates(SLS) concerncomfortofthepeople,structural
FUNCTIONALITY
Statesthatcorrespondtoconditionsbeyondwhichspecifiedservicerequirements
forastructureorstructuralmemberarenolongermet
Crackingofconcrete
Deformations
Vibrations
Damagingofconcreteduetoexcessivecompressionwhichislikelytoleadto
lossofdurability
LSMmaybeappliedby:
reliabilityanalysis
designassistedbytests
partialfactormethod(designvalueofloadswiththehighestintensitiesand
designvalueofstrengthswiththesmallestvalues)
Twofundamentalsareconsidered:
1.Realbehaviourofthematerials
2.Asystemofsafetycoefficients(statisticalornot)
1.Realbehaviourofthematerials:
Elasticbehaviourunderserviceloads
s <fyd
fcd
Med
Plasticbehaviourinultimatestage
MEd
fyd
2.Asystemofsafetycoefficients(statisticalornot)
takesintoaccountvariationsofthematerialpropertiesandloads
Statisticalevents:
normaldistribution(Gauss;symmetrical) materialstrength
unsymmetricaldistribution loads
1 x x 2
f f x exp 2
S 2 2S
Dispersionof
values
p=5% p=5%
Probabilityp showshowmanyvaluesarebigger/smallerthanxmax/xmin
betterconcrete
3.4ACTIONS
max min

5% x 5% = 2.5 from 2000 elements assume
failure of 5 elements
max min
Stresseslimitation: inconcrete toavoidlongitudinalcracking

tolimitmicrocrackingofcompressedconcrete
tolimitcreep
inreinforcement tolimitcrackingofconcrete
tolimitplasticdeformationofconcrete
Limitationofcrackwidth=crackcontrol(0,30,4mm)
Limitationofdeformations=driftsanddeflectioncontrol
max min
Crackcontrol: wk wmax
Deflectioncontrol: f fmax
Stresseslimitation:s smax; c cmax
max min
max min
max min
3.4ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
Action(F) Setofforces(loads)appliedtothestructure(directaction);
Setofimposeddeformationsoraccelerations
(ex.Temperaturechanges,moisturevariation,unevensettlement
orearthquakes)(indirectaction).
Classification Characteristics Example

actthroughoutagiven Selfweight(structuralelements,nonstructural
referenceperiodandfor elements,fixequipment)(deadload)
Permanent Shrinkage,settlement,
whichthevariation
(G) Prestressing.
inmagnitudewithtimeis
negligible
Liveload
variationinmagnitude
Variable wind
withtimeisneither
(Q) snow
negligiblenormonotonic

explosion
Accidental seismicactionof
impact
(A) significantmagnitude
fire
Seismicaction duetoearthquakeground
(AE) motions
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
( 0.9) dominan =0.7

t rest
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
Importanceclassof =0.0/0.4/0.8
thestructure
ClassI 1.4
Class II 1.2
Class III 1.0
Class IV 0.8
3.4.ACTIONS
Fundamental Seismic
CR02012
3.4.ACTIONS
CR02012
3.4.ACTIONS
CR02012
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
3.4.ACTIONS
Loadcombination?
Loadcombination?
Thankyoufor
yourattention!

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3.

Dr.ing.NAGYGYRGY Tams, Assoc.Prof.

CalculationofstressesbyNaviers formula Staticanalysis

1938 in Soviet Union and Brazil

Real behaviour of the materials are taking into account!

Developed in Soviet Union 1943...1955

in Romania introduced in 1960 (translation from Russian)

Developed in Soviet Union 1943...1955

from 1998 fib (CEB+FIP) printed the MODEL CODE

Stresseslimitation: inconcrete toavoidlongitudinalcracking

Classification Characteristics Example

( 0.9) dominan =0.7

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