A. in the Vietnam war B. in the Cambodian War C. in the Korean war D. in the Somalian
war
LESSON 14
1. In which zone does maximum part of Africa lie?
A Northern temperate zone B Torrid zone C Frigid zoneD Southern Temperate Zone
2. Which latitude passes almost through the middle of Africa?
A Tropic of Capricorn B Antarctic circle C Tropic of Cancer D Equator
3. Which continent was known as the Dark Continent till the end of the 18th century?
A Antarctic B Australia C Africa D. South America
4. From which river valley was the missing link of human evolution from ape to man found ?
A. Congo B. Niger C. Nile D. Zambezi
5. In which year did Vasco da- Gama discover the sea route to India from Europe?
A 1502 B 1493 C 1498 D 1490
6. How much land mass of the earth does the African continent cover?
A 30 % B 25% C 20% D 23%
7. What are the major land forms of Africa?
A plains B deserts C mountains D] highlands
8. What is the area wise position of Africa among all continents?
A First B Second C Third D Fourth
9. In which part of Africa is the Atlas mountain range located?
A North-east B South-west C North-west D North
10. Which is the highest mountain in Africa?
A. Kilimanjaro B. Atlas C.Drakensberg D. Kenya
11. Near which latitude is the Mt. Kilimanjaro located?
A. Tropic of cancer B. Equator C. Tropic of Capricorn D Antarctic circle
12. What is the height of the Ethiopian highland?
A 3160 metres B 3580 metres C] 3050 metres D] 3220 metres
13. Which desert is located to the north of Africa?
A Gobi B. Sahara C Kalahari D. Thar
14. Which river of Africa is the longest in the world?
A. Congo B] Niger C] Nile D Zambezi
15. Which sea does the river Nile meet?
A. The North Sea B The Caspian Sea C. The Mediterranean Sea D]The Red Sea
16. Which type of jungles is found in the African continent?
A Coniferous ForestsB] Autumnal Forests C. Deciduous Forests D]Equatorial Forest
17. Which is the biggest lake of Africa?
A Chad B. Victoria C. Tanganyika D] Malawi (Nyasa)
18. Which sweet water lake is the longest lake in the world?
A. Superior B. Michigan C. Baikal D]Tanganyika
19. In which season does it rain in the regions of Mediterranean type of climate?
A. Round the year B. Summer C. Winter D] Spring
20. On which river of Africa are the world famous Victoria Falls located?
A. Nile B] Zambezi C] Niger D. Congo
21. Which island of Africa is called the the island of cloves?
A. Zanzibar B. Madagascar C. Mauritius D. Comoros
22. Which tropic passes through South Egypt?
A. Equator B. Tropic of cancer C. Tropic of Capricorn D]North polar latitude
23. Which are the main crops of Egypt?
A. Jute and cotton B. Sugarcane and jute C]cottonand dates D]Tobacco and dates
24. Which is the capital city of Egypt?
A. Khartum B. Kahira (cairo) C. Algiers D. Baimako
25. Which is the most developed country of the African continent?
A. Ethiopia B .Sudan C]Egypt D] South Africa
26. Which city is the capital of South Africa?
A. Cape Town B] Pretoria C] Johannesburg D. Durban
Asia
VIII Social Studies 3
1. Which is the largest continent of the world with respect to population and area?
A. Asia B. Africa C. North America D Europe
2. Which ocean is located to the South of Asia?
A. Indian Ocean B. Pacific Ocean C. Atlantic Ocean D. Arctic
Ocean
3. Which ocean is located to east of Asia?
A. The Arctic OceanB The Pacific Ocean C The Indian Ocean D The Atlantic Ocean
4. Which mountain of Asia is the highest mountain of the world?
A. Himalayas B. Kunlun Shan C. Altai D. Tibet
5. Which is the highest and biggest plateau of the world?
A. Mongolia B. Siberia C. Iran D Tibet
6. Which of the following desert is a cold desert?
A. Kalahari Desert B. Arabian Desert C. Gobi Desert D. Thar Desert
7. Which of the following regions gets the highest rainfall?
A. Mawsynram B. Hanoima C. Bejing D. Jakarta
8. Which city experiences the hottest Climate in the world?
A. Verkhoyansk B. Tehran C. Jacobabad D. Bagdad
9. Which city experiences the coldest Climate in the world?
A. Moscow B. Chicago C. Verkhoyansk D. Stockholm
10. Which is the longest river of Asia?
A. Yangtze B. Hwang Ho C. Lena D. Sindhu
11. Which of the following is the largest lake of the world?
A. Caspian Sea B. Aral Sea C. Victoria Lake D. Baikal Lake
12. Which is the deepest lake of the world?
A Aral B Balkash C Baikal D Tonlesap
13. Which of the following lakes has maximum salinity?
A. Caspian Sea B. Dead Sea C.Sambhar D. Aral Sea
14. Which ocean does river Lena Meet?
A Pacific Ocean B Arctic Ocean C Indian Ocean D Atlantic Ocean
15. Which ocean does river Ganga meet?
A. Indian Ocean B. Atlantic Ocean C. Pacific Ocean D. Arctic Ocean
16. Which of the following is the inland river?
A. Mekong B. Seikyang C. Amudariya D.Oab
17. Which sea do the rivers Amudariya and Sirdariya meet?
A. The Aral Sea B. The Mediterranean Sea C The North Sea D The Black Sea
18. Which of the following is a salt water lake?
A. Pulicat B. Wular C. Baikal D.Dhebar
19. Which of the following is a sweet water lake?
A. Chilka B. Pulkit C. Wular D. Caspian
20. Which of the following animals belong to the Frigid Zone?
A. Camel B. Mule C. Reindeer D.Ghudkhar
21. Which of the following animal belong to the hot region?
A. Ghudkhar B. Yak C. Reindeer D. Beaver
22. Which of the following is a domestic animal?
A Ghudkhar B. Bumla C. Seal D. Camel
23. Of which country is the yak a distinct animal?
A. Pakistan B. Bhutan C. Bangladesh D. Sri Lanka
24. In which country is Khyber pass situated?
A. Pakistan B. India C. Iran D. Afghanistan
25. Which country is known as the pearl of the East?
A. Bangladesh B. Pakistan C. Sri Lanka D. Myanmar
26. From which neighbouring country does India import mineral oil?
A. Pakistan B. Bangladesh C. Myanmar D. Sri Lanka
Fill in the blanks
LESSON 11
1. An organisation named League of Nations_ was established in 1920 A.D for world peace.
VIII Social Studies 4
2. The highly destructive weapon, the atom bomb_ was used in the Second World War.
3. The United Nations Organisation is known as _United Nations [U.N.] now.
4. The head quarters of United Nations [U.N.] is situated in New Yorkcity.
5. Every member - nation can send a maximum five representatives to the General Assembly_ of U.N
6. The power to admit new members to the _United Nations [U.N.] lies with the General Assembly.
7. Security Council_ is the most important organ of United Nations.
8. The number of member in the Security Council is___15 .
9. Out of the total number of members of the Security Council ,_5_ are permanent members , while
10_ are the temporary members .
10. Ban-Ki-Moon has been serving as the General Secretary of U.N. since 2007.
11. The appointment of the Secretary of the United Nations is made by the general assembly on
recommendation of __Security Council.
12. The head of the United Nations is known as the General Secretary.
LESSON 14
1. South Africa ranks _second___________ in area among the continents of the world.
2. The major area of Africa lies in the __Torrid_________ zone.
3. Till the end of the 18th century Africa was known as the __Dark continent.
4. The Africa continent is in the Eastern__ hemisphere.
5. Africa possesses an approximately_30,000 thousand km long coastline.
6. The___Mediterranean__sea lies between Africa and Europe.
7. The_Red_ sea lies between north east of Africa and between Africa and Asia.
8. The ___Indian_ Ocean lies to the east of Africa.
9. The ___Atlantic_______ ocean lies to the west of Africa.
10. The land form of Africa mainly consists of _highlands___.
11. __Atlas_________ mountain range is situated to the north west of Africa.
12. _Toubkal_________ is the highest mountain peak of Africa.
13. The high land of ___Ethiopia_____ with 3050 m height is the highest highland Africa.
14. The Sahara_________ desert lies to the north of America.
15. The_Nile_ river of Africa is the longest river of the world.
16. There are mostly __Equatorial____ jungles in Africa.
17. There are winter rains along the coastal areas of _Mediterranean_Sea.
18. _Zanzibar_______ is known as the Island of cloves.
19. _Egypt______ country is known for its ancient pyramid and sphinx.
20. The _Suez Canal has brought Europe and Asia closer to each other.
21. _Cairo_______ is the capital and an industrial city of Egypt.
22. Suez Canal joins Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
23. The most developed country of the African continent is ___South Africa_.
24. In 1867, in the area of River Val of South Africa mines of ___diamond_ and ___gold were
discovered.
LESSON 14
1. __Africa_ continent is situated to the south west of Asia.
2. Mount Everest_ is the highest mountain peak of the world.
3. Tibet_ highland is known as the Roof of the World.
4. Maximum rainfall occurs in _Mawysynram_ and _Cherrapunji__ of India in Asia.
5. Maximum heat falls in _Jacobabad______ cities of Pakistan of Asia in summer.
6. One cannot drown in the __Dead__ Lake.
7. Half of the worlds total population lives in the continent of Asia.
8. The people belonging to ___West Asia___ region of the Asia continent eat wheat and milk as their
staple food.
9. The capital city of Pakistan is Islamabad .
10. The most important crop of Pakistan is __cotton_.
11. Agriculture revolution has taken place in Pakistan due to water of river __Sindhu.
12. _Dhaka_ is the capital city of Bangladesh.
13. Dhaka is famous for _silk industry.
14. _Katmandu_ is the capital city of Nepal.
15. __40__ % of area of Nepal is covered with forest.
VIII Social Studies 5
2. The equator divides the African continent into two halves. FALSE
3. Most of the region of Africa is in Torrid Zone. TRUE
4. The African continent lies in the western hemisphere. FALSE
5. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain of Africa. FALSE
6. The Congo river is the longest river of Africa. FALSE
7. The magnificent culture of Egypt developed on the banks of the river Nile. TRUE
LESSON 14
1. The continent of Asia lies in the southern hemi-sphere. False
2. The temperature is high in summer in central Asia. True
3. The winds blowing over Arabian Sea bring rain in winter. False
4. Cherrapunji is located in Assam state of India. False
5. The Japanese live in tents made of leather. -- False
6. Camel is used for transportation in mountains regions. -- False
7. The Arabs wear woollen clothes in summer. -- False
8. There is very dense population in Bangladesh. --- True
3. Kenya - Bantu
4. Egypt Fellah
Ex- 3 Match
1. Pakistan - Islamabad
2. Sri Lanka - Colombo
3. Bhutan - Thimphu
4. Bangladesh - Dhaka
Ex- 5 Identify me [match the following]
1. I live in the forests of Africa and -- Lion
2. I am the tree of the coastal region.-- coconut
3. I am the animal useful for agriculture. -- ox
4. I am the main tree of equatorial region. -- mahogany
5. I am the country in central Himalayas. -- Nepal
6. I am the large, cold desert of Asia. -- Gobi
7. I am Known as Ratnadweep . Sri Lanka
8. I am the main river of Pakistan. -- Sindhu
ANSWER IN A SENTENCE Lesson 1
2. Where and when was Raja Ram Mohan Roy born?
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born in 1772 A.D. in Radhanagar village of Hooghly district in Bengal.
3. Against which evils did Raja Ram Mohan Roy protest strongly?
A.3. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started an aggressive protest against evils like sati, child marriage,
forbidding widow remarriage, caste system, female infanticide by drowning the baby in milk
[dudhpiti], etc.
7. What advice did Swami Dayanand Saraswati give to the people?
A. 7. Swami Dayanand Saraswati advised the people to Return to the Vedas.
8. When and which gurukul (school) did Swami Shraddhanand establish?
A.8. Swami Shraddhanand established the Kangdi Gurukul near Haridwar in 1902 A.D.
10. What advice did Swami Vivekanand give to the people of India?
A.10 . Swami Vivekanand advised the people to serve the poor and needy and seek God in this
service and these people.
11. What effect did Swami Vivekanand have on the youths of India?
A. 11. Swami Vivekanand inculcated pride for the glorious past of India in the minds of the youths
and encouraged them to have faith in the future.
12. Which legendary slogan did Swami Vivekanand give to the Indians?
A. 12. Swami Vivekanand gave the legendary slogan of Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is
achieved. to the people of India.
13. Who established the Ram Krishna Mission? When and where?
A.13. Swami Vivekanand established the Ram Krishna Mission at Bellur in 1897 A.D.
14. Which ideal and slogan did the Ram Krishna Mission follow?
A. 14. Ram Krishna Mission followed the motto Service to man is service to God.
15. Who tried to bring about awakening in the Muslim society for the first time in the 19th century?
A. People like Shariatulla from Bengal and Saiyad Ahmed Khan from Rai Bareily in Uttar Pradesh
tried to bring about awakening in the Muslim society for the first time in the 19th century?
16. Who started the 'Wahabi Revolution' in India?
A. 16. Leaders like Shariatulla from Bengal and Saiyad Ahmed Khan from Rai Bareily in Uttar
Pradesh started Wahabi Revolution in India.
17. Who established a Muslim college in Aligarh? When and Why?
A. 17. Sir Saiyad Ahmed Khan established the Muslim College at Aligadh in 1875 C.E to enable
Muslims to get higher education.
19. Who did the work of religious and social reform in the Parsi community?
VIII Social Studies 7
A.19. Mr.K.R.Cama and Mr.Behramji Malbari also worked to reform the Parsi religion and society.
LESSON 4 SUPREME COURT
4. Which disputes does the Supreme Court solve?
A.4. The Supreme Court can dissolve disputes between two citizens, between citizens and the
Government and between two or more states and the centre.
5. Who protested against increasing the height of Narmada Dam above 110 metres?
A.5. The state of Madhya Pradesh and voluntary agencies working for the conservation of
environment protested to see that the height of Narmada dam does not exceed above 110 metres.
7. What will happen if powerful or influential people control the judiciary?
A.7. If powerful or influential people control the judiciary, then the judges will not be able to pass
judgments in an unbiased and independent manner.
8. In our Constitution, what has the judiciary been kept independent of?
A.8. In our constitution, the judiciary has been kept independent of the other two organs of the
government- the legislature and the executive bodies.
10. What arrangement has the Supreme Court made to ensure that poor people also get justice?
A.10. To ensure that poor people also receive proper justice the Supreme Court has accepted a
structure of Application of Public Welfare.
LESSON 5
2. Which vow did Vasudev Fadke take?
A.2.The vow taken by Vasudev Fadke was not to apply tilak on his forehead and not to cut his hair
till he did not free India from the clutches of the British.
4. When and where was Vinayak Damodar Savarkar born?
4. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was born on 28th May, 1883 at Bhagur village of Nasik district in
Maharashtra
6. Which book did Veer Savarkar write?
6. Veer Savarkar wrote a book titled 1857: Indias First Freedom Struggle.
8. Who inspired Khudiram Bose to be a revolutionary?
A teacher named Satyen Babu taught Khudiram Bose to walk on the path of revolution and be a
revolutionary.
10. Which revolutionary set an example of Hindu-Muslim unity?
A. 10. A revolutionary named Ashfaq Ullah Khan set an example of Hindu-Muslim unity.
13. How did Chandrashekhar come to be known by the name of 'Azad'? OR How did
Chandrashekhar become popular as 'Azad'?
A.13. Chandrashekar was arrested and presented before court for participating in the non-
cooperation movement started by Gandhiji. When the judge asked him his name, he gave him his
name as Azad. From then on, he has been known by the name of Azad.
16. Who threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly at Delhi? Why?
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the legislative assembly at Delhi to awaken the
British Government.
17. Which three revolutionaries and fast friends were hanged on the same day?
17. Three revolutionaries and fast friends who were hanged on the same day were Bhagat Singh,
Sukdev and Rajguru.
19. Which revolutionaries helped Shyamji KrishnaVerma to carry out revolutionary activities?
19. Revolutionaries like Vinayak Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madanlal Dhingra, Sardar Singh Rana,
Madam Cama and others helped Shyamji Krishna Verma to carry out revolutionary activities.
Lesson 6
1. Explain the meaning of census.
VIII Social Studies 8
A.1. To collect information and register people living in a particular area of any part of the country
is known as 'census. It is done every 10 years as per the order of the central government of India.
2. In which year was the last census held in India?
A.2. The last census was held in India in the year 2011.
3. What was the special feature of the census held in 2011 A.D.?
A.3. The special feature of the census held in the year 2011A.D. was that a unique ID number and
identity card was given to every citizen.
Q.6. Which records does the forest department keep?
A.6. Records of the census of animals, birds and trees that are getting extinct and the counting of the
domestic animals is done by the forest government.
7. What is the area of India in sq. Km? How many per cent of the worlds area does it equal?
A.7. The area of India is 32,87,263 sq. km. which is 2.42% of total worlds land area.
9. Due to which reasons has birth rate not decreased?
A.9. Birth rate has not decreased due to illiteracy, superstitious beliefs, orthodox thinking, customs,
child marriage, poverty, widow remarriage, lack of ideal concept of small family, etc.
10. Problems in the management of what arise due to population explosion?
A.10. Due to population explosion certain management related problems have cropped up. For eg.
Food, water, residence, environmental pollution, conservation, employment, traffic control etc.
11. Define Population Density.
A.11. The proportion of people residing in per square kilometre of a specific area is known as
population density of that area.
12. In which regions do we find high population density?
A.12. Population density is more in areas near river banks, industrial areas, fertile regions of
peninsular rivers, etc
13. In which regions do we find low population density?
.13. We find low population density in extremely cold region, places of lofty mountains, deserts and
dense forest areas due to unfavourable conditions
14. What is birth rate? OR What do you understand by birth rate?
A.14. The average of the total live babies born per 1000 persons in a year in any specific area is
known as birth rate.
16. What is death rate? OR What do you understand by death rate?
A.16. The average number of deaths in one year per 1000 persons in any specific area is known as
death rate.
18. What is migration? OR What do you understand by migration?
A.18. When humans go from one place and settle in another place for their livelihood or for their
progress, it is known as migration.
22. Which languages have been given the status of official language and which has the status of
global language in India?
A.22. Hindi and English have been given the status of official and global languages respectively in
India.
Lesson 7
2 Which were the two main aspects of Satyagraha?
A.2. Two main aspects of Satyagraha were truth and non-violence.
3. What did Gandhiji do on the advice of Gopal Krishana Gokhale?
A.3. On the advice of Gopal Krishna Gokhale Gandhiji toured the whole of India and tried to
understand the needs and plights of the conditions of the people.
4 . Where and when did Gandhiji establish an ashram in Ahmedabad?
VIII Social Studies 9
A.4. Gandhiji established his Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab, Ahmedabad on 25th May, 1915.
After a year Gandhiji shifted this Satyagraha ashram to the banks of the river Sabarmati.
5. Where is Champaran located? What was it famous for?
A.5. Champaran is located at the foot of the Himalayas in Bihar near Nepal. It was famous for its
mango plantations.
7. What were the benefits the Kheda Satyagraha even though it did not yield much result?
A.7. With the success of the Kheda Satyagraha, the farmers of Gujarat as well as India became
fearless and there was a new awakening among them. Moreover the nation found a devoted and
committed leader like Vallabhbhai Patel who had an extremely strong will power.
8. Why did Gandhiji call the Rowlett Act as the Black Act?
A.8.The Rowlett Act had total control over the fundamental rights of expression and freedom of
speech of every individual. It also gave more powers and rights to the British police. So Gandhiji
called the Rowlett Act as the Black Act.
9. When and why was a meeting held in Jallianwala Baugh?
A.9. A meeting was held in Jallianwala Baugh to pay tribute to the martyrs who had been the victims
of British exploitation and also to protest against the arrest of popular leaders Dr Satyapal and Dr
Kichlu.
10. Who were the main leaders of the Khilafat movement?
A.10. The main leaders of the Khilafat Movement were the Ali brothers: Maulana Shakaut Ali and
Maulana Mohammed Ali.
14 Which national education institutions were established to facilitate education during the Non-
cooperation Movement?
A.14. During the non-cooperation movement many national institutions like Gujarat Vidyapith [in
Ahmedabad], Bihar Vidyapith, Kashi Vidyapith, Jamia Milia IslamiaVidyapith [in Delhi], Tilak
Vidyapith [in Pune] etc. were established.
15. Why did all the political parties of India decide to boycott the Simon Commission?
A.15. In the seven-member Simon Commission all the members were British. There wasnt a single
Indian representative. Therefore, all political institutions of India boycotted the Simon Commission.
Q.21 Why did British government not accept the Nehru Report?
A21 The British government did not accept the Nehru Report because the Muslim League did not
accept the report.
Q.23. When did the congress convention take the pledge of freedom?
A.23. In December 1929, under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, the congress passed a
resolution of Complete Freedom on the banks of River Ravi in Lahore.
LESSON 10 FOLLOWING THE MAHATMA: PART II
Q.1. Which authority was given to Gandhiji by the executive committee of Indian National Congress
that met in Ahmedabad?
A.1. The Indian National Congress that met in Ahmedabad gave Gandhiji all the rights to start the
movement for breaking laws in a disciplined way in order to attain Swaraj.
Q.2. Who started the Dandi March? From where and when was it started?
A.2. Gandhiji started Dandi March along with 78 companions from Sabarmati Ashram in
Ahmedabad on 12th March, 1930.
Q.13. What order did Gandhiji give to the people of India in 1942?
A.13. In 1942 A.D. Gandhiji ordered the people of India to follow the principle of Do or Die and to
continue the non-violent struggle.
Q.14. When and where was the historical resolution of Quit India passed?
A.14. The historical resolution of Quit India was passed on 8th August, 1942, during the meeting of
the Indian National Congress in Mumbai.
VIII Social Studies 10
Q.17. What was the effect of British Prime Minister Atlees announcement of transferring
A.17. The enthusiasm of Gandhiji and all the national leaders of India as well as the common people
increased with this announcement. Gandhiji welcomed this decision of the British by saying that it
was their best act.
Lesson 11
1. Who first presented the idea of the world organisation ?
A.1. American President Woodrow Wilson was the first one to present the idea of the world
organisation.
2. When and why was the League of Nations established ?
A.2. League of Nations was established after the First World War in April 1920 A.D. in order to
maintain peace and security in the world.
3. Which day is celebrated as the U.N day ?
A.3. 24th October is celebrated as U.N day.
5. What can be called World parliament why?
A.5. The General Assembly of United Nations [U.N] can be called as World Parliament because it is
made of the representatives of all member nations of United Nations.
Q. 7. Which is the most important organ of the United Nation? How many total members does it
have?
A.7. Security Council is the most important organ of United Nations. It has a total of 15 members, of
which 5 are permanent and 10 are temporary.
8. Which nations are the permanent members of the Security Council?
A.8. The permanent members of the Security Council are U.S.A., Brittan, France, Russia and China.
9. What is the main function of Security Council of United Nations?
A.9. The main function of the Security Council of United Nations is to maintain peace and security in
the world.
10. What is the head of secretariat of U.N.O known as? Who appoints the Secretary?
A.10. The head of secretariat of UNO is known as Secretary. He is appointed by the General
Assembly on the recommendation of Security Council.
12. What is meant by right to deny (Veto power )? What is its importance?
A.12. Right to Deny means the exceptional right enjoyed by the five permanent members of
Security Council to pass a negative vote. If anyone of these five permanent member nations
possessing this right passes a negative vote, then the decisions or resolutions cannot be passed.
14. What is the main function of UNESCO?
A.14. The main function of UNESCO is t establish co-operation among various countries of the
world, in areas of education, science and culture.
15. What is the main function of International labour organisation (ILO)?
A.15. The main function of ILO is to make efforts so that workers in different countries of the world
are not exploited and they get proper salary.
Q.16. What is the main function of UNICEF?
A.16. The main function of UNICEF is to arrange welfare programmes for children, so that, there is
an improvement in the quality of health of the children of the world and they get nutritious food.
LESSON 14
Q.1. Through which continent do three important latitudes pass?
A.1. Three important latitudes like Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass through
the continent of Africa
Q.2. Which strait separates the African and the European continent?
A.2. The Strait of Gibraltar separates the African and the European continent.
Q.3. Which region separates Asia and Africa?
VIII Social Studies 11
Gandhiji started Dandi March because the British laid tax on the most important component of our
daily diet, salt. He felt that it was unjust on the part of the British to levy tax on the salt. Hence
Gandhiji started the historic march to break the salt law.
12. The British Government arranged a Round Table Conference in London.
The British Government arranged Round Table Conference in London to discuss what kind of
constitution should be given to India and the amendments to be made in it.
13. The First Round Table Conference was unsuccessful.
The First Round Table Conference was unsuccessful because there was no representative from the
Indian National Congress at the conference organized in London.
14. Various committees resigned in 1939.
When the 2nd World War started in 1939 A.D., the then viceroy Linlithgow made India fight from
the British side without first consulting the central committee or any other Indian national leaders.
So, to protest this, the heads of various committees resigned their posts in 1939 A.D.
15. Gandhiji started Individual Satyagraha?
During the World War II, Gandhiji started Individual Satyagraha instead of group Satyagraha as
he did not want to give more trouble to the British government during the trying times of war.
16. The British Prime Minister Atlee sent a Cabinet Mission to India
The Prime Minister of Britain, Mr Atlee sent a Cabinet Mission to India in 1946 in order to put
forward a plan of giving complete freedom to India.
LESSON 14
17. The peak of Kilimanjaro always remains covered with snow though it is situated near the equator
because the height of Kilimanjaro is 5895 metres. Owing to its great height, even though it is situated
near the equator, its peaks always remain covered with snow.
18. The rivers that meet Arctic Ocean are not useful as waterways.
The rivers like Ob, Yangtze and Lena which meet the Arctic Ocean remain frozen for most part of
the year. So, these rivers are not useful as waterways.
19. One cant drown in the Dead Sea.
Dead Sea is the saltiest lake of the world. The salinity of its water is eight times, the average salinity
of sea-water. Therefore its water is very heavy. Its density is more than the density of a human body.
Materials with less density than water do not sink in it but float upon it. According to this rule it is
not possible to sink in the Dead Sea.
LESSON 1 BRIEF QUESTIONS
Q.1. Which evil customs were prevalent in our society before independence?
A.1. Evil customs like blind faith, superstition, child marriage, forbidding widow remarriage, the
sati system, female infanticide by drowning her in the milk [dudhpiti], polygamy, dowry system and
selling the girl child were prevalent in India before independence.
Q.2.What recommendations were made to the British government by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
A.1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy made the following recommendations to the British government:
1. to remove the control over newspapers- i.e. to allow freedom of speech and individual freedom to
press,
2. to grant freedom of speech and individual freedom to people,
3. to give women their rights,
4. to keep the judiciary separate from the administration and
5. to give more government jobs to Indians.
LESSON 4 SUPREME COURT BRIEF QUESTIONS
Q.1. How can we say that there is a continuous judiciary in our country?
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A.1. The Supreme Court is at the highest position in the Indian Judicial system. After this, in
chronological order are the state High Courts, the District Courts and the Taluka Courts. Due to this
arrangement one can say that there is a continuous judiciary in our country.
Q.2. Why is the judiciary independent?
A.1. If a powerful person captures our land, we take the matter to the court. But we would find that
a judge would always favour a strong person. If a strong person has a control over the judge, he
cannot take any decision independently. Judiciary deprived of freedom will always force the judge to
give the judgement in favour of powerful person. But our constitution does not allow such kind of
interference. That is why judiciary has been kept independent from legislative and executive in our
constitution. So, once the judges are appointed in the High Court and the Supreme Court, it is
difficult to remove them from their place/post. If an individual feels that his fundamental rights are
violated, he can go to the court.
Lesson 5 BRIEF
Q.1. Write few lines on Shyamji Krishna Verma.
A.1. Shyamji Krishna Verma was born on 4th October 1857 in Mandvi village of Kutch. He
established Indian Home Rule Society in order to attain Swaraj. For the propagation of his
institution, he started a magazine entitled Indian Sociologist. He got various companions to run his
revolutionary activities. He arranged scholarship for Indians. When Madanlal Dhingra was shot
dead, he felt unsafe in London. So he went to Paris and after sometime to Switzerland. He died in
1930 AD.
LESSON 6 L-6 HUMAN RESOURCES ANSWER IN BREIF
Q.1. What is census? Why is a census done?
A.1. To collect information and register people living in a particular area of any part of the country
is known as census.
Census is done due to following reasons.
1. Through human census, the government obtains details about qualitative characteristics of
the people.
2. Such information helps the government to know the qualities of its people or say its human
resource.
3. This information then helps the government to plan its economic development.
4. Census serves as an important source of information for five-year plans, planning for food,
water, residence management, industries, electricity, employment, education, defence, etc.
Q.2.Why is there more population in Uttar Pradesh?
A.2. There is more population in Uttar Pradesh because:
1. Uttar Pradesh is a region of the fertile region of the fertile plains of rivers Ganga and Yamuna.
2. There is sufficient water for irrigation and other purposes in this land due to the proper rainfall,
perennial rivers, canals as well as ground water. Therefore agriculture has developed well in this
region.
3. Moreover, a complex network of roads has been easily built on this flat land to facilitate transport.
So there is rapid economic progress here.
Q.3. Why is there less population in Sikkim state?
A.3. There is less population in Sikkim state because:
1. Sikkim is a hilly area situated in the Himalayas.
2. Perennial snow covered lofty mountains, dense forests and the cold climate of the state is not
favourable for agriculture.
3. The transport facilities are less. Most of the region of the state has uneven mountainous region.
4. The industries have not well developed over here.
LESSON 7 Ans in Brief
Q.1 Why did Gandhiji withdraw the non-cooperation movement? OR
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A.1. In 1922 A.D. the angry farmers of Chauri-Chaura village of Gorakhpur district of Uttar
Pradesh revolted against the sudden uncontrolled firing done by the police on a peaceful rally and
set fire to a police station. All the 22 policemen inside were killed. Due to this violent incident,
Gandhiji withdrew the non-cooperation movement.
Q.2. Why did the Khilafat movement start in India?
A.2. The allied nations were victorious in the First World War. Turkey that had joined hands with
Germany had been defeated in the war. So the allied nations signed a treaty with Turkey. England
was also a part of this treaty. The conditions of this treaty were unfair to the Turks. At that time, the
sultan of Turkey was the religious head of Islam. According to t he treaty the Turk Sultans title of
Khalifa was cancelled. Under the leadership of the two brothers, Maulana Shaukat Ali and
Maulana Mohammed Ali, Indian Muslims started the Khilafat Movement to protest against this
treaty.
4] to seek co-operation to create a feeling of respect for an individuals fundamental rights and the
basic right to freedom.
Q.2.Which are the main organs of United Nations?
A.2.The main organs of United Nations are as follows:
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. Economic and Social Council
4. Trusteeship Council
5. International Court of Justice
6. Secretariat
3. Which are the special bodies of United Nations ?
A.3.The special bodies of United Nations are:
1. World Health Organization [W.H.O]
2. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]
3. International Labour Organization [ILO]
4. United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund [UNICEF]
5. Food and Agricultural Organization [FAO]
6. World Bank [IBRD]
Lesson 14 ANSWER IN BRIEF
Q.1. Give a brief introduction of South Africa.
A.1. Most of the part of this country which is situated to the extreme south of the African continent
lies in the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through its
northern part.
South Africa was an agricultural country earlier, but due to diamonds and gold mines found in the
region of river Vaal in 1867, big changes took place in its economy and within no time became a
developed and affluent country of the African continent.
Its administrative capital is Pretoria, but its parliamentary capital is Cape Town and judicial capital
is Bloemfontein. Johannesburg and Durban are its main cities.
Q.2. Write few lines on the rivers and lakes of Africa.
1 The main rivers of Africa are Nile, Congo, Niger and Zambezi.
2 Nile is the longest river of the world, with 6436 km length. It originates from highlands of
Ethiopia and moves to Sudan. It further moves through Egypt and meets the Mediterranean
Sea.
3 Most of the rivers of Africa originate from the middle of the highlands and meet the sea.
4 These rivers are not very useful as waterways because they floe through uneven and rocky
areas.
5 However, most of the rivers are useful for generating electricity.
6 The chief lakes of Africa are Nyasa, Victoria, Chad, Rudolph, etc.
7 A few lakes like Victoria, Chad and Gani are inside the valley in East Africa.
3. Write few lines on Sri Lanka.
1 The island country which was known as Ceylon or Sinhaldweep in the past is also
known as Island of Gems or the Pearl of the East.
2 Palk Strait in the north and Gulf of Mannar n the west separates it from India. As it is
near the equator, its climate is hot and humid, though the climate of its central
highland region is pleasant.
3 Due to heavy rains in this region there are about 104 rivers. Maheveli Ganga is the
biggest river.
4 Crops like rice, tea, spices, coconut and rubber grow here in plenty.
5 Its main languages are Sinhalese and Tamil.
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with this medium many matters have been solved and justice has been imparted to the people. To
free the labourers from inhuman labour and to free few prisoners from Bihar this scheme of
application of the Supreme Court has been used.
Lesson 5
Q.1. Write few lines on Vir Bhagat Singh
A.2. Bhagat Singh was born on25th September, 1907 in Banga village of Layalpur district of Punjab.
He was an active participant in burning the foreign clothes during Non Cooperation Movement. He
got a good backing for his revolutionary ideas when he came in touch with Shukdev, Bhagwat
Charan and Yashpal. Along with Batukeshwar Butt, he threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly on
8th April 1928. His main objective behind throwing a bomb was to awaken the deaf British
Government. Various pamphlets were distributed carrying revolutionary messages and they fired
shots in the air and surrendered themselves peacefully. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru killed
the British officer named Saunders to take revenge for the murder of Lala Lajpat Rai. The three of
them were hung to death on 23rd March.
Q.2. Write few lines on Vir Savarkar.
A.2. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was born on 28th May 1883 in Bhagur village of Nasik. He
established an institution named Mitra Mela which was later known as Abhinav Bharat. The
main objective of this institution was to free India from the British rule with the help of weapons and
through revolt. He lit fire to foreign clothes. He went to London for further studies. He wrote a book
titled 1857: Indias first freedom struggle. He was sent to Kala Pani punishment to Andaman in
the charge of the murder of a British official. Due to his poor health, he was kept hidden in India as a
prisoner. He died on 26thFebruary, 1966.
LESSON 6 L-6 HUMAN RESOURCES
Q.1. Why is human resource considered the most important capital of a nation?
A.1.Human resource is considered the most important capital of a nation due to following reasons.
1. Human resource is the most important resource because manpower is needed for the successful
implementation of any plan for development.
2. Nature has endowed humans with intelligence, power of thinking, ambition, power to take
decisions and to implement them. As a result people who have acquired good education and skillful
training become a worthy asset of the nation.
3. Education and technical knowledge is very important for training of mankind. It is only with this
that each work can be accomplished efficiently by man. For this there should be 100% literacy in the
nation.
4. Number of working class percentage should be more in a country. To achieve this end, it is
necessary to control birth rate in India.
Q.2.. Explain the reasons for population explosion.
Reasons for population explosion in India are due to following reasons.
1 Food and nutrition is available easily and sufficiently.
2 Due to advanced medical facilities, patients can be treated well and spread of communicable
diseases can be stopped.
3 Transport and communication are quite efficient now, which means that sick people are carried
to hospital on time.
4 Disaster management has become very advanced and it can forecast floods, tsunamis, etc. and
alert the people.
5 Disaster management rehabilitates needy people and provides them necessary help. All these
improved facilities and advancement has decreased the death rate and hence the population has
taken place.
6 Apart from these reasons, even the life span of the people has increased.
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7 People migrate from smaller towns to cities or from one country to another for education,
business, etc. which adds to the population explosion.
Lesson 7 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE MAHATMA : PART 1
Q.1. Write few lines on Non Co-operation Movement
A.1 Gandhiji started the Non Co-operation Movement with the mere thought of not supporting the
Britishers. The movement had two main aspects:
A] The first was the complete boycott of government jobs, legislative meetings, government
educational institutions, honours, foreign clothes and goods.
B] The second aspect was the removal of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity, saying no to alcohol
and propagation of Swadeshi and national education.
The movement became more widespread in 1921-22.
1 Students left the schools and colleges.
2 Leaders like Motilal Nehru, C.Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali left their advocacy.
3 Most of the members of legislative assembly and local self government institutions resigned
their jobs.
4 The foreign clothes were lighted at various places.
5 The Charka started taking its place in every home and Swadeshi was propagated.
6 Many educational institutions were established.
7 After the violent incident at Chauri Chaura, Gandhiji ended the Non Co-operation
Movement.
2 Write few lines on: Jallianwala Baugh Massacre:-
To protest against the Rowlett Act, the people of Punjab announced strike on 30th March and
13thApril, 1919. On 13th April, people organized a meeting to pay tribute to martyrs and also to
protest against the arrest of Dr.Satyapal and Dr.Kichu. Military officer General Dyer came to know
about this and he reached the Baugh with the military.
Without giving a single warning to stop the meeting, he opened fire on the armies and the helpless
people who had gathered there to attend the meeting. The garden had only one narrow common
entry and exit. The soldiers blocked this entry and fired from there and so people couldnt escape.
The soldiers started firing from the high walls also. It ended when General Dyer and his army fell
short of bullets.
As per government records, 379 died and 1200 were injured. In reality, the number was quite more
than that. After this incident, Gandhiji completely lost his faith towards the British Government in
terms of justice and commitment.
LESSON 10 FOLLOWING THE MAHATMA: PART II
1. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
The Quit India Movement was started in 1942 A.D. to make the British leave India and to attain
complete freedom. Gandhiji warned the British that they should leave India immediately. Gandhiji
ordered the people of India to follow the principle of Do or Die and to continue the non violent
struggle against the British. The historical resolution of British, Quit India was passed on the 8 th
August, 1942, during the meeting of Indian National Congress.
Gandhiji, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and other important leaders
of Congress were arrested and put in jail on 9th August in the early hours of morning. The anger of
the people was aroused. Thus, the Quit India Movement spread all over the country. There were
huge strikes, public meetings, processions and protest rallies all over India. Maximum farmers and
youngsters joined this movement. People ruined government houses and the media. To curb this
movement, the government adopted cruel measures like group arrests, capture, imprisonment, etc.
on a large scale; however, they were unsuccessful in doing so. So the British government realized that
now their hold over the people of India would not remain for long.
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