DT024/4 Structural Analysis IV 13029 CBEH 4132

Fixed-End Moments
Loading

MA Configuration MB

P
PL MA MB PL
+
8 A B 8
L/2 L/2

w
wL2 MA MB wL2
+ A B
12 L 12

P
2 MA MB
Pab Pa 2b
+ A B
L2 a b L2
L

P
3PL MA
+ -
16 A B
L/2 L/2

w
MA
wL2
+ A B -
8 L

P
Pab ( 2 L a ) MA
+ A B -
2 L2 a b
L

Displacements

MA Configuration MB
MB
MA
6EI 6EI
+ A B +

L2 L2
L

MA
3EI A B
+ 2

-
L
L

Exam Handout DIT Bolton St Dr. C. Caprani

DT024/4 Structural Analysis IV 13029 CBEH 4132

Displacements

Configuration Translations Rotations

w
A B 5wL4 wL3
C C = A = B =
384 EI 24 EI
L

P
A B PL3 PL2
C C = A = B =
L/2 L/2 48 EI 16 EI

P
Pa ( L a )
A B
PL3 3a a A
3 = ( 2L a )
C C 4
6 LEI
a b L = Pa L2 a 2
48EI L
B ( )
L 6 LEI

A B
C ML2
A =
ML
( 3a 2 6a + 2 )
a (1 a )(1 2a )
6 EI
aL C =
L
3EI B =
ML
( 3a 2 1)
6 EI

w
wL4 wL3
A B B = B =
L 8EI 6 EI

P
PL3 PL2
A B B = B =
3EI 2 EI
L

M ML2 ML
A B B = B =
L 2 EI EI

Exam Handout DIT Bolton St Dr. C. Caprani

DT024/4 Structural Analysis IV CBEH 4132

Matrix Stiffness Analysis

Truss Element Stiffness Matrix

K11 K12
K ij =
K 21 K 22
cos 2 cos sin
K11 =
cos sin sin 2

K11 = K 22 = K12 = K 21

Member Force

EA jx ix
Pij = [ cos sin ]
L ij jy iy

Frame Element Stiffness Matrix

K11 K12
K ij =
K 21 K 22
EA EA
L 0 0 L 0 0

K11 = 0
6 EI
K12 = K 21 = 0
12 EI 12 EI 6 EI
3
L3 L2 L L2
6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI
0 0 2
L2 L L L

EA
L 0 0

K 22 = 0
12 EI 6 EI
2
L3 L
6 EI 4 EI
0 2
L L

Frame Element Transformation Matrix

cos sin 0
T = sin cos 0
0 0 1

Exam Handout DIT Bolton St Dr C. Caprani

DT024/4 Structural Analysis IV CBEH 4132

Virtual Work
Volume Integrals

j j j1 j2 j

l l l l

1 1 1 1
k
jkl jkl ( j1 + 2 j2 ) kl jkl
l
3 6 6 2

1 1 1 1
( 2 j1 + j2 ) kl
k
jkl jkl jkl
l 6 3 6 2
1
j1 ( 2k1 + k2 ) +
6
1 1 1
k1 k2 j ( k1 + 2k2 ) l j ( 2k1 + k2 ) l j ( k1 + k2 ) l
j2 ( k1 + 2k2 ) l
6 6 2
l

1 1 1
k jkl jkl ( j1 + j2 ) kl jkl
2 2 2
l
1
j1 ( l + b ) +
1
jk ( l + a )
1
jk ( l + b ) 6 1
k

jkl
j2 ( l + a ) k
a b 6 6 2

5 1 1 2
k
jkl jkl ( 3 j1 + 5 j2 ) kl jkl
l
12 4 12 3

1 5 1 2
k jkl jkl ( 5 j1 + 3 j2 ) kl jkl
4 12 12 3
l

1 1 1 1
k
jkl jkl ( j1 + 3 j2 ) kl jkl
l
4 12 12 3

k 1 1 1 1
jkl jkl ( 3 j1 + j2 ) kl jkl
l 12 4 12 3

1 1 1 2
jkl jkl ( j1 + j2 ) kl jkl
k

3 3 3 3
l

Exam Handout DIT Bolton St Dr C. Caprani

DT024 Structural Analysis IV CBEH 4132

Structural Dynamics

SDOF Systems
Fundamental equation of motion mu&&(t ) + cu& (t ) + ku (t ) = F (t )

Equation of motion for free vibration u&&(t ) + 2 u& (t ) + 2u (t ) = 0

Relationship between frequency, circular frequency,
1 1 k
period, stiffness and mass: Fundamental frequency f = = =
T 2 2 m
for an SDOF system.
c
Coefficient of damping 2 =
m
k
Circular frequency 2 =
m
c
Damping ratio =
ccr

Critical value of damping ccr = 2m = 2 km

u (t ) = cos ( t + )

General solution for free-undamped vibration

u&
2
u&
= u + 0 ; tan = 0
2

u0
0

d = 1 2
Damped circular frequency, period and frequency 2 d
Td = ; fd =
d 2

u (t ) = e t cos ( d t + )

2
u& + u0
= u + 0 2
;
General solution for free-damped vibrations
d
0

u0 u&0
tan =
u0 d

un
Logarithmic decrement of damping = ln = 2m
un + m d
0.11
Half-amplitude method when un + m = 0.5un
m

Exam Handout DIT Bolton St Dr C. Caprani

DT024 Structural Analysis IV CBEH 4132

p
u
Amplitude after p-cycles un + p = n +1 un
un
Equation of motion for forced response (sinusoidal) mu&&(t ) + cu& (t ) + ku (t ) = F0 sin t

u p ( t ) = sin ( t )
1 2
F0
( ) + ( 2 )
2
General solution for forced-damped vibration = 1 2
2
;
k

response and frequency ratio
2
tan = =
1 2

1 2

(
DAF D = 1 2 ) + ( 2 )
2 2
Dynamic amplification factor (DAF)

Undamped free-vibration response

General case of an under-critically damped system.

Exam Handout DIT Bolton St Dr C. Caprani