Increasing network lifetime by energy-efficient routing scheme for OLSR

protocol

Abstract
One of the main considerations in designing routing protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
(MANET) is to increase network lifetime by minimizing nodes energy consumption, since
nodes are typically battery powered. Many proposals have been addressed to this problem;
however, few papers consider a proactive protocol like Optimized Link State Routing
Protocol (OLSR) to better manage the energy consumption. Some of them have explored
modifications to the MPRs selection mechanism, whereas others have investigated multiple
cross layer parameters to increase the network lifetime. In this paper, we explored both
modification to MPR selection and integrating appropriate routing metrics in the routing
decision scheme to lessen effects of reason that lead to more energy consumption.

Introduction
MANET is a self-configured, infrastructure-less, network of mobile devices connected by
wireless links, MANET can also be defined as, a collection of mobile wireless nodes that
intercommunicate on share wireless channels. Individual devices in a mobile ad hoc network
are free to move in any direction and frequently devices links changes occur. Since MANETs
are highly suitable for applications involving special outdoor events, communications in
regions with no wireless infrastructure, emergencies and natural disasters, and military
operations. Routing is one of the key issues in MANETs due to their highly dynamic and
distributed nature, in recent years, many routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs.
These protocols can be classified into three different groups: proactive, reactive and hybrid.
In proactive routing protocols such as DSDV and OLSR, the routes to all the destination (or
parts of the network) are determined at the start up, and maintained by using a periodic route
update process. In reactive protocols such as AODV, DSR, routes are determined when they
are required by the source using a route discovery process. Hybrid routing protocols
combines the basic properties of the first two classes of protocols into one.

Existing System

In existing system energy efficient routing may be the most important design criteria for
MANETs, since mobile nodes will be powered by batteries with limited capacity. Power
failure of a mobile node not only affects the node itself but also its ability to forward packets
on behalf of others and thus the overall network lifetime. For this reason, many research
efforts have been devoted to developing energy aware routing protocols to increase network
lifetime. Most existing energy-aware MANET routing schemes are reactive.

Proposed System
In proposed system the energy aware routing with a proactive routing protocol is proposed.
While proactive routing is known to be inefficient to scale to large-size mobile network, it
has the advantage of handling heavier traffic without extra routing control overhead, which
could be significant in reactive routing. And also exploring modifications to OLSR protocol;
we evaluate the impact of these modifications on the network performance under a wide
range of scenarios. Unlike previous work, we are interested in whether changing both MPR
selection and investigating cross layer parameters that effect the network lifetime.

Literature Survey
Jubin J, Tornow J. [1] In this paper we describe the current state of the DARPA packet radio
network. Fully automated algorithms and protocols to organize, control, maintain, and move
traffic through the packet radio network have been designed, implemented, and tested. By
means of protocols, networks of about 50 packet radios with some degree of nodal mobility
can be organized and maintained under a fully distributed mode of control. We have
described the algorithms and illustrated how the PRNET provides highly reliable network
transport and datagram service, by dynamically determining optimal routes, effectively
controlling congestion, and fairly allocating the channel in the face of changing link
conditions, mobility, and varying traffic loads.

N. Ghanem et al., [2] This paper presents two novel mechanisms for the OLSR routing
protocol, aiming to improve its energy performance in Mobile ah-hoc Networks. Routing
protocols over MANET are an important issue and many proposals have been addressed to
efficiently manage topology information, to offer network scalability and to prolong network
lifetime. However, few papers consider a proactive protocol (like OLSR) to better manage the
energy consumption. OLSR presents the advantage of finding a route between two nodes in
the network in a very short time, thanks to its proactive scheme, but it can expend a lot of
resources selecting the MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) and exchanging Topology Control
information. We propose a modification in the MPR selection mechanism of OLSR protocol,
based on the Willingness concept, in order to prolong the network lifetime without losses of
performance (in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay or overhead). Additionally, we prove
that the exclusion of the energy consumption due to the overhearing can extend the lifetime
of the nodes without compromising the OLSR functioning at all. A comparison of an Energy-
Efficient OLSR (EE-OLSR) and the classical OLSR protocol is performed, testing some
different well-known energy aware metrics such as MTPR, CMMBCR and MDR. We notice
how EE-OLSR outperforms classical OLSR, and MDR confirms to be the most performing
metric to save battery energy in a dense mobile network with high traffic loads.

Software Environment and Tool

Programming language
The language used for the implementation of project must be platform independent,
simple and powerful, object oriented, robust, interactive, easy to learn, dynamic and
extensible.
C++ Language
The C++ object model helps speed development in two ways. First through abstraction
or information hiding, C++ allows us to divide and conquer complex applications like
communications protocols. Information hiding is one of the most powerful tools we have for
dealing with complexity. The C++ object model allows a developer to explicitly define what
information is to be hidden through the use of private data. The C++ object model is far
superior to Cs module concept which is only enforced by programming conventions and not
enforced by the language rules. C modules only work well if everyone follows the rules. C+
+ classes can be used to closely model the concepts defined in a communications protocols
specification.
OTcl script
An OTcl script will do the following.
Initiates an event scheduler.
Sets up the network topology using the network objects.
Tells traffic sources when to start/stop transmitting packets through the event
scheduler.
AWK Script
The basic function of AWK is to search files for lines (or other units of text) that contain
certain patterns. When a line matches one of the patterns, awk performs specified actions on
that line. AWK keeps processing input lines in this way until the end of the input files are
reached.
Programs in awk are different from programs in most other languages, because awk
programs are data-driven; that is, you describe the data you wish to work with, and then what
to do when you find it. Most other languages are procedural; you have to describe, in great
detail, every step the program is to take. When working with procedural languages, it is
usually much harder to clearly describe the data your program will process. For this reason,
awk programs are often refreshingly easy to both write and read.
When you run awk, you specify an awk program that tells awk what to do. The program
consists of a series of rules. Syntactically, a rule consists of a pattern followed by an action.
The action is enclosed in curly braces to separate it from the pattern. Rules are usually
separated by newlines. Therefore, an awk program looks like this:
pattern { action }
pattern { action } ...

Introduction to Network Simulator Tool (NS2)

NS2 is an object-oriented simulator developed as part of the VINT project at the University
of California in Berkeley. The project is funded by DARPA in collaboration with XEROX
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL).
NS2 is extensively used by the networking research community. It provides substantial
support for simulation of TCP, routing, multicast protocols over wired and wireless (local and
satellite) networks, etc. The simulator is event-driven and runs in a non-real-time fashion. It
consists of C++ core methods and uses Tcl and Object Tcl shell as interface allowing the
input file (simulation script) to describe the model to simulate.
 Figu
re : Simplified User's View of NS

Software and Hardware Requirements

Hardware Requirements
Hardware requirements for the implementation and testing this project are mentioned
as below.
Processor: Any processor with speed above 500 MHz.
RAM: 512Mb.
Hard Disk: 20 GB.
Input device: Standard Keyboard and Mouse.
Output device: VGA and High Resolution Monitor.

Software Requirements
Software requirements for the implementation and testing of this project are mentioned as
below.
Operating System : UBUNTU 14.0
Tool: NS-3.25
Language : C++ and Python