AUSTRIA

MARKET SIZE
POPULATION
TOTAL POPULATION:
(2004)
Spanish Institute of Foreign Trade-Country Cards 2004
POLICY FRAMEWORK
(November 2004)
FORM OF GOVERNMENT:
FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.
8104878
Population density:
(2004)
HEAD OF STATE:
96 hab./km2
CZECH REPUBLIC
The President of the Republic, elected every six years with one re-election. Fro
m the July 8, 2004, HEINZ FISCHER.
GROWTH RATE:
(2003)
0.31%
URBAN POPULATION:
(Census 2001)
66.8%
ROAD NETWORK
PARLIAMENT:
The Parliament consists of two chambers, the Chamber of Deputies (Nationalrat) a
nd the Upper House (Bundesrat). The Chamber of Deputies has 183 members directly
elected by proportional representation every four years. The Nationalrat prepar
ed, discussed and sanctions laws. Your vote of confidence may result in the dism
issal of the Federal Government or any of its members. The upper house (Bundesra
t) consists of 63 deputies of the provinces (autonomous regions), elected every
four years according to the principle of proportional representation. In general
, federal bills passed by the House of Representatives are to be subject to appr
oval by the Upper House, whose powers are merely advisory. The next legislative
elections will take place in autumn 2006.
DISTRIBUTION BY GENDER:
(2004)
MALE: FEMALE: Age distribution:
(2004)
48.5% 51.5%
PEOPLE MAIN CITIES:
(Thousands of inhabitants. 2001 census)
RAILWAYS RIVERS
DA NU BIO
VIENNA:
(Capital)
1563 226 186 145 114
MAIN SHOPPING AREAS 0 50 100 km
LINZ WELS
ST. PÖLTEN
VIENNA
GRAZ: LINZ:
GERMANY
SALZBURG BREGENZ
WIENER STEYR NEUSTADT
0-14: 15-64: 65 +:
16.2% 67.9% 15.9%
SALZBURG: INNSBRUCK:
SLOVAKIA
Leoben
IN N
PRIME MINISTER:
The Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP).
GRAZ INNSBRUCK
LIECHTENSTEIN
GOVERNING PARTY:
The Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) (79 deputies) in coalition with the Liberal Pa
rty of Austria (FPÖ) (18 deputies), the latter right-wing party with nationalist
tendencies. The ÖVP has assumed, under the chairmanship of Chancellor Schüssel,
liberal economic programs, replacing cristianoconservadora orientation that has
characterized it for decades. The main opposition parties are the Social Democr
atic Party of Austria (SPÖ) (69 deputies) and the Greens (Grüne) (17 deputies).
HUNGARY
MUR
INCOME
Gross Domestic Product
GDP by expenditure components:
Current prices (EUR million, 2003) VALUE%
SWITZERLAND
KLAGENFURT VILLACH
ITALY SLOVENIA CROATIA
127,725 42,005 51,603 -481 116,162 -112,744 224,270 57.0 18.7 23.0 -0.2 51.8 -50
.3 100.0
Private consumption Public consumption Gross fixed capital formation Changes in
inventories Exports of goods and services Imports of goods and services GDP at m
arket prices
TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE:
The Federal Republic of Austria comprises nine autonomous regions (Länder), each
with a parliament (Landtag) and representation in the upper house of federal pa
rliament.
GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES
The Republic of Austria (83 859 km2, of which 42% are farmland and forest land 3
8%), is located in South Central Europe. Bordered by Germany to the northwest, n
ortheast Czech Republic and Slovakia, Hungary to the east, southeast Slovenia, I
taly to the west and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. Two major geogra
phic elements characterizing Austria: the Alps and the Danube. The country is ma
inly mountainous relief: the natural region of the Eastern Alps occupies about 5
3,000 km2, ie 63% of the national area. However, the capital, Vienna, the provin
ce of Lower Austria and Burgenland region are flat. The highest peak is the Gros
sglockner at 3,797 m altitude. The Danube runs about 350 km from Austrian territ
ory in the north. Broadly speaking we can distinguish three climatic regions. Th
e east has a continental climate, dry and cold winters in the Alps region, rich
in rainfall, has short summers and long winters. The rest of Austria has a humid
climate, typical of central European regions.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
(Vienna) JANUARY: -1 º C July: 20 º C
SOCIAL INTEREST DATA
COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION:
There Slovenian minority groups in the region of Carinthia and Croats in the reg
ion of Burgenland. 10% of the resident population is not of Austrian nationality
, two thirds of these citizens come from the former Yugoslavia and Turkey.
(2003)
(Prev 2004)
REAL GROWTH OF GDP:
(Base 1995)
0.7%
1.9%
RELIGION:
74% Roman Catholic, Protestant 5%, 4% Muslim, 12% without confession.
GDP PER CAPITA:
Current prices (EUR 2003)
27 761
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:
GERMAN.
NATURE OF THE ECONOMY
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
EMPLOYED POPULATION BY SECTOR:
(2003)
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
GROSS VALUE ADDED BY BRANCH OF ACTIVITY
Constant 1995 prices (billions of euros, 2003) VALUE%
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY: Industry (including construction): SERVICES: UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE:
(2003)
5.7% 28.8% 65.5% 4.1%
Agriculture, forestry Industry, Mining, Energy Construction Wholesale and retail
trade, hotels Transport, storage and communication Financial intermediation Rea
l estate, renting and business activities Public administration Other services g
ross value added
4.46 46.71 13.87 32.68 14.65 13.45 30.03 10.74 25.85 192.44
2.3 24.3 7.2 17.0 7.6 7.0 15.6 5.6 13.4 100.0
ROADS: The road network has a total area of 106 360 miles of freeways and highwa
ys that cover approximately 1,900 km (1.8%). The Transportation Plan in force pr
ovides for the expansion and improvement of existing connections to the Czech Re
public and Slovakia. The improvement of highways and expressways are financed pr
imarily through a toll for trucks and buses, introduced in January 2004, which c
omplements the existing general tolling passenger vehicles. RAIL: The railway ne
twork covers an area of 6,200 kilometers. The current Transportation Plan provid
es for the extension of the route Vienna-Linz-Wels, the lines of the River Valle
y Inn-project includes the construction of the Brenner tunnel under the Tyrolean
Alps will absorb much of the commercial transportation and transit- the realiza
tion of a new railway line between Graz and Klagenfurt.
Waterways: The transport infrastructure is limited to the Danube river, which ha
s in Austria with 16 ports of importance among them the ports of Linz, Enns, Kre
ms and Vienna. AIRPORTS: Austria has six major airports: Vienna, Graz, Salzburg,
Linz, Innsbruck and Klagenfurt. The Austrian national airline is part of the St
ar Alliance partnership. Within the group Austrian, Lauda Air specializes in cha
rter flights and regional flights Austrian Arrows.
PRICES:
(Variation 2003 / 2002)
WHOLESALE PRICES: CONSUMER PRICES: GOVERNMENT DEFICIT:
(2003)
1.7% 1.3% 1.3% GDP MAIN FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTIVE SECTORS
BUSINESS AND BANKING SERVICES
The main agricultural areas of Austria are located north of the Alps and both ba
nks of the Danube plains stretching to the border with Hungary. In these areas d
ominated by cereal crops, fruit trees and vineyards. In western areas, the most
important activities are livestock breeding and forestry. The main agricultural
productions are Austrian beef, pork and poultry, milk, fresh fruit, wine, grain,
barley, corn and potatoes. Currently the agricultural sector tries to specializ
e in "niche" market, p. eg. biological products. The Austrian industrial sector
is characterized, more so than in other European economies, by the weight of tra
ditional industries such as iron and steel, machinery and chemical products in A
ustria industries that generate high added value and continue to occupy importan
t positions in international markets. The petrochemical industry is dominated by
 the OMV company, mainly produces textile fibers, pesticides and pharmaceuticals
, polypropylene, plastics and fuel. In the automotive industry has developed a s
pecialized product offering and an important industry of auto parts and accessor
ies, the major companies are Voestalpine, General Motors, Magna and AVL List. In
recent years, production has also directed to sectors with greater technologica
l content and surface treatment, automation, microelectronics and information te
chnology, biotechnology and medical equipment. Export sectors are the most repre
sentative of machinery, railway systems (produced by Voestalpine, an Austrian in
dustrial group most internationally), and paper and cardboard. Moreover, after t
he privatization of some thirty major state enterprises, the state has withdrawn
, among others, the petroleum, snuff, steel, printing and telecommunications. It
has also been privatized Vienna airport. The tertiary sector is very diversifie
d and contributes approximately 67% of GDP. Trade shows a concentration greater
than usual in other European countries, 90% of the food market is dominated by f
ive chains. An important part of the big chains are owned by foreign groups, mos
tly of German origin. Tourism generates nearly a third of services revenue balan
ce of payments.€Through a series of environmental standards and a commitment to
non-exploitation of nuclear energy, Austria has established an image of unspoilt
country, which annually attracts about 18 million foreign tourists.
MARKETING
In Austria the import channel most common is the purchase through wholesalers, m
any of which are dedicated both to imports and exports. Some Austrian importers
buy worldwide, while others have specialized in certain countries or regions. A
number of importing companies selling on an exclusive basis and consider additio
nal offers only when they are complementary to its business line. In many sector
s, and given the small size of domestic demand, the import is done through inter
mediaries located in other countries, p. eg. Germany. Furthermore, aside from go
ing to the national fairs, and given the importance and proximity of Italy and G
ermany, many Austrians are buyers also visit trade fairs in these countries to m
eet their supply sector. Publicity is well developed. The most important ways to
advertise are the newspapers and magazines, followed by television and radio. I
n Austria, the competition has generated discerning buyers: the quality, present
ation and image of a product are analyzed critically. Austrian Buyers assume the
provision of timely and in accordance with samples and fluid distribution of sp
are parts and smooth running of the technical services. In general, technical an
d quality requirements are high. On the other hand, competition is often rigorou
s in terms of price. Normally, the introduction of a new supplier in the market
leads to the displacement of an existing one.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
(Millions of euros, 2003)
Trade balance Exports (FOB) Imports (FOB) Transfer Revenue Services Current Acco
unt Capital Account Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Rese
rve Account Derivatives Financial Errors and omissions
1,654 78,798 -77,144 824 -2,458 -2,065 -2,045 -100 -203 4,999 -2,795 -691 1,795
3,105 -961
BANKS
The Austrian banking system is controlled by the Austrian National Bank (Österre
ichische Nationalbank), central bank, in which the State contributes 50% of its
capital. Austrian Financial institutions are grouped into five categories: banks
, savings banks, Raiffeisen institutions, credit unions and mortgage banks. Bank
s represent a diverse sector, covering both universal banks and regional trade,
as banks with specialized functions. The major Austrian bank is the Bank Austria
Creditanstalt (BA-CA) that was acquired in July 2000 by the HypoVereinsbank (HVB
), second largest bank in Bavaria, resulting in a major European banks. In the a
rea of savings banks, which perform banking functions, the most important entity
 is the Erste Bank, the Postal Savings Bank is majority owned by the Union of Au
stria. For its part, Raiffeisen institutes, agricultural credit cooperatives whi
ch are part of the agricultural organization of the same name, have shifted to g
eneral banking functions. In turn, popular banks (Volksbanken) serve mainly smal
l and medium enterprises, as well as mortgage banks, the latter generally are in
volved in implantation in the regions of origin. The main issue facing the Austr
ian banking is the excessive density of its network of subsidiaries, according t
o a study by the OECD, Austria has the densest banking network in Europe, yet wi
th lower profit per branch. Currently, no Spanish bank has operational or repres
entative offices in Austria.
EXTERNAL DEBT
(Millions of euros at the end of period, 2003)
Total external debt External debt service external debt / GDP external debt serv
ice / exports of goods and services
6.2% 13 129 2099
1.8%
MARKET OPENNESS AND ACCESSIBILITY
MARKET OPENING DEGREE
(Goods, 2003)
MARKET ACCESS
71.3% 36.1% TOTAL IMPORT / EXPORT GLOBAL TOTAL IMPORT / EXPORT GLOBAL 1.28% 1.25
%
FOREIGN TRADE (IMPORT Export.ar +.) / GDP Imports / GDP
TRADE REGIME
STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN TRADE
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE OF AUSTRIA
(Percent structure, 2003)
IMPORTS
EU-15 65.2% 18.2% OTHER WORLD
EXPORTS
EU-15 59.8% 20.7% OTHER WORLD
The introduction of goods from other member countries of the EU or from third co
untries which are in free circulation in those Member States€is not subject to q
uantitative restrictions or import licenses. Despite the total liberalization of
receipts and payments abroad, the Austrian Central Bank requested information o
n transfer payments and capital for statistical purposes. If these transactions
are made through a bank, this is responsible for communicating the central bank.
In the case of transactions without bank intermediation as transit operations,
securities and deposits
TARIFFS
opening accounts abroad, is the client who has an obligation to inform the Centr
al Bank. In Austria, the most widely used means of payment is the SWIFT transfer
for both domestic and international operations. It is advisable for Spanish exp
orters in the bills include a penalty clause for late payment, which implies an
interest rate of time-bound and not respected. It is also common to apply for Au
strian enterprises favorable conditions for the prompt payment discount by the a
mounts due.
GERMANY 41.0%
JAPAN 2.2% CZECH REPUBLIC 3.2% HUNGARY 3.2% U.S. 3.9% SWITZERLAND 4.1% ITALY SPA
IN FRANCE UNITED OTHER EU COUNTRIES 6.3% 7.0% 3.9% 1.7% NETHERLANDS KINGDOM 3.0%
2.3%
SLOVENIA 31.8% GERMANY 2.0% CZECH REPUBLIC 3.1% HUNGARY 4.0% SWITZERLAND 5.2% IT
ALY SPAIN FRANCE UNITED OTHER EU COUNTRIES U.S. KINGDOM 4.4% 9.0% 2.6% NETHERLAN
DS 5.5% 5.2% 4.4% 2.1%
AUSTRIA'S FOREIGN TRADE BY PRODUCTS
Tariff chapters of the Combined Nomenclature of the EU (million, 2003)
VALUE% CHANGE 03/02
HISPANO-AUSTRIAN BILATERAL TRADE
Tariff chapters of the EU's Combined Nomenclature (thousands of euros, 2003)
VALUE% CHANGE 03/02
The introduction of goods from other EU Member States is exempt from payment of
fees. The import of goods from third countries are subject to the rights of the
Common Customs Tariff of the EU.
MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS COMMERCIAL AND ECONOMIC
EUROPEAN UNION (EU) ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (EMU) International Monetary Fun
d (IMF) World Bank (WB) WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVEL
OPMENT (UNCTAD)
IMPORTS (CIF) 84. Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery 87. Motor vehicles, tract
ors 85. 27 Electrical machinery and apparatus. Mineral fuels and oils 39. Plasti
cs and articles thereof 30. Pharmaceuticals 90. Optical instruments and apparatu
s 94. Furniture 48. Paper and cardboard 62. Articles of apparel and clothing acc
essories, knitted Remaining Imports Exports (FOB) 84. Nuclear reactors, boilers,
machinery 87. Motor vehicles, tractors 48. Paper and cardboard 39. Plastics and
articles thereof 44. Wood 29. 72 Organic chemicals. Iron and steel 73. Articles
of iron or steel 27. Mineral fuels and oils 94. Remaining furniture exports
80,993 11,933 9,382 8,981 6,454 3,293 2,326 2,229 1,982 1,711 1,620 31,082 78,90
3 14,127 7,853 3,606 3,102 2,864 2,721 2,616 2,345 2,013 1,970 35,686
12.6 5.0 6.1 6.5 1.3 6.2 1.3 3.3 3.9 0.2 4.9 -1.3 -0.6 1.9 1.7 -0, 9 2.4 5.7 -2.
3 13.2 3.1 9.4 2.5 1.7
SPANISH EXPORTS (FOB) 87. Motor vehicles, tractors 29. 85 Organic chemicals. 84
Electrical machinery and apparatus. Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery 08. 07
edible fruit. Vegetables 39. Plastics and articles thereof 47. Pulp of wood or o
f other fibrous cellulosic material 40. Rubber and articles thereof 30. Remainin
g exports pharmaceuticals SPANISH IMPORTS (CIF) 84. Nuclear reactors, boilers, m
achinery 87. Motor vehicles, tractors 85. 48 Electrical machinery and apparatus.
Paper and cardboard 39. Plastics and articles thereof 29. Organic chemicals 30.
Pharmaceuticals 90. Optical instruments and apparatus 44. Wood and articles the
reof 73. Articles of iron or steel imports Remaining
1,260,576 338,370 140,269 114,788 87,408 56,242 47,864 46,954 44,858 32,482 31,5
40 319,801 1,819,074 444,825 342,891 294,257 94,314 64,252 60,569 42,516 38,312
33,230 30,222 373,686
3.6 20.8 -8.2 3.4 10.2 -0.4 0.8 -18.7 3.1 80.7 -16.8 -3.6 -2.6 -27.7 - 6.5 60.7
9.7 14.8 6.8 -13.7 -4.8 65.4 -8.1 3.6
EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (EBRD) African Development Bank
(AfDB) Asian Development Bank (ADB) INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (IDB)
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
FISCAL SYSTEM
There are two categories of tax rates on value added tax (VAT): The overall 20%
and 10% reduced. The general rate of taxation of corporate income tax is 34%. Fr
om January 2005, be reduced to 25%.€Spain has signed an agreement with Austria t
o avoid double taxation with respect to taxes on income and wealth, in force sin
ce 01.01.1967 (BOE 01.06.1968). In February 1995, signed an Additional Protocol
to the Convention.
PRACTICAL INFORMATION
CURRENCY
The currency is the euro as in Spain.
LINKS FROM SPAIN
AIRWAY:
IBERIA, Spain and AUSTRIAN, Austrian national airline, offering direct flights.
LOCAL TIME
The same as in Spain: GMT plus one hour in winter and two in summer.
LAND:
Madrid 2444 km distant by road from Vienna and Barcelona 1840 km. The road trip
can be shortened to 660 km using a rail service that runs smoothly autoexpress b
etween Vienna and Feldkirch, on the Swiss border. The major highways are the Vie
nna-Linz-Salzburg (West Highway), which then communicates with Munich and Innsbr
uck, and Vienna-Graz-Klagenfurt (Autopista del Sur).
WORK SCHEDULE
BANKS
IN GENERAL, MONDAY TO FRIDAY HOURS OF 8:00 OR 8:30 to 15:00; THURSDAY OPEN UNTIL
17:30. SOME close for lunch between 12:30 and 13:30.
STANDARDIZATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS
The institution responsible for coordinating and standardizing the Austrian Stan
dards Institute (Österreichisches Normungsinstitutwww.on-ON-norm.at). The Austri
an standards (ÖNORM), in addition to international standards, can be examined an
d learned from this institute. Austrian Standardisation applies the European EN
standards and directives and regulations of the EU technical regulation. On the
other hand, there are systems certification, though voluntary, are considered an
important factor of competitiveness of the company. These include the growing i
mportance of ISO 9000 quality standards.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
MONDAY TO FRIDAY 8:00 to 16:00.
USEFUL ADDRESSES IN AUSTRIA
EMBASSY OF SPAIN IN VIENNA
Argentinierstrasse Chancery and Consular Section, 34 A 1040 Wien Tel.: 00 (43) 1
-505 5788, fax 505 5789 Chancery: 00 (43) 1-504 2076 Consular Section fax: 00 (4
3) 1-505 5788 ce: embespat @ mail.mae.es
USEFUL ADDRESSES IN SPAIN
EMBASSY OF AUSTRIA IN MADRID
CHANCELLOR Paseo de la Castellana, 91 28046 Madrid tel.: 91 556 5315 fax: 91 597
3579 ce: madrid-ob@bmaa.gv.at
SHOPS
SUPERMARKETS: Monday to Wednesday from 8:00 to 19:00, Thursday from 7:30 to 19:3
0, Saturday from 7:30 to 17:00. STORES: Monday to Wednesday from 10:00 to 19:00,
Thursday and Friday from 10:00 to 20:00 Saturday from 09:30 to 18:00.
VACATIONS AND HOLIDAYS
Yearly holidays:
25 working days. With older than 25 years, 30 days per year.
ECONOMIC AND TRADE OFFICE OF THE EMBASSY OF SPAIN IN VIENNA
Stubenring, 16 A 1011 Wien Tel.: 00 (43) 1-513 3933 / 34 Fax: 00 (43) 1-513 8147
ce: viena@mcx.es
SALES OF AUSTRIA IN MADRID
Orense, 11 28020 Madrid tel.: 91 556 4358 fax: 91 556 9991 www.austriantrade.org
/ madrid
PROTECTION OF PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
Austria is a member of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Pro
perty and the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organizati
on (WIPO). Patent, Austria is a signatory of the Munich Convention and the Europ
ean Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and the Strasbourg Agreement on Internationa
l Patent Classification. Within specific brands, has signed the Law Treaty (TLT)
and is part of the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration o
f Marks. European patents can be registered in the Austrian Patent Office. Peopl
e without permanent residence in Austria who wish to apply for a patent must be
represented by counsel. For smaller-scale technological innovations, it is recom
mended to register a utility model that guarantees the user the right to exclusi
ve use for three years with possible extension of eight years.
HOLIDAYS:
January 1 (New Year), January 6 (Epiphany), Good Friday, Easter Monday, 1 May (L
abour Day), Ascension, Whit Monday, Corpus Christi, August 15 (Assumption), 26 O
ctober (National Holiday), November 1 (All Saints), December 8 (Immaculate Conce
ption), December 25 (Christmas), 26 December (Boxing Day).
SPANISH TOURIST OFFICE IN VIENNA
Walfischgasse 8 1010 Wien Tel.: 00 (43) 1-512 9580 fax: 00 (43) 1-512 9581 ce: v
iena@tourspain.es
AUSTRIA COMMERCIAL OFFICE IN BARCELONA
Balmes, 200 08006 Barcelona tel.: 93 292 2378 fax: 93 237 7621 www.austriantrade
.org / barcelona
HEALTH PRECAUTIONS
None in particular.
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND LABOUR
(Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit) Stubenring 1 A-1011 Wien Tel.: 00
(43) 1-711 00-0 Fax: 00 (43) 1-713 7995 www.bmwa.gv.at
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR TOURISM AND TRADE. MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY TOURISM AND TRADE
Paseo de la Castellana, 162 28046 Madrid tel.: 91 349 4000 fax: 91 583 0020 cc:
@ secyt.sscc.mcx.es www.mcx.es buzon.oficial
POWER
Voltage: 220 V, single phase, 380 three phase. Frequency: 50 Hz
ENTRY FORMALITIES OF ROAD TRANSPORT
Spanish carriers wanting access to Austria at the border must present a Communit
y license in force. Can freely enter the carriage of private and public services
 in light vehicles (www.mfom.es). For European Union nationals national identity
card or passport.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY OF AUSTRIA
(Wirtschaftskammer Österreich) Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63 A 1045 Wien Tel.: 00 (43)
1-501 05-0 Fax: 00 (43) 1-501 05 250 www.wko.at
SPANISH INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE (ICEX)
Paseo de la Castellana, 14-16 28046 Madrid tel.: 91 349 6100 fax: 91 431 6128 ww
w.icex.es
SOURCES: Economic and Commercial Office Embassy of Spain in Vienna, Databases IC
EX, Bank of Spain, Central Bureau of Statistics Austria (ÖSTAT), Institute of Ec
onomic Research, Austria (WIFO), Österreichische Nationalbank, WTO, WIPO, The Ec
onomist Intelligence Unit
NOVEMBER, 2004 Legal Deposit: M-NIPO 00000-2004: 381-04-003-1 ISBN: 84-7811-549-
8