Security on the growth path page 2 A lot done, a lot to be done page 7
Security architecture sets standard page 3 Technology at the forefront page 8
Events and Security Regulations page 4 Freight in good hands page 9
Feeling good on take-off page 5 Training assures quality page 10
Glossary Security page 6
Security News
Editorial Security
on the growth path
Air cargo is a growth market. The industry profits as scarcely any other does from
global trading. Companies are increasingly utilising the advantages of fast and flexible
logistics because they are secure and reliable.
High-tech components for the electronics tion authority in 2004. The advantage for custo-
and automobile industry, vaccines or luxury mers: Shipments arrive faster at their destination.
goods. Whatever the shipment, it will very
probably be flown to its destination around
the world by Lufthansa Cargo. Airfreight
In order to guarantee speed
is a premium market. Its growth is fuelled and security in air cargo in fu
primarily by high-value goods. Although in
terms of volume, only less than one per cent
ture, Lufthansa Cargo intends
of worldwide trade is transported by air, that to expand systematically its
percentage accounts for more than a third of
the value of total cargo tonnage. In Germany network of highly secure cargo
Carsten Spohr
Executive Board Member Sales and Marketing
alone, airfreight accounts for more than 40 hubs.
per cent of exports in terms of value.
Freight traffic is strongest within and out of the Swift implementation of the new requirements was
Asia-Pacific region, and the principal growth spurred by the fact that Lufthansa Cargo has ob-
driver is China. According to the Federal Statistics served measures required by US agencies, such
Dear Readers, Office, shipments ex Germany alone in 2006 rose as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), since
by 24.7 per cent while imports from China soared the end of the Nineties owing to its strong busi-
The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 by 22.7 per cent. And future prospects are looking ness in North America. That helped the Company
have triggered enduring change in the aviation good. The International Air Transport Association to react quickly when the USA especially began
industry. Since then, quality has come to IATA is anticipating yearly growth of more than 5 tightening the security regime after the attacks on
mean more than just transporting passengers percent in the years ahead. 11 September 2001.
and cargo fast, flexibly and reliably to their
destination it now critically entails protecting In order to guarantee speed and security in air
passengers and cargo against external thre-
Lufthansa Cargo has implemen cargo in future, Lufthansa Cargo intends to ex-
ats. Only by ensuring maximum security in the ted new security measures quic pand systematically its network of highly secure
transport chain can we harness the growth cargo hubs. Alongside its existing security hubs
opportunities our industry offers.
kly and efficiently. in Frankfurt, New York and Shanghai, Lufthansa
Cargo has begun expanding its security architec-
Precisely for that reason, we have placed Demand for airfreight is biggest among companies ture in Munich and Johannesburg.
security at the core of all our processes. It which depend on fast worldwide availability of
influences our recruitment policy, it prompts transported goods. That is particularly true in the
our investment in cutting-edge technology, semiconductor industry. The saying that a compu-
and it has led to the establishment of our ter is obsolete as soon as it leaves the shop has
own security department, which guarantees become almost folklore. Consequently, success in
that we work, worldwide, to the same high the industry hinges essentially on efficient linkage
security standards. Our efforts are notably de- into global production networks. Such links or
monstrated by our Security Hubs in Frankfurt, connections are best provided by air cargo. And
Shanghai and New York. Equipped with state- speed is not the only imperative, equally important
of-the-art technology, they are setting interna- is transport security and reliability. No wonder,
tional standards in security and logistics. since a pallet of high-value electronic components
can easily be worth more than a million euros.
In order to ensure that we remain bench-
marks in the field, we will continue to invest Owing to its experience in the transport of such
in technology, personnel and processes. That valuable goods, and its focus on its own quality
will, above all, benefit our customers, be they standards, Lufthansa Cargo was also well pre-
at destinations in Europe and the USA or in pared for the new international security require-
the Asian growth markets. Security is integral ments which came into force this year. Alongside
in the quality we strive for, it is integral in the the EU regulations, which became effective with
performance standards that we promise. Se- the amended Aviation Security Act in Germany on
curity is part of the DNA of Lufthansa Cargo. 1 February 2006, those new directives inclu-
de the Air Cargo Security Requirements of the
Cordially Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at
yours the US Homeland Security Department, which
became applicable in May 2006. Lufthansa Cargo
has quickly and efficiently implemented the new
security measures and the detailed procedures
Carsten Spohr laid down for all companies in the transport chain.
Moreover, Lufthansa Cargo became the first Euro-
pean airline to receive certification to the C-TPAT
programme (Customs-Trade Partnership Against
Lufthansa Cargo: Freight securely on its way
Terrorism) by the US Customs and Border Protec-
Security News
Security will remain at the top of the agenda Director JNB FG, and Jon Clark, Handling Chief
We are offering the authori-
again this year at Lufthansa Cargo. Not only in Johannesburg, LCAGs Security Department
is this proven by strict implementation of the is taking independent action and investing in ties our active support because
new EU Regulation 831 but also by deciding new fencing, monitoring systems and security
as early as last year to establish new security personnel.
we want to move development
hubs at the Johannesburg and Munich sta- along in cooperation with them.
tions. The measures planned for South Africa That is why in South Africa Lufthansa Cargo is
are completely different from those in store taking action on its own and investing in The objective of this joint trial phase is to reach
for Lufthansa Cargos second German hub. new fencing, monitoring systems and security consensus on standards which the transport in-
personnel. Zielinski, however, reports that it is dustry as well as legislators from various countries
Johannesburg 2007: Zero thefts unfortunately not easy to find suitable people. can observe. We are still in a grey zone. What one
According to Harald Zielinski, the focus in Johan- For this reason one of his colleagues was at the inspector allows is no guarantee that another one
nesburg is on preventing theft. LCAGs station in January to get an impression about the will approve it, says Zielinski about the currently
Head of Security set a clear goal for 2007, com- situation and to make more detailed plans for contradictory situation. We are offering the autho-
menting about that last few months We no longer further enhancing security. He feels word of this rities our active support because we want to move
want to suffer losses from theft. Various airlines project will get around, saying Customers will development along in cooperation with them.
have been plagued by theft, sometimes with the give carefully consideration who they entrust with
use of firearms and even directly on the apron. He their valuable freight.
suspects that local authorities are powerless in
the face of crime, saying "Everybody wants more Munich: Setting consistent security Stadards
security, but so far airport operators have taken By contrast, this year Munich is to become a
little action. We are no longer willing to accept testing centre for modern security systems.
this. That is why Lufthansa Cargo supports the Lufthansa Cargo wishes to learn from the tests
TAPA organization, which in February 2007 had what devices are appropriate for practical use and
already set up a whether they can be integrated within the existing
security chain and, if so, how this should be done
without adversely impacting or delaying opera-
We no longer want to tions. During this project phase, Lufthansa Cargo
is working closely with all partners involved in the
suffer losses from theft. transport process, whether the airport operator,
customs, the Federal Office of Police, the Ministry
task force focussed exclusively on the airport in of the Interior or EU authorities.
X-ray equipment at the Security Hub Frankfurt
Johannesburg. With Hermann Zunker, Regional
Security News
Best
Case
Worst
Case
Mr. Zielinski, a host of new regulations gover- specified new standards for freight documentati- How can that be done?
ning security in airfreight came into force ear- on. Into the bargain, the TSA has announced plans
ly this year. How far have you advanced with to tighten the rules for transports to the USA. By working together. Security begins not only
the implementation of those requirements? at the aircraft, it permeates the transport chain
What does that mean in the daily routine at from start to finish. And all those in the chain
Harald Zielinski: In Lufthansa Cargos case, we are Lufthansa Cargo? are challenged to do their bit: from the shippers,
highly satisfied. Internally as well as with custo- forwarders or airlines right through to industry as-
mers, we have engaged in intensive cooperation Those new requirements will have to be worked sociations and authorities. We need to exchange
and successfully surmounted the initial hurdles. into our processes, which in turn means we will experiences on a practical level more intensive-
Meantime, around 95 per cent of the shipments modify our IT systems accordingly and lay on ly so that practical experience is given greater
we handle measure up to the new security rules. the requisite training courses for staff. Moreover, weight in future regulations.
It is important now to adhere to that standard we will invest in new equipment because the
and integrate the new regulations that have been TSA has tightened the rules for screening cargo. How will the security regime evolve in
announced. At the end of the day we will rule out security the future?
storage at Lufthansa Cargo for the time being
What are the new requirements? through those investments. I believe that the USA and the EU will further tigh-
ten their requirements in the years ahead and that
Previous exceptions for valuable cargo and animal What is the security situation like, internatio- other countries will follow suit. Canada, for exa-
transports are now ruled out by EU Regulation nally? mple, is already doing that. In addition, security
831/2007. Those transports will then be subjected will become a hallmark of quality in future, espe-
to the same rigorous security checks as any Were setting standards in Europe and the USA, cially in growth markets such as Asia. Security will
other cargo. Shipments, which do not come from though much remains to be done and were shortly bekome integral in the product portfolio at
regulated agents and which cannot be checked constantly on a learning curve. In India and China Lufthansa Cargo. We, for our part, will continue
technically, must be kept in storage by airfreight as well, the authorities in those two key airfreight investing in security take my word.
carriers for five days before they are allowed to market are making a start on establishing a securi-
transport them. Additionally, the EU has raised the ty regime. The aim must be to establish a uniform, Mr. Zielinski, thank you for this interview.
training requirements for security personnel and practicable standard for the entire cargo industry.
Security News
Latex gloves, heat-sealed packages and as carry-on baggage is checked with x-rays prior
precision instruments. The scene at security to a flight, x-ray technology can also be utilised to
checkpoints at the Frankfurt Security Hubs check cargo up to a specific size. At the security
resembles a film-shooting scenario for a TV test centre in Frankfurt, that also applies to com-
thriller. On duty though are not actors in the plette trucks. X-ray pictures of cargo from different
role of police detectives but the security team angles detect any suspicious objects. Should
from Luftansa Cargo. Their job is to check any be detected, the consignment is taken to a
cargo for explosive substances and dan- security zone to be further inspected by screening
gerous objects. Those checks are mandatory specialists.
whenever a shipment has not been declared
in accordance with existing security regulati- Video surveillance An overview
ons or on 30 per cent of all cargo destined for A significant proportion of Lufthansa Cargos
the USA. In 2006 alone, staff at acceptance outlay is expended on external security. More than
points and in the security team at Lufthansa 600 CCTV cameras constantly film ongoing traffic
Cargo checked more than 250,000 consign- at the Frankfurt Security Hub. The pictures are fed
ments. They utilise diverse systems, equip- into the security command post. From there, the
ment and procedures in a rigorous screening cameras can be individually directed to keep an
regime. Their tools include the following: eye on anything suspicious. The cameras operate
round-the-clock and the footage is stored for
Explosive detection systems Electronic sniffers actuarial reasons for 30 days.
Those terms denote highly sensitive stand-alone
analytical systems which can detect even the Access control systems The iron gate
minutest trace of explosives down to one part per At the outer confines, systems have been installed
trillion. That would be analogous to people still to control access to the Security Hub. Those sys-
being able to taste a cube of sugar thrown into a tems operating with chip cards or with biometric
lake. data at the Lufthansa Cargo Hub in New York
ensure that visitors, suppliers and staff are gran-
Incredible as it may sound, the principle on which ted entry only to areas which they are authorised
those systems function is easy to explain. Anyone to access.
handling or tinkering about with explosives is
always left with traces or particles on hands,
clothing, equipment or packaging. When checks
In 2006 alone, staff at accept
are carried out, a cargo screener or security officer ance points and in the security
takes swabs from all sides of a consignment.
Those swabs are then inserted into the analytical
team at Lufthansa Cargo che
machine where any residues of explosives on cked more than 250,000 consi
the swabs evaporate after heating. The machi-
ne sniffs the resultant vapours so that they can
gnments.
be analysed. Thats how machine acquired the
sniffer tag. Last but not least
Afterwards the particles are accelerated and the security personnel
because all chemical elements have a speci- Technology is only as good as the people that use
fic weight, the machine detects any dangerous it. Thats why Lufthansa Cargo has set up its own
substances by their speed in a matter of seconds. security department. The department operates
with a workforce of 300 people made up of Luft-
Mobile detection machines hansa Cargo staff and external employees from
Mobile sniffers work to the same principle as service providers. Alongside professional skills,
stationary equipment. They can, however, also new staff need a testimonial of good conduct
sniff air from enclosed space such as that in pal- from the police and testification of their total
letised cargo. Mobile machines allow more cargo reliability.
to be checked in shorter time.
Hjoerdis Stahl
At Lufthansa Cargo, that job is in the hands Additionally, all the staff undergo yearly security security measures. All other shipments are sub-
of Hjoerdis Stahl. In charge of Ground Hand- checks and attend training courses. These rules jected to additional security checks.
ling Germany, she is responsible for about also apply to sub-contractors. Anyone coming to
1,600 employees. And their working day has Frankfurt experiences at first hand what security Should any of the highly sensitive explosive
changed profoundly with the introduction of at Lufthansa Cargo means, emphasises Hjoerdis detection systems sound an alarm and should the
new security regulations: Ground Handling Stahl: Personal identification is now mandatory shipment subsequently fail a second prescribed
has become very much more complicated. on the entire complex; the Lufthansa Cargo Center test, operations in the handling area come to an
No longer does it suffice to move cargo (LCC) is additionally safeguarded separately. And abrupt standstill. Up to now, fortunately, Frankfurt
around physically in the old way in order to the nearer people approach sensitive areas, the has been troubled only by false alarms. But they
transport it swiftly and reliably to its destina- more rigorous the controls. That is also reflected also cause an immense loss of time. That her
tion. It now requires support from informa- in the sharp drop of 90 per cent in the theft rate at team makes up for that lost time in most cases
tion management to uniform standards and the LCC since the checks were imposed. is for Hjoerdis Stahl convincing testimony of their
processes, says Hjoerdis Stahl, explaining dedication and efficiency: That is precisely what
the changes. The increased administrative distinguishes Lufthansa Cargo. As soon as we
work required is highlighted, among others, The LCC is the logistics and security mecca in the take over a shipment, it is in good hands and we
by the reporting requirements in cargo traffic Lufthansa Cargo universe. Its where the Compa- go to every length to ensure that it is delivered
with the USA. The new regulations prescri- ny handles more than a million tonnes of cargo fastest to the consignee at its destination.
be, for example, that information about the annually. The bulk of that tonnage is transit freight.
entire cargo on board an aircraft has to be That means that shipments, shortly after their
communicated to the authorities down to arrival, are loaded onto another aircraft for onward
the flimsiest detail no later than four hours transportation. Sometimes, only a few hours lie
before the flight is due to land in the USA. between arrival and departure. Despite the time
Failure to meet that requirement activates pressure, the freight is always in good hands. In
a catalogue of sanctions ranging from fines 2004, Lufthansa Cargo converted the LCC into a
right through to seizure or confiscation of security hub.
the shipment.
More than 600 surveillance cameras, electronic
However, security at Lufthansa Cargo is not access equipment and well-trained staff ensure
just governed by external requirements. On the that the tightest security standards are upheld
contrary: The Company made an early start at the entire complex. Security is tightest in the
on making all the staff security-conscious and handling area, at the heart of the LCC, where
anchoring it as a top priority in corporate culture. handling staff check the freight documents. Only
The procedure begins with staff recruitment. Peo- when the freight comes from a known shipper
ple applying for jobs at Lufthansa Cargo require and is delivered by a regulated agent may it be
High-value goods ready for transport
a testimonial of good conduct from the police. released for onward transportation without further
10 Security News
Hundreds of cameras are installed at Luft- But security surveillance does not only take place sessions for Lufthanseats who are involved in
hansa Cargos base at Frankfurt, monitoring at computer screens. Security staff are on duty passenger services, MRO or catering. These
every corner of one of the worlds biggest round the clock all over the Lufthansa Cargo site, differentiated training courses are not the only
cargo hubs. Everything that the security safeguarding security from the moment a consi- sign that security at Lufthansa is closely tailored
cameras eyes see and record is fed into the gnment is registered at Gate 25 until an aircraft to specific requirements, Zielinski explains.
cargo carriers control centre. But at the end takes off. They have to be able to asses the
of the day, it is the human factor that counts security situation clearly and to act competently To date, more than 1,200 staff have undergone
when the CCTV images appear on computer whether they are operating the gate or special security training at Lufthansa Cargo in Frankfurt
screens and have to be analysed. Whether equipment such as X-ray scanners or the sniffers alone nationwide it is a few hundred more.
freight handling procedures are classed as that detect explosives. Working with staff from renowned security firms,
standard and given the OK or whether some- Lufthansa Cargo has built up a security network
thing is branded as suspicious is ultimately Before staff begin work in the Security depart- of people and technology, and with every training
determined by a Cargo Lufthanseat. ment they have to undergo thorough training. This course its network becomes even tighter.
can take up to three weeks, depending on the
specific area involved. When particularly com-
plex or demanding tasks are involved, staff have
to pass a theoretical and practical test set by
Germanys Federal Aviation Authority (LBA).